JP2000512348A - A substitute for modified starch in papermaking. - Google Patents
A substitute for modified starch in papermaking.Info
- Publication number
- JP2000512348A JP2000512348A JP10501539A JP50153998A JP2000512348A JP 2000512348 A JP2000512348 A JP 2000512348A JP 10501539 A JP10501539 A JP 10501539A JP 50153998 A JP50153998 A JP 50153998A JP 2000512348 A JP2000512348 A JP 2000512348A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- glucan
- produced
- starch
- corn
- potato
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 108010076450 glucosyltransferase C Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 46
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 29
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 210000002706 plastid Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000589155 Agrobacterium tumefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002494 Zein Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005019 zein Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940093612 zein Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005945 translocation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019714 Triticale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 108091008324 binding proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001430294 unidentified retrovirus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000228158 x Triticosecale Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 102000014914 Carrier Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims 2
- 108010003581 Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase Proteins 0.000 claims 2
- 241000209056 Secale Species 0.000 claims 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims 2
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004520 electroporation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241000194019 Streptococcus mutans Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 40
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 28
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 24
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 16
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 108091028043 Nucleic acid sequence Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 8
- 108010055629 Glucosyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 102000000340 Glucosyltransferases Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 108020004414 DNA Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229940031008 streptococcus mutans Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 101710117545 C protein Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101150111062 C gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001612 Hydroxyethyl starch Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108700005078 Synthetic Genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010367 cloning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013599 cloning vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydroxyethyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940050526 hydroxyethylstarch Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000520 microinjection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013612 plasmid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001938 protoplast Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102200150779 rs200154873 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013518 transcription Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035897 transcription Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108091032973 (ribonucleotides)n+m Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108091026890 Coding region Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108020004705 Codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-threo-2-Pentulose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(=O)CO ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000053602 DNA Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241001057636 Dracaena deremensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- YQYJSBFKSSDGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epihygromycin Natural products OC1C(O)C(C(=O)C)OC1OC(C(=C1)O)=CC=C1C=C(C)C(=O)NC1C(O)C(O)C2OCOC2C1O YQYJSBFKSSDGFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 1
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108700023224 Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010025815 Kanamycin Kinase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N L-methotrexate Chemical compound C=1N=C2N=C(N)N=C(N)C2=NC=1CN(C)C1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 FBOZXECLQNJBKD-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000001140 Mimosa pudica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016462 Mimosa pudica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000061176 Nicotiana tabacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101710091688 Patatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000082988 Secale cereale Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012300 Sequence Analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000607715 Serratia marcescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000138286 Sorghum saccharatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 108091081024 Start codon Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000194017 Streptococcus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194023 Streptococcus sanguinis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193987 Streptococcus sobrinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006154 adenylylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000023732 binding proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004113 cell culture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- VJYIFXVZLXQVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorsulfuron Chemical compound COC1=NC(C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)=N1 VJYIFXVZLXQVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011098 chromatofocusing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002299 complementary DNA Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000002925 dental caries Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 108010042194 dextransucrase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940023064 escherichia coli Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011094 fiberboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010353 genetic engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090001082 glucan-binding proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003147 glycosyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000318 kanamycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930027917 kanamycin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N kanamycin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CN)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](N)C[C@@H]1N SBUJHOSQTJFQJX-NOAMYHISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930182823 kanamycin A Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000485 methotrexate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000000214 mouth Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031787 nutrient reservoir activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003463 organelle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013600 plasmid vector Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001236 prokaryotic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011552 rat model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003362 replicative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108091008146 restriction endonucleases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035943 smell Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001082 somatic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011426 transformation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001515965 unidentified phage Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0009—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid alpha-D-Glucans, e.g. polydextrose, alternan, glycogen; (alpha-1,4)(alpha-1,6)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)(alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. isolichenan or nigeran; (alpha-1,4)-D-Glucans; (alpha-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. pseudonigeran; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1048—Glycosyltransferases (2.4)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/18—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase, e.g. alpha-, beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/005—Microorganisms or enzymes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】 本発明は、改変澱粉の代わりにStreptococcus mutans種のグルコシルトランスフェラーゼＣ酵素により産生されるグルカンを用いる製紙の方法を提供する。本発明のグルカンは、ヒドロキシル化改変澱粉と機能的に同様であり、そして製紙の糊づけおよびコーティングの工程において特に有用である。本発明のグルカンはまた、熱可塑性の特性を示し、そしてコーティング工程に間の紙に光沢を付与する。 (57) [Summary] The present invention provides a papermaking method using glucan produced by glucosyltransferase C enzyme of Streptococcus mutans species instead of modified starch. The glucans of the present invention are functionally similar to the hydroxylated modified starch and are particularly useful in the papermaking sizing and coating process. The glucans of the invention also exhibit thermoplastic properties and impart gloss to the paper during the coating process.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 製紙における改変澱粉の代用品 発明の分野 本発明は、製紙の分野に関する。詳細には、本発明は、製紙における改変澱粉 に代わる供給源を提供する。 発明の背景 澱粉が成分として用いられる製紙において３つの主要な段階が存在する。第１ 段階は、セルロース線維が澱粉とスラリー中で混合され、そしてスラリーがワイ ヤーベルト上へ狭い開口部を通って押し出される「ウェットエンド(wet end)」 である。水は、形成されたシートがベルトの長さを移動する際に、迅速に除去さ れる。代表的には、ベルト上の５〜15メートルの距離の後、シート自体の重量を 支え得るように、シートはそれから十分な水分を除去されている。シートは、多 数のホイルおよびロールを通って移動し、ここでさらに水が除去される。これは 約11％の水分まで乾燥される。 澱粉を含む製紙の第２段階は、「糊づけ工程」である。ここで、紙は糊づけプ レスを通過し、ここで澱粉スラリーがシートに塗布される。シートは、再び一連 のホイルおよびロールを通過する。シートはローラーで乾燥され、そして最終産 物としてプレス機から取り外され得る。 第３工程は、紙を澱粉と熱可塑性分子との混合物でコーティングすることを含 む。特定のラインについては、これは糊づけ工程の後に生じる。新生のロールが また取り出され得、そしてコーティングのために別のプレス機上へ再び取り付け られ得る。代表的なコーティングデバイスは紙の幅を移動する２つの刃を有する 。これらの刃は、コーティング材料を２つのローリングドラムに塗布する。紙は 、ドラムとコーティング材料（澱粉および熱可塑性成分を含む）との間を通過し 、紙の上のドラムから離れる。紙がドラムから離れた後、紙は多くの乾燥機を通 過する。紙が乾燥したら、２つのドラム（１つは、高密度の線維で作られ、そし て もう一方は加熱された鋼鉄ドラムである）を含む「ソフトカレンダー(soft cale ndar)」上を通過する。２つのドラムと加熱された鋼鉄ドラムとの間を紙が通過 することによって、十分に加熱してコーティング剤混合物の熱可塑性成分を融解 し、紙上にしっかりした光沢仕上げを提供する。 上記のプロセスにおいて代表的に使用されるセルロースの木材パルプ線維は天 然において陰イオン性である。陽イオン性澱粉の「ウェットエンド」スラリーへ の添加は、塩架橋を介するパルプ線維の架橋により接着剤として作用する。従っ て、架橋した重合体ネットワークが作製され、これは澱粉およびセルロース線維 を含む。代表的には、「ウェットエンド」において用いられる陽イオン性澱粉は 、３価アミンまたは４価アミンである。これらのアミノ基は、湿式粉砕器(wet m iller)により澱粉に添加される。 表面の糊づけ用の澱粉は、シートが「ウェットエンド」から離れた後にシート に対し強度および滑らかな仕上げの両方を与えるために使用される。そのような 澱粉はまた、種々のコーティングを受け入れるようにシートを調製する。より安 価なグレードの紙の製造において、および繊維板の製造においては、糊づけ用澱 粉は非改変トウモロコシ澱粉として単純に使用される。高いグレードの紙につい ては、化学的に改変された澱粉が使用される。これは、紙への滑らかで一様な高 い質の表面の塗布のために重要である。 澱粉は、劣化、すなわち、別のゼラチン様澱粉スラリーにおいて高次構造（ヘ リックスおよび結晶化の両方）を再形成する傾向がある。高品質の紙上での劣化 した澱粉の析出は、紙上に局部的な不一致を生じ、そしてそれは容認できない。 さらに、糊づけプレス機中の劣化した澱粉は、装置を清浄するためにラインを止 めることを必要とし得る。 糊づけの塗布のために最も頻繁に使用される澱粉は、例えばヒドロキシエチル 澱粉のような共有結合した中性の添加物を有する澱粉である。これは、湿式粉砕 プラントで単離された後、エチレンオキシドと澱粉との反応により調製される。 ヒドロキシエチル（または類似の）添加物の機能は、その化学的性質とは無関係 である；むしろ、それは立体障害を提供するように作用し、それによって高次構 造の形成を阻害する。この立体障害は、劣化を減少させるために重要である。添 加物により与えられる周期的な隆起は、劣化を導く高次構造の形成を崩壊する。 速度は、製紙において最も重要な事項である。プレス速度を制限することによ って、澱粉を均一にする。プレスは、しばしばその全能力の速度より下で行われ る。この適用に依存して、澱粉スラリーは３〜15％（通常は５〜６％）の間の固 体である。固体の増加は、製造されている紙シートから取り除かれるべき水の量 の減少を必然的に生じる。このことは、プレス機を高速で作動させることを可能 にする。 ヒドロキシエチル化澱粉はまた、温度の低下または濃度の増加に伴って、高次 構造を形成する。紙の表面での高次構造の形成が必須である。シートへの塗布の 後、澱粉はこれらの高次構造のいくらかを再形成し、そして構造的強度を与え、 インクおよび色素の受け入れを促進する均一な表面を作製する。しかし、高次構 造は、スラリーにでも塗布デバイスについても形成するべきではない。なぜなら 、これは、劣化した澱粉を清浄するために生産ラインを停止する必要があるから である。 ヒドロキシエチル基の機能は、劣化が生じる時の澱粉の温度をより低くし、そ して／またはその濃度を上昇させることである。処理ラインはすでに澱粉スラリ ーの特定の温度について最適化されているので、劣化の傾向の減少は、スラリー 中のより高い炭水化物含量を可能にする。 コーティングプロセスにおいて紙シートに塗布される混合物は、ヒドロキシメ チル化澱粉および熱可塑性分子を含む。使用される最も一般的な熱可塑性分子は 、スチレンブタジエンのようなラテックスである。ヒドロキシエチル澱粉の機能 は、上記のとおりである。熱可塑性分子の機能は、紙の上に高級な光沢仕上げを 形成することである。これは、インクおよび色素を取り込む増大した能力を生じ 、そして一般的には印刷シートの分解性を改善する。 上記に基づいて、製紙において、改変澱粉と機能的に類似である改変された澱 粉代用物の必要性が存在する。さらに、劣化の傾向がより少ない改変澱粉の代用 物を提供する必要がある。さらに、現在の方法より早く、そしてプレス機がそれ らの全能力のスピードにより近く作動することが可能である、紙の製造の方法を 提供する必要がある。さらに、環境に優しく、そして化学的処理を必要とする投 入材料を含まない紙を製造する方法を提供する必要がある。 従って、本発明の目的は、製紙において使用される場合、劣化の傾向が少ない 改変澱粉の代用物を提供することである。 本発明のさらなる目的は、現存の方法より迅速であり、そしてより効率的な紙 を製造する方法を提供することである。 本発明のさらなる目的は、澱粉が必要とする高価な化学的改変を必要としない 、製紙における澱粉の代用物を提供することである。 本発明のさらなる目的は、現存の方法より環境に優しい紙を製造するための方 法を提供することである。 本発明のさらなる目的は、製紙の間のコーティング工程において現在使用され ている熱可塑性分子の代用物を提供することである。 発明の要旨 本発明は、製紙において改変澱粉および／またはラテックスの代用物として使 用され得るグルカンを提供する。本発明のグルカンは、Streptococcus mutans種 のグルコシルトランスフェラーゼＣ（「GTF C」）酵素により産生され、そして 製紙において現在使用されている改変澱粉と機能的に類似である。本発明のグル カンはまた、製紙のコーティング工程において現在使用されている熱可塑性分子 に対して類似の物理的特性を示す。 本発明はまた、生物学的に産生される投入材料である、本発明のグルカンを利 用する紙の作製の方法を提供する。従って、本方法は、化学的排液を産生する投 入材料を必要とする現在の方法より対費用効果が高く、そして環境に優しい。 発明の詳細な説明 本明細書中で使用される場合、「グルカン」は、α(1→3)、α(1→6)である結 合、および分枝α(1→3,6)を有するグルコースポリマーを意味する。 本明細書中で使用される場合、「アミロプラスト」は、植物貯蔵組織中の澱粉 蓄積細胞小器官を意味する。 本明細書中で使用される場合、「液胞」は、液胞膜により制限される細胞性区 画を意味する。 Streptococcus mutansは、口腔内に内在し、歯のエナメル質にコロニーを形成 する種である。例えば、Kuramitsuら，「Characterization of Extracellular G lucosyl Transferase Activity of Streptococcus-mutans,」Infect ．Immun.;第 12(4)巻;738-749頁;（1975）;およびYamashitaら，「Role of the Streptococcu s-Mutans-gtf Genes in Caries Induction in the Specific-Pathogen-Free Rat Model」Infect ．Immun.;第61(9)巻;3811-3817頁;(1993)を参照のこと;共に、本 明細書中にその全体が参考として援用される。Streptococcus mutans種は、食事 中のスクロースを利用して種々の細胞外グルカンを作製するグルコシルトランス フェラーゼＣ(「GTF C」)酵素を分泌する。例えば、Hanadaら，「Isolation and Characterization of the Streptococcus mutans gtfc Gene，Coding for Synt hesis of Both Soluble and Insoluble Glucans,」Infect．Immun.;第56(8)巻;1 999-2005頁;(1988);およびKametakaら、「Purification and characterization of Glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus-mutans OMZ176 with Chromatofoc using,」Microbios;第51(206)巻;29-36頁;(1978)を参照のこと;両方が本明細書 中にその全体が参考として援用される。 可溶性グルカンおよび不溶性グルカンの両方が合成され、原因であるタンパク 質が単離され、そして特徴付けられている。例えば、Aokiら，「Cloning of a S treptococcus-mutans Glucosyltransferase Gene Coding for Insoluble Glucan Synthesis．Infect. Immun.;第53(3)巻;587-594頁;(1986):Shimamuraら，「Ide ntification of Amino Acid Residues in Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltrans ferases Influencingthe Structure of the Glucan Produced,」J. Bacteriol.; 第176(16)巻;48445-50頁;（1994）;および、Kametakaら，「Purification and C haracterization of Glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus-:mutans OMZ176 with Chromat of ocusing,」Microbios;第51(206)巻;29-36頁;(1987)を参照の こと;全ては本明細書中にその全体が参考として援用される。 関与するタンパク質は大きく(約155kDa)、そしてスクロースのグリコシル部分 の、α(1→3)結合およびα(1→6)結合を介するアクセプターグルカンへの基転移 を触媒する。例えば、Wenhamら，「Regulation of Glucosyl Transferase and F r uctosyl Transferase Synthesis by Continuous Cultures of Streptococcus-mu tans,」J. Gen. Microbiol. ;第114巻(第１部);117-124頁;（1979）；Fuら，「M altodextrin Acceptor Reactions of Streptococcus-mutans 6715 glucosyltran sferases,」Carbohydr ．Res.;第217:巻;210-211頁;（1991）;およびBhattacharj eeら，「Formation of Alpha−(1→6),Alpha-(1→3),and Alpha(1→2)Glycosidi c Linkages by Dextransucrase from Streptococcus Sanguis in Accept or-Dep endent Reactions,」Carbohydr ．Res.;第242巻;191-201頁;(1993)を参照のこと ；全ては本明細書中にその全体が参考として援用される。 グルカン合成に関連する遺伝子が単離され、そして配列決定されている。Shim amuraら、（本明細書中上記に引用）および、Russelら，「Expression of a Gen e for Glucan-binding Protein from Streptococcus-mutans in「Escherichia-c oli,」J. Gen. Microbiol. ;第131(2)巻;295-300頁;(1985);Russellら，「Chara cterization of Glucosyltransferase Expressed from a Streptococcus-Sobri nus Gene Cloned in Escherichia-coli,」J. Gen. Microbiol.;第133(4)巻;935- 944頁;(1987);およびShirozaら，「Sequence Analysis of the gtfc Gene from Streptococcus mutans,」J. Bacteriol. ;第169(9)巻;4263-4270(1987)を参照の こと;全ては本明細書中にその全体が参考として援用される。 GTF C酵素により産生されるグルカンの構造は、任意の所定のグルカン中に存 在するα(1→3)、α(1→6)、およびα(1→3,6)分枝の割合に関して全く不均一で ある。トウモロコシのような植物への天然に存在するGTF Cをコードする遺伝子 の形質転換は、新規の組成物を有するアミロプラストおよび液胞を提供する。 アミロプラストおよび／または液胞に取り込まれたGTF C酵素活性は、同じア ミロプラストおよび／または液胞中での澱粉およびグルカンの蓄積を導く。劣化 は、澱粉分子の一部が相互作用し、そして続いて鎖間ヘリックスまたは鎖内ヘリ ックスを形成する場合に生じる。澱粉とグルカンとの混合物において、へリック ス形成を導く澱粉−澱粉相互作用の頻度が減少される。混合ポリマーから作製さ れるペーストは、結果として劣化する傾向がより少ない。これは特に、澱粉の相 対的な割合が減少される形質転換標的として予想される澱粉蓄積変異体において 真実である。 トランスジェニックGTF C酵素によりトウモロコシアミロプラストおよび／ま たは液胞中で産生されるグルカンは、澱粉が必要とするような化学的改変を伴わ ずに紙の処理において機能し得る。結果的に、ポリマー溶液は、変化した流体学 的特性を有し、そして澱粉と比べて劣化する傾向がより少ない。グルカンは分枝 状であり、そして不規則であり、そして同程度かまたは優れた効力を有する改変 澱粉を代用し得る。これらは、澱粉が必要とするようないかなる高価な化学的改 変も必要としない。コーティング塗布について、本発明のグルカンは上記の利点 に加え、熱可塑性の特性を示す。 野生型GTF Cは、本発明によるグルカン産生することにおいて有用である。GTF C酵素は周知である。例えば、本明細書中上記に引用された、Shimamuraら、お よびHanadaら、を参照のこと。産生されたグルカンは、製紙のコーティング工程 における改変澱粉の代用品として特に有用である。本発明のグルカンはまた、ラ テックス（例えば、スチレンブタジエン）のような熱可塑性分子の代用品として 有用である。本発明のグルカンは、紙上の高い仕上げに影響し、そしてインクお よび色素の受け入れる紙の能力を増加し、一般的に印刷シート上の分解性を改善 する。 本発明のグルカンは、好ましくはトランスジェニックのトウモロコシ、ジャガ イモ、キャッサバ、サツマイモ、ライムギ、オオムギ、コムギ、サトウモロコシ 、カラスムギ、キビ、ライコムギ、サトウキビおよびイネにおいて産生される。 より好ましくは、本発明のグルカンは、トウモロコシ、ジャガイモ、サトウキビ 、キャッサバまたはサツマイモにおいて産生される。さらにより好ましくは、本 発明のグルカンは、トウモロコシまたはジャガイモにおいて産生される。最も好 ましくは、本発明のグルカンはトウモロコシにおいて産生される。 本発明の非常に好まルい実施態様において、澱粉生合成を欠損したトウモロコ シ株が、変異体GTF C遣伝子で形質転換される。そのような株は、天然に存在す るトウモロコシ変異体(すなわち、sh2、bt2、bt1)か、または野生型トウモロコ シと比較した場合、胚乳中に低い量の澱粉を蓄積するように操作されたトランスf the ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase in Transgenic Potatoes Leads to Suga r-Storing Tubers and Influences Tuber Formation and Expression of Tuber Storage Protein Genes,」The EMBO Journal;第11(4)巻;1229-1238頁;(1992);お よびCreech，「Carbohydrate Synthesis in Maize.」Advances in Agronomy;第2 0巻;275-322頁;(1968)を参照のこと;両方が本明細書中にそれらの全体が参考と して援用される。 本発明のグルカンの産生は、当該分野で周知である形質転換の方法に従って行 われ、従って本発明の一部を構成しない。本発明の化合物は、転写および翻訳さ れる場合、所望のグルカンを産生するGTF酵素を生じる合成遺伝子を含む発現カ セットの挿入により合成される。所望の配列の植物発現のための適切な調節配列 を提供するこのような空の発現カセットもまた周知であり、そして合成遺伝子に ついてのヌクレオチド配列（RNAまたはDNAのいずれか）は、標準的な教科書およ び提供される参考文献を用いてタンパク質のアミノ酸配列に容易に由来し得る。 上記の合成遺伝子は、植物優先(plant-preffered)コドンを好ましく使用して、 所望のタンパク質の発現を増強する。 以下の記載は、本発明の組成物ならびにそれらの作成および使用の方法をさら に例示する。しかし、当業者に同等に公知である他の方法もまた使用され得るこ とが理解される。 本発明の酵素または変異体をコードする遺伝子は適切な発現カセット中に挿入 され得、そして植物種の細胞内へ導入され得る。従って、この方法の特に好まし い実施態様は、植物において活性である転写プロモーター配列およびイニシエー ター配列とともに適切なリーディングフレーム中にある変異体遣伝子または野生 型遺伝子をコードするDNA配列を植物のゲノム中へ挿入することを含む。調節配 列の制御下でのDNA配列の転写および翻訳は、植物の組織内で上昇した量のタン パク質を提供するレベルでタンパク質配列の発現を生じる。 次いで、GTF Cタンパク質のアミノ酸の適切な配列をコードする合成DNA配列が 調製され得、そしてこの合成DNA配列は、適切な植物発現カセット中に挿入され 得る。 本発明に適用可能な植物の発現カセットおよびベクターが、当該分野で周知で ある。用語「発現カセット」は、それらが適切なリーディングフレーム中の構造 遺伝子に隣接する場合、植物細胞において機能するプロモーター配列、イニシエ ーション配列、および終結配列を含む制御配列の完全なセットを意味する。発現 カセットは、切断および任意の所望の構造遺伝子の挿入のために適切な制限部位 の組合せを、頻繁にかつ好ましく含む。クローン化遺伝子が、構造配列に対して 正確なリーディングフレームにおける開始コドンを有することが重要である。 本明細書中の用語「ベクター」は、宿主細胞中で複製が可能であり、そして外 来遺伝子を発現し得るDNA配列を意味する。代表的には、ベクターは、適切な酵 素の使用により予想される様式で切断され得る１つ以上の制限エンドヌクレアー ゼ認識部位を有する。このようなベクターは、好ましくは、抗生物質および除草 剤の耐性を与えるさらなる構造遺伝子配列を含むように構築され、これらは次い で、形質転換細胞を同定および分離するためのマーカーとして役立つ。好ましい マーカー／選択剤は、カナマイシン、クロロスルフロン(chlorosulfuron)、ホス ホノトリシン(phosphonothricin)、ハイグロマイシン、およびメトトレキサート を含む。ベクター中の外来の遺伝物質が機能的に発現される細胞は、ベクターに より「形質転換」されており、そして「形質転換体」と呼ばれる。 特に好ましいベクターはプラスミドである。プラスミドは、細胞の染色体の一 部ではない環状２本鎖DNA分予を意味する。 上記のように、目的の遺伝子をコードするゲノムDNAおよびcDNAの両方が、本 発明において使用され得る。目的の遺伝子はまた、部分的にcDNAクローンから、 および部分的にゲノムクローンから構築され得る。目的の遺伝子が単離されてい る場合、宿主細胞中で遺伝子の効率的な発現を提供するのに必要な調節配列を含 む遺伝子構築物が作成される。本発明によれば、遺伝子構築物は、(a)目的のタ ンパク質または形質をコードする遺伝子配列、(b)目的の構造遺伝子のいずれか の側に作動可能に連結された１つ以上の調節配列、を含む。代表的には、調節配 列は、プロモーターおよびターミネーターからなる群より選択される。調節配列 は、自己かまたは異種の供給源由来であり得る。 所望の制御配列に作動可能に連結された本発明の変異体の構造遺伝子を含む発 現カセットは、適切なクローニングベクターに連結され得る。一般的に、宿主細 胞と互換性がある種に由来する複製配列および制御配列を含むプラスミドベクタ ーまたはウイルス（バクテリオファージ）ベクターが使用される。クローニング ベクターは、代表的には複製開始点、ならびに形質転換宿主細胞において表現型 選択マーカーを提供し得る特定の遺伝子を有する。代表的には、抗生物質または 選択的除草剤に対して耐性を与える遺伝子が使用される。遺伝物質が標的細胞内 へ導入された後、首尾良く形質転換された細胞および／または細胞のコロニーは 、これらのマーカーに基づく選択により単離され得る。 代表的には、中間体宿主細胞が本発明の実行において使用されて、クローニン グベクターのコピー数が増大される。コピー数の増加と共に、目的の遺伝子を含 むベクターは、所望の植物細胞内への導入のために有意な量にて単離され得る。 本発明の実施において使用され得る宿主細胞は、原核細胞（例えば、E．coli、S .typhimuriumおよびSerratia marcescensのような細菌宿主を含む）を含む。酵 母または糸状菌のような真核生物の宿主もまた、本発明において使用され得る。 これらの宿主もまた微生物であるので、細菌内ではタンパク質の発現を引き起こ さない植物プロモーターがそのベクターで使用されることを確認することが必須 である。 次いで、単離されたクローニングベクターは、細胞または組織培養において植 物発現カセットのDNA配列の少なくとも１つのコピーを外来DNAとして含む形質転 換植物細胞を提供するために、単子葉植物または双子葉植物由来の細胞へのエレ クトロポレーション（プロトプラストにおいて）、レトロウイルス、照射、およ びマイクロインジェクションを含む任意の適当な技術を使用して植物細胞内へ導 入される。公知の技術を用いて、プロトプラストは再生され得、そして細胞また は組織の培養物は、本発明によるタンパク質の遺伝子を保有しそして発現する全 体の稔性植物を形成するために再生され得る。従って、本発明の非常に好ましい 実施態様は、形質転換トウモロコシ植物であり、その細胞はGTF Cのタンパク質 の発現カセットのDNA配列の少なくとも１コピーを外来DNAとして含む。 本明細書中で提供ざれる植物ベクターは、Agrobacterium tumefaciens中に取 り込まれ得、次いで主として双子葉種由来の感受性の植物細胞内にベクターを移 入するために使用され得ることもまた当業者に理解される。従って、本発明は、 Agrobacterium tumefaciens感受性双子葉植物中にGTF Cを導入するための方法を 提供し、ここで発現カセットは、Agrobacterium tumefaciensを細胞に感染させ ることによって細胞に導入され、そのプラスミドは本発明の植物発現カセットを 含むように改変されている。 例えば、ジャガイモ植物はAgrobacterium tumefaciensを介して形質転換され 、本発明のグルカンを産生し得る。形質転換カセットは、パタチンプロモーター 、続いて、GTF Cコード配列およびネオマイシンホスホトランスフェラーゼポリ アデニル化部位／ターミネーターを含む。例えば、Utsumiら、「Expression and Accumulation for Normal and Modified Soybean Glycinins in Potato Tubers ,」Plant Science;第102(2)巻;181-188頁;(1994);(Limerick)を参照のこと;本明 細書中にこの全体が参考として援用される。トランスジェニックカセットは、形 質転換ベクター内に配置される。例えば、BIN19、またはその誘導体は、Agrobac terium tumefaciensを介する形質転換の場合に有用である。例えば、Visserら、 「Transformation of Homozygous Diploid Potato with an Agrobacterium-tume faciens Binary Vector System by Adventitious Shoot Regeneration on Leaf and Stem Segments,」Plant Mol ．Biol.;第12(3)巻;329-338頁;(1989)を参照の こと;本明細書中にこの全体が参考として援用される。 トウモロコシ形質転換ベクターについて、プロモーターは、発現が特異的であ り、かつ胚乳細胞に限定される任意のプロモーターを含む。22 kDa zein、opaqu e2、gamma zeinおよびwaxyのいずれかをコードするものが含まれる。これらはGT F C遺伝子内に至り、そして内在性ターミネーターまたは異種PINIIターミネータ ーが続く。 GTF Cタンパク質は、適切な移行配列を使用してトウモロコシ胚乳アミロプラ ストヘ指向される。アミロプラスト中に蓄積するために酵素をアミロプラスト内 へ指向することにおいて有用である移行配列は、リブロース２リン酸カルボキシ ラーゼ小サブユニット、waxy，brittle-1、およびクロロフィルAB結合タンパク 質を含むが、これらに限定されない。移行配列は、プロモーターとGTF Cコード 配列との間に並列され、そして翻訳リーディングフレーム内にGTF C成分と融合 される。液胞中に蓄積するために、酵素を液胞に指向することにおいて有用な移 行配列は当該分野で周知である。液胞ターゲッティングについては、例えばEbsk ampら、「Accumulation of Fructose Polymers in Transgenic Tobacco,」Bio/t echnology ;第12巻;272-275頁;(1994)を参照のこと;本明細書中にこの全体が参考 として援用される。 トウモロコシの形質転換および再生については、例えばArmstrong,C.,(1994) 「Regeneration of Plants from Somatic Cell Cultures:Applications for in vitro Genetic Manipulation,」The Maize Handbook,Freelingら編,663-671頁; を参照のこと;本明細書中にこの全体が参考として援用される。 一旦所定の植物が形質転換されると、合成されたグルカンは、当業者に公知の 標準的方法により単離され得る。このようにしてトランスジェニック植物におい て得られるグルカンは、改変澱粉の代わりに用いられ得、そして糊づけおよび／ またはコーティング工程において利用され得る。コーティング工程において有用 な処方物については、例えば、Heiserら，「Starch Formations,」Starch and S tarch Products in Paper Coating ;Kearneyら編，147-162頁;(1990);Tappi Pres sを参照のこと;本明細書中にこの全体が参考として援用される。 本発明のグルカンは約４〜約15重量％、より好ましくは、約５〜約12重量％、 また好ましくは、約６〜約８重量％の量において利用される。重量％は、100ml のコーティング溶液に対する分子のグラムとして定義される。 本発明のグルカンは、澱粉および／もしくはラテックス分子を完全に置換する ように使用されるか、または澱粉−グルカンもしくはラテックス-グルカンの混 合物が、スラリーにおいて使用される。コーティング塗布において、グルカン： 澱粉比は、好ましくは約10:90〜約100:0；より好ましくは約40:60〜約100:0；よ りなお好ましくは約60:40〜約100:0；最も好ましくは約100:0の範囲である。グ ルカン：ラテックス比は、好ましくは約10:90〜約100:0；より好ましくは約40:6 0〜約100:0；よりなお好ましくは約60:40〜約100:0；最も好ましくは約100:0の 範囲である。 本出願に引用された全ての出版物は、本発明に属する当業者の技術レベルを表 示する。全ての出版物は、各個別の出版物または特許出願が参考として援用され るために特異的かつ個別に示されるように、同じ範囲で参考として本明細書中に 援用される。 上記の実施態様に対する改変は当業者の能力の範囲内であり、そしてこのよう な改変は、以下の請求の範囲に記載の本発明の範囲から逸脱しない。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A substitute for modified starch in papermaking. Field of the invention The present invention relates to the field of papermaking. Specifically, the present invention relates to modified starch in papermaking. Provide an alternative source. Background of the Invention There are three main stages in papermaking where starch is used as a component. First The step is to mix the cellulose fibers with the starch in a slurry, and `` Wet end '' extruded through a narrow opening on the yabelt It is. Water is quickly removed as the formed sheet travels the length of the belt. It is. Typically, after a distance of 5 to 15 meters on the belt, the weight of the sheet itself is The sheet has been dehydrated enough to support it. Sheets are many It travels through a number of foils and rolls where more water is removed. this is Dry to about 11% moisture. The second stage of papermaking with starch is the "glue process". Here, the paper is glued And the starch slurry is applied to the sheet. Sheets again series Through foils and rolls. The sheet is dried on rollers and finished It can be removed from the press as an object. The third step involves coating the paper with a mixture of starch and thermoplastic molecules. No. For certain lines, this occurs after the gluing step. The new roll Can also be removed and remounted on another press for coating Can be A typical coating device has two blades that move across the width of the paper . These blades apply the coating material to two rolling drums. Paper is , Passing between the drum and the coating material (including starch and thermoplastic components) Move away from the drum on the paper. After the paper leaves the drum, it passes through many dryers. Spend. Once the paper has dried, two drums (one made of high density fiber and hand The other is a heated steel drum) containing a soft cale (soft cale ndar) ”. Paper passes between two drums and heated steel drum Sufficient heating to melt the thermoplastic components of the coating mixture And provide a firm gloss finish on the paper. Cellulose wood pulp fibers typically used in the above process are It is anionic in nature. To "wet end" slurry of cationic starch The addition of acts as an adhesive by crosslinking the pulp fibers via salt crosslinking. Follow Thus, a crosslinked polymer network is created, which comprises starch and cellulose fibers. including. Typically, the cationic starch used in the "wet end" is Or a trivalent amine or a tetravalent amine. These amino groups are used in wet mills (wet m iller) to the starch. The starch for surface gluing is applied after the sheet has left the "wet end". Used to give both strength and a smooth finish to like that Starch also prepares sheets to accept various coatings. Cheaper In the production of expensive grade paper and in the production of fiberboard, Flour is simply used as unmodified corn starch. High grade paper For this purpose, chemically modified starch is used. This is a smooth and uniform height on the paper Important for high quality surface applications. The starch is degraded, ie, has a higher order structure (heavy) in another gelatinous starch slurry. (Both ricks and crystallization). Deterioration on high quality paper Precipitation of the resulting starch causes local inconsistencies on the paper, which is unacceptable. In addition, degraded starch in the gluing press shuts down the line to clean the equipment. May need to be turned on. The starches most frequently used for gluing applications are, for example, hydroxyethyl Starch with a covalently attached neutral additive such as starch. This is wet grinding After being isolated in the plant, it is prepared by the reaction of ethylene oxide with starch. The function of the hydroxyethyl (or similar) additive is independent of its chemical properties Rather, it acts to provide steric hindrance, and thereby Inhibits structure formation. This steric hindrance is important for reducing degradation. Attachment The periodic bumps provided by the addendum disrupt the formation of higher order structures leading to degradation. Speed is the most important factor in papermaking. By limiting the press speed To make the starch uniform. Pressing is often performed below the speed of its full capacity You. Depending on the application, the starch slurry may have a solids between 3-15% (usually 5-6%). Body. The increase in solids is the amount of water that must be removed from the paper sheet being manufactured. Inevitably occurs. This allows the press to operate at high speed To Hydroxyethylated starch also has higher order with decreasing temperature or increasing concentration. Form the structure. The formation of higher-order structures on the surface of the paper is essential. Of the application to the sheet Later, the starch reforms some of these higher-order structures and provides structural strength, Create a uniform surface that facilitates ink and dye acceptance. However, higher-order The structure should not be formed in the slurry nor in the application device. Because Because this requires shutting down the production line to clean the degraded starch It is. The function of the hydroxyethyl group is to lower the temperature of the starch when degradation occurs, And / or increase its concentration. Processing line is already starch slurry Optimized for a specific temperature of the Allows for a higher carbohydrate content in the medium. The mixture applied to the paper sheet in the coating process is a hydroxyme Contains chilled starch and thermoplastic molecules. The most common thermoplastic molecules used are And latexes such as styrene butadiene. Function of hydroxyethyl starch Is as described above. The function of the thermoplastic molecule is to create a high-grade glossy finish on paper. It is to form. This results in increased ability to take up inks and dyes And generally improves the degradability of the printed sheet. Based on the above, in papermaking modified starches that are functionally similar to the modified starches There is a need for a powder substitute. Further, substitution of modified starch with less tendency for deterioration You need to provide things. In addition, faster than current methods, and the press A method of paper production that can operate closer to their full capacity speed. Must be provided. In addition, investments that are environmentally friendly and require chemical treatment There is a need to provide a method of making paper that does not contain input material. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to reduce the tendency for deterioration when used in papermaking. It is to provide a substitute for the modified starch. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a faster and more efficient paper than existing methods. Is to provide a method for producing the same. A further object of the present invention is that it does not require the expensive chemical modification required by starch , To provide a substitute for starch in papermaking. A further object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing greener paper than existing methods. Is to provide the law. A further object of the present invention is that it is currently used in the coating process during papermaking. Is to provide a substitute for certain thermoplastic molecules. Summary of the Invention The invention is used as a substitute for modified starch and / or latex in papermaking. Provide a glucan that can be used. The glucan of the present invention is a Streptococcus mutans species Produced by the enzyme glucosyltransferase C ("GTF C"), and It is functionally similar to the modified starch currently used in papermaking. Guru of the present invention Cans are also thermoplastic molecules currently used in the paper coating process. Exhibit similar physical properties to The invention also utilizes the glucans of the invention, which are biologically produced input materials. The present invention provides a method for producing paper for use. Therefore, the method is suitable for producing chemical effluents. It is more cost-effective and environmentally friendly than current methods that require input. Detailed description of the invention As used herein, “glucan” is a combination of α (1 → 3) and α (1 → 6). And a glucose polymer having a branch α (1 → 3,6). As used herein, "amyloplast" refers to starch in plant storage tissue. Means accumulating organelles. As used herein, "vacuum" is a cellular compartment restricted by the vacuolar membrane. Means painting. Streptococcus mutans are endogenous in the oral cavity and colonize tooth enamel It is a seed to do. For example, Kuramitsu et al., "Characterization of Extracellular G lucosyl Transferase Activity of Streptococcus-mutans, ''Infect . Immun.; No. 12 (4); 738-749; (1975); and Yamashita et al., "Role of the Streptococcu s-Mutans-gtf Genes in Caries Induction in the Specific-Pathogen-Free Rat Model "Infect . Immun.61 (9); 3811-3817; (1993); The entire specification is incorporated by reference. Streptococcus mutans sp. Glucosyltrans which makes various extracellular glucans using sucrose Secretes ferrase C ("GTF C") enzyme. For example, Hanada et al., "Isolation and Characterization of the Streptococcus mutans gtfc Gene, Coding for Synt hesis of Both Soluble and Insoluble Glucans, "Infect. Immun .; Vol. 56 (8); 1 999-2005; (1988); and Kametaka et al., "Purification and characterization. of Glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus-mutans OMZ176 with Chromatofoc using, "Microbios51 (206); 29-36; (1978); both are herein incorporated by reference. In its entirety is incorporated by reference. Both soluble and insoluble glucans are synthesized and the causative protein The quality has been isolated and characterized. For example, Aoki et al., "Cloning of a S treptococcus-mutans Glucosyltransferase Gene Coding for Insoluble Glucan Synthesis.Infect. Immun; 53 (3); 587-594; (1986): Shimamura et al., "Ide ntification of Amino Acid Residues in Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltrans ferases Influencing the Structure of the Glucan Produced, "J. Bacteriol.; 176 (16); 48445-50; (1994); and Kametaka et al., "Purification and C haracterization of Glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus-: mutans OMZ176 with Chromat of ocusing, "Microbios; 51 (206); 29-36; (1987). All of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The protein involved is large (about 155 kDa) and the glycosyl moiety of sucrose Transfer of α to an acceptor glucan via α (1 → 3) bond and α (1 → 6) bond To catalyze. See, for example, Wenham et al., "Regulation of Glucosyl Transferase and F. r uctosyl Transferase Synthesis by Continuous Cultures of Streptococcus-mu tans, "J. Gen. Microbiol. 114 (1); 117-124; (1979); Fu et al., "M. altodextrin Acceptor Reactions of Streptococcus-mutans 6715 glucosyltran sferases, "Carbohydr . Res .;217: 210; 210-211; (1991); and Bhattacharj ee et al., `` Formation of Alpha− (1 → 6), Alpha− (1 → 3), and Alpha (1 → 2) Glycosidi c Linkages by Dextransucrase from Streptococcus Sanguis in Accept or-Dep endent Reactions, "Carbohydr . Res.; 242; 191-201; (1993). All of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Genes involved in glucan synthesis have been isolated and sequenced. Shim amura et al. (cited above herein) and Russel et al., "Expression of a Gen. e for Glucan-binding Protein from Streptococcus-mutans in `` Escherichia-c oli, "J. Gen. Microbiol; 131 (2); 295-300; (1985); Russell et al., "Chara cterization of Glucosyltransferase Expressed from a Streptococcus-Sobri nus Gene Cloned in Escherichia-coli, "J. Gen. Microbiol.; 133 (4); 935- 944; (1987); and Shiroza et al., "Sequence Analysis of the gtfc Gene fromStreptococcus mutans, "J. Bacteriol. ; 169 (9); 4263-4270 (1987) All of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. The structure of glucan produced by the GTF C enzyme is found in any given glucan. The distribution of α (1 → 3), α (1 → 6), and α (1 → 3,6) is there. Gene encoding GTF C naturally occurring in plants such as maize Transformation provides amyloplasts and vacuoles with the novel composition. GTF C enzyme activity incorporated into amyloplasts and / or vacuoles is the same. Leads to the accumulation of starch and glucan in myloplasts and / or vacuoles. deterioration Indicates that some of the starch molecules interact and are subsequently interchain or intrachain It occurs when forming a box. Helix in a mixture of starch and glucan The frequency of starch-starch interactions leading to water formation is reduced. Made from mixed polymer The resulting paste is less prone to degradation as a result. This is especially true for the starch phase. In a starch-accumulating mutant putative as a transformation target with reduced relative proportion Is true. Maize corn amyloplast and / or maize by transgenic GTF C enzyme Glucans produced in the vacuole or in vacuoles are subject to chemical modifications as required by starch. It can work in paper processing without. As a result, polymer solutions have changed fluidology And has a lower tendency to degrade than starch. Glucan branches Modifications that are in shape and irregular, and have comparable or superior potency Starch may be substituted. These are any expensive chemical modifications such as those required by starch. No change is needed. For coating application, the glucan of the present invention has the above advantages. In addition, it exhibits thermoplastic properties. Wild type GTF C is useful in producing glucans according to the present invention. GTF C enzymes are well known. For example, Shimamura et al., Et al., Cited herein above. And Hanada et al. The glucan produced is used in the papermaking coating process. It is particularly useful as a substitute for the modified starch in the above. The glucan of the present invention also comprises As a substitute for thermoplastic molecules such as tex (eg, styrene butadiene) Useful. The glucans of the present invention affect the high finish on paper, and Increases the ability of the paper to accept dyes and dyes, and generally improves disintegration on printed sheets I do. The glucan of the present invention is preferably a transgenic corn, potato Potato, cassava, sweet potato, rye, barley, wheat, sweet sorghum , Oats, millet, triticale, sugarcane and rice. More preferably, the glucans of the invention are corn, potato, sugarcane , Cassava or sweet potato. Even more preferably, the book The glucans of the invention are produced in corn or potato. Most favorable Preferably, the glucan of the present invention is produced in corn. In a highly preferred embodiment of the present invention, a corn deficient in starch biosynthesis A strain is transformed with the mutant GTF C gene. Such strains are naturally occurring Corn mutants (i.e., shTwo, BtTwo, Bt1) Or wild type corn Trans engineered to accumulate lower amounts of starch in endosperm when compared tof the ADP-glucose Pyrophosphorylase in Transgenic Potatoes Leads to Suga r-Storing Tubers and Influences Tuber Formation and Expression of Tuber Storage Protein Genes, "The EMBO Journal; 11 (4); 1229-1238; (1992); And Creech, "Carbohydrate Synthesis in Maize."Advances in Agronomy;No. 2 0; pages 275-322; (1968); both herein incorporated by reference in their entirety. Be used as a helper. The glucan of the present invention is produced according to a transformation method well known in the art. Therefore, they do not form a part of the present invention. The compounds of the present invention can be transcribed and translated. Expression gene containing a synthetic gene that produces a GTF enzyme that produces the desired glucan. It is synthesized by inserting a set. Appropriate regulatory sequences for plant expression of desired sequences Such empty expression cassettes that provide for Nucleotide sequences (either RNA or DNA) can be found in standard textbooks and And can be readily derived from the amino acid sequence of the protein using the references provided. The synthetic gene described above preferably uses plant-preffered codons, Enhances the expression of the desired protein. The following description further describes the compositions of the present invention and methods of making and using them. An example is shown below. However, other methods equally known to those skilled in the art may also be used. Is understood. The gene encoding the enzyme or variant of the invention is inserted into an appropriate expression cassette And can be introduced into cells of a plant species. Therefore, especially preferred of this method A preferred embodiment is a transcription promoter sequence and an initiator that are active in a plant. Mutant or wild-type gene in the appropriate reading frame with the Inserting the DNA sequence encoding the type gene into the genome of the plant. Adjustment Transcription and translation of DNA sequences under sequence control results in increased amounts of proteins in plant tissues. This results in expression of the protein sequence at a level that provides protein. Next, a synthetic DNA sequence encoding the appropriate sequence of amino acids in the GTF C protein And the synthetic DNA sequence can be inserted into a suitable plant expression cassette. obtain. Plant expression cassettes and vectors applicable to the present invention are well known in the art. is there. The term "expression cassette" refers to the structure in which they are in the appropriate reading frame. A promoter sequence that functions in plant cells when flanked by genes, And the complete set of control sequences, including termination sequences and termination sequences. Expression The cassette has suitable restriction sites for cleavage and insertion of any desired structural genes. Frequently and preferably. The cloned gene is It is important to have the start codon in the correct reading frame. The term "vector" herein is capable of replicating in a host cell and Means a DNA sequence capable of expressing the next gene. Typically, the vector is a suitable yeast One or more restriction endonucleases that can be cleaved in a manner expected by the use of It has a zeta recognition site. Such vectors are preferably antibiotics and herbicides. It is constructed to include additional structural gene sequences that confer drug resistance, And serves as a marker for identifying and isolating transformed cells. preferable Markers / selective agents include kanamycin, chlorosulfuron, phos Phonothricin, hygromycin, and methotrexate including. Cells in which foreign genetic material in the vector is functionally expressed It has been more "transformed" and is referred to as a "transformant". Particularly preferred vectors are plasmids. A plasmid is one of the chromosomes of a cell Means circular double-stranded DNA that is not a part. As described above, both genomic DNA and cDNA encoding the gene of interest It can be used in the invention. The gene of interest may also be partially And can be constructed in part from genomic clones. The gene of interest has been isolated Contain the regulatory sequences necessary to provide efficient expression of the gene in the host cell. A genetic construct is created. According to the present invention, the gene construct comprises (a) A gene sequence encoding a protein or trait; (b) one of the structural genes of interest One or more regulatory sequences operably linked to the Typically, the adjustment arrangement The row is selected from the group consisting of a promoter and a terminator. Regulatory sequence Can be from autologous or heterogeneous sources. A gene comprising the structural gene of the mutant of the present invention operably linked to a desired control sequence. The current cassette can be ligated into a suitable cloning vector. Generally, host Plasmid vector containing replication and control sequences from a cell-compatible species Or viral (bacteriophage) vectors are used. Cloning Vectors typically have an origin of replication, as well as a phenotype in the transformed host cell. It has a specific gene that can provide a selectable marker. Typically, an antibiotic or Genes that confer resistance to selective herbicides are used. Genetic material in target cells After being introduced into, successfully transformed cells and / or colonies of cells , Can be isolated by selection based on these markers. Typically, intermediate host cells are used in the practice of the present invention to The copy number of the vector is increased. As the copy number increases, Such vectors can be isolated in significant amounts for introduction into the desired plant cells. Host cells that can be used in the practice of the present invention include prokaryotic cells (eg, E. coli, S. including bacterial hosts such as .typhimurium and Serratia marcescens). Yeast Eukaryotic hosts, such as mother or filamentous fungi, can also be used in the present invention. Since these hosts are also microorganisms, they cause protein expression in bacteria. It is essential to ensure that no plant promoter is used in that vector It is. The isolated cloning vector is then implanted in cell or tissue culture. Containing at least one copy of the DNA sequence of the product expression cassette as foreign DNA To provide the transgenic plant cells, the cells into monocotyledonous or dicotyledonous plant-derived cells Clotroporation (in protoplasts), retroviruses, irradiation, Into plant cells using any suitable technique, including microinjection and microinjection. Is entered. Using known techniques, protoplasts can be regenerated and Is a tissue culture that contains and expresses the gene for the protein according to the invention. It can be regenerated to form fertile plants of the body. Therefore, the very preferred of the present invention An embodiment is a transformed corn plant, wherein the cells have a GTF C protein. Contains at least one copy of the DNA sequence of the expression cassette as foreign DNA. The plant vector not provided herein is taken in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. And then transfer the vector into sensitive plant cells, mainly from dicotyledonous species. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that Therefore, the present invention A method to introduce GTF C into Agrobacterium tumefaciens-sensitive dicotyledonous plants Provided, where the expression cassette infects cells with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. By introducing the plant expression cassette of the present invention into the cell. It has been modified to include: For example, potato plants are transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Can produce the glucan of the present invention. The transformation cassette is a patatin promoter Followed by the GTF C coding sequence and the neomycin phosphotransferase poly Includes adenylation site / terminator. For example, Utsumi et al., Expression and Accumulation for Normal and Modified Soybean Glycinins in Potato Tubers , "Plant Science; 102 (2); 181-188; (1994); (Limerick); This is incorporated by reference in its entirety. Transgenic cassettes are shaped Placed in the transformation vector. For example, BIN19, or a derivative thereof, is available from Agrobac Useful for transformation via terium tumefaciens. For example, Visser et al. `` Transformation of Homozygous Diploid Potato with an Agrobacterium-tume faciens Binary Vector System by Adventitious Shoot Regeneration on Leaf and Stem Segments, "Plant Mol . Biol.; 12 (3); 329-338; (1989). The entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. For corn transformation vectors, the promoter is specific for expression. And any promoter restricted to endosperm cells. 22 kDa zein, opaqu Includes those encoding any of e2, gamma zein and waxy. These are GT Endogenous terminator or heterologous PINII terminator leading to the F C gene -Followed. The GTF C protein is expressed in corn endosperm amylopras using the appropriate translocation sequence. Directed to strike. Enzyme in amyloplast to accumulate in amyloplast The translocation sequence useful in directing to ribose is ribulose diphosphate carboxy. Rase small subunit, waxy, brittle-1, and chlorophyll AB-binding protein Including but not limited to quality. The transition sequence consists of the promoter and GTF C code Aligned with the sequence and fused with the GTF C component in the translation reading frame Is done. Transfers useful in directing the enzyme to the vacuole for accumulation in the vacuole Row arrays are well known in the art. For vacuole targeting, see, for example, Ebsk amp et al., `` Accumulation of Fructose Polymers in Transgenic Tobacco, ''Bio / t echnology 12; 272-275; (1994); incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Incorporated as. For transformation and regeneration of corn, see, for example, Armstrong, C., (1994) `` Regeneration of Plants from Somatic Cell Cultures: Applications for in vitro Genetic Manipulation, ''The Maize HandbookEd., Freeling et al., Pp. 663-671; , Which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Once a given plant has been transformed, the synthesized glucan is known to those skilled in the art. It can be isolated by standard methods. In this way the transgenic plant smells The resulting glucan can be used in place of the modified starch, and glue and / or Or it can be utilized in a coating process. Useful in coating process See, for example, Heiser et al., "Starch Formations,"Starch and S tarch Products in Paper Coating ; Kearney et al., Pp. 147-162; (1990); Tappi Pres s; hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The glucans of the present invention comprise from about 4 to about 15% by weight, more preferably from about 5 to about 12% by weight, Also preferably, it is utilized in an amount of about 6 to about 8% by weight. 100% by weight Is defined as grams of molecule for the coating solution of The glucan of the present invention completely replaces starch and / or latex molecules Or a mixture of starch-glucan or latex-glucan The compound is used in the slurry. In coating application, glucan: The starch ratio is preferably from about 10:90 to about 100: 0; more preferably from about 40:60 to about 100: 0; Still more preferably in the range of about 60:40 to about 100: 0; most preferably in the range of about 100: 0. G The lucan: latex ratio is preferably from about 10:90 to about 100: 0; more preferably about 40: 6. 0 to about 100: 0; more preferably about 60:40 to about 100: 0; most preferably about 100: 0. Range. All publications cited in this application are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Show. All publications are referenced by their respective publications or patent applications. To the same extent as reference herein, as specifically and individually indicated to Incorporated. Modifications to the above embodiments are within the ability of those skilled in the art, and Such modifications do not depart from the scope of the invention as set forth in the following claims.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.7 識別記号 ＦＩ テーマコート゛(参考） Ｄ２１Ｈ 19/10 Ｄ２１Ｈ 19/10 // Ｃ１２Ｎ 15/09 Ｃ１２Ｎ 15/00 Ａ (81)指定国 ＥＰ(ＡＴ，ＢＥ，ＣＨ，ＤＥ， ＤＫ，ＥＳ，ＦＩ，ＦＲ，ＧＢ，ＧＲ，ＩＥ，ＩＴ，Ｌ Ｕ，ＭＣ，ＮＬ，ＰＴ，ＳＥ)，ＯＡ(ＢＦ，ＢＪ，ＣＦ ，ＣＧ，ＣＩ，ＣＭ，ＧＡ，ＧＮ，ＭＬ，ＭＲ，ＮＥ， ＳＮ，ＴＤ，ＴＧ)，ＡＰ(ＫＥ，ＬＳ，ＭＷ，ＳＤ，Ｓ Ｚ，ＵＧ)，ＥＡ(ＡＭ，ＡＺ，ＢＹ，ＫＧ，ＫＺ，ＭＤ ，ＲＵ，ＴＪ，ＴＭ)，ＡＬ，ＡＭ，ＡＴ，ＡＵ，ＡＺ ，ＢＢ，ＢＧ，ＢＲ，ＢＹ，ＣＡ，ＣＨ，ＣＮ，ＣＺ， ＤＥ，ＤＫ，ＥＥ，ＥＳ，ＦＩ，ＧＢ，ＧＥ，ＨＵ，Ｉ Ｌ，ＩＳ，ＪＰ，ＫＥ，ＫＧ，ＫＰ，ＫＲ，ＫＺ，ＬＫ ，ＬＲ，ＬＳ，ＬＴ，ＬＵ，ＬＶ，ＭＤ，ＭＧ，ＭＫ， ＭＮ，ＭＷ，ＭＸ，ＮＯ，ＮＺ，ＰＬ，ＰＴ，ＲＯ，Ｒ Ｕ，ＳＤ，ＳＥ，ＳＧ，ＳＩ，ＳＫ，ＴＪ，ＴＭ，ＴＲ ，ＴＴ，ＵＡ，ＵＧ，ＵＺ，ＶＮ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. 7 Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) D21H 19/10 D21H 19/10 // C12N 15/09 C12N 15/00 A (81) Designated country EP (AT , BE, CH, DE, DK, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE), OA (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA , GN, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG), AP (KE, LS, MW, SD, SZ, UG), EA (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, TM), AL, AM, AT, AU, AZ, BB, BG, BR, BY, CA, CH, CN, CZ, DE, DK, EE, ES, FI, GB, GE, HU, I L, IS, JP, KE, KG, KP, KR, KZ, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LV, MD, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, NO, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD, SE, SG, SI, SK, TJ, TM, TR, TT, UA, UG, UZ, VN
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1996/010191 WO1997047807A1 (en) | 1996-06-12 | 1996-06-12 | Substitutes for modified starch in paper manufacture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2000512348A true JP2000512348A (en) | 2000-09-19 |
Family
ID=22255318
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10501539A Pending JP2000512348A (en) | 1996-06-12 | 1996-06-12 | A substitute for modified starch in papermaking. |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0904454A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2000512348A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU729286B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2257622C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1997047807A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20170115552A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2017-10-17 | 렌찡 악티엔게젤샤프트 | Polysaccharide suspensions, methods for producing them, and uses thereof |
Families Citing this family (176)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CL2007003743A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-11 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | COMPOSITION THAT INCLUDES FENAMIDONA AND AN INSECTICIDE COMPOUND; AND METHOD TO CONTROL FITOPATOGENOS CULTURES AND INSECTS FACING OR PREVENTIVELY. |
| CL2007003744A1 (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2008-07-11 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | COMPOSITION THAT INCLUDES A 2-PYRIDILMETILBENZAMIDE DERIVATIVE AND AN INSECTICIDE COMPOUND; AND METHOD TO CONTROL FITOPATOGENOS CULTURES AND INSECTS FACING OR PREVENTIVELY. |
| EP1969929A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-17 | Bayer CropScience AG | Substituted phenylamidines and their use as fungicides |
| WO2008110280A2 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-18 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Phenoxy substituted phenylamidine derivatives and their use as fungicides |
| EP1969934A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-17 | Bayer CropScience AG | 4-cycloalkyl or 4-aryl substituted phenoxy phenylamidines and their use as fungicides |
| BRPI0808786A2 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2014-09-16 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | DI-HALOGENOPHENOXYPHYMYLAMIDINES AND ITS USE AS FUNGICIDES |
| US8080688B2 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2011-12-20 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | 3, 4-disubstituted phenoxyphenylamidines and use thereof as fungicides |
| EP1969930A1 (en) | 2007-03-12 | 2008-09-17 | Bayer CropScience AG | Phenoxy phenylamidines and their use as fungicides |
| US8168567B2 (en) | 2007-04-19 | 2012-05-01 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Thiadiazolyl oxyphenyl amidines and the use thereof as a fungicide |
| DE102007045920B4 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2018-07-05 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Synergistic drug combinations |
| DE102007045953B4 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2018-07-05 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Drug combinations with insecticidal and acaricidal properties |
| DE102007045919B4 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2018-07-05 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Drug combinations with insecticidal and acaricidal properties |
| DE102007045956A1 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-09 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Combination of active ingredients with insecticidal and acaricidal properties |
| DE102007045922A1 (en) | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-02 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Drug combinations with insecticidal and acaricidal properties |
| EP2090168A1 (en) | 2008-02-12 | 2009-08-19 | Bayer CropScience AG | Method for improving plant growth |
| EP2072506A1 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2009-06-24 | Bayer CropScience AG | Thiazolyloxyphenylamidine or thiadiazolyloxyphenylamidine und its use as fungicide |
| EP2168434A1 (en) | 2008-08-02 | 2010-03-31 | Bayer CropScience AG | Use of azols to increase resistance of plants of parts of plants to abiotic stress |
| CA2733958A1 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2010-02-18 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Insecticidal 4-phenyl-1h-pyrazoles |
| DE102008041695A1 (en) | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Methods for improving plant growth |
| EP2201838A1 (en) | 2008-12-05 | 2010-06-30 | Bayer CropScience AG | Active ingredient-beneficial organism combinations with insecticide and acaricide properties |
| EP2198709A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-23 | Bayer CropScience AG | Method for treating resistant animal pests |
| EP2223602A1 (en) | 2009-02-23 | 2010-09-01 | Bayer CropScience AG | Method for improved utilisation of the production potential of genetically modified plants |
| EP2204094A1 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-07 | Bayer CropScience AG | Method for improved utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants Introduction |
| WO2010075966A1 (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2010-07-08 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Method for improved use of the production potential of genetically modified plants |
| EP2039771A2 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-03-25 | Bayer CropScience AG | Method for improved utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants |
| EP2039770A2 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-03-25 | Bayer CropScience AG | Method for improved utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants |
| EP2039772A2 (en) | 2009-01-06 | 2009-03-25 | Bayer CropScience AG | Method for improved utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants introduction |
| WO2010081689A2 (en) | 2009-01-19 | 2010-07-22 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Cyclic diones and their use as insecticides, acaricides and/or fungicides |
| EP2227951A1 (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2010-09-15 | Bayer CropScience AG | Application of enaminocarbonyl compounds for combating viruses transmitted by insects |
| CN102300852B (en) | 2009-01-28 | 2015-04-22 | 拜尔农科股份公司 | Fungicide N-cycloalkyl-N-bicyclicmethylene-carboxamide derivatives |
| AR075126A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 | 2011-03-09 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | METHOD FOR THE BEST USE OF THE TRANSGENIC PLANTS PRODUCTION POTENTIAL |
| CN102317259B (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2015-12-02 | 拜尔农科股份公司 | Fungicidal N-(phenylcycloalkyl) carboxylic acid amides, N-(benzylic cycloalkyl group) carboxylic acid amides and thiocarboxamide derivative |
| EP2218717A1 (en) | 2009-02-17 | 2010-08-18 | Bayer CropScience AG | Fungicidal N-((HET)Arylethyl)thiocarboxamide derivatives |
| TW201031331A (en) | 2009-02-19 | 2010-09-01 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Pesticide composition comprising a tetrazolyloxime derivative and a fungicide or an insecticide active substance |
| EP2232995A1 (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-29 | Bayer CropScience AG | Method for improved utilisation of the production potential of transgenic plants |
| CN102448304B (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2015-03-11 | 拜尔农作物科学股份公司 | Active ingredient combinations having insecticidal and acaricidal properties |
| MX2011009830A (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2011-10-06 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Active ingredient combinations with insecticidal and acaricidal properties. |
| JP5462354B2 (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2014-04-02 | バイエル・クロップサイエンス・アーゲー | Active ingredient combinations with insecticidal and acaricidal properties |
| EA020314B9 (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2015-03-31 | Байер Кропсайенс Аг | Pesticidal combinations of biologically active ingredients |
| BRPI0924986A8 (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2016-06-21 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | "COMBINATIONS OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES WITH INSECTICIDE AND ACARICIDE PROPERTIES, THEIR USES AND METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF ANIMAL PESTS". |
| EP2239331A1 (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-13 | Bayer CropScience AG | Method for improved utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants |
| WO2010127797A2 (en) | 2009-05-06 | 2010-11-11 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Cyclopentanedione compounds and their use as insecticides, acaricides and/or fungicides |
| AR076839A1 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2011-07-13 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | FUNGICIDE DERIVATIVES OF PIRAZOL CARBOXAMIDAS |
| EP2251331A1 (en) | 2009-05-15 | 2010-11-17 | Bayer CropScience AG | Fungicide pyrazole carboxamides derivatives |
| EP2255626A1 (en) | 2009-05-27 | 2010-12-01 | Bayer CropScience AG | Use of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors to increase resistance of plants or parts of plants to abiotic stress |
| EA023833B1 (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2016-07-29 | Байер Интеллектуэль Проперти Гмбх | Use of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors for controlling sclerotinia ssp. |
| IN2012DN01345A (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2015-06-05 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | |
| WO2011015524A2 (en) | 2009-08-03 | 2011-02-10 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Fungicide heterocycles derivatives |
| EP2292094A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-09 | Bayer CropScience AG | Active compound combinations |
| EP2343280A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 | 2011-07-13 | Bayer CropScience AG | Fungicide quinoline derivatives |
| US9000012B2 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2015-04-07 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Fungicide hydroximoyl-heterocycles derivatives |
| MX2012007540A (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2012-07-23 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Fungicidal hydroximoyl - tetrazole derivatives. |
| BR112012012107B1 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2019-08-20 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Compound, fungicidal composition and method for controlling plant pathogenic fungi |
| EA022553B1 (en) | 2010-01-22 | 2016-01-29 | Байер Интеллектуэль Проперти Гмбх | Use of biologically active ingredient combination, kit and composition comprising biologically active ingredient combination for controlling animal pests and method for improving utilization of production potential of transgenic plant |
| AR080443A1 (en) | 2010-03-04 | 2012-04-11 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | 2-AMIDOBENCIMIDAZOLES REPLACED WITH FLURUOALQUILO |
| EP2555619A2 (en) | 2010-04-06 | 2013-02-13 | Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH | Use of 4-phenylbutyric acid and/or the salts thereof for enhancing the stress tolerance of plants |
| BR112012025848A2 (en) | 2010-04-09 | 2015-09-08 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | The use of (1-cyanocyclopropyl) phenylphosphinic acid derivatives, its esters and / or salts thereof to increase the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress. |
| WO2011134912A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Fungicide hydroximoyl-heterocycles derivatives |
| WO2011134913A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Fungicide hydroximoyl-heterocycles derivatives |
| WO2011134911A2 (en) | 2010-04-28 | 2011-11-03 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Fungicide hydroximoyl-tetrazole derivatives |
| UA110703C2 (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2016-02-10 | Байєр Кропсайнс Аг | Fungicidal n-[(trisubstitutedsilyl)methyl]carboxamide |
| WO2011151369A1 (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2011-12-08 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | N-[(het)arylethyl)] pyrazole(thio)carboxamides and their heterosubstituted analogues |
| AU2011260333B2 (en) | 2010-06-03 | 2014-07-24 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | N-[(het)arylalkyl)] pyrazole (thio)carboxamides and their heterosubstituted analogues |
| MX347575B (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2017-05-03 | Bayer Cropscience N V * | Methods and means to modify a plant genome at a nucleotide sequence commonly used in plant genome engineering. |
| EP2580336B1 (en) | 2010-06-09 | 2017-05-10 | Bayer CropScience NV | Methods and means to modify a plant genome at a nucleotide sequence commonly used in plant genome engineering |
| US9173399B2 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2015-11-03 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Benzocycloalkenes as antifungal agents |
| AU2011298423B2 (en) | 2010-09-03 | 2015-11-05 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Substituted fused pyrimidinones and dihydropyrimidinones |
| WO2012038476A1 (en) | 2010-09-22 | 2012-03-29 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Use of active ingredients for controlling nematodes in nematode-resistant crops |
| EP2460406A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | Bayer CropScience AG | Use of fluopyram for controlling nematodes in nematode resistant crops |
| PE20131399A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 | 2013-12-16 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION INCLUDING A TETRAZOLILOXIMA DERIVATIVE AND A THIAZOLYLPIPERIDINE DERIVATIVE |
| RU2013123057A (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2014-11-27 | Байер Интеллекчуал Проперти Гмбх | N-BENZYL HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXAMIDES |
| JP2013541553A (en) | 2010-10-21 | 2013-11-14 | バイエル・インテレクチユアル・プロパテイー・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー | 1- (Heterocycliccarbonyl) piperidines |
| EP2635564B1 (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2017-04-26 | Bayer Intellectual Property GmbH | N-hetarylmethyl pyrazolylcarboxamides |
| BR112013012081A2 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2016-07-19 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | 5-halopyrazole (thio) carboxamides |
| CN103313971B (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2015-12-02 | 拜耳知识产权有限责任公司 | N-arylpyrazole (sulfo-) methane amide |
| BR112013012082A2 (en) | 2010-11-15 | 2016-07-19 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | 5-halopyrazole carboxamides |
| BR112013013670A2 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2016-07-12 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | use of fluopiram to control nematodes in crops |
| EP2460407A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2012-06-06 | Bayer CropScience AG | Agent combinations comprising pyridylethyl benzamides and other agents |
| WO2012089757A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-05 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Fungicide hydroximoyl-tetrazole derivatives |
| EP2474542A1 (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-11 | Bayer CropScience AG | Fungicide hydroximoyl-tetrazole derivatives |
| EP2471363A1 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | Bayer CropScience AG | Use of aryl-, heteroaryl- and benzylsulfonamide carboxylic acids, -carboxylic acid esters, -carboxylic acid amides and -carbonitriles and/or its salts for increasing stress tolerance in plants |
| EP2494867A1 (en) | 2011-03-01 | 2012-09-05 | Bayer CropScience AG | Halogen-substituted compounds in combination with fungicides |
| JP2014513061A (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2014-05-29 | バイエル・インテレクチユアル・プロパテイー・ゲー・エム・ベー・ハー | Use of lipochito-oligosaccharide compounds to protect seed safety of treated seeds |
| BR112013023502A2 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2016-08-02 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | compound (i), fungicidal composition, method for the control of crop phytopathogenic fungi, use of the compounds of formula (i) and process for producing the compositions |
| BR112013025871A2 (en) | 2011-04-08 | 2016-07-26 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | compound of formula (i) and its use, composition for controlling phytopathogenic fungi, method for controlling phytopathogenic fungi of crops and process for producing compositions |
| AR085568A1 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2013-10-09 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | 5- (BICYCLE [4.1.0] HEPT-3-EN-2-IL) -PENTA-2,4-DIENOS AND 5- (BICYCLE [4.1.0] HEPT-3-EN-2-IL) -PENT- 2-IN-4-INOS REPLACED AS ACTIVE PRINCIPLES AGAINST ABIOTIC STRESS OF PLANTS |
| AR090010A1 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2014-10-15 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | 5- (CICLOHEX-2-EN-1-IL) -PENTA-2,4-DIENOS AND 5- (CICLOHEX-2-EN-1-IL) -PENT-2-EN-4-INOS REPLACED AS ACTIVE PRINCIPLES AGAINST THE ABIOTIC STRESS OF PLANTS, USES AND TREATMENT METHODS |
| AR085585A1 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2013-10-09 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | VINIL- AND ALQUINILCICLOHEXANOLES SUBSTITUTED AS ACTIVE PRINCIPLES AGAINST STRIPS ABIOTIQUE OF PLANTS |
| EP2511255A1 (en) | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-17 | Bayer CropScience AG | Substituted prop-2-in-1-ol and prop-2-en-1-ol derivatives |
| PT2997825T (en) | 2011-04-22 | 2019-03-25 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Active compound compositions comprising a (thio)carboxamide derivative and a fungicidal compound |
| AU2012266597B2 (en) | 2011-06-06 | 2016-09-22 | Bayer Cropscience Nv | Methods and means to modify a plant genome at a preselected site |
| WO2013004652A1 (en) | 2011-07-04 | 2013-01-10 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Use of substituted isoquinolinones, isoquinolindiones, isoquinolintriones and dihydroisoquinolinones or in each case salts thereof as active agents against abiotic stress in plants |
| AU2012293636B2 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2015-12-03 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Active compound combinations comprising specific tetramic acid derivatives |
| WO2013026836A1 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2013-02-28 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Fungicide hydroximoyl-tetrazole derivatives |
| CN107287234A (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2017-10-24 | 拜尔作物科学公司 | The ways and means of modified plant genome |
| EP2561759A1 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2013-02-27 | Bayer Cropscience AG | Fluoroalkyl-substituted 2-amidobenzimidazoles and their effect on plant growth |
| WO2013034621A1 (en) | 2011-09-09 | 2013-03-14 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Acyl-homoserine lactone derivatives for improving plant yield |
| JP6002225B2 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2016-10-05 | バイエル・インテレクチュアル・プロパティ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツングＢａｙｅｒ Ｉｎｔｅｌｌｅｃｔｕａｌ Ｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｙ ＧｍｂＨ | Bactericidal 4-substituted-3- {phenyl [(heterocyclylmethoxy) imino] methyl} -1,2,4-oxadiazol-5 (4H) -one derivatives |
| BR112014006208B1 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2018-10-23 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | method of inducing plant growth regulating responses by increasing yield of useful plants or crop plants and plant yield enhancing composition comprising isoxadifen-ethyl or isoxadifen and fungicide combination |
| AR087874A1 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2014-04-23 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | USE OF ACILSULPHONAMIDES TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF PLANTS |
| IN2014CN01860A (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2015-05-29 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | |
| US9226505B2 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2016-01-05 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | 4-substituted 1-phenylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as agents against abiotic plant stress |
| CA2844868A1 (en) | 2011-10-04 | 2013-04-11 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Rnai for the control of fungi and oomycetes by inhibiting saccharopine dehydrogenase gene |
| WO2013050324A1 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-11 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Combination, containing 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-pba) or a salt thereof (component (a)) and one or more selected additional agronomically active compounds (component(s) (b)), that reduces abiotic plant stress |
| US9617286B2 (en) | 2011-11-21 | 2017-04-11 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Fungicide N-[(trisubstitutedsilyl)methyl]-carboxamide derivatives |
| BR112014013031A2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2017-06-13 | Bayer Ip Gmbh | compost, fungicidal composition and method for fungal control |
| CN104270946B (en) | 2011-12-19 | 2017-05-10 | 拜耳农作物科学股份公司 | Use of anthranilic acid diamide derivatives for pest control in transgenic crops |
| US9556158B2 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2017-01-31 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Fungicidal 3-[(pyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino)(phenyl)methyl]-2-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(2H)-one derivatives |
| WO2013098146A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 | 2013-07-04 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Fungicidal 3-[(1,3-thiazol-4-ylmethoxyimino)(phenyl)methyl]-2-substituted-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(2h)-one derivatives |
| AU2013224170B2 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2016-11-03 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft | Use of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) for controlling wood diseases in grape. |
| PL2819518T3 (en) | 2012-02-27 | 2018-02-28 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Active compound combinations containing a thiazoylisoxazoline and a fungicide |
| WO2013139949A1 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-26 | Bayer Intellectual Property Gmbh | Compositions comprising a strigolactame compound for enhanced plant growth and yield |
| WO2013153143A1 (en) | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-17 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | N-acyl- 2 - (cyclo) alkylpyrrolidines and piperidines useful as fungicides |
| US20150080337A1 (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2015-03-19 | Bayer Cropscience | N-cycloalkyl-n-[(trisubstitutedsilylphenyl)methylene]-(thio)carboxamide derivatives |
| MX374868B (en) | 2012-04-20 | 2025-03-06 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | N-cycloalkyl-n-[(heterocyclylphenyl)methylene]-(thio)carboxamide derivatives |
| EP2841581B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2023-03-08 | BASF Agricultural Solutions Seed US LLC | Targeted genome engineering in plants |
| EP2662364A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | Bayer CropScience AG | Pyrazole tetrahydronaphthyl carboxamides |
| EP2662363A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | Bayer CropScience AG | 5-Halogenopyrazole biphenylcarboxamides |
| EP2847170B1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2017-11-08 | Bayer CropScience AG | Pyrazole indanyl carboxamides |
| EP2662360A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | Bayer CropScience AG | 5-Halogenopyrazole indanyl carboxamides |
| JP6326043B2 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2018-05-16 | バイエル・クロップサイエンス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 5-halogenopyrazole indanyl carboxamides |
| EP2662361A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | Bayer CropScience AG | Pyrazol indanyl carboxamides |
| EP2662370A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | Bayer CropScience AG | 5-Halogenopyrazole benzofuranyl carboxamides |
| EP2662362A1 (en) | 2012-05-09 | 2013-11-13 | Bayer CropScience AG | Pyrazole indanyl carboxamides |
| AR091104A1 (en) | 2012-05-22 | 2015-01-14 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | COMBINATIONS OF ACTIVE COMPOUNDS THAT INCLUDE A LIPO-CHYTOOLIGOSACARIDE DERIVATIVE AND A NEMATICIDE, INSECTICIDE OR FUNGICIDE COMPOUND |
| WO2014009322A1 (en) | 2012-07-11 | 2014-01-16 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Use of fungicidal combinations for increasing the tolerance of a plant towards abiotic stress |
| JP2015532650A (en) | 2012-09-05 | 2015-11-12 | バイエル・クロップサイエンス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Use of substituted 2-amidobenzimidazoles, 2-amidobenzoxazoles and 2-amidobenzothiazoles or their salts as active substances against abiotic plant stress |
| HUE037226T2 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2018-08-28 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Method for treating plants against fungi resistant to fungicides using carboxamide or thiocarboxamide derivatives |
| MX381528B (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2025-03-12 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | METHOD FOR IMPROVING ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS USING CARBOXAMIDE OR THIOCARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES. |
| UA114822C2 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2017-08-10 | Байєр Кропсайнс Аг | Active compound combinations comprising carboxamide derivatives |
| EA025669B1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2017-01-30 | Байер Кропсайенс Аг | Method of plant growth promotion using carboxamide derivatives |
| WO2014079957A1 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-30 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Selective inhibition of ethylene signal transduction |
| EP2735231A1 (en) | 2012-11-23 | 2014-05-28 | Bayer CropScience AG | Active compound combinations |
| CA2892702A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-05 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Binary fungicidal or pesticidal mixture |
| EP2925138A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2015-10-07 | Bayer CropScience AG | Ternary fungicidal and pesticidal mixtures |
| EA030235B1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2018-07-31 | Байер Кропсайенс Акциенгезельшафт | Ternary fungicidal mixtures |
| CA3082683A1 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-05 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Binary fungicidal mixtures |
| EP2925135A2 (en) | 2012-11-30 | 2015-10-07 | Bayer CropScience AG | Binary pesticidal and fungicidal mixtures |
| EP2740356A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-11 | Bayer CropScience AG | Substituted (2Z)-5(1-Hydroxycyclohexyl)pent-2-en-4-inic acid derivatives |
| EP2740720A1 (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2014-06-11 | Bayer CropScience AG | Substituted bicyclic and tricyclic pent-2-en-4-inic acid derivatives and their use for enhancing the stress tolerance in plants |
| CN105072903A (en) | 2012-12-05 | 2015-11-18 | 拜耳作物科学股份公司 | Use of substituted 1-(aryl ethynyl)-, 1-(heteroaryl ethynyl)-, 1-(heterocyclyl ethynyl)- and 1-(cyloalkenyl ethynyl)-cyclohexanols as active agents against abiotic plant stress |
| AR093909A1 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2015-06-24 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | USE OF ACTIVE INGREDIENTS TO CONTROL NEMATODES IN CULTURES RESISTANT TO NEMATODES |
| AR093996A1 (en) | 2012-12-18 | 2015-07-01 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | BACTERICIDAL COMBINATIONS AND BINARY FUNGICIDES |
| WO2014095677A1 (en) | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-26 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Difluoromethyl-nicotinic- tetrahydronaphtyl carboxamides |
| JP2016515100A (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2016-05-26 | バイエル・クロップサイエンス・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Bactericidal 3- {phenyl [(heterocyclylmethoxy) imino] methyl} -heterocyclic derivatives |
| CN105121650A (en) | 2013-04-02 | 2015-12-02 | 拜尔作物科学公司 | Targeted genome engineering in eukaryotes |
| KR20150142014A (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2015-12-21 | 바이엘 크롭사이언스 악티엔게젤샤프트 | Novel triazole derivatives |
| BR112015025331A2 (en) | 2013-04-12 | 2017-07-18 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | new triazolintiona derivatives |
| MX358633B (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2018-08-28 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Method for improved utilization of the production potential of transgenic plants involving the application of a phthaldiamide derivative. |
| BR112015025907A2 (en) | 2013-04-19 | 2017-07-25 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | binary insecticide or pesticide mixture |
| TW201507722A (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2015-03-01 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | N-(2-halogen-2-phenethyl)carboxamides as nematicides and endoparasiticides |
| WO2014177514A1 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Nematicidal n-substituted phenethylcarboxamides |
| BR112015031235A2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2017-07-25 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | n-cycloalkyl-n - [(bicyclyl-phenyl) methylene] - (thio) carboxamide derivatives |
| WO2015004040A1 (en) | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-15 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | Use of selected pyridone carboxamides or salts thereof as active substances against abiotic plant stress |
| WO2015082587A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-11 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | N-cycloalkyl-n-{[2-(1-substitutedcycloalkyl)phenyl]methylene}-(thio)carboxamide derivatives |
| CA2932484A1 (en) | 2013-12-05 | 2015-06-11 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft | N-cycloalkyl-n-{[2-(1-substitutedcycloalkyl)phenyl]methylene}-(thio)carboxamide derivatives |
| AR101214A1 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2016-11-30 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | CIANO-CICLOALQUILPENTA-2,4-DIENOS, CIANO-CICLOALQUILPENT-2-EN-4-INAS, CIANO-HETEROCICLILPENTA-2,4-DIENOS AND CYANO-HETEROCICLILPENT-2-EN-4-INAS REPLACED AS ACTIVE PRINCIPLES PLANTS ABIOTIC |
| AR103024A1 (en) | 2014-12-18 | 2017-04-12 | Bayer Cropscience Ag | SELECTED PYRIDONCARBOXAMIDS OR ITS SALTS AS ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AGAINST ABIOTIC PLANTS STRESS |
| US10214510B2 (en) | 2015-04-13 | 2019-02-26 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft | N-cycloalkyl-N-(biheterocyclylethylene)-(thio)carboxamide derivatives |
| AU2016279062A1 (en) | 2015-06-18 | 2019-03-28 | Omar O. Abudayyeh | Novel CRISPR enzymes and systems |
| US20190159451A1 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2019-05-30 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft | Active compound combinations and methods to protect the propagation material of plants |
| CN109715622A (en) | 2016-09-22 | 2019-05-03 | 拜耳作物科学股份公司 | New triazole derivative and its purposes as fungicide |
| WO2018054832A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 | 2018-03-29 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft | Novel triazole derivatives |
| US20190225974A1 (en) | 2016-09-23 | 2019-07-25 | BASF Agricultural Solutions Seed US LLC | Targeted genome optimization in plants |
| EP3531833A2 (en) | 2016-10-26 | 2019-09-04 | Bayer CropScience Aktiengesellschaft | Use of pyraziflumid for controlling sclerotinia spp in seed treatment applications |
| BR112019011616A2 (en) | 2016-12-08 | 2019-10-22 | Bayer Ag | use of insecticides to control larvae |
| WO2018108627A1 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-21 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft | Use of substituted indolinylmethyl sulfonamides, or the salts thereof for increasing the stress tolerance of plants |
| EP3332645A1 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-13 | Bayer Cropscience AG | Use of substituted pyrimidine diones or their salts as agents to combat abiotic plant stress |
| US11591601B2 (en) | 2017-05-05 | 2023-02-28 | The Broad Institute, Inc. | Methods for identification and modification of lncRNA associated with target genotypes and phenotypes |
| EP3625342B1 (en) | 2017-05-18 | 2022-08-24 | The Broad Institute, Inc. | Systems, methods, and compositions for targeted nucleic acid editing |
| WO2019025153A1 (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2019-02-07 | Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft | Use of substituted n-sulfonyl-n'-aryl diaminoalkanes and n-sulfonyl-n'-heteroaryl diaminoalkanes or salts thereof for increasing the stress tolerance in plants |
| WO2019060746A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 | 2019-03-28 | The Broad Institute, Inc. | Systems, methods, and compositions for targeted nucleic acid editing |
| US20230193242A1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2023-06-22 | The Broad Institute, Inc. | Cas12b systems, methods, and compositions for targeted dna base editing |
| US10968257B2 (en) | 2018-04-03 | 2021-04-06 | The Broad Institute, Inc. | Target recognition motifs and uses thereof |
| WO2019233863A1 (en) | 2018-06-04 | 2019-12-12 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Herbicidally active bicyclic benzoylpyrazoles |
| AU2019406778A1 (en) | 2018-12-17 | 2021-07-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Crispr-associated transposase systems and methods of use thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3442676A (en) * | 1965-12-29 | 1969-05-06 | Fmc Corp | Method of preparing a stable wax dispersion using beta-1,4 glucan |
| JPH06287887A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1994-10-11 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | Paper containing bacterial cellulose |
| JP3268057B2 (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 2002-03-25 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | Anti-counterfeit paper |
-
1996
- 1996-06-12 EP EP96925260A patent/EP0904454A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-06-12 CA CA002257622A patent/CA2257622C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-06-12 JP JP10501539A patent/JP2000512348A/en active Pending
- 1996-06-12 WO PCT/US1996/010191 patent/WO1997047807A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-06-12 AU AU65414/96A patent/AU729286B2/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20170115552A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2017-10-17 | 렌찡 악티엔게젤샤프트 | Polysaccharide suspensions, methods for producing them, and uses thereof |
| JP2018507293A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2018-03-15 | レンツィング アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Polysaccharide suspension, process for its preparation and use thereof |
| KR102777408B1 (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2025-03-05 | 듀폰 인더스트리얼 바이오사이언시스 유에스에이, 엘엘씨 | Polysaccharide suspension, method for producing same, and use thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2257622C (en) | 2003-02-11 |
| AU6541496A (en) | 1998-01-07 |
| AU729286B2 (en) | 2001-02-01 |
| CA2257622A1 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
| EP0904454A1 (en) | 1999-03-31 |
| WO1997047807A1 (en) | 1997-12-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2000512348A (en) | A substitute for modified starch in papermaking. | |
| US5712107A (en) | Substitutes for modified starch and latexes in paper manufacture | |
| EP0904453B1 (en) | Substitutes for modified starch in paper manufacture | |
| AU731229B2 (en) | Substitutes for modified starch in paper manufacture | |
| US7429657B2 (en) | DNA molecules encoding enzymes involved in starch synthesis, vectors, bacteria, transgenic plant cells and plants containing these molecules | |
| US6465203B2 (en) | Glucan-containing compositions and paper | |
| US6825342B1 (en) | Plant starch composition | |
| DE69133538T2 (en) | Tuber-specific promoter from potato | |
| WO2000008185A1 (en) | Nucleic acid molecule coding for beta-amylase, plants synthesizing a modified starch, method of production and applications | |
| DE19836097A1 (en) | Nucleic acid molecules coding for an alpha-glucosidase, plants that synthesize a modified starch, process for producing the plants, their use and the modified starch | |
| DE19836098A1 (en) | Plants that synthesize a modified starch, process for producing the plants, their use and the modified starch | |
| EP0851934A1 (en) | Plants which synthesise a modified starch, process for the production thereof and modified starch | |
| EP0900277A1 (en) | Nucleic acid molecules which code the potato debranching enzyme | |
| DE19924342A1 (en) | Genetically modified plant cells and plants with increased activity of an amylosucrase protein and a branching enzyme | |
| US5723764A (en) | Cellulose synthesis in the storage tissue of transgenic plants | |
| US6127602A (en) | Plant cells and plants transformed with streptococcus mutans genes encoding wild-type or mutant glucosyltransferase D enzymes | |
| EP1048730A2 (en) | Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase B mutants | |
| EP1048729A2 (en) | Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase D mutants | |
| DE19846635A1 (en) | New nucleic acid encoding a branching enzyme, useful for in vitro synthesis of branched glucans and to prepare transgenic plants producing modified starch |