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GB1503163A - Diffusion of gas in a liquid by bubble shearing - Google Patents

Diffusion of gas in a liquid by bubble shearing

Info

Publication number
GB1503163A
GB1503163A GB577975A GB577975A GB1503163A GB 1503163 A GB1503163 A GB 1503163A GB 577975 A GB577975 A GB 577975A GB 577975 A GB577975 A GB 577975A GB 1503163 A GB1503163 A GB 1503163A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
gas
microns
inch
slot
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
GB577975A
Other languages
English (en)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FMC Corp
Original Assignee
FMC Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US05441573 external-priority patent/US3927152A/en
Application filed by FMC Corp filed Critical FMC Corp
Publication of GB1503163A publication Critical patent/GB1503163A/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2373—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media for obtaining fine bubbles, i.e. bubbles with a size below 100 µm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2311—Mounting the bubbling devices or the diffusers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2311—Mounting the bubbling devices or the diffusers
    • B01F23/23114—Mounting the bubbling devices or the diffusers characterised by the way in which the different elements of the bubbling installation are mounted
    • B01F23/231142—Mounting the gas transporting elements, i.e. connections between conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23121—Diffusers having injection means, e.g. nozzles with circumferential outlet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23123—Diffusers consisting of rigid porous or perforated material
    • B01F23/231231—Diffusers consisting of rigid porous or perforated material the outlets being in the form of perforations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23125—Diffusers characterised by the way in which they are assembled or mounted; Fabricating the parts of the diffusers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B01F23/23126—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element
    • B01F23/231265—Diffusers characterised by the shape of the diffuser element being tubes, tubular elements, cylindrical elements or set of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237611—Air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237612—Oxygen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/237—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media
    • B01F23/2376—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids characterised by the physical or chemical properties of gases or vapours introduced in the liquid media characterised by the gas being introduced
    • B01F23/23761—Aerating, i.e. introducing oxygen containing gas in liquids
    • B01F23/237613—Ozone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B01F25/31421—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction the conduit being porous
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/20—Activated sludge processes using diffusers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
GB577975A 1974-02-11 1975-02-11 Diffusion of gas in a liquid by bubble shearing Expired GB1503163A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05441573 US3927152A (en) 1971-03-12 1974-02-11 Method and apparatus for bubble shearing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB1503163A true GB1503163A (en) 1978-03-08

Family

ID=23753426

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB577975A Expired GB1503163A (en) 1974-02-11 1975-02-11 Diffusion of gas in a liquid by bubble shearing

Country Status (6)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS50132568A (pt)
BR (1) BR7500831A (pt)
CA (1) CA1048173A (pt)
DE (1) DE2505572A1 (pt)
FR (1) FR2260375B1 (pt)
GB (1) GB1503163A (pt)

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US8633015B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2014-01-21 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Flow-based thermocycling system with thermoelectric cooler
US8663920B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2014-03-04 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Library characterization by digital assay
US8709762B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2014-04-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for hot-start amplification via a multiple emulsion
US8730479B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2014-05-20 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Detection system for droplet-based assays
US8951939B2 (en) 2011-07-12 2015-02-10 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Digital assays with multiplexed detection of two or more targets in the same optical channel
US9089844B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2015-07-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for forming emulsions
US9126160B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-09-08 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for forming an array of emulsions
US9132394B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-09-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for detection of spaced droplets
US9194861B2 (en) 2009-09-02 2015-11-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of mixing fluids by coalescence of multiple emulsions
US9222128B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2015-12-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Multiplexed digital assays with combinatorial use of signals
US9347059B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2016-05-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US9393560B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2016-07-19 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet transport system for detection
US9399215B2 (en) 2012-04-13 2016-07-26 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Sample holder with a well having a wicking promoter
US9417190B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-08-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Calibrations and controls for droplet-based assays
US9492797B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-11-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for detection of spaced droplets
US9500664B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2016-11-22 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet generation for droplet-based assays
US9598725B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2017-03-21 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Emulsion chemistry for encapsulated droplets
US9764322B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2017-09-19 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for generating droplets with pressure monitoring
CN110433676A (zh) * 2019-07-19 2019-11-12 中北大学 一种超重力微气泡发生装置及使用方法
US10512910B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2019-12-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet-based analysis method
US11130128B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2021-09-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Detection method for a target nucleic acid
US12090480B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2024-09-17 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Partition-based method of analysis
US12097495B2 (en) 2011-02-18 2024-09-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for detecting genetic material
US12162008B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2024-12-10 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Partition-based method of analysis
US12168231B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2024-12-17 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of analysis

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1531015A (en) * 1975-10-31 1978-11-01 Laurie A Aeration and mixing of liquids
EP0047921A1 (de) * 1980-09-15 1982-03-24 Menzel GmbH. + Co. Verfahren zum Belüften einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere Abwasser und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
JP2762372B2 (ja) * 1989-11-17 1998-06-04 株式会社小松製作所 微細気泡発生装置
FR2950823B1 (fr) 2009-10-06 2011-12-09 Inst Francais Du Petrole Reacteur a cocourant ascendant de gaz et de liquide faisant appel a un generateur de micro bulles
CN103203590B (zh) * 2012-01-17 2015-12-02 游利 一种新的电介质刻蚀机气体分配器加工工艺

Cited By (52)

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US9243288B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-01-26 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Cartridge with lysis chamber and droplet generator
US9764322B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2017-09-19 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for generating droplets with pressure monitoring
US12162008B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2024-12-10 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Partition-based method of analysis
US12090480B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2024-09-17 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Partition-based method of analysis
US11633739B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2023-04-25 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet-based assay system
US11612892B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2023-03-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of performing droplet-based assays
US9126160B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-09-08 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for forming an array of emulsions
US9132394B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-09-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for detection of spaced droplets
US9156010B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-10-13 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet-based assay system
US10258988B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2019-04-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Device for generating droplets
US9216392B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2015-12-22 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for forming an array of emulsions
US11130128B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2021-09-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Detection method for a target nucleic acid
US12168231B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2024-12-17 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of analysis
US10258989B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2019-04-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of making a device for generating droplets
US11130134B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2021-09-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of performing droplet-based assays
US8633015B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2014-01-21 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Flow-based thermocycling system with thermoelectric cooler
US9248417B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-02-02 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for droplet-based assays using an array of emulsions
US9417190B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-08-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Calibrations and controls for droplet-based assays
US9492797B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2016-11-15 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for detection of spaced droplets
US10512910B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2019-12-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet-based analysis method
US10279350B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2019-05-07 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of generating droplets
US9623384B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2017-04-18 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for transporting emulsions from an array to a detector
US9636682B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2017-05-02 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for generating droplets—instruments and cassette
US9649635B2 (en) 2008-09-23 2017-05-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for generating droplets with push-back to remove oil
US10677693B2 (en) 2009-09-02 2020-06-09 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for mixing fluids by coalescence of multiple emulsions
US10166522B2 (en) 2009-09-02 2019-01-01 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for mixing fluids by coalescence of multiple emulsions
US9194861B2 (en) 2009-09-02 2015-11-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of mixing fluids by coalescence of multiple emulsions
US11060136B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2021-07-13 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Emulsion chemistry for encapsulated droplets
US9598725B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2017-03-21 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Emulsion chemistry for encapsulated droplets
US11866771B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2024-01-09 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Emulsion chemistry for encapsulated droplets
US8709762B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2014-04-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for hot-start amplification via a multiple emulsion
US10378048B2 (en) 2010-03-02 2019-08-13 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Emulsion chemistry for encapsulated droplets
US12103005B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2024-10-01 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Method of emulsion formation and modification
US10272432B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2019-04-30 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Device for generating droplets
US9500664B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2016-11-22 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet generation for droplet-based assays
US10744506B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2020-08-18 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Device for generating droplets
US8730479B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2014-05-20 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Detection system for droplet-based assays
US9393560B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2016-07-19 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Droplet transport system for detection
US10099219B2 (en) 2010-03-25 2018-10-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Device for generating droplets
US9089844B2 (en) 2010-11-01 2015-07-28 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System for forming emulsions
US12097495B2 (en) 2011-02-18 2024-09-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for detecting genetic material
US9222128B2 (en) 2011-03-18 2015-12-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Multiplexed digital assays with combinatorial use of signals
US11939573B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2024-03-26 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US9347059B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2016-05-24 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US10190115B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2019-01-29 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US10760073B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2020-09-01 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US9885034B2 (en) 2011-04-25 2018-02-06 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Methods and compositions for nucleic acid analysis
US8951939B2 (en) 2011-07-12 2015-02-10 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Digital assays with multiplexed detection of two or more targets in the same optical channel
US8663920B2 (en) 2011-07-29 2014-03-04 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Library characterization by digital assay
US9399215B2 (en) 2012-04-13 2016-07-26 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Sample holder with a well having a wicking promoter
CN110433676B (zh) * 2019-07-19 2021-11-16 中北大学 一种超重力微气泡发生装置及使用方法
CN110433676A (zh) * 2019-07-19 2019-11-12 中北大学 一种超重力微气泡发生装置及使用方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR7500831A (pt) 1975-12-02
JPS50132568A (pt) 1975-10-20
FR2260375A1 (pt) 1975-09-05
DE2505572A1 (de) 1975-08-14
FR2260375B1 (pt) 1979-01-05
CA1048173A (en) 1979-02-06

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