FR3114335A1 - ELEMENT OF GUARDRAILS, IN PARTICULAR OF PANEL GUARDRAILS - Google Patents

Abstract

Railing element intended to be fixed to an upper edge of a wall such as an upper edge of formwork (6), the railing element comprising a barrier (1) and at least one support (7) , the barrier (1) forming a substantially planar unitary part, characterized in that the guardrail element comprises reversible locking means of the barrier (1) on the support (7). Figure 1

Description

ELEMENT OF GUARDRAILS, IN PARTICULAR OF PANEL GUARDRAILS

The invention relates to guardrails used in construction, and more particularly to formwork guardrails.

By formwork is here meant a formwork panel made of wood, metal or composite material, for the construction of reinforced concrete walls or concrete walls cast in place. Formwork also designates the formwork in which the reservations necessary for electrical conduits and control boxes are inserted.

Formwork here also designates excavation shielding and trench wall shielding. The formwork can be classified into two main categories: heavy formwork whose movement on site requires the use of mechanical means, and modular formwork which can be transported by hand.

The heavy forms have a height corresponding to that of the wall to be built and are provided with a corbelled work platform. Access to the platform is via a ladder and a hatch, or via a gate. Reference may be made, for example, to documents FR 3080133 (Sateco), FR 3077312 (Outinord), FR 3055643 (Hussor), FR 3033347 (Outinord), FR 3035133 (Sateco), FR 3016379 (Outinord), FR 3007779 ( Sateco), FR 2956426 (Hussor), FR 2717522 (Bouygues), EP 3206868 (Prot-t-co), EP 2599938 (Eurobress), EP 2400080 (Sateco). Corbelled work platforms are subject in France to standard NF P 93-351. These work platforms have a rear guardrail, a front guardrail and two gates or side barriers. The front guardrail forms protection against falls on the side of the formwork face of the formwork, for an operator present on the platform, for example when supervising the installation of reinforcement. In some embodiments, the front guardrail is retractable (see for example FR 3005702 Sateco or FR 2909698 Bouygues). To facilitate the transfer of formwork from one site to another, formwork has long been proposed whose service walkway with its guardrail is hinged between a deployed position for use and a folded position for transport or storage ( see for example FR2442936 Outinord).

Modular form panels do not include fall protection means in their structure. For modular formwork, the installation of a work floor and guardrails requires the use of assembly means, such as posts, slab clamps, blockers.

Safety against falls, in excavation linings and trench wall linings, is usually linked to the presence, near the edge of the trench or excavation, of site fences, for example site grids with concrete block Vauban stabilizer or barrier.

These site fences offer very little protection against people falling into excavations. The risk of falling in the excavations is all the more serious as the depth is important, the sliding shields allowing to carry out excavations up to twelve meters deep. The risk of falling is aggravated by the presence, between the shielding, of struts, jacks or supporting parts.

The use of posts and slab clamps is also known in the construction of buildings, for the installation of temporary guardrails. Reference may be made, for example, to documents FR 3005978 (Anteo), FR 2974377 (Jalmat).

Known techniques for the installation of temporary guardrails in building construction pose several problems, in particular for their installation on a formwork, and these problems will be presented below, based on a few examples.

Document FR 2666610 (Western Sealing Company) describes a support for a railing post, the support comprising a bent sheet metal plate and a cylindrical rod. The sheet is screwed onto an acroterion and the lower end of a post caps the cylindrical rod of the support. The assembly described by this prior document has several drawbacks. First, the supports are left in place after the guardrail has been removed, and new supports have to be manufactured and mounted for each installation of a temporary guardrail. Secondly, the installation of the temporary guardrail is long and tedious, the operator having to screw each support using two screws, then place a post on each support, and then come up and fix the rails on the bollards.

Document FR 2278874 (Beaubeau) describes a vertical post for temporary guardrails, the base of the post being provided with a jaw for clamping the upper edge of a wall. The assembly described by this prior document has several drawbacks. First, the gripping force of the jaw is low and there is a high risk of the post pivoting, for example following a side impact with a person's foot. Secondly, the installation of the temporary guardrail is long and tedious, the operator having to manually tighten each post base on a wall, then mount and fix the rails on the posts.

The document FR 2299472 (Flon metal constructions) describes a site guardrail comprising a frame in the form of a barrier and fastening devices. The guardrail is put in place by hooking the fixing devices into parapets or using clamps or by tightening a nut on a threaded rod passing through the support wall. The assembly described in this prior document has several drawbacks. Firstly, when the guardrail is fixed by hooking onto the acroterion, there is a risk of dismantling the guardrail by vertical lifting of it. Secondly, when clamps are used, the presence of the clamps forms obstacles with the consequent risk of falls for people. Thirdly, when the assembly is carried out by tightening a nut on a threaded rod, it is necessary to first drill a large number of holes in the supporting wall, the assembly of the railing then being particularly long and tedious.

Document FR 2784705 (Sealing axis) describes a device for mounting temporary guardrails for construction sites, the device comprising an element intended to be permanently fixed to an acroterion and a removable element. The removable element carries projections which fit into keyhole openings arranged on the fixed element. The assembly described in this prior document has several drawbacks. Firstly, there is a risk of accidental disassembly of the removable element, by vertical lifting of the latter. Secondly, the assembly of the removable elements forming the posts of the guardrail is tiring for the operator who must raise these posts vertically for their attachment and carry the weight of each of the posts during the installation of the guardrail. Thirdly, the fixed elements are left in place after removal of the guardrail, and new fixed elements must be manufactured and assembled for each installation of a temporary guardrail.

Document FR 3019202 (Frenehard and Michaux) describes a guardrail post comprising means preventing lifting, this means being a flexible link, one end of which is integral with each post and the opposite end forms a loop attached to the member. attachment of the post. The assembly of the guardrail described by this prior document is particularly long and tedious.

Document EP 3581735 (Fehr Groupe) describes a one-piece guardrail comprising a central post and two barrier elements extending in two parallel planes and offset from each other. For this device of the prior art, there is a risk of accidental dismantling by vertical movement of the guardrail.

Document US 2009127534 (Powel) describes a railing support fixed to a formwork and comprising a U-shaped saddle in folded sheet metal. Bolts come to tighten the saddle on the wall of the panel. The saddle has reinforcement plates and a rubber plate limits the risk of slipping. The saddle has a vertical rod on which a post is fitted, a pin blocking the movement of the post in relation to the vertical rod. The assembly described by this prior document has several drawbacks. The assembly of the guardrail is in particular long and tedious, the operator having to assemble the U-shaped saddles, then install the posts, and then pass the wooden beams by sliding in the support sleeves carried by the posts.

The invention aims to overcome the drawbacks of previously known devices for mounting temporary guardrails, in particular for formwork guardrails.

A first object of the invention is to provide a railing element suitable for formwork, in particular for modular formwork, the installation and removal of the railing being quick and economical.

A second object of the invention is to provide such a railing element, no part having to be left in place after removal of the railing.

A third object of the invention is to provide a railing element suitable for formwork, in particular for modular formwork, the installation and removal of the railing being able to be carried out using manual tools, without resorting to a source of energy, the physical effort during the installation or removal of the guardrail being reduced.

A fourth object of the invention is to provide a railing element suitable for formwork, in particular modular formwork, for the construction of a high security railing, without the risk of accidental dismantling.

A fifth object of the invention is to provide a guardrail element suitable for formwork, in particular for modular formwork, for the construction of a guardrail adaptable to the forces encountered in service.

For these purposes, the invention relates, according to a first aspect, to a railing element intended to be fixed, to an upper edge of a wall such as an upper edge of a formwork, in particular a modular formwork, the guardrail element comprising a barrier and at least one support, the barrier forming a substantially planar unitary part, the guardrail element comprising reversible locking means of the barrier on the support.

By "unitary part" is meant here the fact that the barrier is in the form of a single object. For example, the barrier is a one-piece object made of polymer material or of composite material and is molded. The barrier thus comprises, in certain implementations, posts and beams integral with the posts. In other implementations, the barrier is made of a metallic material, advantageously a light alloy such as an aluminum alloy, and comprises posts and beams assembled to the posts.

By "substantially flat" is meant here the fact that the barrier forms a body extending in two directions. In some implementations, the barrier includes at least one panel. In other implementations, the barrier comprises posts extending in a first direction, and beams assembled or integral with the posts, the beams extending in a second direction, substantially perpendicular to the first direction.

By “reversible locking means” is meant here means allowing the locking and unlocking of the barrier/support assembly.

In certain implementations, the unlocking of the barrier/support assembly is obtained by removing the locking means, for example by removing a pin.

In other implementations, the unlocking of the barrier/support assembly is obtained by actuating the locking means, for example snap-fastening means or elastic fitting.

Advantageously, the removable blocking means thus allow a manually removable assembly of the barrier/support assembly. The barrier/support assembly can be dismantled without noticeable damage to the barrier or the support, which can be reused.

In some implementations, the element providing the connection between the barrier and the support is not reused. The element ensuring the connection is for example of the nail, screw, rivet or solder type.

Advantageously, the element ensuring the connection between the barrier and the support is reusable.

The locking means can be of the mechanical type, and include for example a pin, a dowel, a key, a carabiner, a screw or a threaded rod and a nut, or even snap-fastening means.

The reversible blocking means of the barrier on the support are advantageous for several reasons.

When the use of the formwork is finished, the dismantling of the guardrail element is easy, by removing or actuating the reversible locking means of the barrier on the support. It is possible to leave the supports in place on the wall, in particular on the formwork.

When a barrier change is to be made, the dismantling and reassembly of the guardrail element is simple and quick.

The locking means prevent accidental dismantling of the barrier, in particular by vertical movement of the barrier relative to the support.

Advantageously, the barrier comprises at least two posts, the guardrail element comprising two supports, each of the posts of the barrier being fitted to a support.

Advantageously, at least one support carries a male fitting part which is housed in a corresponding housing formed in the lower part of a barrier post.

Advantageously, at least one support carries a female fitting part, in which is placed a male fitting part arranged in the lower part of a barrier post.

In certain implementations, at least one support comprises a U-shaped sole, intended to form a stirrup on an upper edge of a wall such as an upper edge of a panel, the support comprising a means for applying pressure against said wall.

In some implementations, at least one support comprises an L-shaped flange, intended to be fixed on an upper edge of a wall such as an upper edge of a formwork.

Advantageously, the barrier is made of a light metal alloy such as an aluminum alloy, of a polymer material, or of a composite material.

In some implementations, the barrier has three posts, a top rail, a bottom rail, and a plinth, with the railing element comprising three supports.

Advantageously, the supports are equidistant.

In certain particular implementations, each of the three supports carries a projection of L-section forming a support for the fitting of one of the three posts of the barrier.

The invention also relates to a formwork comprising a railing element as presented above, fixed temporarily or not to the formwork.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear in the light of the description given below with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

is a perspective view of a barrier, according to one embodiment, and supports according to various embodiments;

is a perspective view of a barrier in position mounted on an upper edge of a wall such as an upper edge of a formwork;

is a side view of the assembly shown in Figure 2.

The barrier 1 shown in the appended figures comprises three crosspieces forming posts 2a, 2b, 2c. Barrier 1 comprises an upper rail 3, a lower rail 4 and a plinth 5.

The barrier 1 is intended to be fixed to an upper edge of a wall, such as an upper edge of formwork 6.

When the barrier 1 is fixed to the upper edge of the formwork 6, the upper smooth 3 is advantageously substantially at the height of an operator's pelvis. As an indication, the height of the barrier is 1000 or 1100 mm.

When the barrier 1 is fixed to the upper edge of the panel 6, the lower rail 4 or under the rail advantageously extends at the height of the legs of an operator.

The plinth 5 limits the risk of objects such as tools falling into the formwork space delimited by the formwork 6. This plinth 5 advantageously forms a stop for the user's feet, reducing the risk of falling.

The height of the plinth 5 is advantageously ten centimeters or more than ten centimeters. As an indication, the plinth is in aluminum alloy, 100 or 150 mm high.

The upper smooth 3, the lower smooth 4 and the posts 2a, 2b, 2c are advantageously formed by cutting the same section. The profile is for example made of polymer material or of composite material, for example with a polymer matrix reinforced with fiberglass, and is obtained by extrusion or pultrusion. In other implementations, the profile is made of metal alloy, for example steel, or advantageously of aluminum alloy. As an indication, the profile is an aluminum alloy, for example of square section, for example of 40 mm side.

Similarly, the plinth 5 is made of polymer material, composite material or metal alloy such as steel or aluminum alloy.

The barrier advantageously comprises a lower rail, opposite the plinth 5, reinforcing the rigidity of the barrier.

In some implementations, the barrier is a unitary element, made of polymer or composite material, resulting from molding.

Barrier 1 extends along a plane. In the embodiment shown, the barrier extends along a plane substantially parallel to the formwork plane defined by formwork 6. In other embodiments, not shown, the barrier extends along a plane inclined with respect to the formwork plane defined by the formwork.

The barrier 1 comprises, in the embodiment shown, three substantially equidistant posts. This construction facilitates the layout when fitting the supports 7 to the formwork 6.

In other embodiments, not shown, the barrier comprises a single post, or even two posts, or more than three posts. The number of posts is determined in particular according to the desired length for the barrier. As an indication, the barrier 1 is advantageously of length equal to a multiple of one meter, for example one meter, two meters and three meters.

The barrier 1 comprises, in the embodiment shown, open panels 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, delimited by the posts 2a, 2b, 2c, the stringers 3, 4 and the plinth 5.

In other embodiments, not shown, the panels are closed by plates or a net, or even a wire mesh. The plates closing the panels are for example made of perforated sheet metal, expanded metal, or grating. The mesh of threads is flexible or rigid, and comprises for example warp threads and weft threads welded to the warp threads.

The supports 7 of barrier 1 can be of different types, as shown in Figure 1.

For a given barrier 1, the supports 7 can be of the same type or of different types. For example, the barrier comprises three posts 2a, 2b, 2c, only the end posts 2a, 2c being provided with reversible locking means, such as for example a pin.

According to a first implementation, the supports 7, 7a comprise a U-shaped flange 9a forming a clamping stirrup. The clamping of the support 7a on the formwork 6 is ensured by a means of pressure such as for example a pressure screw 10 rotating in a nut 11 welded to the sole 9a.

According to a second implementation, the supports 7, 7b comprise an L-shaped flange 9b, screwed onto the formwork 6. The screwing is advantageously carried out through oblong holes arranged on the flange 9b.

According to a third implementation, the supports 7, 7c comprise a flat flange 9c, screwed onto the formwork 6. The screwing is advantageously carried out through oblong holes arranged on the flange 9c.

According to a fourth implementation, the supports 7, 7d include a plate 12, force-fitted or screwed into the formwork 6.

In certain embodiments, the posts 2a, 2b, 2c of the barrier 1 comprise hollow ends which fit onto corresponding projections 13 arranged on the supports 7a, 7b, 7c.

These projections 13 are of L-section, U-section, or of square or rectangular section.

Alternatively, the posts 2a, 2b, 2c of the barrier 1 have male ends which are housed in a female reservation of the plates 12 of supports 7d.

After the barrier 1 has been fitted onto the supports 7, the guardrail element is blocked by reversible blocking means.

In the embodiments shown, these reversible locking means comprise, for each post 2a, 2b, 2c, an axis forming a pin 14.

For each post 2a, 2b, 2c, the pin 14 passes through the post and through the projection 13 of the support 7.

Advantageously, the pin is of the captive type.

In other embodiments, not shown, the reversible locking means comprise a pin, a key, a carabiner, a screw or a threaded rod and a nut, or even snap-fastening means.

When the formwork is finished, or when the barrier 1 must be changed (for example to place a higher barrier), the operator removes the blocking means (or actuates the blocking means, for example snap-fastening), and pulls the barrier 1 upwards to detach it from the supports 7. The installation and removal of the barrier 1 can be carried out by a single operator, without a source of energy, manually or using manual tools.

The railing element can be installed without modifying or altering the formwork structure 6, by tightening the support 7a on the formwork 6.

In one implementation, the guardrail assembly (barrier 1 and supports 7) can be removed from the formwork 6.

In other implementations, the supports 7 remain permanently on the form 6, and the barriers 1 are put in place on the form 6 during the formwork, and removed during the storage of the form 6 or their transport to the site. .

Although the invention is described with reference to the attachment to an upper edge of a flat formwork, it is understood that the invention will find application to the attachment of a guardrail element to an upper edge of a curved formwork, used for the production of concrete walls, or on an edge of a civil engineering wall.

The invention finds particularly advantageous applications in the protection against falls in the shielding of excavations and the shielding of trench walls.

Claims (12)

Railing element intended to be fixed to an upper edge of a wall such as an upper edge of formwork (6), the railing element comprising a barrier (1) and at least one support (7) , the barrier (1) forming a substantially planar unitary part, characterized in that the guardrail element comprises reversible locking means of the barrier (1) on the support (7). Railing element according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reversible locking means comprise a pin, a dowel, a key, a carabiner, a screw or a threaded rod and a nut, or even snap-fastening means. Guardrail element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the barrier (1) comprises at least two posts (2a, 2b, 2c), the guardrail element comprising two supports (7), each of posts (2a, 2b, 2c) of the barrier (1) being fitted to a support (7). Railing element according to Claim 3, characterized in that at least one support (7a, 7b, 7c) carries a male fitting part which is housed in a corresponding housing formed in the lower part of a post (2a , 2b, 2c) barrier. Railing element according to Claim 3 or 4, characterized in that at least one support (7d) carries a female fitting part, in which is placed a male fitting part arranged in the lower part of a barrier post. Railing element according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one support (7a) comprises a U-shaped flange (9a), intended to form a stirrup on an upper edge of a wall such as an upper edge of a panel (6), the support (7a) comprising means (10) for applying pressure against said wall. Railing element according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one support (7b) comprises an L-shaped flange, intended to be fixed to an upper edge of a wall such as a upper edge of panel (6). Railing element according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the barrier (1) is made of a light metal alloy such as an aluminum alloy, of a polymer material, or of a composite material. Railing element according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the barrier (1) comprises three posts (2a, 2b, 2c), an upper rail (3), a lower rail (4) and a plinth (5), the railing element comprising three supports (7). Railing element according to Claim 9, characterized in that the supports (7) are equidistant. Railing element according to Claim 10, characterized in that each of the three supports (7) carries a projection (13) of L-section forming a support for the fitting of one of the three posts (2a, 2b, 2c) of the barrier. Panel (6) comprising a railing element according to any one of claims 1 to 11.