FR2758580A1 - CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE WITH EXTERNAL INSULATION, AND CONSTRUCTION IMPLEMENTING SUCH A CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE - Google Patents

Abstract

The construction has a frame (15), fixing lugs (16) which are attached to the frame and extend from it and low density, expanded polystyrene insulating panels (18). The back of the panels rest on the frame and the fixing lugs are position between two adjacent panels and extend beyond the front of them. The panels are held in position with by fixing components (21) which fit over the lugs. A second frame (22) is attached to the lugs at a distance from the insulating panels and a outer concrete cladding (23) is attached to the front of the outer frame. The insulating panels have grooves which fit over parallel sections over the inner frame (26) and the joints are filled. The fixing lugs have a base (31) and a head (32) and the section between them is thin and flat.

Description

"Exterior insulated building structure and construction

  using such a construction structure "The present invention relates generally to constructions. It relates more particularly to those constructions which are produced from a framework, whether it is a metallic framework or whether it is a

wooden frame.

  More particularly, again, the present invention aims at insulation, and, more precisely, thermal insulation,

of these constructions.

  This insulation is generally ensured using

insulation panels.

  For example, when the framework comprises parallel framework elements, these insulation panels are, for their maintenance, each arranged between two of such framework elements. This results, inadvertently, in a horizontal and / or vertical discontinuity in the insulation provided, each frame element locally interrupting this insulation and constituting, to the detriment thereof, a

  thermal bridge between outside and inside.

  In addition, difficulties arise from one floor to another, and from one wall to the roof, to the detriment, again, of

  the continuity of the insulation and the homogeneity thereof.

  In particular, in the most common frame constructions, it is frequently observed, to the detriment of the efficiency of the assembly, an imbalance between the insulation of the walls and that of the roof, the thickness of the insulation panels. likely to be incorporated into this roof being generally higher than that of the insulation panels

  likely to be incorporated as a corollary to the wall.

  The present invention generally relates to a provision, which is similar to external insulation, and which, for a cost advantageously compatible with market prices, advantageously makes it possible to avoid the drawbacks mentioned above and further leads to

other advantages.

  More specifically, it firstly relates to a construction structure characterized in that it implements, in combination, from the inside to the outside, a primary framework, fixing lugs, which, brought from place to place on the primary framework, projecting forward on it, insulation panels, which, substantially coplanar with each other, bear by their backs on the primary framework, substantially joining the the other in front thereof, and the front face of which is set back with respect to the free end of the fixing lugs, of the holding members, which, in engagement with the fixing lugs, bear on the panels insulation, for retaining them, a secondary frame attached to the fixing lugs, at a distance from the insulation panels, and an external facing attached to the secondary frame, at the front thereof; it also relates to any construction of which at least one wall and / or the roof implements such a structure

of construction.

  Thanks to the arrangement according to the invention, it is advantageously ensured a horizontal continuity of the insulation, the insulation panels joining transversely substantially one another in front of the primary framework which carries them, with, if desired, between them, to perfect this insulation, a packing of caulking Preferably, to also ensure a vertical continuity of the insulation, the insulation panels extend further longitudinally each over the entire height of a floor, with, if desired, between them, a wall to the roof, to further perfect this insulation, a packing of caulk. Thus, the arrangement according to the invention advantageously ensures total continuity of the insulation, avoiding any thermal bridge between the outside and the inside. It also advantageously makes it possible to insulate the walls and the roof with the same components, except, possibly, as regards the exterior facing, the latter being preferably different for the walls and the roof. This results, in particular, in an advantageous standardization of these components, to the benefit of the cost of the assembly. This also results in the possibility of a better balance of insulation between the walls and the roof,

  benefit of an advantageous homogenization of the whole.

  Due, moreover, to their mechanical retention against the primary framework which carries them, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to their quasi jointing and to the packing of caulking preferentially intervening between them, the insulation panels according to the invention are advantageously able to ensure by themselves all the necessary airtightness, and they advantageously exhibit appreciable resistance to the effects of pressure and depression due to the

wind.

  The presence, at a distance, of an external facing also advantageously makes it possible to sufficiently weaken these effects due to the wind so that it is possible to envisage using, for the production of the insulation panels, a polystyrene expanded low density, or, in any case, lower density than that usually used for such insulation panels, for the benefit of a lower cost

for the group.

  The external facing intervening, moreover, according to the invention, at a distance from the insulation panels, there remains, advantageously, between this external facing and these insulation panels, a layer of ventilated air, which provides, from the base walls at the ridge of the roof, a parietodynamic effect which advantageously results in winter, a certain compensation for heat loss, this being, by nature, stronger at the upper part of the

  construction than at the bottom of it.

  In the case where the construction is equipped with controlled mechanical ventilation, the fresh air intakes supplying it can advantageously open into this ventilated air space, which then allows this controlled mechanical ventilation to advantageously draw a air already heated by the parietodynamic effect, to the benefit

  heating savings for the whole.

  In summer, the ventilation of the air space is accelerated by natural draft, and this advantageously results in the elimination of the hot air bubble which would otherwise be liable to accumulate at the top of the construction. In all cases, the air gap thus present within the walls and / or the roof of a construction according to the invention advantageously constitutes a sound trap, and the arrangement according to the invention therefore makes it possible to use economically for the air intakes of the possible controlled mechanical ventilation of the air intakes, which, from the point of view

  acoustics, are particularly simple.

  Preferably, finally, the exterior facing of the walls of a construction according to the invention is formed by cladding of cement plates, for the benefit of a cost.

  relatively small overall.

  If desired, whether it is a cladding of cement plates for the walls, or whether it is any covering for the roof, this exterior facing can also advantageously be provided with a coating. insulator on its internal surface, to reinforce the parietodynamic effect due to

  the air space, again, for the benefit of the insulation provided.

  The characteristics and advantages of the invention

  will emerge from the description which follows,

  by way of example, with reference to the appended schematic drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a partial view in vertical section of a construction according to the invention; Figure 2 is a view which, taking on a larger scale, the detail of Figure 1 identified by an insert II in this Figure 1, illustrates more generally the construction structure according to the invention; Figure 3 is, on the scale of Figure 2, a partial view in horizontal section of the construction according to the invention, along the line III-III of Figure 2; Figure 4 is, on a larger scale, a partial perspective view also illustrating as a whole the construction structure according to the invention; Figure 5 is a partial view in horizontal section of one of the fixing lugs used in this construction structure, along the line V-V of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a partial perspective view which, partly taking that of Figure 4, relates to an alternative embodiment of this construction leg; Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view, which, partly taking that of Figure 2, it relates

  also to an alternative embodiment.

  As illustrated in these figures, and in a manner known per se, a construction 10 according to the invention comprises,

  overall, walls 11 and a roof 12.

  In the embodiment shown, this construction 10 is established on foundations 13, but, not falling within the scope of the present invention, these will not be

described here.

  The construction 10 according to the invention will also not be

  more described in full detail here.

  Only the elements necessary for the

understanding of the invention.

  According to the invention, at least one of the walls 11 implements a particular construction structure 14, which

  is shown in detail in FIGS. 2 to 4.

  Overall, and according to the arrangements described, they, in more detail later, the construction structure 14 according to the invention implements, in combination, from the inside to the outside of the construction, a primary framework 15, legs fastening 16, which, brought from place to place on the primary frame 15, project forwardly thereon, insulation panels 18, which, substantially coplanar with each other, bear by their backs on the primary frame 15 by substantially joining each other in front thereof, and the front face 19 of which is set back relative to the free end 20 of the fixing lugs 16, of the holding members 21, which , in engagement with the fixing lugs 16, bear on the insulation panels 18, for the retention of these, a secondary frame 22 attached to the fixing lugs 16, at a distance from the insulation panels 18, and a external facing 23 added

  on the secondary framework 22, at the front thereof.

  In the embodiments shown,

  the primary framework 15 is metallic.

  It comprises, between a low rail 24 and a high rail

  , parallel frame elements 26.

  In the embodiment shown, the top rail 24 and the bottom rail 25 are C-sections. The same is true for the framing elements 26, with, for these, on the one hand, in the area median of their core 27, a rib 28 with a transverse trapezoidal profile, and, on the other hand, at the ends of their lateral arms 29,

  square returns 30 directed towards each other.

  The frame elements 26 thus formed extend

  in practice over the entire height of a floor.

They are in practice made of metal.

  But, as a variant, wooden frame elements

  can also be considered.

  In the embodiments shown, the fixing lugs 16 are attached to the frame elements 26, being staggered from place to place over their height. These fixing lugs 16, which are all identical to each other, each extend between two insulation panels

18 contiguous.

  In the embodiments shown, the fixing lugs 16 each comprise, in one piece, a base 31, by which they are capable of being subjected to the primary framework 15, and, more precisely, to an element d frame 26 thereof, a head 32, by which, at their free end 20, they are capable of receiving, according to arrangements described in more detail later, the secondary frame 22, and, between this base 31 and this head 32, one

middle part 33, flat and thin.

  The base 31, which extends substantially perpendicular to the middle portion 33, is formed by at

  minus a return to square 34, 35 of this middle part 33.

  Preferably, and this is the case in the embodiments shown, two angled returns 34, 35 are provided, each being arranged respectively on the side.

  and from the middle part 33.

  For example, in FIG. 4, the return at square 34 extends over the entire width of the middle part 33, while, coming from the dead side of this, the return at square 35, which is an extension of the return at square 34, in continuity with it, only extends over a fraction of the width

  of the middle portion 33, in the middle portion thereof.

  By a butt-shaped extension 36, the angle return 34 is hooked on the return angle 30 of the arm

  lateral 29 corresponding to the frame element 26.

  The return angle 35, on the other hand, is positively secured to this lateral arm 29, for example by a screw

  self-tapping machine 37, as shown.

  In the embodiment shown, this return to square 35 also includes an extension 38, which, at right angles to it, bears on the core 27 of the framework element 26, to perfect the rotation blocking of

the whole in relation to this one.

  As a variant, in FIG. 6, the base 31 of the fixing lugs 16 is formed by two square returns 34 ′, 35 ′, which, of equal importance, each extending along half the width of the middle part 33, are diagonally opposite to each other, and which are both positively secured to the corresponding side arm 29

  of the frame element 26 by a self-tapping screw 37.

  In the embodiments shown, the longitudinal edges of the middle part 33 of the fixing lugs

  16 are parallel to each other.

  This middle part 33 extends generally in a plane which, parallel to the core 27 of the framework elements 26 of the primary framework 15, is in practice a vertical plane for the assembly. In the embodiments shown, the head 32 of the fixing lugs 16 extends in the extension of their central part 33, along the plane of the latter, and, the secondary framework 22 also comprising elements d frame 40 parallel, it is suitable for receiving by

  snap-on such a framework element 40.

  In a manner known per se, and as it is better visible for one of them in FIG. 4, the frame elements 40 of the secondary frame 22, which are crossed with respect to the frame elements 26 of the primary framework 15, and which are preferably made of metal, are furs with a transverse profile in C, with a middle part 41, two lateral wings 42, and, at the ends of these lateral wings 42,

  square returns 43 directed towards each other.

  For retaining such a framework element 40, the head 32 of the fixing lugs 16 comprises, laterally, on its edge, each affecting its two edges respectively

  longitudinal, two transverse shoulders 44.

  For example, and as shown, the transverse shoulders 44 form one of the sides of slots or notches

  affecting back to back this head 32, at the root thereof.

  To facilitate, as a corollary, the engagement of a frame element 40, the head 32 of the fixing lugs 16 has, laterally, generally oblique, or generally rounded edges, in the direction of the corresponding slots or notches 45. For cooperation in retention with a holding member 21, the middle part 33 of the fixing lugs 16 is, in the embodiments shown, notched on its edge, along at least one of its longitudinal edges, and on a

portion at least of its length.

  For example, and as shown, this middle part 33 is notched along each of its longitudinal edges. Preferably, the corresponding notches 46 are asymmetrical, with a straight flank on the side of the base 31 and

  an inclined flank on the side of the head 32.

  In combination, the holding members 21 each have a slot 47, which is suitable for their engagement on a fixing lug 16, and whose transverse edges are capable of cooperating in hooking with the notches 46 of this lug

fixing 16.

  In the embodiments shown, the holding members 21 are in the form of cabochons

  of general tronpyramidal shape and rectangular base.

  These holding members 21 can for example be in

metal or synthetic material.

  The mounting lugs 16 are

preferably made of metal.

  In the embodiments shown, the insulation panels 18 each extend from one to the other of

  two framework elements 26 adjacent to the primary framework 15.

  Preferably, and this is the case in the embodiments, they also extend each over the entire

height of one floor.

  In the embodiments shown, the insulation panels 18 each comprise, laterally, rebates 48 by means of which they are engaged between the

  framework elements 26 of the primary framework 15.

  They thus extend both partly between these

  framework elements 26 and partly at the front thereof.

  These insulation panels 18 are for example in

expanded polystyrene.

  Preferably, it is then polystyrene

expanded at low density.

  For example, their density is of the order of 10 kg.

  But it goes without saying that this numerical value should not

  not be considered here as limiting the invention.

  Preferably, and this is the case in the embodiments shown, between two contiguous insulation panels 18 extends a weatherstripping padding 49. For example, this weatherstripping padding 49 is in

polyurethane foam.

  It is executed from the front, by injection, the corresponding frame element 26 of the primary frame 15 then advantageously constituting a joint bottom during a

such injection.

  In front of the insulation panels 18, there remains,

  between these and the outer facing 23, an air gap 50.

  The air circulates there from bottom to top, as shown schematically by

arrows F in FIG. 1.

  Preferably, and as shown, a grid 'is provided at the base of this air space 50, to avoid

  leaves or animals get into it.

  As for the outer facing 23, it is advantageously a simple cladding, that is to say a simple assembly of plates 51, which, in the embodiments shown, are coplanar, being duly attached, and fixed, for example by screws 52, to the frame elements 40

secondary frame 22.

  For example, the plates 51 are cement plates. Preferably, and in a manner known per se, the

  constituent cement of these plates 51 is rich in resin.

  It also contains, preferably, in particular for its lightening, a light aggregate, which, for example, is

  made of expanded clay or expanded polystyrene.

  The plates 51 can also include internally at least one encimed glass fiber reinforcement

in resin.

  At their periphery, their edges are for example thinned, to allow the establishment of a shaped joint

  tape and a coating, not shown.

  The corresponding provisions being well known in themselves, and not pertaining to the present invention,

  they will not be described in more detail here.

  In a manner also known per se, it can be attached, on the plates 51 thus forming the external facing 23, any finishing and / or decorative coating, such as, for example, a coating or a layer of paint. As will be noted, the plates 51 constituting the external facing 23 are advantageously ventilated on one

  and the other of their faces, thanks to the air gap 50.

  During assembly, the fixing lugs 16 are attached to the frame elements 26 of the primary frame 15, and the insulation panels 18 are then put in place.

the outside on it.

  The holding members 21 then ensure their retention. The installation of these insulation panels 18 is

  therefore particularly fast and easy.

  It then suffices to attach the frame elements 40 of the secondary frame 22 to the fixing lugs 16, and to fix the plates 51 to these frame elements 40

  constituting the external facing 23.

  Of course, on the interior side of the construction 10, the primary framework 15 also receives an interior facing 53, with, if desired, the use of insulation.

complementary, not shown.

  The corresponding provisions being well known in themselves, and not pertaining to the present invention,

  they will not be described in more detail here.

  Preferably, all the walls 11 of the construction 10 implement a construction structure

  14 of the type of that previously described.

  In the embodiment shown, it is

  advantageously the same for the roof 12.

  The external facing 23 of the latter is then formed by any covering, and, for example, a covering in tiles 51 ′, as shown, the framework elements 40 of the corresponding secondary framework 22 then forming for these tiles 51 'of the battens, while the framework elements 26 of the associated primary framework 15 then jointly form rafters for the assembly. Preferably, and this is the case in the embodiment shown, of a wall 11 to the roof 12, the insulation panels 18 are connected to each other by a

wadding stuffing 54.

  This ensures vertical continuity of

the corresponding insulation.

  For example, the wadding stuffing 54 is,

  as before, made of polyurethane foam.

  In the embodiment shown, this packing 'of caulking 54 occurs at the joists 55, at the

upper part of these.

  The insulation panels 18 of the underlying wall 11, duly cut for this purpose, therefore extend to the right of the nose

of these joists 55.

  Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown, but

  includes any variant.

  It goes without saying, moreover, that one or more stages may be provided, preferably ensuring the

  continuity of insulation from one floor to another.

Claims (18)

  1. Construction structure, characterized in that it implements, in combination, from the inside to the outside, a primary framework (15), fixing lugs (16), which, brought from place to place on the primary framework (15), projecting towards the front on this, insulation panels (18), which, substantially coplanar with one another, bear by their backs on the primary framework (15) in substantially joining each other in front thereof, and the front face (19) of which is set back relative to the free end (20) of the fixing lugs (16), of the holding members (21 ), which, in engagement with the fixing lugs (16), bear on the insulation panels (18), for retaining them, a secondary frame (22) attached to the fixing lugs (16), away from the insulation panels (18), and an external facing (23) attached to   the secondary framework (22), at the front thereof.   2. Construction structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, the primary framework (15) comprising framework elements (26) parallel, the insulation panels (18) laterally have rebates (48) at the favor of which they are engaged between these elements frame (26).   3. Construction structure according to any one   claims 1, 2, characterized in that between two   contiguous insulation panels (18), a padding of caulking (49).   4. Construction structure according to any one   claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the panels   insulation (18) are made of low density expanded polystyrene.   5. Construction structure according to any one   claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the legs   fixing (16) each extend between two panels of contiguous insulation (18).   6. Construction structure according to any one   claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the legs   fixing (16) each comprise, in one piece, a base (31), by which they are able to be subjected to the primary framework (15), a head (32), by which they are able to receive the secondary framework (22), and, between this base (31) and this head (32), a middle part (33), flat and thin. 7. Construction structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the base (31) of the fixing lugs (16) is formed by at least one square return (34, 34 ', 35, ') of their middle part (33).   8. Construction structure according to any one   claims 6, 7, characterized in that the head (32)   fixing lugs (16) extends in the extension of their middle part (33), along the plane of the latter, and, the secondary framework (22) comprising parallel framework elements (40), it is suitable for snap-fastening such a frame element (40).   9. Construction structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, for retaining a frame element (40) of the secondary frame (22), the head (32) of the fixing lugs (16) comprises , laterally, on its edge,   two transverse shoulders (44).   10. Construction structure according to any one   claims 6 to 9, characterized in that, for   retained cooperation with a holding member (21), the middle part (33) of the fixing lugs (16) is notched on its edge, along at least one of its longitudinal edges, and on at least one portion of its length, and, in combination, the holding members (21) each have a slot (47) suitable for their engagement on a lug fixing (16).   11. Construction structure according to any one   claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the framework   primary (15) and the secondary framework (22) having both of the parallel framework elements (26, 40), the framework elements (40) of the secondary framework (22) are crossed relative to the frame elements (26) of the frame primary (15).   12. Construction structure according to any one   claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the facing exterior (23) is cladding.   13. Construction, characterized in that at least one of its walls (11) implements a structure of   construction (14) according to any one of the claims i to 12.   14. Construction according to claim 13, characterized in that the insulation panels (18) of the wall (11) concerned each extend over the entire height of a floor. 15. Construction according to any one of   claims 13, 14, characterized in that the facing   exterior (23) of the wall (11) concerned is formed by cladding of cement slabs (51).   16. Construction according to any one of   claims 13 to 15, characterized in that all of its walls   (11) use a construction structure (14)   according to any one of claims 1 to 12.   17. Construction according to any one of   Claims 13 to 16, characterized in that its roof (12)   also implements a construction structure (14)   according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the facing   exterior (23) thereof being formed by any blanket.   18. Construction according to claim 17, characterized in that, from a wall (11) to the roof (12), the insulation panels (18) are connected to each other by a weatherstripping stuffing (54).