FI98300B - Compostor - Google Patents

Description

98300

COMPOSTER

The present invention relates to a composter comprising a mixing tank, two or more reaction tanks for actual composting located inside the mixing tank and a cola conveyor moving around the reaction tanks for transferring the premixed mass from the mixing tank to the reaction tank. the reaction container. The composter is used to compost 10 biomasses by the aerobic method. Such biomasses include livestock manure, peat, straw, grass, wood chips, tree leaves, garden waste, municipal waste.

The composter is most typically used to treat sewage sludge, fur-15 animal waste, livestock manure, and household and garden waste. In this treatment, the biomass is decomposed so that the nutrients it contains remain in a form suitable for plant use. The pulp decomposed in this way is called compost and is used in gardens.

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Composting of biomass requires suitable conditions for composting. The moisture content of the mixture must be; ··· suitable, the moisture content must not exceed approx. 70%, ie the dry matter content must be at least approx. 30%. The optimum moisture depends on the composition of the mixture. The carbon / nitrogen mixture ratio should be Φ 0 * • J *: * suitable and the mixture should be airy with sufficient oxygen ··· .... ....

i * # C; so that the decomposition of small-scale biomass, which is a prerequisite for composting, can take place. Composting Γ * · *: and composters are explained, for example, in: • Water and others • · 30 Environmental Board handout series No. 2, Composting of forest industry waste-water sludges, Jouko Halminen, Helsinki 1986. Composters are presented e.g. in Patent Publication Nos. 29585, IC: 75335, 77641 and 77836. SE Publication No. 307961 discloses a composter according to the m · ·% preamble.

V ··· 35 • · τΓ’ί The composting process is characterized by and necessary heat.

• a. *> Temperature rise. As the temperature develops, it is separable *** ·. the following steps: warm-up phase, heat phase and cooling sea buckthorn phase ····· ....

(Jälkikypsymisvaihe). Known composers and composting methods have the disadvantage of controlling the entire composting process from mixing to finished / decomposed compost. Composting is disturbed or does not occur at all if too much or too dry mass enters the composter. In the composter itself, mixing is usually difficult to perform. For example, patent 77641 discloses a solution for ensuring mixing when fed to a composter. The aim of the composting process is generally to be carried out in the same state as a continuous process, so that the heating step and the thermal step and the partial cooling step take place in the same state or the cooling step takes place in a different state. jälkikyp-sytyskasassa. In this case, there is a risk that composting will not take place completely in the whole pulp.

A further disadvantage of known composters when composting sludges is that a very large amount of admixtures must be used in order to achieve the sufficient dry matter content required for composting. For example, the typical dry matter content of livestock manure and sewage sludge is only approx.

20 10% and even lower for many industrial sludges. In composting such sludges, admixtures are required e.g.

. approx. 3-4 times the amount of peat relative to the amount of sludge by volume ···· • ·,. measured. Therefore, the composter should be large in size, »· # ·« so that the desired amount of sludge can be processed by composting. Also

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* ί 25 alloying agents pay and processing costs increase as the amount of pulp to be treated increases.

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The object of the present invention is to provide a new type of composter in which the above drawbacks are avoided. The characteristic features of the invention are set out in the appended claims. As used herein, the term "vehicle" means any equivalent. ** · * · .. a conveyor using an endless rotation.

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··· · 'I: :: The invention will now be illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate some embodiments of the invention.

«· • · · · • ·· !!!: Figure 1 shows the composter seen from the side.

• · 98300 3

Figure 2 shows a cross-section of the composter of Figure 1 looking in the direction of arrow AA.

Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a composter equipped with an electrolysis apparatus according to the present invention.

5 Figure 4 shows a detail of the bottom structure of the composter of Figure 3.

When composting the pulp as it is without filtration, the procedure is as follows, with reference to Figures 1 and 10. 2. The composter shown in the figures is built on a trailer 4 comprising a frame, a gear and a drawbar. The main parts of the composter are a mixing tank 1, reaction tanks 2, here 2, tanks a and b and a cola conveyor 5. Around the mixing tank 1 there is a thermal insulator 20, which is preferably formed in a known manner from polyurethane.

The mixing tank comprises a filling hatch 11 and an outlet hatch 12.

The top-covered reaction vessels 2 include a filling hatch 10 and an outlet screw conveyor 6.

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The compostable masses are fed to the mixing tank 1. If the pumpable sludge (e.g. livestock sludge or sewage sludge) is pumped to the mixing tank 1: via the sludge pumping connection 9 by means of a known technique in advance. . . ...

* 25 specified amount. After pumping the slurry, the desired amount of dry matter (e.g. peat) is fed with the hatches 11 open.

Quantities of substances can be determined in advance at a suitable mixing ratio * · .. · ...

or examine the mixture after mixing and, if necessary, add a drier or wetter mass to achieve the correct mixing ratio.

·· • * • ·. : When feeding dry matter, the cola conveyor 5 can be started, which also acts as a mixer here. Cola conveyor 5 rotates. Figure 1 clockwise in the direction of the arrow to form a closed * · * ·; 35 rings inside the mixing tank 1 and around the reaction tanks 2.

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The cola conveyor 5 transfers the fed dry matter from the reaction tanks 2 and 3 when the filling tanks 10 of the reaction tanks are closed. The dry matter falls into the mixing tank as it exits

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-r »- -: '· .. ··, -> · * 7V * ~ r · *.' ·. ·. . . .. -.,.,. · ..... ....... "" '"' '98300 4 displaced from the reaction tanks by the cola conveyors 5. The cola conveyor 5 pushes the mass towards the bottom as it progresses, whereby the surface and bottom At the bottom, the cola conveyor moves the pulp forward and part of the pulp erupts 5 from the cola conveyor, mixing with the rest of the pulp. that the complete mixing has taken place 10. The conveyor can also be used during composting to mix and aerate the pulp as needed.Once the different pulps have been fed and mixed in the mixing tank in the right proportions, composting begins.The pulp starts to heat up, i.e. the heating step 15 starts. warmed, transferred it to s from the agitation tank 1 to the reaction tanks 2 and 3. The pulp is transferred by opening the filling hatch 10 of the reaction tank to which the pulp is to be transferred and starting the cola conveyor 5. The conveyor transfers the pulp from the mixing tank to the reaction tank where 20 pulp falls from the open filling tank 10.

In reaction tanks 2 and 3, the thermal step of composting takes place.

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The air required for the composting process of the pulp enters the pulp via aeration pipes 8 blown by aeration fans 7 or without the use of blowers as a free air flow.

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In reaction tanks 2 and 3, the heat generated in the composting process is • conducted through the walls to the mixing tank 1 and this heat raises the temperature of the pulp in the mixing tank, speeds up the f: 30 composting process and enables the process ··· - ·: *. start-up also in winter conditions. If reaction vessels 2 and •. 3 are empty and no heat is then generated, warm air can be blown into the reaction tanks 2 and 3 through the aeration pipes 8 ** ', whereby heat is conducted through the walls to the mixing tank 1.

-.:35 ♦

When the heat step is over in the pulp in the reaction tank, the pulp begins to cool. The cooling step can be allowed to take place in reaction tanks 2 and 3 or the masses can be allowed to cool in the composter.

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Ji 98300 5 outside the post-ripening heap after emptying the reaction tanks. The reaction tanks 2 and 3 are emptied by starting the discharge conveyor 6, which transfers the pulp from the reaction tanks to the sides of the composter.

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There can be any number of reaction tanks required and different reaction tanks can be used in composting, e.g. so that different reaction tanks have different or different composting stages.

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The automation and control logic required by the composter are placed in the control center 13.

The rear wall of the mixing tank is arranged obliquely and said unloading hatch 12 is formed at its upper end 15. The cola conveyor 5 is suspended around the required number of folding wheels, one or more of which are traction. The rising part of the cola conveyor is covered with a cover plate 21 up to the first reaction tank, whereby the cola conveyor carries even the wet mass with it.

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If it is desired to filter the sludge to be composted, proceed as follows, Figures 1, 3 and 4. Here, a variant of the composter • is used, which comprises an electrolysis apparatus 14 known per se for electrochemical treatment of the incoming sludge and a filter base comprising a perforated base • e *. 23, which carries a layer of peat and forms a water collection space •. .

on top of the actual bottom 22, from which the leaking water can flow through the channels 24 into the reject water pipes 17, Fig. 4.

The desired amount of filtration material 16 is fed to the mixing tank 1 with the dry matter filling hatches 11 »· open. By means of the cola conveyor 5, the filter material 16 is applied to the mixing plant; on the bottom of the tank 1 into an even layer, which preferably •. the thickness when using peat as a filter material is about 30 cm.

• · ...... ...

’* 35 Peat is an inexpensive filtration material due to both its filtration properties and compostability.

98300 6

After the filtration material 16 has been applied to the bottom of the mixing tank, the slurry 15 is fed through the slurry pumping connection 9 to the electrochemical apparatus 14 and further to the mixing tank 1 in the desired amount. By treating the slurry 15 with an electrochemical apparatus 14 known per se, it is made to filter faster and better than without electrochemical treatment. Experiments have shown that without such treatment, livestock manure cannot be filtered with a peat filter because the manure clogs the filter. Once the desired amount of slurry 16 has been fed, it is allowed to filter 10. The solids and nutrients in the slurry 15 seep into the filtration material 16 and the majority of the liquid seeps through the filtration material into reject water 18 into the above-mentioned reject water pipes and only a small part of the liquid binds to the filtration material. The slurry 15 is always fed further as the infiltration 15 progresses as described above so that the slurry is always on top of the filtration material. How often the sludge is added depends on both the sludge and the filtration material.

The reject water 18 seeping through the filter material 16 flows into the reject water pipes 17, and further out along the equipment. When filtering the sludge 15, the reject water pipes 17 are kept constantly open.

When the filtration capacity of the filtration material 16 is exhausted, i.e. the slurry 15 ** 25 no longer seeps but remains on the filtration material, the filtration material 16 and the solids, nutrients, etc. of the slurry 15 leached into it can be further processed e.g. ·· :: la. In this case, proceed as follows. Additional peat is fed to the mixing tank 1 with the dry matter filling hatches 11 open. The feed solids are mixed with the compostable filter material 16 and the sludge 15 components leached into it. parts by means of a cola conveyor 5. The conveyor is rotated with all the doors closed until the mass to be mixed * ··· ...... ·· - is homogeneous. If necessary, dry matter can be added ** .: 35 to the mixing tank 1 so that the moisture of the mixed mass is made ♦ · ...... - '···· suitable for composting. When the pulp is suitable for composting, it can be composted with this composter in the mixing tank 1, depending on the situation, and transferred after 98300 7 to the reaction tank 2 or 3, as previously described. The pulp can also be composted, for example, in the hopper by moving the pulp out into the hopper by means of a cola conveyor 5 with the mixture discharge hatch 12 open. Once the mixing tank 1 has been emptied of the mixture, the filtration can be continued as described above.

By filtering the sludge before composting, the advantage is obtained that the solids, nutrients, etc. in the sludge, due to which the sludge is actually treated by composting, can be separated from the liquid. Since the slurry typically contains only about 10% solids and the rest dry matter, the mass to be composted after filtration is only about 10-20% compared to composting the slurry with e.g. peat as such. The liquid that seeps through the filter 15 is called the reject water 18 is further treated on a case-by-case basis according to purity requirements.

One of the tested electrolysis plants was designed for a sludge volume of 1.5 m3 / h. In this case, electro-20s with a size of 0.1 to 0.2 m2, a voltage of 15 to 40 V and an electric current of 15 to 40 A are used.

* ·· * The composter can be automated using a known technique :: very far so that most functions such as mixing, aeration and mass transfers take place automatically1 25 ti.

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• · #. ···· · 1: The composter can also be built fixed instead of shown here. Shown here is a version of a composter. can be easily moved from one place to another and can also be used for mass transfer and spreading.

»·, 1 ·: The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown in the description and in the drawings: · 1: but the invention can be modified in many ways within the scope of the appended claims.

··: 35 ···· 9 ·

Claims (9)

98300 8 A composter comprising a mixing tank (1), two or more reaction tanks (2, 3) for actual composting 5 placed inside the mixing tank (1) and a cola conveyor (5) moving around the reaction tanks (2, 3) for transferring the premixed mass from the mixing tank (1) to a reaction tank (2, 3), the conveyor being adapted to mix the compostable masses and drop the mixed mass into each reaction tank (2, 3), characterized in that the composter comprises per se known electrolysis equipment (14) for electrochemical treatment of the feed slurry before feeding it to the mixing tank (1) and a peat filter (16) is arranged on the bottom of the mixing tank (1) by forming dewatering channels in the bottom (17) and providing space for 15 layers of peat under the reaction tanks (2, 3), whereby a large amount of water can be separated from the slurry before composting. 2. Komposterinqsanläqqninq enliqt patentkrav 1. kännetecknad av. the water supply channel can be connected to the perforated connection (23) with the same water supply button (5) but also with the water supply (17) fast (17) the light is connected to the water supply. A composter according to claim 1, characterized in that the dewatering channels comprise a continuous water collection space formed by a perforated intermediate base (23) and pipes (17) attached to the lower base (22) and connected to the water collection space of the channels. Composter according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each reaction vessel (2, 3) is a closed vessel which »·· 1 2. the top includes a hatch with an openable lid (10) • • l located on the line of the conveyor (5). »· 9 9. 3. Composting device according to claim 1 or 2, in which a net is provided, the sheave (2, 3) and a sheave, a sheave or a sheave lock according to the lock, a sheave and a sheave and a sheave for the conveyor (5). 4. Compositioning device according to claims 1-3, 15 turns according to the invention, the reactor devices (2, 3) are provided with a transporter (5) set with a screw conveyor (6) with a source of mass for the composting device . Composter according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each reaction vessel (2, 3) is provided with a screwdriver (6) transverse to the conveyor (5), which [. remove the finished mass to the side of the composter. ·· 2. Composter according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each reaction tank (2, 3) is provided with aeration pipes for conducting air into the compostable mass. 98300 9 5. Compositions according to the invention of claims 1-4, in which case the reaction reactor (2, 3) is provided with means of air flow in the air and the pulp of the scale. t · ... I · · • ·· • * <e *: * 25 6. Komposteringsanläggning enligt nägot av patentkraven 1-5, $ * · *: kännetecknad av * att blandningsbehällaren (1) innefattar en utät · · j * · * J sluttande kant (19) utefter vilken conveyor (5) can be used to connect and remove the attachments from the sluice (12) for the use of • the weight of the blade (1). * 0 m ::: 30 S S S *. 7. Komposteringsanläggning enligt nägot av patentkraven 1-6, * · kännetecknad av, att blandningsbehällaren (1) bildas av ett längsmalt kärl i transportörens (5) riktning, där varje reaktor- /. behällare (2, 3) sträcker sig över hela blandningsbehällarens X ** · * I 35 (1) bredd, och att blandningsbehällarens (1) yttre ytor är »•» • s värmeisolerade. m & 98300 11 Composter according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the mixing tank (1) has an outwardly inclined edge (19) along which the conveyor (5) is arranged to pass and has an openable hatch (12) for removing pulp from the mixing tank (1). 1). Composter according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the mixing tank (1) consists of an elongate vessel in the direction of the conveyor (5), in which each reaction tank 10 (2, 3) extends over the entire width of the mixing tank (1). 1) the outer surfaces are thermally insulated. 8. Komposteringsanläggning enligt nägot av patentkraven 1 - 7, kännetecknad av. the scrap transporters (5) are shown to be interchangeable (21) from the reactor vessel. 5 Composter according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the rising part of the cola conveyor (5) is covered with a cover plate (21) up to the reaction tank. Composter according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the composter is formed on a trailer. 20 Patentkrav * 1. Komposteringsanläggning, vilken innefattar en blandningsbe-. cradles (1), whether or not reacted with reactors (2, 3) for which: unit composting, placards are used as bleaching units »* 25 (1) and scrap conveyors (5) for each reactor cradle (2, 3) the masses of the reactor masses (1) are used in the reactor vessels (2, 3), * ..... the conveyor masses are used for the treatment of the reactor masses (2, 3) ), kännetecknad av, att komposte- ϊ ringsanläggningen innefattar en i sig känd electrolysanläggning: (14) för elkemisk behandling av det inmatade slammet fess ure ·· ....... \ '··· - ··· - larens (1) botten är anpassat ett torvfilter (16) genom att ·; 35 bilda wattenavgängskanaler account botten (17) och arrangera *: utrymme för torvlagret ben reactorbällarna (2, 3), varvid ‘det gär att avskilja en stor mängd watten ur slammet före komposteringen. 98300 10 9. Composting device according to claims 1 to 8, comprising a composition according to the invention. · * + S: • · «t II •» ........ Ti ..... 0 T:: ··! '• · - ···: