ES2627300T3 - Preparación farmacéutica que contiene oxicodona y naloxona - Google Patents
Preparación farmacéutica que contiene oxicodona y naloxona Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Preparaciones farmacéuticas orales para uso en el tratamiento del dolor y para uso en la reducción concurrente del estreñimiento inducido por opioides, en donde cada preparación comprende como principios activos oxicodona o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma y naloxona o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma, en donde la oxicodona o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma está presente en dichas preparaciones en un intervalo de cantidades absolutas utilizables y en una relación de 2:1 con la naloxona o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable de la misma, caracterizadas por que los principios activos se liberan desde las preparaciones de forma sostenida, invariable e independiente.
Description
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Según se esboza para el comportamiento de liberación independiente, la característica de liberación invariable también se refiere preferiblemente a una situación en la que se comparan preparaciones sustancialmente de igual composición. Tales preparaciones difieren con respecto a la cantidad de los compuestos activos, pero son de una composición igual o al menos muy similar con respecto a los componentes de la preparación que influyen en la liberación. Típicamente, la diferencia en la cantidad de un compuesto activo será reemplazada por la cantidad de un excipiente farmacéutico inerte que no influye sustancialmente en el comportamiento de liberación de la preparación. Tal excipiente farmacéutico puede ser lactosa, que es una carga típica en las preparaciones farmacéuticas. El experto en la técnica es consciente de que la característica de liberación invariable puede no aplicar a preparaciones en las que la diferencia en la cantidad de un compuesto activo se reemplace por sustancias que se sabe que influyen esencialmente en el comportamiento de liberación de la preparación, tales como etilcelulosa o alcoholes grasos.
En la sección de Ejemplos se indica que si una preparación comprende 20 mg de oxicodona y 1 mg de naloxona o 20 mg de oxicodona y 10 mg de naloxona, de modo que la diferencia de naloxona sea reemplazada por lactosa, las dos preparaciones de peso idéntico proporcionan los mismos perfiles de liberación, de modo que exhiben un comportamiento de liberación sostenido, invariable e independiente.
Según la invención, "estable al almacenamiento" o "estabilidad al almacenamiento" significa que durante el almacenamiento bajo condiciones estándar (al menos dos años a temperatura ambiente y la humedad habitual) las cantidades de los compuestos activos de una formulación de medicamento no se desvían de las cantidades iniciales en más de los valores dados en la especificación o las normas de las farmacopeas comunes. Según la invención, la estabilidad al almacenamiento también significa que una preparación producida según la invención se puede almacenar bajo condiciones estándar (60% de humedad relativa, 25°C) según se requiera para la admisión en el mercado.
Según la invención, "estable al almacenamiento" o "estable con el tiempo" también significa que después del almacenamiento bajo condiciones estándar los compuestos activos muestran perfiles de liberación como los que mostrarían en el uso inmediato sin almacenamiento. Según la invención, las fluctuaciones admisibles con respecto al perfil de liberación se caracterizan por que la cantidad liberada por unidad de tiempo fluctúa en no más de 20%, preferiblemente no más de 15% y de forma especialmente preferible no más de 10%, con respecto al valor medio. El valor medio se calcula a partir de seis mediciones del perfil de liberación.
Preferiblemente, la liberación de los compuestos activos desde una formulación de liberación sostenida se determina mediante el método de la cesta según USP a pH 1,2 o pH 6,5 con HPLC.
La estabilidad al almacenamiento se determina preferiblemente mediante el método de la cesta según USP a pH 1,2 con HPLC.
Según la invención, una matriz de difusión "no hinchable" o "sustancialmente no hinchable" es una formulación de matriz para la que la liberación de los compuestos activos no está influida (o al menos no en un grado importante) por el hinchamiento de la matriz (particularmente en los fluidos fisiológicos de las localizaciones objetivo pertinentes en el cuerpo del paciente).
Según la invención, el término matriz de difusión "sustancialmente no hinchable" también se refiere a una matriz cuyo volumen se incrementará en aproximadamente 300%, preferiblemente en aproximadamente 200%, más preferiblemente en aproximadamente 100%, en aproximadamente 75% o en aproximadamente 50%, aún más preferiblemente en aproximadamente 30% o en aproximadamente 20% y lo más preferiblemente en aproximadamente 15%, en aproximadamente 10%, en aproximadamente 5% o en aproximadamente 1% en soluciones acuosas (y particularmente en los fluidos fisiológicos de las localizaciones objetivo pertinentes en el cuerpo del paciente).
En el contexto de la presente invención, "agonista" o "analgésico" siempre se refiere a la oxicodona. En el contexto de la presente invención, "antagonista" siempre se refiere a la naloxona.
Las preparaciones producidas según la invención se aplican oralmente. Se prefiere especialmente una formulación para aplicación oral.
Aunque esto no estuviera expresamente establecido, el término "agonista" o "antagonista" siempre comprende sales farmacéuticamente aceptables Si se menciona, por ejemplo, la oxicodona o la naloxona, esto también comprende, además de la base libre, su hidrocloruro, sulfato, bisulfato, tartrato, nitrato, citrato, bitartrato, fosfato, malato, maleato, hidrobromuro, hidroyoduro, fumarato, succinato y similares.
Según la invención, los agonistas y antagonistas se formulan de modo que se liberen de la preparación farmacéutica resultante de un modo sostenido, independiente e invariable. Esto no significa que el antagonista esté en exceso en comparación con el agonista. Por el contrario, se prefiere que en formulaciones que comprenden una combinación de agonista/antagonista, que muestran un perfil de liberación de acuerdo con la invención, el agonista esté en exceso en comparación con el antagonista.
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solo las formas de aplicación que proporcionen un retardo suficiente y un comportamiento de liberación según la invención.
Las preparaciones farmacéuticas también pueden comprender revestimientos peliculares. Sin embargo, se tiene que asegurar que los revestimientos peliculares no influyan negativamente en las propiedades de liberación de los compuestos activos desde la matriz y en la estabilidad al almacenamiento de los compuestos activos dentro de la matriz. Tales revestimientos peliculares se pueden colorear o pueden comprender una dosificación inicial de los compuestos activos si se requiere. Los compuestos activos de esta dosificación inicial se liberarán inmediatamente de modo que el nivel en plasma sanguíneo terapéuticamente eficaz se alcance muy rápidamente.
Las preparaciones farmacéuticas o sus fases preliminares que son conformes a la invención se pueden producir mediante granulación por acumulación o ruptura. Una realización preferida es la producción mediante granulación por pulverización con secado posterior de los gránulos. Otra realización preferida es la producción de gránulos mediante granulación por acumulación en un tambor o sobre un disco de granulación. A continuación, los gránulos se pueden prensar, p. ej. en comprimidos, usando sustancias y procedimientos adicionales apropiados.
El experto en la técnica está familiarizado con la tecnología de granulación que se aplica a la tecnología farmacéutica. Los ejemplos de realizaciones (véase posteriormente) divulgan realizaciones específicas de la invención. Sin embargo, está totalmente dentro del alcance del experto en la técnica adaptar los parámetros del procedimiento a fin de conseguir propósitos específicos.
La producción de preparaciones farmacéuticas o sus fases preliminares, que son conformes a la invención, mediante tecnología de extrusión es especialmente ventajosa. En una realización preferida, se producen preparaciones farmacéuticas o sus fases preliminares mediante extrusión en estado fundido con extrusoras co-o contragiratorias que comprenden dos tornillos. Otra realización preferida es la producción por medio de extrusión, con extrusoras que comprenden uno o más tornillos. Estas extrusoras también pueden comprender elementos amasadores.
La extrusión también es un procedimiento de producción muy establecido en la tecnología farmacéutica y es muy conocida para el experto en la técnica. El experto en la técnica es consciente de que, durante el procedimiento de extrusión, diversos parámetros, tales como la velocidad de alimentación, la velocidad de los tornillos, la temperatura de calentamiento de las diferentes zonas de la extrusora (si están disponibles), el contenido de agua, etc., se pueden variar a fin de producir productos de las características deseadas. La sección de Ejemplos proporciona numerosos ejemplos de preparaciones según la invención que se han producido mediante extrusión.
Los susodichos parámetros dependerán del tipo específico de extrusora usado. Durante la extrusión, la temperatura de las zonas de calentamiento, en las que se funden los componentes de la formulación de la invención, puede estar entre 40 y 120°C, preferiblemente entre 50 y 100°C, más preferiblemente entre 50 y 90°C, aún más preferiblemente entre 50 y 70°C y lo más preferiblemente entre 50 y 65° C, particularmente si se usan extrusoras de dos tornillos contragiratorios (tales como Leistritz Micro 18 GGL). El experto en la técnica es consciente de que no se tienen que calentar todas las zonas de calentamiento. Particularmente, tras el depósito alimentador en el que se mezclan los componentes, puede ser necesario un enfriamiento a alrededor de 25°C. La velocidad de los tornillos puede variar entre 100 y 500 revoluciones por minuto (rpm), preferiblemente entre 100 y 250 rpm, más preferiblemente entre 100 y 200 rpm y lo más preferiblemente alrededor de 150 rpm, particularmente si se usan extrusoras de dos tornillos contragiratorios (tales como Leistritz Micro 18 GGL). La geometría y el diámetro de la tobera se puede seleccionar según se requiera. El diámetro de la tobera de las extrusoras comúnmente usadas está típicamente entre 1 y 10 mm, preferiblemente entre 2 y 8 mm y lo más preferiblemente entre 3 y 5 mm. La relación de longitud frente a diámetro del tornillo de las extrusoras que se pueden usar para la producción de preparaciones de la invención está típicamente alrededor de 40:1.
Generalmente, las temperaturas de las zonas de calentamiento se tienen que seleccionar de modo que no se desarrollen temperaturas que puedan destruir los compuestos farmacéuticamente activos. La velocidad de alimentación y la velocidad de los tornillos se seleccionarán de modo que los compuestos farmacéuticamente activos se liberen de las preparaciones producidas mediante extrusión de un modo sostenido, independiente e invariable y sean estables al almacenamiento en la matriz. Si, p. ej., se incrementa la velocidad de alimentación, la velocidad de los tornillos se puede tener que incrementar de forma correspondiente para asegurar el mismo retardo.
El experto en la técnica sabe que todos los parámetros susodichos dependen de las condiciones de producción específicas (tipo de extrusora, geometría de los tornillos, número de componentes, etc.) y se pueden tener que adaptar de modo que las preparaciones producidas mediante extrusión proporcionen una liberación sostenida, independiente e invariable así como la susodicha estabilidad al almacenamiento.
El experto en la técnica puede inferir de los Ejemplos (véase posteriormente) que cambiando los parámetros durante la extrusión y cambiando la composición con respecto a los compuestos que son sustancialmente responsables del comportamiento de liberación de las preparaciones, se pueden obtener preparaciones con diferentes perfiles de liberación.
Así, la presente invención permite producir en primer lugar una preparación con un perfil de liberación deseado para
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- Tiempo (min.)
- Ti/Nal-50/4-T Ti/Nal-50/4-N TilNal-100/8-T TilNal-100/8-N TilNal-150/12-T TilNal-150/12-N
- Til
- Nal Til Nal Til Nal
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 60
- 37,2 27,6 33,9 27,3 29,9 23,3
- 120
- 47,6 31,7 46,5 33,4 41,5 28,5
- 180
- 54,7 37,4 55 41,2 48,2 35
- 240
- 59,7 44 68,2 59,5 54,5 40,1
- 300
- 65,2 50,6 82,6 72,9 60,5 47,5
- 360
- 70,3 58 85,7 82,7 67,2 56,4
- 420
- 74,2 60,8 93,1 90,9 84,9 78,9
Los valores de liberación se refieren a tilidina o naloxona (línea 2) y se dan como porcentajes. El valor medio para la liberación de naloxona en, p. ej., 420 min. es 78,87%. La desviación máxima en 420 min. es 20,4%. Til y Nal representan tilidina y naloxona e indican el compuesto activo probado.
5 Ejemplo 6 – Comparación estructural de los comprimidos de los Ejemplos 1 y 2 con comprimidos Valoron® N mediante microscopía electrónica.
Para la microscopía electrónica se usaron comprimidos que comprendían 20 mg de oxicodona y 10 mg de naloxona y se produjeron bien mediante granulación por pulverización según el Ejemplo 1 (Ox/Nal-10) o bien mediante extrusión según el Ejemplo 2 (Oxi/Nal-Extr). Adicionalmente, se usó un comprimido Valoron® N con 100 mg de 10 tilidina y 8 mg de naloxona. Las Figuras 5A y 5B muestran diferentes ampliaciones de fotografías de microscopía electrónica de barrido de un comprimido Ox/Nal-10 con una formulación según la invención que se produjo mediante granulación por pulverización. Las Figuras 6A y 6B muestran diferentes ampliaciones de fotografías de microscopía electrónica de barrido de comprimidos Oxi/Nal-Extr con una formulación según la invención, que se produjo mediante extrusión. Las Figuras 7A y 7B muestran fotografías de microscopía electrónica de barrido del comprimido
15 Valoron® N.
A partir de una comparación de las figuras, se puede observar claramente que los comprimidos con una formulación según la invención tienen una superficie que es sustancialmente más fina y más homogéneamente estructurada y que muestra menos grietas que el comprimido Valoron®, independientemente de si los comprimidos se han producido mediante granulación por pulverización o extrusión. Posiblemente, la diferencia estructural es la razón
20 para los diferentes comportamientos de liberación de las diferentes preparaciones.
Ejemplo 7 – Producción de comprimidos con diferentes cantidades de oxicodona/naloxona en una matriz de difusión no hinchable mediante extrusión:
Las siguientes cantidades de los componentes listados se usaron para la producción de comprimidos de oxicodona/naloxona según la invención.
- Preparación ( denominación)
- OxN20/1-Extr-A OxN20/1-Extr-B OxN20/1-Extr-C OxN20/10-Extr-A
- HCl de oxicodona
- 20 mg 20 mg 20 mg 20 mg
- HCl de naloxona
- 1 mg 1 mg 1 mg 10 mg
- Lactose Flow Lac 100
- 58,25 mg 58,25 mg 58,25 mg 49,25 mg
- Kollidon® 30
- 6 mg 6 mg 6 mg 6 mg
- Etilcelulosa
- 10 mg 10 mg 10 mg 10 mg
- Alcohol estearílico
- 24 mg 24 mg 24 mg 24 mg
- Talco
- 1,25 mg 1,25 mg 1,25 mg 1,25 mg
- Estearato Mg
- 2,5 mg 2,5 mg 2,5 mg 2,5 mg
14
La extrusión se realizó como se describe anteriormente (Ejemplo 2) con los siguientes parámetros:
OxN20/1-Extr-A: temperatura: 55-63°C rpm (tornillo): 150 rpm velocidad de alimentación: 1,5 kg/h
OxN20/1-Extr-B: temperatura: 55-63°C rpm (tornillo): 155 rpm velocidad de alimentación: 1,5 kg/h
OxN20/1-Extr-C: temperatura: 55-63°C rpm (tornillo): 1.505 rpm velocidad de alimentación: 1,5 kg/h
OxN20/10-Extr-A: temperatura: 55-63°C rpm (tornillo): 160 rpm velocidad de alimentación: 1,75 kg/h
La producción de comprimidos se realizó con un dispositivo de formación de comprimidos común con los siguientes parámetros:
OxN20/1-Extr-A: rpm: 40 rpm Intensidad de presión: 9 kN
OxN20/1-Extr-B: rpm: 42 rpm Intensidad de presión: 8,9 kN OxN20/1-Extr-C: rpm: 36 rpm
Intensidad de presión: 9 kN OxN20/10-Extr-A: rpm: 36 rpm Intensidad de presión: 7,5 kN 5
La liberación de los compuestos activos se midió a lo largo de un período de tiempo de 12 horas, aplicando el método de la cesta según USP a pH 1,3 usando HPLC. Se probaron los comprimidos OxN20/1-Extr-A, OxN20/1Extr-B, OxN20/1-Extr-C y OxN20/10-Extr-A.
Se identifica a partir de los valores listados en la Tabla que en el caso de una matriz de difusión no hinchable basada
10 en etilcelulosa, las velocidades de liberación de diferentes cantidades de naloxona, independientemente de la cantidad de oxicodona, permanecen sustancialmente iguales. De forma correspondiente, las preparaciones proporcionan una liberación independiente e invariable de los compuestos activos.
- Tiempo (min.)
- OxN20/1-Extr-A OxN20/1-Extr-B OxN20/1-Extr-C OxN20/10-Extr-A
- Oxi
- Nal Oxi Nal Oxi Nal Oxi Nal
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 0
- 15
- 21,2 25,8 21,7 21,1 19,7 19,3 23,3 24,3
- 120
- 56,6 53,8 58,8 57,3 57,7 56,2 64,5 66,9
- 420
- 87,2 84,5 94,2 92,6 93,7 91,5 92,7 96,3
- 720
- 99,7 96,8 100,1 98 100,6 97,5 93,6 97,4
Los valores de liberación se refieren a oxicodona o naloxona (línea 2) y se dan como porcentajes. El valor medio 15 para la liberación de naloxona en, p. ej., 420 min. es 92,3%. La desviación máxima en 420 min. es 7,4%. Oxi y Nal representan oxicodona y naloxona e indican el compuesto que se ha medido.
15
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- 2003-04-04 EP EP10180494A patent/EP2311438A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-04 EP EP17154462.0A patent/EP3241548A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-04 ES ES11177516.9T patent/ES2627298T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-04-04 EP EP11177520.1A patent/EP2425825B9/en not_active Revoked
- 2003-04-04 ES ES11177518.5T patent/ES2627300T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2003-04-04 WO PCT/EP2003/003541 patent/WO2003084504A2/en active Application Filing
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- 2003-04-04 KR KR10-2004-7015828A patent/KR20040098050A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-04-04 DK DK03720424.5T patent/DK1492505T3/en active
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- 2003-04-04 SI SI200332524A patent/SI2425821T1/sl unknown
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2006
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2010
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2011
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2012
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2013
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2014
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2015
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2018
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