ES2209508T3 - DEVICE FOR A ROCK WALL. - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for sealing a rock wall, which device comprises an injection tube (3) adapted to be introduced into a bore hole (30) in the rock wall, into which bore hole filling material (31) is intended to be injected through the injection tube (3). The device also comprises a non-return valve (4) for the filling material, and may be permanently connected to a reinforcement bar (1) in order for the device to achieve both sealing and reinforcement.

Description

Device for a rock wall.

Technical field

The invention relates to a device for seal a rock wall, device comprising a tube of injection adapted to be inserted into a perforated hole on the rock wall, inside whose perforated hole is inject a filler material through the injection tube.

According to one aspect of the invention, the device may also comprise a rebar, for example, a conventional reinforcing bar, so that a sealing effect and a reinforcing effect are achieved at the same time through the use of the device. The invention is used in the construction of tunnels and other rock cavities.

Prior art

When working on rock walls, for example to build tunnels or cavities in the rock, very often it becomes necessary to reinforce the rock wall in order to increase resistance, and seal cracks and the like to prevent moisture and water from entering the tunnel or cavity. The known methods of reinforcement consist of providing the wall rock drill holes evenly distributed, which they can have a diameter of about half a decimeter and a depth of approximately 1-6 meters.

A method of reinforcing rock walls has consisting and currently consists of insertion within drilling holes of two pipes of different diameter arranged concentrically. The space between the walls of the tubes is filled with cement or concrete, after which it remove the tubes before the filling material hardens and you can stick a rebar inside the hole central. A major disadvantage of this method is that the material of filling and the reinforcement bar fall out of the hole with relative frequency, which is why you have to repeat to often reinforcement several times before it succeeds. Yes also penetrates water from the rock inside the cracks that lead inside the drill hole, the filling material can   be dragged through the water before it hardens. In this case, it is necessary to seal the rock in a first stage, placing a rubber stopper or tap normally in the opening of the drill hole and fill the hole with concrete or cement which is then solidified. After this a hole is drilled hole in concrete / cement that is reinforced in the same way as It has been described above. It is clear that the method comprises several  stages and yet you are not completely sure that the reinforcement remain in place.

In a more modern system known is introduced a long bolt inside each drill hole, bolt that It is provided in its upper part with an expander to anchor in the drill hole Arranged at the end of the bolt that protruding from the perforated hole there is a washer that is applied as a cap over the drill hole and in the center of which a hemisphere has been arranged. The bolt protrudes from a distance outside the hemisphere and is surrounded there by a nut that is tight when the expander must be anchored in the rock upper bolt. After anchoring, cement paste is injected within the hemisphere to advance internally within the perforated hole, first inside a surrounding plastic tube to the bolt, and then out of this plastic tube until the paste of cement emerges through a hole in the washer. East system provides rock wall reinforcement, but not an appreciable seal of cracks that contain water and Similar. Bolt corrosion problems may also occur if air bubbles form in the cement closest to the same.

In relation to the sealing of a rock wall, using cement or concrete that is poured into the holes of drilling, there is a problem related to water leakage to Through cracks in the rock wall. As far as we know, it doesn't exist currently a device that can be used to fill the drilling holes under a positive pressure of the material of filling.

Conventional methods of wall sealing of rock include, for example, the so-called "lining" of the rock wall that is labor intensive and expensive, that is, the concrete coating. Another known method uses a sealant material that is injected into the rock wall. It has been proven that this causes significant environmental disadvantages, since that the sealing material contains the toxic acrylamide substance, It can be dispersed in groundwater.

SE-A-509139 (WO 98/45576) shows a device to reinforce and seal a wall of rock, device comprising a reinforcing bar adapted to enter into a hole drilled in the rock wall, inside whose drill hole you have to Inject a filler material. The device also includes a check valve for the filling material. The device requires several operational steps for introduction inside a drilling hole and filling it. By consequently, first of all you have to apply a nozzle injection, after which the bolt itself is inserted via a hole provided in the injection nozzle.

Brief exposition of the invention

In the following, the invention in relation to a device that is adapted at the same time to seal and reinforce a rock wall. It will be understood without however that the invention also relates to a device that It is adapted to seal but not to reinforce the rock wall, in in which case the device does not comprise a reinforcing rod or anchoring means.

The objective of the present invention is to offer a device to reinforce and seal a rock wall, by means whose device is avoided or at least minimized, disadvantages mentioned above being possible to carry out the reinforcement and sealing of the rock wall in a few stages, which it means that the reinforcement remains safely in your site, at the same time you get to seal the cracks water carriers that lead into the holes of drilling, and avoiding air bubbles in the cement.

This is achieved by means of a device to reinforce and seal a rock wall, whose device comprises a reinforcing rod, for example a reinforcing bar conventional intended to be introduced into a hole of drilling into the rock wall inside whose hole of perforation is then injected a filler material, said device also comprising a check valve For the filling material. The check valve is adapted to resist a positive pressure of the filler material in the drilling hole. The material is then injected filling under positive pressure, to seal the cracks in the rock that lead into the perforated hole. Said valve retention consists of a sleeve that encloses an injection tube provided with alida openings, whose injection tube joins preferably to said reinforcing bar or equivalent.

Other features and aspects of the invention will be apparent by the following claims and the Detailed description of the invention.

Brief description of the drawings

Reference will be made in the detailed description of the invention to the attached drawings, of which

Figure 1 represents a side view, partially in section, of the part of the sealing device and reinforcer that is positioned adjacent to the hole opening of drilling and containing the check valve,

Figure 2 represents a side view, partially in section, of the part of the device that is positions further into the drill hole and that It contains an expander to anchor in the rock,

Figure 3 represents a top view of a lock washer for the expander of figure 2, before form the lock washer for your application,

Figure 4 represents a side view, partially in section, of the drilling hole and the reinforcement during the hardening phase of the material filling,

Figure 5 represents a side view, partially in section, of the reinforcement finished in the rock,

Figure 6 represents a side view, partially in section, of the embodiment of the invention which is a sealing device without a reinforcing rod, showing Figure the device inside the drill hole during the hardening phase of the filler material.

Detailed description of the invention

With reference first to Figure 1, a reinforcement bar, which is part of the device, is described by the number 1. For reasons of technical drawing the bar reinforcement of the figure is sectioned at the top but it actually has a length of approximately 0.5-10 m, preferably 1-7 m and even more preferably 2-5 m. In figures 1 and 2 shows the device placed in a drilling hole vertical, directed upwards, on the roof of a tunnel or cavity of rock, whose position is used in the continuation of the description. However, it will be understood that the device may also be used in a horizontal hole, an oblique hole or a vertical hole, directed down. The reinforcement bar 1 It has a strongly profiled surface to hold so safe in cement or concrete, hereinafter called material of stuffing, which will surround it. United as extension of the bar reinforcement arranged at the bottom, via a sleeve of coupling 2 firmly welded on both ends, there is a tube of injection 3 which therefore has a longitudinal cavity inside and is open at the bottom for hose connection in order to fill it with the filling material.

Arranged at a distance below the sleeve of coupling for reinforcement bar 1 and the pipe injection 3 there is a check valve 4. This valve retention 4 is adapted to withstand a positive pressure of the filler material when injected under positive pressure inside the drill hole through the valve retention. Thanks to this check valve, the material of filling does not come out of the drilling hole before solidify, despite the positive pressure. Valve retention 4 preferably comprises a rubber sleeve 5 which surrounds a part of the injection tube 3. In the area of the sleeve rubber, the injection tube has a series of outlet openings 6 for the filling material. The rubber sleeve, which obviously it can also be manufactured in another resistant material, with a certain degree of elasticity, it is conveniently formed by a shell of a truncated cone, which has a first diameter in the bottom and a second diameter, smaller, in the part higher. In the first diameter, the rubber sleeve 5 is Vulcanized firmly on an internally threaded eye nut 7, which in turn is threaded firmly onto a fastener 8 in the form of an externally threaded ring. The fixing element in ring shape 8 encloses injection tube 3 and is welded firmly to it. The ring-shaped fastener 8 it also has a tab 9 at the bottom, on whose upper surface of the flange rests the eye nut 7. The upper, smaller diameter of rubber sleeve 5 is adapted and perfectly sealed around the injection tube 3. To this end, a few lip seals have been provided at the peak internal, for example two, consisting of O-rings that are put inside the rubber sleeve, or a few projections continuous inside the rubber sleeve in the part of the tip.

Under tab 9, the injection tube is surrounded by a narrow tube 13 with an upper flange 14 that is placed near the bottom surface of the tab 9. Resting against the bottom surface of the flange 14 is the end upper short of a sleeve-shaped joint 10, consisting of also conveniently in rubber. This rubber sleeve 10 surrounds a part of the lower section of the injection tube surrounded  by the narrow tube 13, resting its lower short end against a washer 11 resting in turn against a nut 12. In the area of the nut 12 and at a distance below the rubber sleeve 10 the injection tube 3 and / or the narrow tube 13 are threaded externally with the same thread size as nut 12.

Arranged on the top of the device, conveniently at the top, there is a top piece forming an expander The expander is represented in Figure 2, which forms a continuation of the device shown in figure 1, connecting a longer piece of reinforcement bar 1 (only partially shown) the part according to figure 1 a the part according to figure 2. The expander is attached to the reinforcement bar by means of a shaped part of sleeve 21 that is firmly welded at the bottom of the end of the reinforcement bar and which contains in its upper part a internal thread Screwed in with this thread is a pin coupling 22 consisting of a straight pin provided with thread internal at least remotely at the bottom and remote at The high part. In the upper part, the coupling pin 22 is partially screwed -in the unexpanded state- within a hole provided with an internal thread in a core part 23. The hole is here long enough to allow screwing later when the device anchor must be executed in the rock, which will be described in more detail. The core part 23 is tapered at the top to form a short conical piece 24 and is externally threaded on top of this conical piece, a cone upper 25 surrounding the conical part 24 and a part of the section upper part of the core 23. The upper cone 25 has a internal bevel at the bottom that is adapted according to the conical piece 24 of the core part 23. Arranged above the cone top there is a top nut 26 to firmly hold the cone higher. Between the inner bevel of the upper cone and the conical piece 24 of the core part, a series of lock washers 27, preferably 1-10, conveniently 2-6, they are fixed around the core part 23. A lock washer of this kind is represented on its state level in figure 3 and consists of a washer provided of a series of grooves 41, preferably 2-10, conveniently 4-7. When these lock washers have been fixed on the conical part 24 of the core part, they take the form of an envelope of A truncated cone. Arranged under these lock washers, surrounding the upper part of the coupling pin 22 and the part  bottom of the core part 23 there is a loose sleeve 28 with a inwardly directed tab 29 arranged at the bottom. Is tab 29 rests against the upper short end of the piece of separation 21.

Unless otherwise indicated, the details described are preferably manufactured in steel called for cams, which can be hot dip galvanized or protected superficially otherwise.

Figure 3 shows how one said lock washer 27 in its level state. The slits split of the circumference of the washer, extending almost, but not completely, in the direction of the diameter of the inner hole of the washer and conveniently having a certain tapered width inwardly and a further radius. Drill diameter Inside the washer is conveniently provided with one piece Shortest line 42, to prevent the washer from rotating when it seats in the core part 23. The lock washers are conveniently manufactured in cold rolled steel, and tempered, 0.1-1 mm thick, preferably 0.2-0.7 mm and even more preferably 0.3-0.45 mm In a preferred embodiment, the washer has an outside diameter of approximately 60 mm and a bore diameter of approximately 20 mm.

The function of the device is as follows. I know drill a hole 30 in the rock wall, figure 4, so less the same length as the device length. I know insert the device into the drilling hole so that washer 11 and nut 12 be located in the mouth of the drill hole After this a series of revolutions to the injection tube 3, conveniently by means of a hydraulic device that takes the part of the injection tube Hovering out of the hole. The rotation thus extends to the bar reinforcement 1 and also to the separation piece in the form of sleeve 21 that is attached to the top of the bar reinforcement. As a result of this, the upper part of the pin coupling 22 is screwed more into the threaded hole in the part core, in which the upper short end of the piece of separation press the bottom flange 29 of the sleeve 28 of so that the sleeve is pressed up against the lock washers 27. Sleeve 28 will then act as pressure device on the lock washers so that its wrapped form of a truncated cone is at least flattened slightly. The circumference of the lock washers will be like this strongly pressed into the hole walls of drilling in order to anchor the entire device in the rock. The Next stage involves sealing the drill hole with the device contained inside the bottom by tightening the nut 12 so that the rubber sleeve 10 is compressed in an axial direction, expanding in a radial direction to seal between the injection tube 3 and the bottom walls of the drill hole, figure 4. You can then connect a pipe (not shown) to the injection tube and inject the material of filling 31A under positive pressure, so that the material of filling flow out of the outlet openings 6 in the tube injection and penetrate into the drilling hole in the upper diameter of the rubber sleeve 5. The rubber sleeve 5 acts here as a check valve integrated in the device so that the filling material, despite being under positive pressure, cannot back out of drilling hole before hardening. Beneficially, it has also provided a small diameter conduit 35, by example of a type of hydraulic tube, which flows into the region more distant from drill hole 30. Preferably, ends upstream of the separation piece 21. The duct 35 is adapted to act as a degassing duct that conducts air and gases out of the drilling hole when Enter the filling material. During the introduction of filler material, the open end, adjacent to the entrance of the drill hole, duct 35 is sealed when the filler material begins to leave the duct continuously, after which you can advance the introduction of the material of filling inside the drill hole under pressure positive.

Due to the positive pressure, the material of padding is also forced to penetrate all the cracks 32 leading to the inside of the drill hole, despite the fact that these cracks can contain water. When has reached the desired positive pressure, which can reach approximately a positive pressure of 100 bar or conveniently a positive pressure of approximately 50-80 bar, the tube connection can be separated, allowing the 31A filler material under positive pressure, thanks to the valve Retention 4 and rubber sleeve 10. When it has hardened the filling material, the nut 12 is unscrewed, the washer 11 and the rubber sleeve 10 is removed from the hole medium of the narrow tube 13 provided with a flange.

The space under tab 15 is then fill with filler material 31B (figure 5) providing the drilling hole opening of a larger washer (no shown) with a hole to the side to fill with material filling and evacuating the hole through a tube of air. However, if the risk of corrosion is not large, the narrow tube 13 provided with a flange may be outside the device, in which case the rubber sleeve 10, the washer 11 and the nut 12 may instead remain permanently in its site after applying the device to the drilling hole. The drill hole opening and its surroundings are then covered immediately, in a conventional manner, with a disc or washer 33 planes, which is pressed against the rock wall by means of a nut 34 that is screwed into the protruding part of the tube injection.

Through the invention a relatively simple and cheap sealing construction and a check valve function that allows material to be injected filling inside a drill hole and let it harden under a positive positive pressure. Construction relatively simple and cheap also allows the seal to be cast, the valve retention and expander inside the drill hole and form thus an effectively permanent material but, nevertheless, disposable without incurring expenses that are too high. The air bubbles promoting corrosion near the bar Reinforcement are counteracted due to positive pressure. Other advantage of the device according to the invention is that it can be used for viscosity or dry content filler variables according to the circumstances and preference.

Referring now to figure 6, it can be seen that the embodiment of the invention, which is a device for sealing the rock wall without reinforcing it fully corresponds to the lower part of the device shown in figures 1, 4 and 5. By consequently, the device of the embodiment of figure 6 does not It comprises a reinforcing rod or anchoring means. On the other hand the  injection tube 3 ends just downstream of the valve retention 4 with a blind terminal wall 3A. Through the device according to the embodiment of figure 6, it can be insert filling material into the drilling hole under positive pressure, and let it harden under pressure retained positive, thus achieving a good seal of the cracks 32 They are formed in the drilling hole. This realization of the invention is preferably used in rocks that are relatively resistant, but containing water.

The invention is not limited to the embodiment. described above but can be varied within the scope of the claims that follow from the patent. The expert perceives so easily that, for example, the expander to anchor the device in the rock can run according to different modes, some of which belong to the prior art. The sealing and reinforcing device can possibly be used, even totally, without anchoring. Check valve 4 and the rubber sleeve 10 can also be designed to be executed in other ways and in other materials.

Claims (19)

1. Device for sealing a rock wall, device comprising an injection tube (3) adapted to be inserted into a perforation hole (30), into the rock wall, into whose perforation hole a material is injected filling (31) through the injection tube (3), characterized in that said device also comprises a check valve (4) for the filling material, whose check valve (4) comprises a sleeve (5) surrounding a tube injection (3), and because the injection tube (3) is provided with outlet openings (6) in the area of the sleeve (5). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that said check valve (4) is adapted to withstand a positive pressure of the filling material (31) in the drilling hole and is connected in the device to the injection tube (3 ). 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said sleeve (5) is made of rubber. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said sleeve (5) has the shape of a truncated cone shell, its circumference being arranged at its narrowest short end, tightly around the injection tube ( 3), and its circumference being strongly connected at its widest short end, to the injection tube (3). Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said device, in the part that is adapted to be placed adjacent to the opening of the perforation hole (30), is provided with a gasket (10) provided to act against the drill hole walls. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that said joint (10) consists of a sleeve, preferably of rubber or other elastic and resistant material, surrounding the injection tube (34) in a position upstream of said valve of retention (4), whose sleeve is intended to achieve a sealing effect against the perforation hole walls (30) by expansion in a radial direction when compressed in an axial direction, said sleeve (10) being preferably provided to be removed when the filling material has hardened so that the space occupied by the sleeve can be filled by more filling material. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a degassing duct (35) is arranged in connection with the device, whose degassing duct (35) is adapted to evacuate the air and gases from the drilling hole (30) when the filler material (31) is injected into the drilling hole. 8. Device for reinforcing and sealing a rock wall, the device of which comprises a reinforcing bar (1) adapted to be inserted into a perforation hole (30) in the rock wall, into whose perforation hole it is intended to inject a filling material (31), characterized in that said device also comprises a check valve (4) for the filling material, whose check valve (4) comprises a sleeve (5), which surrounds an injection tube (3) provided of outlet openings (6) in the area of the sleeve (5), whose injection tube is connected to said reinforcing bar (1). Device according to claim 8, characterized in that said check valve (4) is adapted to withstand a positive pressure of the filling material (31) in the drill hole and is permanently connected in the device to the reinforcing bar ( 1), before inserting the device into said drilling hole (30). 10. Device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that said filling material is provided to be injected under positive pressure, said filling material being sealed by all the cracks (32) of the rock leading into the hole of drilling. 11. Device according to any of claims 8-10, characterized in that said injection tube is permanently attached to said reinforcing bar. 12. Device according to any of claims 8-11, characterized in that said sleeve (5) is made of rubber. 13. Device according to any of claims 8-12, characterized in that said sleeve (5) is in the form of a truncated cone shell, its circumference being arranged at the short and narrower end, tightly around the tube of injection (3), and its circumference being strongly connected at its widest short end, to the injection tube (3). 14. Device according to any of claims 8-13, characterized in that said device, in the part which is adapted to be placed adjacent to the opening of the perforation hole (30), is provided with a gasket (10) provided to act against the drill hole walls. 15. Device according to claim 14, characterized in that said joint (10) consists of a sleeve, preferably of rubber or other resilient, elastic material, surrounding the injection tube (3) in a position upstream of said valve of retention (4), whose sleeve achieves a sealing effect against the walls of the drilling hole by expansion in a radial direction when compressed in an axial direction, said sleeve (10) being preferably provided to be removed when the material has hardened of filling, so that the space occupied by the sleeve can be filled with more filling material. 16. Device according to any of claims 8-15, characterized in that a degassing duct (35) is arranged in connection with the device, whose degassing duct (35) is adapted to evacuate the air and gases from the drilling hole ( 30) when the filler material is injected (31). 17. Device according to any of claims 8-16, characterized in that the device, preferably in the part that is intended to be placed more inwardly of the drill hole, is provided with an expander for anchoring in the rock, whose expander It is preferably arranged to be expanded by rotation of the reinforcing bar (1). 18. Device according to claim 17, characterized in that said expander comprises lock washers (27) provided with grooves that are arranged around the reinforcing bar (1) or around an upper part (23) attached to the reinforcing bar, whose lock washers adopt before the expansion the shape of the envelope of a truncated cone. 19. Device according to claim 18, characterized in that said expander comprises a pressure device (28) which for the expansion of the expander is provided to be pressed against said lock washers (27) so that its shell shape is a truncated cone is flattened at least slightly, in which the lock washers are anchored in their circumference in the perforation hole walls