Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
  • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
  • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
  • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
  • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
  • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
  • B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
  • E04C2/46—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose specially adapted for making walls
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/44—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the purpose
  • E04C2/50—Self-supporting slabs specially adapted for making floors ceilings, or roofs, e.g. able to be loaded
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
  • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B13/12—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
  • B32B13/14—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
  • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
  • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
  • B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
  • B32B2262/067—Wood fibres
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2305/02—Cellular or porous
  • B32B2305/026—Porous
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2305/30—Fillers, e.g. particles, powders, beads, flakes, spheres, chips
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
  • B32B27/302—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising aromatic vinyl (co)polymers, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer

Definitions

• the invention relates to panels for a floor or wall, and more particularly for a wall of a building. State of the art
• Precast concrete panels can still be used to make walls from one or two panels, but these panels are heavy to transport and require a large amount of concrete.
• the space between the panels is filled with a metal frame having a "Z" shape for holding the panels, which makes the assembly very bulky.
• French patent applications FR2567942, FR3072701 which disclose a sandwich wall panel consisting of an insulating panel interposed between an inner wall and an outer wall, the walls being made of concrete.
• French patent application FR2835272 discloses an insulating wall comprising an insulating panel comprised between two concrete panels, the panel being reinforced by rods embedded in the wall and passing through the insulating panel.
• FR2950910 discloses a panel for the production of a construction comprising two parallel uprights coated in a binder consisting of cement and chipped wood.
• the panel further comprises two grooves, located respectively on two opposite sides of the panel, to accommodate assembly elements intended to be attached to the uprights. But such a panel is complex to make and requires the use of at least two uprights to reinforce the panel. It also does not provide sufficient thermal insulation.
• Patent application EP1602789 discloses a wall panel comprising a polystyrene panel comprised between two panels comprising fiberglass mesh mixed with cement. But these panels must be made on site, and cannot be transported.
• European patent application EP2025823 discloses a panel with several layers produced by compacting, the layers having densities which vary alternately between a low density and a high density.
• the layers are made from a material comprising wood chips mineralized with cement or a magnesite binder.
• the layers are produced one after the other by compacting each layer to obtain the desired density. But such a panel can be heavy and difficult to transport.
• porous plate made from lightweight concrete such as cellular concrete.
• the porous plate is covered on its two opposite sides by a panel of fibrous material, for example long-fiber wood wool.
• a panel of fibrous material for example long-fiber wood wool.
• Document DE1571406 discloses a lightweight construction panel formed by a rigid foam panel, the two opposite main faces of which are covered with a mixture of wood chips and cement.
• the mixture of wood chips and cement is known to separate from the foam board when the shear forces increase.
• Document FR2570738 discloses a sandwich panel formed by an insulating plate of polystyrene which separates two resistant facings of wood concrete.
• the polystyrene insulating plate defines dovetail hollows on two opposite faces to allow pouring of the two resistant facings. Grooves are formed in the side walls of the polystyrene layer to join several panels. Disclosure of the invention
• An object of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks, and more particularly to provide means for producing a floor or a wall of a building which improves thermal insulation without penalizing the breathability of the panel and its mechanical strength.
• Another object is to provide means for producing a panel intended to make a floor or a wall, which can be prefabricated and transportable from the place of prefabrication to the place of assembly of a building.
• a panel for a floor or wall comprising a first plate, a second plate and a third intermediate plate mounted between the first and second plates, the third intermediate plate comprising a thermal insulating material.
• the first and second plates comprise a material capable of hardening in which organic elements of plant origin are embedded.
• the panel may include attachment means configured to hold the panels of the panel together.
• a panel is provided, the plates of which are securely held together. Such a panel can then be manufactured in the factory and then transported to site for the construction of a building.
• the fixing means may comprise a screw passing through the first plate and the third intermediate plate and partially screwed into the second plate.
• the material capable of hardening may include a hydraulic binder.
• Organic elements of plant origin can be wooden elements.
• the panel may include a spacer mounted in contact against the first and second plates.
• An air space can be formed between the third intermediate plate and the second plate.
• a through opening may be formed within the panel, and the panel has an edge piece located on the periphery of the through opening, the edge piece comprising the same material as that of the first and second plates.
• a method of manufacturing a panel as defined above comprising an assembly, between a first plate and a second plate, of a third intermediate plate comprising a thermal insulating material, the first and second plates comprising a material capable of hardening in which organic elements of plant origin are embedded.
• the method may include, after assembly, screwing a screw passing through the first plate and the third intermediate plate and partially screwed into the second plate.
• the assembly comprises a supply of the first and second plates and a placement of the third intermediate plate between the first and second plates.
• the assembly comprises an embodiment of the first plate, an embodiment of the third intermediate plate on the first plate and an embodiment of the second plate on the third intermediate plate.
• the mounting may include placing a spacer in contact against the first and second plates.
• FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a sectional view of an embodiment of a panel according to the invention
• FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a sectional view of another embodiment of a panel
• FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a sectional view of another embodiment of a panel
• Figure 4 schematically illustrates a front and perspective view of the panel illustrated in Figure 3;
• FIG. 5 schematically illustrates a first step of an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a panel according to the invention
• FIG. 6 schematically illustrates a second step of the panel manufacturing process
• FIG. 7 schematically illustrates a third step of the panel manufacturing process
• FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a fourth step of the panel manufacturing process
• FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a fifth step of the panel manufacturing process
• FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a first step of another embodiment of a method of manufacturing a panel according to the invention
• - Figure 11 schematically illustrates a second step of the panel manufacturing process
• FIG. 12 schematically illustrates a third step of the panel manufacturing process.
• FIGs 1 to 4 there is shown a panel 1 for the floor or wall of a building.
• the panel 1 is intended to manufacture a front wall, or a partition, that is to say that the panel 1 has a generally parallelepipedal shape.
• Panel 1 is intended to be placed vertically with respect to the ground.
• the panel 1 comprises a first plate 2, a second internal plate 3 and a third intermediate plate 4.
• the term “plate” is understood to mean a part whose length and width are greater than the height. In general, the shape of a plate is generally parallelepiped.
• the first and second plates 2, 3 are preferably in one piece.
• the third intermediate plate 4 may be in one piece, or comprise several plate-shaped parts, superimposed on one another. Different variants are possible, either the parts are superimposed in the direction of the height of the panel 1, or in the direction of the length of the panel 1, or possibly a combination of the two.
• the third intermediate plate 4 is mounted between the first and second plates 2, 3.
• the third intermediate plate 4 comprises a thermal insulating material.
• the material comprises, or is made from, polyurethane, polystyrene, or preferably wood wool.
• a thermal insulating material having a thermal conductivity of less than 0.07 Watt / (meter x Kelvin), in particular a thermal conductivity of between 0.02 and 0.04 Watt / (meter x Kelvin).
• the intermediate plate has a thermal resistance which is at least equal to 60% of the thermal resistance of the panel. It is also advantageous if the thermal resistance of the intermediate plate is greater than or equal to 1.5 Watt / (meter x Kelvin).
• the first and second plates 2, 3 comprise a material capable of hardening in which are embedded organic elements of plant origin 5.
• An organic element of plant origin can be wood, straw, cellulose, rice husks, bamboo shavings, hemp or cork.
• An organic element includes carbon.
• the material capable of hardening comprises a hydraulic binder, that is to say a binder which reacts with water to harden.
• the hydraulic binder is mixed with water. As the material dries, it hardens by a chemical reaction between the binder and water.
• the binder is, for example, a cement or lime.
• the material capable of hardening is a mortar.
• the mortar is made from cement or lime and may or may not include sand. More particularly, the term “concrete-wood” is used to refer to the material obtained from a mortar in which wooden elements 5 are embedded.
• the first plate 2 is formed from a first mixture which comprises at least 50 % by volume of particles of plant material.
• the second plate 3 is formed from a second mixture which comprises at least 50% by volume of particles of plant material. Such a high content of particles of plant material makes it easier to obtain a breathable plaque.
• the organic elements of plant origin 5 are wooden elements.
• the wooden elements can be wooden plates having a length less than 75 mm, preferably between 10 and 75 mm, and even more preferably between 20 and 60 mm.
• concrete-wood comprises between 80% and 95%, relative to the total mass of the wooden elements, of wooden elements having a length of between 10 and 60 mm, preferably between 20 and 60 mm.
• the length of the wooden elements is less than the thickness of the first plate 2 and the thickness of the second plate 3.
• the wooden elements are embedded in the concrete, which means that the wooden elements are completely encapsulated. by concrete possibly with the exception of the wood particles which emerge on the faces of the first panel 2 and of the second panel 3.
• the use of first and second breathable plates 2, 3 makes it possible to form a panel which has good thermal resistivity without making the room unpleasant by blocking the water vapor in the room.
• these wood chips have a thickness of between 1 mm and 5 mm.
• microcavities are obtained on the surface of the plate 2, 3, because the concrete coats the wood chips. Such microcavities facilitate the adhesion of the third intermediate plate 4 to the two concrete-wood plates 2, 3.
• the intermediate plate 4 is porous. It is particularly advantageous to use an intermediate plate 4 made of wood wool or any other thermally insulating and porous material, preferably based on an organic material.
• the thickness, that is to say the height, of the first and second plates 2, 3 are different.
• a panel 1 is offered, the thickest plate 2, 3 of which confers a load-bearing property on the panel 1.
• the thinnest plate is intended to withstand temperature variations and will be able to expand while limiting the mechanical forces generated on the third intermediate plate 4.
• the thinnest plate is intended to be placed outside the building.
• the length and the width of the first plate 2, in particular the plate intended to be placed outside the building may be less than the length and the width of the second plate 3. In this case, the expansion of the first plate 2 is facilitated, relative to the second plate 3.
• the internal plate which provides high mechanical strength has a thickness at least equal to 15 cm. It is also preferable that the internal plate has a thickness at least equal to 7 cm to ensure minimum mechanical strength and sufficient thermal resistance. It is preferable that the thicker plate has a thickness which is at least twice the thickness of the thinner plate.
• the thicker plate has a composition different from the composition of the thinner plate.
• the difference in composition may be a difference in the content of particles of plant material.
• the thinnest plate is placed on the outside to block the flow of calories.
• the thicker plate is placed inside and it provides mechanical support to the structure to be formed.
• the external plate is generally at a different temperature from the internal plate which generates the appearance of sets of stresses between the first plate 2 and the second plate 3 linked to the changes in temperature which exist during a day and throughout. year round.
• the interior plate is thick enough to support a roof, floor, and / or upper story.
• the interior plate provides mechanical performance which makes it possible to form a wall supporting a roof or an upper storey, that is to say mechanical performance superior to those of a simple partition.
• the thermally insulating intermediate layer 4 it is advantageous to install the intermediate plate between the first plate 2 and the second plate 3.
• the external plate which protects the intermediate layer 4.
• the external plate can be formed with a mixture which contains finishing and protective additives which are absent from the mixture forming the internal plate.
• the inner plate can be at least twice as thick as the outer plate.
• the inner plate may have a content of particles of plant material which is lower than the content of the outer plate.
• the holding means between the two plates 2 and 3 ensure the formation of a one-piece panel which allows easy handling without hindering the problem. expansion which would result in increased deterioration of the panel. It is particularly interesting that the internal plate which is thicker does not hamper or impose thermal expansion of the external plate.
• the intermediate plate 4 is not fixed mechanically and simultaneously to the first plate 2 and to the second plate 3.
• the intermediate plate 4 can be fixed only to the internal plate or only to the external plate. It is preferable that the intermediate plate 4 is fixed only to the inner plate. It is also advantageous to have an intermediate plate 4 whose Young's modulus is less than or equal to 50% of the Young's modulus of the internal or external plate to which it is fixed so as not to hinder thermal expansion.
• the intermediate plate 4 is not attached directly to the inner plate, nor to the outer plate.
• the intermediate plate 4 is only fixed by the fixing means 6 which performs the fixing of the outer plate with the inner plate.
• the intermediate plate 4 is attached to the inner plate and to the outer plate.
• the intermediate plate 4 has a Young's modulus which is less than 50%, preferably less than 30% of the Young's modulus of the inner plate and the outer plate in the directions perpendicular to the first direction so that the intermediate plate 4 transmits little or no force from the inner plate to the outer plate and vice versa.
• the ratio of the Young's modulus of the intermediate plate 4 to the Young's modulus of the internal plate is less than 1/5, preferably less than 1/10. It is still possible to provide that the breaking strength value of the intermediate plate is less than the force applied by the thinnest plate when the panel is only supported by the thickest plate, in the absence of means. fixing between the first plate 2 and the second plate 3. In other words, the intermediate plate 4 does not have sufficient mechanical strength to ensure the mechanical cohesion between the plates 2 and 3.
• a panel which has load-bearing properties because this avoids having to combine a load-bearing structure and an insulating structure. It is possible that the panel is consolidated by some additional load-bearing elements, for example a reinforced concrete beam.
• the internal plate has sufficient thickness to present a mechanical strength compatible with the formation of a wall capable of supporting a ceiling or an additional floor.
• the panel 1 comprises a fixing means 6 configured to hold the plates 2 to 4 of the panel 1 between them.
• the fixing means 6 comprises one, or more, screws 7 passing through the first plate 2 and the third intermediate plate 4 and partially screwed into the second plate 3.
• the fixing means 6 improve the holding of the set of three plates 2 to 4. Plates 2, 3 in concrete-wood are particularly suitable for receiving a screw 7.
• dowels to hold the screws, and use a hammer drill to make a preliminary hole in traditional concrete to place the anchor.
• the use of a few screws makes it possible to fix the first plate 2 with the second plate 3 to form a one-piece panel facilitating the handling of the panel.
• the use of a few screws securing the first plate 2 to the second plate 3 makes it easy to make a one-piece panel without preventing the differential expansion between the two plates.
• the technical solution proposed in document FR2570738 is not suitable.
• the polystyrene layer continuously connects the two facing plates so that a differential expansion between the two will introduce a set of mechanical stresses in the different layers. Either the polystyrene layer cracks which separates the two facing boards, or at least part of the dovetails cracks which results in the fall of one of the facing boards.
• the screw fixing can be replaced by another type of point fixing.
• FIG. 1 there is illustrated an embodiment of a panel 1 intended to produce a wall.
• the panel 1 rests on a slab 8 placed horizontally on the ground.
• the panel 1 is placed vertically on the slab 8.
• the height of the second plate 3 may be different from that of the first plate 2.
• another slab 9, called the upper slab can be placed on the second plate 3.
• the panel 1 comprises a spacer 10 mounted in contact against the first and second plates 2, 3.
• the spacer 10 may have a cylindrical shape or the shape of a “capital i” profile.
• the spacer 10 protects the third intermediate plate 4 from any deformation.
• the spacer 10 is only fixed to one of the first plate 2 or of the second plate 3, which allows differential expansion without adding additional mechanical stress.
• FIG 2 there is shown another embodiment of the panel 1.
• an air space 11 is formed between the third intermediate plate 4 and the second plate 3. This improves the thermal insulation of the panel 1.
• the air space 11 prevents a water condensation and allows natural ventilation of the panel 1.
• the air space 11 protects the insulation from water degradation.
• FIG. 3 and 4 there is shown another embodiment of the panel 1.
• An opening 12 can be formed within the panel 1.
• the panel 1 comprises an edge piece 13, 14 made from the same material as that used to make the first and second plates 2, 3.
• the material used to make the first and second plates 2, 3 comprises the material capable of hardening in which the organic elements of plant origin are embedded 5.
• the edge piece 13, 14 can be an additional element 13 separate from the first and second plates 2, 3 and fixed to the panel 1 using a screw additional 15.
• the edge piece 13, 14 is an extension 14 of a plate 2, 3, placed at the edge of the opening 12.
• the edge piece 14 formed by extension is an extension perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the plate 2, 3.
• the edge piece 13 is preferably attached to only one of the plates
• a method of manufacturing the panel 1 comprising a mounting, between the first plate 2 and the second plate 3, of the third intermediate plate 4 comprising the thermal insulating material.
• the first and second plates 2, 3 can be manufactured using a mold 30, 31 into which the material to be hardened comprising the organic elements of plant origin 5, in particular the wooden elements, is injected.
• the first plate 2 is produced, then the third plate 4 is placed against the first plate 2. Then the second plate 3 is made in contact against the third plate 4. As a variant, the third plate is made. second plate 3, then spacers 10 are placed against the second plate 2 through the third plate 4. And the second plate 2 is placed against the third intermediate plate 4, when the spacers 10 have a length equal to the thickness of the third intermediate plate 4. As a variant, the spacers 10 have a length greater than the thickness of the third intermediate plate 4, and the second plate is placed against the spacers to form the air space 11 between the third intermediate plate 4 and the second plate 3.
• the method comprises screwing a screw 7 passing through the first plate 2 and the third intermediate plate 3 and partially screwed into the second plate 2.
• the screw or screws 7 make it possible to keep the elements of the panel 1 assembled together. .
• Such a support allows the panel 1 to be transported.
• FIGS. 5 to 9 the main steps have been shown of a first embodiment of a method for manufacturing the panel 1 as defined above.
• the method comprises a step of mounting the plates 2 to 4 with a view to manufacturing the panel 1.
• the assembly comprises four main steps S1 to S4.
• a mold 30 is provided intended to receive the material capable of hardening in which the organic elements of plant origin 5 are embedded, to obtain the first plate 2.
• the material capable of hardening, in which the organic elements of plant origin 5 are embedded is poured into the mold 30.
• the third intermediate plate 4 is placed on the first plate 2.
• one or more spacers 10 can be placed.
• the third intermediate plate 4 can comprise one or more plate-shaped parts. Then, during a fourth step S4, a material capable of hardening is poured into which the organic elements of plant origin 5 are embedded, in order to form the second plate 3 on the third intermediate plate 4. Then, the material is removed. mold 30 to obtain the panel 1. It can be noted that the plates 2 to 4 are held together by virtue of the adhesion between the third intermediate plate 4 to the first and second plates 2, 3. The adhesion is further reinforced thanks to the hardening of the material in contact with the third intermediate plate 4.
• the method can comprise, after assembly, a fifth step S5 in which the screws 7 are integrated through the first plate 2, the third intermediate plate 4 and partly in the second plate 2, to hold the plates 2 to 4 together and form the panel 1.
• FIGS. 10 to 12 the main steps have been shown of a second embodiment of a method for manufacturing the panel 1 as defined above.
• the method comprises a step of mounting the plates 2 to 4 with a view to manufacturing the panel 1.
• the assembly includes three main stages T1 to T3.
• a first mold 30 is provided into which the material capable of hardening is poured into which the organic elements of plant origin are embedded.
• the first mold 30 is removed. to obtain the first plate 2.
• a second mold 31 is provided into which the material capable of hardening is poured into which the organic elements of plant origin are embedded 5.
• the height of the second mold 31 may be greater than that of first mold 30, with a view to obtaining first and second plates 2, 3 having different thicknesses. Then, after hardening of the material, the second mold 31 is removed to obtain the second plate 3. Then, during a third step T3, the third intermediate plate 4 is placed between the first and second plates 2, 3.
• one or more spacers 10 can be placed in contact with each other. one side of a plate 2, 3 among the first and second plates 2, 3.
• the method may include an integration of the screws 7 through the first plate 2, the third intermediate plate 4 and partly in the second plate 2, to hold the plates 2 to 4 together and form the panel 1.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=71894977

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

Families Citing this family (4)

Family Cites Families (23)

• 2020
  • 2020-05-13 FR FR2004731A patent/FR3110186B1/fr active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-05-14 WO PCT/EP2021/062898 patent/WO2021229088A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2021-05-14 CA CA3178546A patent/CA3178546A1/en active Pending
  • 2021-05-14 US US17/918,649 patent/US12359429B2/en active Active
  • 2021-05-14 EP EP21727402.6A patent/EP4150170A1/de active Pending

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events