EP3977218A1 - Module d'usinage et machine-outil avec une unité de détection du profil de l'outil, et procédé de détection du profil de l'outil - Google Patents
Module d'usinage et machine-outil avec une unité de détection du profil de l'outil, et procédé de détection du profil de l'outilInfo
- Publication number
- EP3977218A1 EP3977218A1 EP20731571.4A EP20731571A EP3977218A1 EP 3977218 A1 EP3977218 A1 EP 3977218A1 EP 20731571 A EP20731571 A EP 20731571A EP 3977218 A1 EP3977218 A1 EP 3977218A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- tool holder
- optical system
- profile
- optical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2428—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring existing positions of tools or workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/20—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/28—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece with compensation for tool wear
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
- B23Q17/2233—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2452—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces
- B23Q17/2457—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces of tools
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/248—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves using special electromagnetic means or methods
- B23Q17/249—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves using special electromagnetic means or methods using image analysis, e.g. for radar, infrared or array camera images
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/406—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by monitoring or safety
- G05B19/4065—Monitoring tool breakage, life or condition
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q2717/00—Arrangements for indicating or measuring
- B23Q2717/003—Arrangements for indicating or measuring in lathes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of machine tools.
- the present invention also relates to the field of optical detection of the position of a tool in situ in a machining module, and in particular within a machine tool.
- the present invention also relates to the field of optical detection of the profile of a tool in situ in a machining module, and in particular within a machine tool. It is in particular a machine tool forming a machining machine by removing material and in particular for a rotating machining step (turning, bar turning, etc.), including a controlled machine tool. digital.
- machine tools in particular of bar turning machines, automatic lathes, turning-milling centers, milling machines, machining centers and transfer machines, typically has three distinct phases:
- a machining module the machining plane, that is to say the succession of 'operations and axis movements necessary to obtain the desired workpiece.
- the operator takes care, for example, to obtain the most efficient possible machining plane, that is to say the one which makes it possible to machine a given part with a minimum of operations and avoiding collisions between tools or with the part. He chooses the tools to be used, and checks the quality of the parts obtained, for example the surface finishes, compliance with tolerances, etc.
- a series of parts is produced on the preset machining module, with the parameters defined during the development.
- This phase is the only productive phase; it is often carried out 24 hours a day, the machining module being supplied with raw material by means of a bar feeder or a loader of slips (raw parts).
- flank wear wear strip on the front face
- wear notch wear notch
- crater wear wear causing plastic deformation (depression or bulge)
- formation of a built-up edge wear creating chipping outside the cutting area
- chipping of the cutting edge wear generating a thermal crack, breakage of the cutting edge.
- Some empirical solutions recommend replacing the tool by number of machined parts. Not only do these solutions not optimize the profitability of the production tool, especially in the case of special tools, expensive or difficult to obtain, but they also do not guarantee the untimely breakage of a tool or the consequences. harmful effects of its wear on the quality of the manufactured part.
- this system makes it possible to know whether the tool touches the light barrier or not, but does not give any information on the precise position or on the profile of the end portion of the tool.
- Document FR2645782 describes a tool breakage control system on a machining center equipped with a numerically controlled machine tool. Two cameras take pictures of the tool before and after machining, and the comparison between the images makes it possible to detect an anomaly on the tool.
- Document EP3021183 proposes a device integrated in a machine tool, for checking and correcting the position of the cutting edge of a tool on the tool holder via a camera. However, these installations require the use of a repository
- Document EP0377374 proposes a system for locating the position of a machining tool relative to the machine tool.
- a camera is used which compares two perpendicular images of a block template of known position with corresponding images, displayed
- Document EP2426555 presents an apparatus for detecting the movement of a cutting tool relative to a workpiece.
- This device has a camera which is fixedly mounted in a part of the machine tool which also includes the workpiece mounted on a chuck and the tool holder.
- JPH07246547 uses a detection system to detect the coordinates of a tool, which is composed of a reflector installed on a tool mounting shaft, and of a measuring device of the type comprising laser interferometers to detect the coordinates of the tool.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a machining module that can determine the profile of the end portion of a tool mounted on the tool holder of a machining module. Another object of the invention is to be able to determine
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a machining module free from the limitations of known machining modules. [0023] According to the invention, these goals are achieved in particular by means of a machining module by removing material for a machine tool including:
- a workpiece support control unit capable of controlling and modifying the position of the workpiece support in the machining module
- a tool holder intended to receive a tool having an end portion useful for machining the part mounted on the part support;
- a tool holder control unit capable of controlling and modifying the position of the tool holder in the machining module
- a unit for detecting the profile of the tool mounted on the tool holder comprising an optical system making it possible to determine the profile of said end portion of the tool mounted on the tool holder, in which said optical system is mounted on the workpiece support.
- This solution has the particular advantage over the prior art of placing the means for measuring and detecting the end portion of the tool, in situ in the machining module, therefore in the machine. -tool.
- One of the advantages of this configuration lies in the fact that the measurement or shooting of the end portion of the tool being carried out locally where the machining operations take place, the resulting measurement or image effectively corresponds to the instantaneous reality of the shape / geometry / position of the end portion of the tool without artifacts.
- the tool exhibits deformation due to the local temperature of the machining module, this thermal drift is taken into account, whereas in the event of recourse to a measuring module separate from the machine tool, the tool will have cooled and the measurement will have an artefact due to the change in temperature.
- Another advantage lies in the fact that since the optical system is attached to the workpiece support, all the spatial referencing between the workpiece support and the tool holder serves as referencing between the optical system and the tool seen by the optical system: the measurement artefact due to the change of reference frame occurring if the tool / tool holder is installed in a measurement module separate from the machine tool is avoided.
- said detection unit forms a unit for measuring the profile and therefore the wear of the tool which is integrated into the machining module.
- This arrangement allows in-situ control of tool wear, i.e. within the machining module itself, therefore without removing the tool from the tool holder, and without contact with the tool .
- said detection unit is placed in the machining module, in particular near the tool holder.
- placing the optical system, capable of viewing the end portion of the tool mounted on the tool holder, directly on the workpiece support, as an element of the workpiece support makes it possible to gain in particular in processing time (the optical system is already positioned to detect the end portion of the tool) and in precision (the position of the optical system within the tool holder being known precisely and being fixed, we avoid adding to the determination of the relative position between the optical system and the end portion of the tool an error related to the determination of the relative position between the optical system and the tool holder).
- workpiece support is understood in the sense of “module of the machine tool comprising the elements allowing the assembly and the holding (in particular by clamping) and the
- tool holder is understood to mean “module of the machine tool comprising the elements allowing the assembly and the holding (in particular by clamping or otherwise) and the dismantling of a tool or several tools, as well as the movement of this (these) tool (s) in the space of the machining module of the machine tool ”.
- the optical system belongs to an optical measuring device which is configured to allow, by a single step of taking a picture by the optical system, to determine the three-dimensional relative position between the support of the workpiece and the tool holder.
- the optical system takes a picture of the tool holder, for example of a specific area of the tool holder and according to one possibility, the optical system takes a picture of a target mounted on the tool holder and forming a positioning reference.
- the present invention also relates to a machine tool comprising a machining module as described in the present text, this machine tool also having a unit for monitoring the wear of the tool which is suitable for calculating the deviation of the profile of the tool from the information supplied by said detection unit.
- This is a use of the machining module to analyze the condition of the tool and in particular its wear.
- the invention also relates to:
- FIG. 1 illustrates in perspective a machining module according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows in perspective an enlargement of portion II of Figure 1, showing a different tool mounted on the tool holder,
- FIG. 3 shows in perspective an enlargement of the end portion of the tool which is useful for machining a part, in a configuration of damage following wear, according to portion III of Figure 2 ,
- FIG. 4 illustrates the use of the optical system of the machining module for determining the position and / or the profile of the tool in the tool holder
- FIG. 5 shows in perspective and exploded a tool holder equipped with a three-dimensional target
- FIG. 6 illustrates the use of the optical device of the machining module for determining the measurement in space of the relative position between the tool holder and the workpiece support (also called material spindle)
- Figure 7 is another perspective view corresponding to Figure 6,
- FIG. 8 illustrates the optical device in the three-dimensional locating step between the tool holder and the workpiece support, thanks to the three-dimensional target,
- Figure 9 shows the part of Figure 6 corresponding to the tool holder with the three-dimensional target, from the direction IX of Figure 6, or in the direction Z, as seen by the optical system when the target is oriented in the direction of optical system,
- Figures 10, 11 and 12 are three views illustrating the structure of the three-dimensional target, respectively from the front, in perspective and in section, and Figures 13 and 14 are perspective views of the second structure of the target respectively such as in Figures 10, 11 and 12 and according to an alternative embodiment,
- FIG. 16 shows in perspective is another perspective view corresponding to Figure 4 and showing the use of the optical device of the machining module for determining the profile of the end portion of the tool
- FIG. 17 illustrates in perspective and partially a machining module according to another embodiment of the invention
- - Figure 18 illustrates in perspective a variant of the tool holder carrying a series of tools aligned vertically, each tool being oriented along a horizontal axis around which it is rotatably mounted
- - Figure 19 illustrates in perspective a machining module according to yet another embodiment of the invention.
- the machining module 300 comprises a workpiece support 320 and a tool holder 310.
- the workpiece support 320 can be provided to be removably mounted on the module machining 300, in particular via removable fixing means.
- a workpiece 322 (a blank bar or slug is shown).
- the workpiece support 320 comprises what is called a material spindle, namely comprising, for example, a clamp, a mandrel, a bar turning machine, or else a pallet or a pallet holder.
- the main direction of the workpiece support 320 corresponds to the Z direction.
- the tool holder 310 can be provided to be removably mounted on the machining module 300, in particular via removable fixing means. As seen in Figure 1, on the tool holder 310 is removably mounted a tool 312 (a tap or a milling cutter is shown in a simplified manner).
- the tool holder 310 comprises for example a spindle, a carriage or a vice or even a comb.
- the main direction of the tool holder 310 corresponds to the X direction.
- the vertical direction corresponds to the Y direction
- the three directions X, Y and Z form an orthogonal coordinate system.
- a control unit 302 of the tool holder is capable of
- the machining module 300 also includes a control unit (not shown) for the workpiece support 320.
- the machining module 300 further comprises a detection unit 304, which detects the position but also the profile of the tool 312 mounted on the tool holder 310.
- said detection unit 304 comprises an optical system 100 for determining the profile of the end portion 313 of the tool 312 mounted on the tool holder 310 (see Figures 4, 6 and 8).
- FIG. 1 the detection unit 304
- the optical axis O of this optical system 100 is shown, from the input face 102 of the optical system.
- This optical axis O is, in the arrangement of Figure 1, parallel to the Z direction or main direction of the workpiece support 320. Also, preferably, the optical axis O is orthogonal to the direction of the X axis of the workpiece.
- tool holder 310 as shown in Figure 1.
- the optical system 100 is mounted on the workpiece support 320, at least the entire sensor part of the optical system 100, of the components lighting that may be detached from the sensor part of the optical system 100 and therefore placed elsewhere in the machining module 300.
- this optical system 100 comprises a set of optical components and an image acquisition system.
- an image acquisition system makes it possible to take photographs and / or videos, and is for example a camera or a device.
- an optical system 100 which operates in combination with one or more sources.
- the shooting system of the optical system 100 forms an image sensor.
- the light source or sources associated with the shooting system of the optical system 100 form emitters of electromagnetic radiation, or
- the aforementioned light source (s) is (are) not (a) source (s) of laser radiation; and the shooting system of the optical system 100 according to the invention forms an image sensor which does not have or is not associated with a laser emitter.
- end portion of the tool is understood to mean the end part of the tool which comprises the zones useful for machining, therefore the cutting zone (s), namely which comprises (nt) the cutting edges defined by intersection between the useful faces and the edges.
- the term "profile" of the end portion is understood to mean either a two-dimensional representation of the end portion, or a three-dimensional representation of the end portion.
- this profile can include a line
- this profile can form a shape three-dimensional of the end portion 313 of the tool (for example an insert) including the cutting edge (s). Also, this profile can correspond to a three-dimensional shape of the end portion 313 of the tool represented by a series of lines such as a topographic profile.
- the optical system 100 is configured to make it possible to detect the profile of the end portion 313 of the tool 312 when the tool holder 310 is in an operational measurement position shown in FIG. 4.
- the tool holder 310 and the workpiece holder 320 are close to each other.
- the optical axis O of the optical system 100 can intersect with the end portion 313 of the tool 312, or with the tool 312, or at least sufficiently close to the tool 312 so that the tool 312 is in the field of view of the system optical 100.
- the end of the tool holder 310 is in alignment with the exit (or entry face 102) of the optical system 100. This means that the optical path from the optical system 100 intersects with the end of the tool holder 310 and / or with the tip or more generally the end portion 313 of the tool 312.
- the smallest distance between the end portion 313 of the tool 312 and the Z axis of the workpiece support is less than 50 cm, or even less than 30cm, and sometimes less than 15cm).
- the smallest distance between the end portion 313 of the tool 312 and the Z axis of the workpiece support is between 5 and 50 cm, sometimes between 5 and 30 cm. cm, or between 20 and 30 cm or between 5 and 15 cm.
- said operational measurement position corresponds to a position for loading a tool 312 on the tool holder 310: thus, the profile measurement can be carried out as soon as the tool 312 is fitted.
- the X axis of the tool holder 310 can have different orientations with respect to the optical axis O of the optical system 100:
- the axis X of the tool holder 310 is orthogonal to the direction of the optical axis O of the optical system 100, as shown in FIG. 1, so that the optical system 100 sees one side of the portion
- the X axis of the tool holder 310 is coaxial or parallel to the direction of the optical axis O of the optical system 100 (case not shown), so that the optical system 100 sees only the tip of the tool 312,
- the X axis of the tool holder 310 is inclined relative to the optical axis O of the optical system 100 (case not shown by an angle other than zero and different from 90 ° between the axes X and O).
- the machine tool carrying the machining module 300 it is possible to change the orientation of the tool holder 310 and of its axis.
- X in particular in the case of a machine tool with five or six axes of movement for the tool holder 310.
- the optical system 100 includes a first shooting system 110 which is configured so that its image focal plane is able to intersect with the end portion 313 of the tool
- the first image acquisition system 110 comprises a first image acquisition system 112 which makes it possible to take an image of the end portion.
- Additional can be provided each independently of the other or in addition to one another.
- the optical device 10 further comprises a front light source 104 oriented parallel to the optical axis O of the optical system 100 and in the direction of the tool holder 310.
- This light source 104 can be placed near the optical system 100.
- This light source 104 is oriented in the direction of the tool 312 in order to constitute a frontal illumination of the end portion 313 of the tool 312 in the position. operational measurement.
- this front light source 104 is an annular light source surrounding the input face 102 of the optical system 100: in this case, the front light source 104 is coaxial with the optical axis O of the optical system 100.
- This front light source 104 makes it possible to properly illuminate the surface of the end portion 313 of the tool seen by the optical system 100.
- optical device 10 further comprises a rear light source 106 oriented toward optical system 100.
- This light source 106 is disposed. in order to constitute a rear illumination (“back face”) of the end portion 313 of the tool 312 with respect to the optical system 100 in the operational measurement position.
- this rear light source 106 is coaxial, preferably aligned with the optical axis O of the optical system 100.
- the end portion 313 of the tool is between the entrance face 102 of the optical system 100 and the rear light source 106, so that the end portion 313 of the tool is illuminated from the rear, which increases the contrast of the image taken in the area of the contour of the end portion 313 as seen by the otic system 100.
- the optical system 100 also includes a second shooting system 120 with a second image acquisition system 112 which also makes it possible to take an image of the end portion 313 of the tool 312 in the position operational measurement.
- the optical path of the first image capture system 210 and the optical path of the second image capture system 120 have a common optical path portion which goes towards and comes from the object viewed by the optical system 100 , in this case the end portion 313 of the tool 312 (see Figures 4 and 16).
- it is a target 200 mounted on the tool holder 310 which forms the object looked at, seen by the optical system 100.
- object viewed means in particular either the end portion 313 of the tool 312 mounted on the tool holder, or the target 200.
- the first image capture system 210 is turned in the direction of the viewed object and forms a camera system aligned with the viewed object
- the second camera system 120 has an optical path 126 which joins with the optical path 116 of the camera system 110 aligned with the 'viewed object and forms a shooting system eccentric with respect to the viewed object, with respect to the optical axis O of the optical system 100, and with respect to the common portion of the optical paths 116 and 126 (aligned with the 'object viewed).
- the optical axis O is superimposed with the mean radius of the common portion of the first path optical 116 and of the second optical path 126.
- the sections of the first optical path 116 and of the second optical path 126 are mutually parallel, but not necessarily superimposed.
- the second image capture system 120 which is eccentric has an optical path portion 126 internal to this second image capture system 120 which is preferably parallel to the optical axis O.
- This internal optical path portion 126 is connected to the , or more precisely joined the, optical path 116 of the first image capture system 110 aligned by a dedicated optical module 128, comprising a catoptric optical system such as a mirror 129.
- the input of the capture system eccentric view (here the second shooting system 120) is connected to the path or optical path of the aligned shooting system (here the first shooting system 110).
- the optical system 100 comprises an optical module 128 (for example with a catoptric optical element such as a mirror 129) arranged between the first image capture system 110 and the second image capture system 120 and configured to deflect a part of the light rays passing through at least a part of one of the first and the second imaging system towards the other of the first and the second imaging system.
- an optical module 128 for example with a catoptric optical element such as a mirror 129 arranged between the first image capture system 110 and the second image capture system 120 and configured to deflect a part of the light rays passing through at least a part of one of the first and the second imaging system towards the other of the first and the second imaging system.
- the optical system 100 is arranged such that the optical path from the object being viewed (the end portion 313 of the tool 312 in Figures 4 and 16 and the target 200 in Figures 6 and 8) through the optical system 100 passes through at least a portion of one of the first imaging system 110 and the second imaging system 120 (the first imaging system 110 in Figures 4, 6, 8 and 16) before d 'achieve the other of the first imaging system 110 and the second imaging system 120 (the second imaging system 120 in Figures 4, 6, 8 and 16).
- the first imaging system 110 and the second imaging system 120 are arranged in parallel with respect to each other. Also, in the configuration shown, the first imaging system 110 is mounted directly on the workpiece support 320 and the second imaging system 120 is eccentric with respect to the optical axis of the first imaging system 110 but this may be the case. 'reverse, namely one can have a configuration in which the second shooting system 110 is mounted
- the second shooting system 120 when the first shooting system 110 is aligned with the viewed object, the second shooting system 120 also sees the viewed object and can also take a shot. and generate an image of this viewed object. As will now be explained, this image can be used to determine the position of the tool 312 and can be used to determine the profile of the end portion of the tool 312.
- a method for detecting the position of a tool 312 mounted on a tool holder 310 in a machining module 300 comprising a workpiece support 320 and a workpiece carrier 310 comprising the following steps:
- a detection unit 304 in the machining module 300 comprising an optical system 100 making it possible to determine the profile of said end portion 313 of the tool 312 mounted on the holder.
- this step makes it possible to know the relative position between the tool 312 and the tool holder 310, iii) positioning of the tool holder 310 relative to the workpiece support 320 in an operational measurement position (for example according to the configuration of FIG. 4): this step makes it possible to place the tool 312, and in particular the end portion 313 of the tool 312 or another portion of the tool 312 , visibly by the optical system 100,
- said optical system 100 is mounted on the workpiece support 320. It is therefore understood that in this way, the taking of a picture by the optical system 100 of the tool 312 (and in particular of its end portion 313) makes it possible to determine not only the relative position between the tool 312 (said end portion 313 of the tool) and the workpiece support 320, but also the relative position between the tool holder 310 and the workpiece support 320.
- the first shooting system 110 which is used and therefore c 'is the first image acquisition system 112 which generates one (or more) image (s) of the end portion 313 of the tool 312.
- the detection unit 304 when the detection unit 304 is activated, it is the second image acquisition system 120 which is used and therefore it is the second image acquisition system 122 which generates one (or more) image (s) of the end portion 313 of the tool 312. Analysis of this image and in particular of the position of the sharp zone of this image (resulting for example from the arrangement of Figure 4) in the direction X with respect to the edge of the tool as seen by the first shooting system 110 makes it possible to know the distance of the tool 312 with respect to the optical system 100, therefore the Z position of the tool 313.
- This image also makes it possible to identify the cutting edge (s) (in projection) as it (s) is (are) seen by the second imaging system 120.
- This registration is both in position, in particular with respect to the edge, and in geometry (shape on the image of the line (or lines) corresponding to I '(to) cutting edge (s)).
- a method for detecting the profile of a tool 312 mounted on a tool holder 310, in a machining module 300 comprising a workpiece support 320 and a workpiece carrier 310 comprising the following steps:
- a detection unit 304 in the machining module 300 comprising an optical system 100 making it possible to determine the profile of said end portion 313 of the tool 312 mounted on the holder.
- tool 310 wherein said optical system 100 is mounted on workpiece support 320,
- this step makes it possible to know the relative position between the tool 312 and the tool holder 310, iii) positioning of the tool holder 310 relative to the workpiece support 320 in an operational measurement position (for example according to the configuration of FIG. 4): this step makes it possible to place the tool 312, and in particular the end portion 313 of the tool 312 or another portion of the tool 312 , visibly by the optical system 100,
- detection 304 it is the first image capture system 110 which is used and therefore it is the first image acquisition system 112 which generates one (or more) image (s) of the end portion 313 of tool 312.
- this image makes it possible to detect the edge of the tool as seen by the first imaging system 110.
- This is the edge, namely the contour, of the end portion 312 of the tool 312, seen in projection in the plane (X, Y) orthogonal to the direction Z, itself parallel to the optical axis O of the optical system.
- the shape (in this case the contour line) of this edge of the tool 312 provides information on the geometry of the end portion 313 of the tool 312 mounted on the tool holder 31 at the time of setting. of view.
- This image also makes it possible to identify the cutting edge (s) (in projection) as it (s) is (are) seen by the first shooting system 110.
- This registration is both in position, in particular with respect to the edge, as well as in geometry (shape on the image of the line (s) corresponding to I '(to) cutting edge (s).
- the detection unit 304 when the detection unit 304 is activated, it is the second image capture system 120 which is used and therefore it is the second image acquisition system 122 which generates one (or more) image (s) of the end portion 313 of the tool 312. Analysis of this image makes it possible to detect the edge of the tool as seen by the second imaging system 120. This is the edge, namely the contour, of the end portion 312. of the tool 312, seen in projection in the plane (X, Y) orthogonal to the direction Z, itself parallel to the optical axis O of the optical system.
- the shape (in this case the line) of this edge of the tool 312 provides information on the geometry of the end portion 313 of the tool 312 mounted on the tool holder 31 at the time of shooting. .
- This image also makes it possible to identify the cutting edge (s) (in projection) as it (s) is (are) seen by the second shooting system 120. This registration is both in position, in particular with respect to the edge, as well as in geometry (shape on the image of the line (or lines) corresponding to I '(to) cutting edge (s)).
- the implementation of such a method of detecting the profile of the tool 312 makes it possible in particular to know the angular orientation of the tool 312 with respect to the X axis of the tool holder, and therefore with respect to to the workpiece support 312, in the operational measurement position, and also makes it possible to verify that the tool 312 is in the desired orientation with respect to the workpiece support in the operational measurement position. Also, the implementation of such a method for detecting the profile of the tool 312 makes it possible to establish the profile and to verify that the tool 312 mounted on the tool holder corresponds to the expected tool (the profile detected corresponds to the expected and predetermined profile), and thus makes it possible to avoid mounting an inadequate tool on the tool holder 310.
- the target 200 is oriented in the direction of the optical system 100, parallel to a main axis, forming a main horizontal Z direction.
- the optical path O is orthogonal to a useful face 202 of the target 200.
- the target 200 is now described in relation to Figures 8, 10, 11 and 12.
- the target 200 is in the form of a pellet, here of cylindrical shape of circular section (it could be of square section or the like. ), one side of which forms the useful face 202 for carrying out the measurement.
- this useful face 202 is therefore turned towards the optical system 100, and in particular towards the input face 102 of the optical system 100, the Z axis corresponding to the main direction (horizontal in the figures) separating the useful face 202 from the input face 102 of the optical system 100.
- the surface of the useful face 202 of the target 200 is distributed between a first structure 210 and a second structure 220.
- the first structure 210 comprises a flat reference face 212 whose surface is smooth and is distributed between a first portion 214 whose surface is reflective with a diffuse reflection and a second portion 216 whose surface is reflective with a specular reflection. More generally, said plane reference face 212 is distributed between at least a first portion (214) whose surface is reflective according to first reflection parameters, and a second portion (216) whose surface is reflective according to second parameters reflection different from the first reflection parameters.
- the first portion 214 is coated with a diffusing reflective layer, for example of barium sulphate BaSO4, and the second portion 216 is formed of a reflective layer according to a specular reflection, for example of chromium.
- the second portion 216 consists of several localized zones 217 in the form of circles forming islands arranged within the first portion 214 which is continuous. More generally, the second portion 216 is distributed according to a series of localized zones 217 positioned in the first portion 214. According to one possibility, the localized zones 217 of said second portion 216 are formed of islands or segments distributed in the first portion 214. These localized areas 217 may have other shapes, such as segments or islands other than a circle. These localized zones 217 define between them a figure
- This geometric figure can be a geometric figure with central symmetry.
- twenty-four localized circular areas 217 are arranged in a square.
- the aim of this first structure 210 is to be able to identify its center C3 precisely using standard vision tools.
- the two diagonals C1 and C2 of this square intersect at the center of the square.
- the reference face 212 is disposed parallel to the X and Y directions, forming respectively a vertical direction (an axis) and a transverse horizontal direction (an axis) in the case of the illustrated arrangement.
- the second structure 220 has an inclined face 222 relative to the reference face 212: this inclined face 222 is
- this inclined face forming with respect to the reference face 212 an acute angle a of between 10 degrees and 80 degrees, for example between 20 and 30 degrees, and preferably of the order of 25 degrees ( see figure 12).
- the surface of this inclined face 222 is not smooth but has relief elements 224 forming surface irregularities either random or else according to a predetermined geometry, for example drawing between them a shape of grid or a network of lines, thus constituting a structured grid (not shown) or a structured network of lines (see FIG. 13).
- the surface of the inclined face 222 of the second structure 220 is striated, in particular the surface of the inclined face 222 of the second structure 220 is covered by one of the following elements:
- Such elements in relief 224 can be protruding or recessed, that is to say set back, relative to the mean plane of the inclined face 222, in particular in the form of small roughness, or any other irregularity of surface. Such elements in relief 224 can be present over the entire surface of the inclined face 222. Such elements in relief 224 can be regularly distributed over the entire surface of the inclined face 222. For example, these elements in relief 224 can form a together
- the surface of the inclined face 222 of the second structure 222 is for example covered by one of the elements following an engraved network or a structured grid, with a pitch between the patterns of the grid or the network between 5 and 100 micrometers, in particular between 5 and 50 micrometers, and in particular between 8 and 15 micrometers, for example of the order of 10 micrometers.
- this inclined face 222 is made of unpolished silicon or ceramic, or unpolished metal or glass, or any other structurable material, and the elements in relief 224 have been obtained by photolithography, machining by removal chips, direct writing, etc ... or any other structuring process.
- These elements in relief 224 form, for example, depressions and / or projections respectively set back / protruding from the mean plane by a few micrometers or by a few tens of micrometers, in particular between 0.5 micrometers and 50 microns.
- the surface of this inclined face 222 is smooth and comprises an array of lines of chrome, or of another material causing a specular reflection of these lines of chrome. which constitute specular elements 225.
- specular elements 225 in the form of lines are arranged parallel to each other.
- these specular elements 225 in the form of lines or bands are arranged parallel to the Y, Z plane, so that along the inclined surface, in the Z direction, these lines are encountered one by one (i.e. also the case when advancing in direction X).
- the substrate forming the wafer of the second structure 220 can then be in different materials, including glass or silicon, with on the inclined face 222 a diffusing reflective layer, for example in barium sulphate BaS0 4 which alternates with the specular elements. 225 or else which covers the entire surface of the inclined face, with the specular elements 225 arranged above this reflecting layer
- specular elements 225 can be regularly distributed over the entire surface of the inclined face 222.
- these specular elements 225 in the form of lines form a network with a pitch of 25 micrometers, the lines (in particular of chrome). having a width of 12.5 micrometers, equal to the width of
- line spacing or portion with diffuse reflection also in the form of lines or bands 12.5 micrometers wide.
- a pitch of 10 micrometers or more generally a pitch between 5 and 50 micrometers is used.
- these specular elements 225 which alternate with the rest of the surface which produces a diffuse reflection, could be in other forms than continuous lines or segments forming bands, in particular broken lines or in dotted lines, patterns such as friezes of dots, circles, triangles, or any other geometric shape.
- the inclined face 222 of the second structure 220 carries point and projecting elements in relief 224, in the form of small mounds or pins, which are distributed in rows parallel to each other, the elements of relief 224 being offset from one row to another, to form a staggered pattern.
- the inclined face 222 of the second structure 220 carries projecting relief elements 224 in the form of segments parallel to each other and at an equal distance in two series intersecting at 90 ° to each other. .
- This set of raised elements 224 constitutes a grid pattern. Note that this grid can be formed of two series of segments parallel to each other, with series of intersecting segments at an angle other than 90 ° from each other.
- the inclined face 222 of the second structure 220 bears relief elements 224 recessed in the form of a series of segments parallel to each other and equidistant from each other along the X direction: these elements in relief 224 in this case form grooves.
- This direction X is therefore orthogonal to the direction of the segments forming the elements in relief 224.
- the surface of the inclined face 222 of the second structure 220 is therefore covered by a network of specular lines 225, namely continuous bands parallel to each other whose surface has properties specular reflection.
- the surface of the inclined face 222 of the second structure 220 is striated.
- the patch delimiting the target 200 comprises on its useful face 202 the first structure 210 which occupies most of the surface of the useful face 202, and within the first structure 210, an area reserved for the second structure 220.
- the first structure 210 surrounds the second structure 220. More precisely, the localized areas 217 of the second portion 216 of the first structure 210 define a square which surrounds the second structure 220.
- the first structure 210 and the second structure 220 are arranged on the useful face 202 in a concentric manner relative to one another. to the other.
- the first structure 210 defines an opening 218 for a housing 219 housing said second structure 220, which is for example disposed on a wafer having the inclined face 222.
- the second structure 220 is disposed in said housing 219 with the inclined face 222 which is is set back with respect to the reference face of said first structure 210: this means that the inclined face 22, therefore the second structure 220 is arranged behind, behind the plane delimited by the reference face 212 (with respect to the direction main Z, see FIG.
- the target 200 comprises a protective plate 230 in a transparent material , in particular glass, covering the first structure 210 and the second structure 220 on the side of the useful face 202.
- the target 200 comprises, in the form of a stack, the following elements.
- a bottom wall 231 is surmounted by a plate 232 formed by a plate hollowed out in its center in order to delimit the housing 219 delimited by the opening 218 on the side of the useful face 202.
- the plate 232 is surmounted by the protection 230 closing the housing 219. The whole is surrounded by a cylindrical wall 234 retaining the entire target 200.
- the protection plate 230 comprises
- the second structure 220 is for example a silicon wafer housed in the housing 219 with the inclined face 222 (bearing the elements in relief 224 or specular elements 225) turned towards the useful face 202.
- the face of the plate 232 turned towards the useful face 202 comprises a reflecting layer 233 according to two zones as described above respectively in relation with the first portion 214 (reflecting surface according to a diffuse reflection) and the second portion 216 (reflecting surface according to a specular reflection, in particular in the form of local elements ss 217).
- the target 200 can be equipped with an RFID (radio frequency identification) type chip, not shown, in order to allow the storage and reading of a unique identifier and of data relating to the target 200 and possibly also in connection with a tool holder 310 (see Figures 1 and 5) on which the target 200 is intended to be mounted.
- These data can include, for example, in particular, the reference of this tool holder 310 and other information related to the use of this tool holder 310 (for example its serial number, its type, its setting relative to the material center. or workpiece support 320, the number of times it has been used ).
- the target 200 (and the possible RFID chip) is mounted on the portion of the tool holder 310 forming a clamp.
- This optical system 100 is intended to take simultaneously, during the same sequence of shots, both an image of the first structure 210 of the target 200 and at the same time an image of the second structure 220 of the target 200. According to the present text, this simultaneous shooting of the two images is carried out without focusing, which allows a great speed of execution of this shooting.
- the applicant company has produced an optical three-dimensional measuring device 10 in accordance with the present description which achieves in half a second or less a repeatable relative measurement with an accuracy of one micrometer or less.
- the optical system 100 comprises the first shooting system 110 and the second shooting system 120.
- said optical system 100 is arranged so that the difference between the focal length of the second system of 120 and the focal length of the first shooting system 110 is between the minimum distance and the maximum distance separating the reference face 212 from the inclined face 202.
- the depth of field DF01 of the first shooting system 110 is much greater and in particular at least 10 times greater than the depth of field DF02 of the second shooting system 120.
- the depth of field DF01 of the first shooting system 110 is between 10 and 10,000, or even between 100 and 5,000 greater than the DF02 depth of field of the second shooting system 120.
- the DF01 depth of field of the first shooting system 110 is greater than or equal to 0.8 millimeter, or it is between 0.5 and 5 millimeters, or it is between 0.8 and 3 millimeters, or it is between 1 and 2 millimeters.
- the depth of field DF02 of the second shooting system 120 is less than or equal to 0.1 millimeter, or it is between 5 and 50 micrometers, or it is between 8 and 30 micrometers, or well it is between 10 and 20 micrometers.
- the first shooting system 110 is configured so that its image focal plane F1 is capable of
- the second shooting system 120 is configured so that its image focal plane F2 is able to intersect with the inclined face 222 of the three-dimensional target 200.
- the first image capture system 110 to naturally and without further adjustment, its focus on the entire reference face. 212 of the first structure 210 in a range of distance between the target 200 and the first shooting system 110 which can vary over a few millimeters.
- the second shooting system 120 is able to naturally and without any other adjustment, its focusing on the portion of the inclined face 222 of the second structure 210 which is at the distance from the second shooting system. 120 corresponding to the focal length of the second image capture system 120.
- the magnification of the first image capture system 210 is smaller than the magnification of the second image capture system 220.
- the optical system 100 is arranged so that the optical path of the first shooting system 110 and the optical path of the second shooting system 120 have a common section placed on the optical axis O of the optical system 100 and comprising the image focal plane F1 of the first system of 110 and the image focal plane F2 of the second image capture system 120.
- the optical system 100 is arranged such that the optical path from the object passes through at least a portion of the image. one of the first and second shooting system 120 before reaching the other of the first and second shooting system 120.
- the first image acquisition system 112 of the first image capture system 110 and the second image acquisition system 122 of the second image capture system 120 are synchronized in order to take simultaneously a first image by the first image capture system 110 and a second image by the second image capture system 120.
- the target and the optical system 100 belong to an optical device 10 for measurement which is configured to allow by a single step of shooting the target 200 by the optical system 100 to determine the three-dimensional relative position between the support of the workpiece 310 and the tool holder 320.
- the first image pickup system 210 is turned in the direction of the useful face 202 of the target 200 and forms a camera system.
- the second pickup system 120 has an optical path 126 which joins the optical path 116 of the shooting system 110 aligned with the target 200 and forms a shooting system eccentric with respect to the target 200, with respect to the optical axis O of the optical system 100, and with respect to the portion common optical paths 116 and 126 (common portion aligned with the target).
- the optical path of the shooting system aligned with the target 200 is substantially perpendicular to the reference face 212.
- the first shooting system 210 is turned towards the useful face 202 of the target 200, namely that the first shooting system 210 is oriented perpendicular to the useful face 202 of the target 200.
- the optical axis O and the common portion of the optical paths 116 and 126 are aligned with the target 200 and are perpendicular to the useful face 202 (and therefore to the reference face 212) of the target 200.
- the optical axis O and the common portion of the optical paths 116 and 126 are parallel to the main direction Z, and are orthogonal to the transverse directions X and Y, as well as to the plane X, Y.
- the focal length of the second image capture system 120 is greater than the focal length of the first image capture system 110.
- the difference between the focal length of the second capture system 120 and the focal length of the first image capture system 110 is between 0.5 and 5 millimeters.
- the magnification of the first imaging system 110 is less than or equal to the magnification of the second imaging system 120.
- the magnification of the first imaging system 110 is between 0.2 and 1 times the magnification of the second image capture system 120.
- the magnification of the first image capture system 110 is between 0.3 and 0.8, or else between 0.4 and 0.6, preferably around 0.5 times the magnification of the second shooting system 120.
- the optical system 100 further comprises the aforementioned light source 140 in relation to Figures 1 and 4, oriented in the direction of the tool holder 310 and adapted to be oriented in direction of the three-dimensional target 200, this light source 140 being arranged so as to be able to constitute a lateral illumination of the three-dimensional target 200.
- this light source 140 is arranged eccentrically and inclined with respect to the path optics 116 + 126 of the optical system 100.
- the light rays of the light source 140 form with the reference face 212 of the target an angle such as their specular reflection on the surfaces
- the inclined face 222 comprises specular elements 225
- the reflection of the light rays from the source light 140 on these specular elements 225 does not penetrate the optical system 100.
- the first shooting system 210 used and the second shooting system 220 used are
- telecentricity is a characteristic of an optical system in which all the main rays (the central ray of each beam of rays) which pass through the system are
- the first camera system 210 used and the second camera system 220 used are not or not both telecentric. In the case where they are both telecentric, they can also be used to measure the geometric characteristics of the tools arranged on the tool holder 310 as already described previously or in the remainder of this text.
- the machining module 300 comprises the target 200 described above, which is mounted on the tool holder 310 (see FIG. 1).
- This target 200 comprises the useful face 202 which forms a positioning reference capable of being placed in the optical axis O of the optical system 100 when the tool holder is in a predetermined angular position around its axis X (after rotation according to the arrow R of Figure 1) and in a predetermined axial position along its X axis (see Figures 6, 7 and 8), forming a referencing position of the tool holder 310 relative to the workpiece support 320.
- the target 200 is arranged so that the image focal plane of the optical system 100 can be coincident with the useful face 202 of the target.
- the target 200 is arranged so that the image focal plane F1 of the first shooting system 110 of the optical system 100 can be merged with the useful face 202 of the image. target (see FIG. 12), and so that the image focal plane F2 of the second image capture system is able to intersect with the inclined face 222 of the target 200 (the focal length of the second image capture system 120 ) is able to place the image focal point F2 of the second shooting system 120 on the second structure 220 of the target 200).
- the optical system 100 is mounted on the workpiece support 320 (see FIG. 1) and receiving the workpiece 322.
- the workpiece support 320 extends in its main horizontal direction, corresponding to the Z axis, with the possibility of rotating around this Z axis. Then, the workpiece support 320 and the tool holder 310 are placed in a close position, prior to a machining step, placing the tool 312 and the workpiece 322 nearby from each other, in a relative measuring position.
- the positioning of the target 200 on the tool holder 310 and the positioning of the optical system 100 on the workpiece support 320 allow that in this relative measurement position, the target 200, and more precisely the reference face 202, can be placed in the extension of the optical axis O of the optical system 100 (note that this optical axis O is parallel to the direction Z).
- the reference face 202 of the target 200 is turned towards the input face 102 of the optical system 100.
- the optical device 10 further comprises a third shooting system 130 disposed on the tool holder 310 and configured to identify the orientation of the useful face 202 of the target 200 and / or the angular orientation of the rotating part of the tool holder 310, in particular around the X axis.
- An additional preliminary step of positioning the target 200 is carried out before the step of simultaneous shooting. with said optical system 100, according to which:
- the tool holder 310 and the workpiece support 320 are placed so that the useful face 202 of the three-dimensional target 200 is located in the optical path O of the optical system 100.
- the third taking system can be used. view 130 to identify the angular orientation of the target 200 with respect to the rotating part of the tool holder 310, therefore with respect to the X axis, which makes it possible to modify, if necessary, the angular orientation of the rotating part of the tool holder 310 (see arrow R in FIG. 6), and thus place the target 200 so that its useful face 202 is turned in the direction of the optical system 100.
- the relative measuring position is obtained in which when the target 200 is oriented towards the optical system 100 as explained previously in the case of FIGS. 6 and 8: in this case, the Z direction extends between the target 200 and the optical system 100.
- the optical device 10 further comprises a third imaging system 130 disposed on the tool holder 310 and configured to locate the angular orientation of the tool holder 310 around its X axis. in the presence of a target 200, this third imaging system 130 also or only makes it possible to identify the orientation of the useful face 202 of the target 200 around the X axis of the tool holder 310.
- the optical device 10 When the optical device 10 is used for the first time, namely the optical system 100 and an associated target 200, respectively mounted on a workpiece support 320 and on a tool holder, an additional, prior step must be carried out , spatial referencing of the position of the target 200 relative to the tool holder 310 which carries the target 200 in the three directions X, Y and Z.
- the parameters of the optical system 100 to namely the first image capture system 110 and the second image capture system, including their focal length.
- this thermal stability generates dimensional stability for the optical device 10 and therefore of its parameters.
- three-dimensional between the target 200 and the optical system 100 is used in the case of a machine tool to ultimately know the relative three-dimensional position in X, Y and Z between the tool holder 310 and the workpiece support 320.
- the three directions X, Y and Z are, for example, the axes of the machining module 300 of the machine tool.
- Z can be defined as being the main axis, namely the main horizontal direction separating the first object (the tool holder 310) from the second object (the workpiece support 320).
- X can be defined as the vertical direction or more generally a first transverse axis and Y can be defined as a lateral horizontal direction or more generally a second transverse axis.
- the tool holder 310 rotates about an axis parallel to this X direction.
- This first image comprises the image of the localized zones 217, here delimiting a square (see figure 10), so that the processing of the first image generates the diagonals C1 and C2 of the square and makes it possible to identify the center C3 of the square .
- the processing of the second image is carried out, an example of which is visible in FIG. 15A.
- the position X0 in the vertical direction X of the sharp zone of the second image is determined. This analysis is carried out via an algorithm making it possible to determine the sharpest pixels of the image.
- the inclination of the inclined face 222 is known, there is a correspondence curve between X and Z of this inclined face 222, specific to the target 200. Thanks to this correspondence curve, knowledge of the position X0 ( see FIG.
- the actual measurement can be carried out whenever necessary during the operations of using the machining module. 300 equipped with this target 200 and this optical system 100, not disassembled in the meantime in order to maintain the precision of the measurement of the spatial referencing described above.
- one is for example with the arrangement of FIG. 6.
- One carries out, if necessary, a rotation of the workpiece support 320 around its axis of rotation which is parallel to the axis X (see arrow R in FIG. 1), in order to align the target 200 with the optical system 100.
- a shooting is activated by the optical system 100, which generates on the one hand the generation by the first image acquisition system 112 of the first shooting system 110 of a first image of the entire useful face 202 of the target 200 with the entire reference face 212 which is clear and, on the other hand, the generation by the second acquisition system of images 122 of the second imaging system 120 of a second image of the entire tilted face 222 of the target 200 with only a sharp area as a horizontal stripe
- optical system 100 the position in X, Y and Z of the target 200 relative to the optical system 100 and starting from the tool holder 310 relative to the workpiece support 320. This is possible because we know the position in X, Y and Z of the optical system 100 with respect to the part support 320 which supports it.
- both the first image capture system 110 and the second image capture system 120 which are both used (in particular from simultaneously) and therefore it is both the first image acquisition system 112 and the second image acquisition system 112 which generate one (or more) image (s) of the end portion 313 of tool 312.
- the end portion 313 is arranged so that the image focal plane F1 of the first imaging system 110 of the optical system 100 can be merged with a portion of the surface of the portion d. 'end 313, and so that the image focal plane F2 of the second imaging system is adapted to intersect with a portion of the surface of the end portion 313: thus, the focal length of the second imaging system.
- view 120 is suitable for placing the image focus F2 of the second shooting system 120 on a portion of the surface of the end portion 313.
- the image taken by the second shooting system 120 allows the clear zone to have precise information on the distance along the Z axis from the position of the end portion 313 of the tool 312 with respect to the optical system 100 (and therefore of the workpiece support 320) and the image taken by the first imaging system 110 is an image of the entire visible face of the end portion 313 of tool 212 with all or a large part of this image being sharp.
- This image of the end portion 313 taken by the first image capture system 110 makes it possible to provide a map of this portion.
- end 313 of the tool 212 including viewing the line of the edge of this end portion 313 of the tool 212 seen in projection along the Z axis and forming the profile or part of the profile of this portion of end 313.
- the first image capture system 110 which is used and therefore it is the first image acquisition system 112 which generates one (or more) image (s) of the end portion 313 of the tool 312.
- this image makes it possible to detect the edge of the tool as seen by the first imaging system 110.
- This is the edge, namely the contour, of the end portion 312 of the tool 312, seen in projection in the plane (X, Y) orthogonal to the direction Z, itself parallel to the optical axis O of the optical system.
- the shape (in this case the line) of this edge of the tool 312 resulting from the image taken by the first imaging system 110 provides information on the geometry of the end portion 313 of the tool. 312 mounted on the tool holder 31 at the time of shooting.
- This image also makes it possible to identify the cutting edge (s) (in projection) as it (s) is (are) seen by the first shooting system 110.
- This registration is both in position, especially with respect to the edge, than in geometry (shape on the image of the line corresponding to the cutting edge). It is understood that these shooting operations of the end portion 313 of the tool can be repeated several times after a rotation along the X axis of the tool holder 310, in particular a rotation of a few degrees or 10 at 20 °, to have different shots of the end portion 313 from the optical system 100, at different angles. All these images allow a three-dimensional reconstruction of the shape (of the profile) of the end portion 313 of the tool 312.
- a method for detecting the wear of a tool 312 in a machine tool in which the method for detecting the profile is implemented. of the tool as described above (according to one or other of the implementation possibilities described above), which generates information (including at least one image) representative of the profile of the end portion 313 of the tool in a first state, and which further comprises the following steps:
- the comparison of the information related to the image (or to the images) of the end portion 313 of the tool in its first state and in its second state makes it possible to determine, follow and to qualify tool wear, including rate of wear, type of wear, speed of wear.
- This procedure makes it possible, for example, to construct a wear curve as the image is taken in parallel with the use of the tool, in particular for a first tool of a series of identical tools. With each new tool in this series of identical tools, we can redo the wear curve from the information linked to the images taken, or adapt the wear curve already established in order to form a wear chart for this type of wear. 'tools.
- the angular orientation of the tool 312 with its modified profile, relative to the X axis of the tool holder, and therefore relative to the workpiece support 312, in the operational measurement position and also makes it possible to verify that the The tool 312 with its modified profile is in the desired orientation relative to the workpiece support 310 in the operational measurement position.
- the implementation of such a method for detecting the wear of the tool 312 makes it possible to establish the profile and to verify that the tool 312 mounted on the tool holder corresponds to the expected tool (the detected profile corresponds to the expected and predetermined profile), and thus makes it possible to avoid mounting a tool in an inadequate state on the tool holder 310.
- this machine tool also comprises a unit for monitoring the wear of the tool 306 (FIG. 1 ) which is capable of calculating the deviation of the profile of the tool from the information supplied by said unit 304 for detecting the profile of the tool 312.
- said unit for monitoring the wear of the tool 306 allows, when said deviation of the profile of the end portion 313 of the tool 312 exceeds a deviation
- machining parameters include in particular information for the movement of the tool holder 310, which is transmitted to said control unit of the tool holder 302. In particular, if this deviation of the profile exceeds a threshold deviation then the information related to the new one. tool profile are used to recalculate machining parameters including modified information for the movement of the tool holder 310, which is transmitted to said tool holder control unit 302.
- said holder control unit tool 302 receives this modified information, which makes it possible to adapt the machining steps according to the measurement of the profile of the tool by the detection unit 304.
- a machining module 300 with a tool holder 310 extending along the X axis which is vertical with a Y axis of the machining module 300 which is horizontal, still with a tool 312 rotating around a axis parallel to the X axis, and a tool holder 310 mobile along the X axis.
- a machining module 300 is implemented according to the invention with a tool holder 310 'carrying a series of tools 312, 312', 312 ", 312 '" parallel to each other and aligned in the Y direction (vertical).
- Each tool 312, 312 ', 312 ", 312”' of the series of tools extends along the X axis which is horizontal, each tool 312, 312 ', 312 “, 312'” being rotary (arrow A) around an axis parallel to the X axis via a rotating part of the tool holder 310 '(for example a spindle) which carries one of the tools 312, 312', 312 ", 312 '”; the tool holder 310 ′ being movable in translation along the X axis and along the Y axis, and preferably also in rotation about the vertical Y axis (arrow B).
- the tool holder 310 ′ is equipped with more than one (at least one) target 200, possibly associated with an RFID chip as explained above.
- two targets 200 are arranged on the rear part of the tool holder 310 'which is not rotatable about an axis parallel to the X axis. shown) one target 200 per tool 312, 312 ', 312 ", 312'” at the rotating part of the tool holder 310 '(for example a spindle) which carries one of the tools 312, 312', 312 ", 312 '".
- Reference face First portion (reflective surface according to diffuse reflection)
- Second portion (reflective surface according to specular reflection)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH00709/19A CH716246A1 (fr) | 2019-06-03 | 2019-06-03 | Module d'usinage et machine-outil comprenant une unité de suivi de l'usure de l'outil, et procédés de détection de la position, du profil et de l'usure de l'outil. |
PCT/IB2020/055212 WO2020245729A1 (fr) | 2019-06-03 | 2020-06-03 | Module d'usinage et machine-outil avec une unité de détection du profil de l'outil, et procédé de détection du profil de l'outil |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3977218A1 true EP3977218A1 (fr) | 2022-04-06 |
Family
ID=66793710
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20731571.4A Pending EP3977218A1 (fr) | 2019-06-03 | 2020-06-03 | Module d'usinage et machine-outil avec une unité de détection du profil de l'outil, et procédé de détection du profil de l'outil |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20220250201A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3977218A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP7414848B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR102686225B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN114026509B (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3137237A1 (fr) |
CH (1) | CH716246A1 (fr) |
TW (1) | TWI866974B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020245729A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (12)
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TWI786221B (zh) * | 2017-12-22 | 2022-12-11 | 瑞士商謹觀股份公司 | 具有用於工具夾具及工件夾具間之三維對齊的光學測量裝置的工具機 |
JP7163219B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-27 | 2022-10-31 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | エンドミル検査装置 |
JP2021109298A (ja) * | 2020-01-15 | 2021-08-02 | Dmg森精機株式会社 | 画像処理装置、工作機及び画像処理方法 |
US20220080545A1 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-17 | Autodesk, Inc. | Even out wearing of machine components during machining |
TWI765709B (zh) * | 2021-05-19 | 2022-05-21 | 佳陞科技有限公司 | 換刀裝置及換刀裝置操作方法 |
JP6991382B1 (ja) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-01-12 | Dmg森精機株式会社 | 工作機械 |
CN114170382B (zh) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-11-22 | 深圳职业技术学院 | 基于数控机床的高精度三维重建方法和装置 |
KR102526052B1 (ko) * | 2021-12-27 | 2023-04-27 | (재)대구기계부품연구원 | 공구수명 예측방법 |
TWI816605B (zh) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-09-21 | 國立中正大學 | 切削加工監測感知系統及其方法 |
CN116922159B (zh) * | 2023-09-19 | 2023-12-01 | 上海航天壹亘智能科技有限公司 | 智能刀柄的加工方法及系统 |
CN118372086B (zh) * | 2024-06-18 | 2024-10-18 | 成都飞机工业(集团)有限责任公司 | 一种数控加工机床的自动测刀装置及方法 |
CN119407609A (zh) * | 2025-01-06 | 2025-02-11 | 广东钶锐锶数控技术股份有限公司 | 一种产品坐标原点的找正方法 |
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JPH0241856A (ja) * | 1988-07-28 | 1990-02-13 | Toyoda Mach Works Ltd | 刃具形状測定機能を備えた工作機械 |
FR2640902B1 (fr) * | 1988-12-23 | 1992-02-07 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | |
FR2645782B1 (fr) | 1989-04-14 | 1995-01-27 | Aerospatiale | Systeme de controle de bris d'outil sur centre d'usinage |
DE4120746A1 (de) | 1991-06-24 | 1993-01-14 | Guenter Heilig | Automatische werkzeugvermessung |
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EP1162029B1 (fr) * | 2000-05-15 | 2003-03-19 | Prometec GmbH | Méthode et dispositif de surveillance de l'usure d'un outil |
DE10249072A1 (de) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-06-09 | E. Zoller GmbH & Co. KG Einstell- und Messgeräte | Verfahren zum Befestigen eines Werkzeugs in einem Werkzeugfutter |
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GB0603653D0 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2006-04-05 | Renishaw Plc | Tool detection |
JP5452973B2 (ja) * | 2009-04-28 | 2014-03-26 | 富士機械製造株式会社 | 撮像装置及びその撮像装置を備える切削機械 |
FR2952196B1 (fr) | 2009-11-04 | 2012-02-24 | Snecma | Procede de controle d'un outil par vision a l'aide d'une camera telecentrique |
JP2012213840A (ja) * | 2011-04-01 | 2012-11-08 | Murata Machinery Ltd | 工作機械 |
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DE102015105999B4 (de) * | 2015-04-20 | 2016-11-10 | Walter Maschinenbau Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur materialabtragenden Bearbeitung eines Werkzeuges |
DE102016012727A1 (de) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-04-26 | Blum-Novotest Gmbh | Messsystem zur Messung an Werkzeugen in einer Werkzeugmaschine |
GB2557952B (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2022-06-15 | Zeeko Innovations Ltd | Methods and apparatus for shaping workpieces |
DE102017120570A1 (de) * | 2017-09-07 | 2019-03-07 | Liebherr-Verzahntechnik Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten eines Werkstücks mit einem Werkzeug |
JP6552074B2 (ja) * | 2018-08-07 | 2019-07-31 | 株式会社キーエンス | 画像測定器 |
JP6892461B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-05 | 2021-06-23 | ファナック株式会社 | 機械制御装置 |
-
2019
- 2019-06-03 CH CH00709/19A patent/CH716246A1/fr unknown
-
2020
- 2020-05-21 TW TW109116938A patent/TWI866974B/zh active
- 2020-06-03 JP JP2021568989A patent/JP7414848B2/ja active Active
- 2020-06-03 CA CA3137237A patent/CA3137237A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-06-03 EP EP20731571.4A patent/EP3977218A1/fr active Pending
- 2020-06-03 CN CN202080040997.7A patent/CN114026509B/zh active Active
- 2020-06-03 WO PCT/IB2020/055212 patent/WO2020245729A1/fr unknown
- 2020-06-03 KR KR1020217041879A patent/KR102686225B1/ko active Active
- 2020-06-03 US US17/595,724 patent/US20220250201A1/en active Pending
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- 2024-11-26 US US18/959,938 patent/US20250083274A1/en active Pending
- 2024-11-26 US US18/959,902 patent/US20250083273A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR102686225B1 (ko) | 2024-07-19 |
CH716246A1 (fr) | 2020-12-15 |
JP7414848B2 (ja) | 2024-01-16 |
CA3137237A1 (fr) | 2020-12-10 |
WO2020245729A1 (fr) | 2020-12-10 |
CN114026509A (zh) | 2022-02-08 |
KR20220012303A (ko) | 2022-02-03 |
US20220250201A1 (en) | 2022-08-11 |
US20250083273A1 (en) | 2025-03-13 |
JP2022533695A (ja) | 2022-07-25 |
US20250083274A1 (en) | 2025-03-13 |
TW202111457A (zh) | 2021-03-16 |
TWI866974B (zh) | 2024-12-21 |
CN114026509B (zh) | 2024-12-31 |
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