EP3814763A1 - Verfahren zur messung von stickoxiden und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zur messung von stickoxiden und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrensInfo
- Publication number
- EP3814763A1 EP3814763A1 EP19749197.0A EP19749197A EP3814763A1 EP 3814763 A1 EP3814763 A1 EP 3814763A1 EP 19749197 A EP19749197 A EP 19749197A EP 3814763 A1 EP3814763 A1 EP 3814763A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensor
- functional layer
- temperature
- measured
- sensitive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
- G01N27/125—Composition of the body, e.g. the composition of its sensitive layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4073—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte
- G01N27/4074—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte for detection of gases other than oxygen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
- G01N33/0037—NOx
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
Definitions
- the invention relates to the measurement of nitrogen oxides.
- Exhaust gas aftertreatment systems are necessary in order to comply with the limit values for combustion engines prescribed by law in the exhaust gas standards.
- Exhaust gas sensors are required in order to ensure efficient, namely regulated operation of these systems and also their permanent diagnosis (on-board diagnosis, OBD), which is also required by law.
- OBD on-board diagnosis
- the denitrification of the exhaust gas plays an important role.
- NNK NOx storage catalysts
- engine-generated nitrogen oxides are first stored in the catalyst coating using a special storage material. Regeneration phases are initiated from time to time in order to release the stored nitrogen oxides. The then prevailing special reducing exhaust gas atmosphere leads to NOx conversion.
- the integration of NOx sensors in the system leads to a significant optimization of exhaust gas cleaning and fuel consumption.
- reducing agent For catalysts that use the so-called selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to convert NOx, the reducing agent must be provided separately in the form of ammonia (NFI3).
- NFI3 ammonia
- NH3 is obtained in-situ from a urea-water solution metered into the exhaust gas, which is known in practice as “AdBlue”. Knowing about the nitrogen oxide concentration in the exhaust gas is crucial to to optimize the consumption of reducing agents and at the same time the NOx conversion
- the range to be measured in the raw exhaust gas is approximately 100 - 2000 ppm for nitrogen monoxide (NO) and 20 - 200 ppm for nitrogen dioxide (N02) at an oxygen concentration (02) in the range of 1 - 15%.
- NOx concentration downstream of a catalyst is accordingly one to two decades lower and the measurement of the NOx concentration downstream of a catalyst (e.g. to detect a breakthrough) is accordingly difficult due to these lower concentrations.
- Cross-sensitivity of the sensor A major problem with the measurement of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas is a simultaneous sensor reaction to other exhaust gas components, which is referred to as cross-sensitivity of the sensor. Cross-sensitivities therefore lead to incorrect interpretation of the measurement signals and accordingly to incorrect ones Nitrogen oxide measurements. Cross-sensitivities thus prevent optimal operation of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system and lead, for example, to a shortening of the regeneration intervals with increased fuel consumption with the NOx storage catalytic converter and to an increase in the reducing agent consumption with the SCR system.
- Cross sensitivity to NH3 also occurs with many nitrogen oxide sensors, since there is an additive effect, as the following reaction to nitrogen monoxide and water (H20) shows:
- a division of the gas sensors available according to the prior art is possible, for example, according to the electrical size to be measured into conductometric, amperometric or potentiometric gas sensors.
- a multi-stage NOx sensor with a complex ceramic multilayer structure based on Zr02 is known from US Pat. No. 4,770,760 A, which is used in practice in various diesel vehicles.
- This amperometric nitrogen oxide sensor, as a multi-stage sensor has a complex ceramic multi-layer structure based on Zr02, which makes it expensive to buy.
- this sensor has cross-sensitivity to various gases and a high cross-sensitivity to NH3, which limits its suitability in the SCR system.
- Analyte molecules in a sensitive material whereby its properties change, which is associated with the change in a measurable physical size of the sensitive material, such as of electrical resistance.
- the material is present as a functional layer on an electrode structure.
- the accumulation of the analyte molecules in the sensitive material achieves a saturation range, which makes cleaning phases necessary, in which the gas molecules are removed, and which accordingly necessitate discontinuous operation of the dosimeter.
- DE 10 2012 010 423 A1 discloses a cylindrical device using multilayer technology as a platform for high-temperature gas detection.
- This device can be operated as a dosimeter, which is thermally regenerated at regular intervals.
- the sensor behavior of a semiconductor sensor can, however, also at an elevated temperature of e.g. 650 ° C can be used to enable a NO concentration measurement, since at this temperature NO is only deposited on the surface of the material without
- DE 11 2009 003 552 T5 discloses NOx storage materials which have an electrical property which changes as a function of the amount of NOx loading, and which can therefore be used for a dosimeter.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method for measuring nitrogen oxides, which has a low ammonia cross-sensitivity and is economically feasible, and to provide a nitrogen oxide sensor suitable for performing the method with low ammonia cross-sensitivity.
- the invention proposes to use a sensor which has a similar structure to the dosimeter mentioned above. According to the proposal, however, the sensor is operated at a higher operating temperature than the dosimeter, as a result of which the sensor surprisingly no longer behaves like a dosimeter, as will be explained in more detail below. According to the proposal, a so-called functional material in the form of KMn04 / AI203 is used, because it has been found in initial tests that this functional material is surprisingly well suited for this operating mode of the sensor at a higher operating temperature of 600 ° C. or more.
- Electrodes which are separate from one another and which are advantageously in the form of planar thick-film electrodes made, for example, of a noble metal alloy which is resistant to the intended operating temperature, such as a gold (Au) or a platinum (Pt -) Alloy can exist. Platinum electrodes were used in some of the sensors tested in the first tests.
- the electrical Roden can be applied directly to the ceramic substrate, for example printed onto the ceramic substrate using a screen printing technique.
- the electrodes can in particular be arranged in an interdigital version, that is to say as fingers interlocking like a comb.
- Electrodes which have been produced using thin-film technology, for example by sputtering or vapor deposition, can also be used.
- the sensitive material of the functional layer which can therefore also be referred to as functional material, is - like the “dosimeter” mentioned and already published - a material that stores NOx at comparatively low temperatures.
- the functional material can preferably be applied as a coating to the electrode structure, for example as a thick layer using the screen printing process. It covers the electrodes over a large area so that the measuring method can measure the electrical properties of the layer.
- the measuring method comes e.g. an impedance measurement at frequencies in the range from 3 MHz to 1 Hz is possible.
- the electrical field between the individual fingers of the planar electrode structure runs both in the functional layer and in the substrate, the latter not contributing to the measurement signal as an insulator.
- the functional layer is formed by a material combination of potassium permanganate (KMn04) and aluminum oxide (AI203).
- KMn04 potassium permanganate
- AI203 aluminum oxide
- a powder was produced by dry impregnation of AI203 with an aqueous KMn04 solution. This was calcined at 500 ° C and can be processed into a screen printing paste using known, simple methods. The calcined powder was mixed with Ethyl cellulose terpineol in a mixing ratio of 1:11 was passed several times through a three-roll mill and thereby mixed into a paste that could be screen-printed. After the screen printing process, the functional layer was first dried at 120 ° C. and then sintered.
- the layer thickness was about 30-60 miti. Other thicknesses are technically feasible and can be chosen, for example, to vary the measuring range of the sensor. In experiments, a direct dependence of the layer thickness on the
- the material obtained is porous, which ensures rapid gas access to the reactive centers that make up the sensor effect.
- a heating element applied to the back of the substrate enables a constant operating temperature of the sensor to be set.
- the heating element can also e.g. can be applied to the ceramic substrate using thick-film technology, e.g. can be printed on the substrate using the screen printing method.
- the heating element is designed as a meandering Pt conductor track and has an additional voltage tap in the hot zone, so that the 4-conductor resistance is measured during operation and used for the readjustment of the temperature can be kept in order to keep the operating temperature reached as constant as possible.
- the layout of the Pt conductor track is adapted to the respective design of the sensor in such a way that the sensor geometry and the corresponding heat loss mechanisms create a homogeneous temperature distribution on the front of the sensor, ie where the functional layer is located ,
- the set temperature denotes the operating temperature of the sensor.
- the electrical properties of the functional layer depend to a large extent on this temperature.
- the NOx sensor can also be constructed using a thermocouple, which is printed on the ceramic substrate, for example using the screen printing process, an aluminum oxide substrate also being able to be used as the ceramic substrate in this embodiment and the thermocouple can also be printed, for example, using the screen printing process .
- the thermocouple separated by an insulation layer, is practically directly below the electrodes and the functional layer, and in this embodiment the electrodes can also be designed as interdigital electrodes.
- This embodiment with a thermocouple offers the advantage that the heating can be regulated directly on the thermocouple, which virtually measures the temperature of the functional layer due to the spatial proximity. Heat losses, for example via the thickness of the substrate used, play no role in this type of heating control and the temperature of the functional layer can be controlled very precisely.
- the proposed sensor can be operated either as a dosimeter or as a gas sensor. If, instead of the regeneration phases required for a dosimeter, a rather continuous function of the sensor is desired or prescribed, such as for example in the exhaust gas cleaning of internal combustion engines and there for example for the engines in automobiles, this different behavior can be determined by the choice of the operating temperature of the sensor can be reached or set:
- operating temperatures are set which are in the range from approximately 300 ° C. to 400 ° C. and can therefore be referred to as relatively low in relation to the exhaust gas temperatures of internal combustion engines.
- the functional material “collects” nitrogen oxides, as explained at the beginning, ie the nitrogen oxides are adsorbed and chemically integrated in the functional material.
- the functional material is practically every incoming NO or N02 molecule is trapped in the functional material. This leads to a change in the electrical properties of the functional material.
- Dosimeter operation must therefore be discontinuous, since when the functional material is fully loaded and therefore no further storage of nitrogen oxides, namely when the storage capacity is exhausted, there is no further change in the electrical properties. The sensor must now be regenerated.
- the same sensor - and in particular the sensor proposed here, explained above - can be operated at a higher temperature than the dosimeter operation, namely at an operating temperature of more than 500 ° C.
- the sensor can be operated at an operating temperature of 600 ° C or even 700 ° C.
- Initial tests have shown good results at an operating temperature of 600 ° C to 650 ° C. Due to the comparatively higher operating temperature, the nitrogen oxides are not accumulated in the layer, which means that no regeneration phase is required and therefore continuous operation is made possible. A balance is reached between the storage and desorption of the nitrogen oxide molecules.
- the sensor now shows a so-called gas sensor behavior which, in contrast to the dosimeter behavior, shows a direct dependency of the measured variable on the surrounding gas concentration.
- the initially achieved, comparatively high operating temperature is particularly advantageously kept constant in order to maintain the aforementioned adsorption and desorption equilibrium and to enable measurement to be carried out easily, that works without correction factors for different operating temperatures.
- a change in the NOx concentration causes a change in the electrical properties of the functional layer, this change can be measured by the change in impedance or the change in the complex resistance.
- frequencies f 1 Hz to 3 MHz can be used, with a constant frequency being used in the first successful tests.
- the sensor has no or only a minor one
- Cross sensitivity to the typical exhaust gas constituents in the exhaust gas namely a lower cross sensitivity to ammonia (NH3), no cross sensitivity to H2 or CO, and no reaction to the variation of C02 and H20.
- the sensor can be realized with a simple, planar structure in multi-layer technology and thus allows simple and accordingly economical production, which also enables series or large series production.
- the material selection is limited to materials that are already successfully used in the field of exhaust gas analysis of internal combustion engines. A high long-term stability of the sensor can accordingly be expected.
- the measured NOx value depends on the lambda value (residual oxygen content) in the exhaust gas. It can therefore advantageously be provided to integrate an 02 measurement into the NOx sensor. In this way, it is possible to correct the measured NOx value in the evaluation electronics on the basis of the determined oxygen content and to output a correspondingly corrected NOx value, which can then be used in the further process, e.g. B. for exhaust gas aftertreatment is taken into account.
- the 02 measurement can be integrated into the NOx sensor, for example, by means of a 02-sensitive layer which is provided in addition to the functional layer used for the NOx measurement.
- This additional 02-sensitive layer can, for example, be arranged on the same substrate on which the functional layer is also located.
- the 02-sensitive layer can advantageously contain barium iron tantalate (BFT), in particular can consist essentially of it, and in particular can consist entirely of doped or undoped BFT, because this Material is characterized by a temperature independence of the resistance characteristic.
- BFT barium iron tantalate
- the behavior of the material in the relevant denotes the temperature range, ie also a behavior which may show a temperature dependence of the resistance characteristic only above a limit temperature.
- this material shows a temperature-independent but oxygen-dependent change in its electrical resistance, which has proven to be extremely positive for the integration into the proposed sensor.
- the temperature independence allows a stable signal even under strong fluctuations in the gas volume flow.
- BFT is particularly well suited as a material for the 02-sensitive layer from a practical point of view, because it enables oxygen measurement in a resistive process.
- the Seebeck coefficient can be measured. This has the advantage that the so-called Seebeck coefficient, ie the generation of a voltage difference due to an impressed temperature difference across the material, is independent of the geometry, that is to say, for example, independent of the layer thickness of the 02-sensitive layer. Fluctuations in the layer thickness that cannot be ruled out in series production therefore do not affect the quality of the measurements and thus the usability of the sensors manufactured.
- the 02-sensitive layer is also heated in order to keep it in an optimal temperature range for the measurements or to bring this temperature range as quickly as possible after commissioning.
- only one pickling element is used, for example an electrical resistance heater, in order to switch both sensors to the desired one Bring operating temperature or keep this temperature level. This not only simplifies the construction of the proposed sensor, but also its control, because only one heating control is sufficient.
- the temperature independence of the BFT material supports such a design, since the 02-sensitive layer accordingly does not require a precisely adjusted temperature to be maintained in a narrow corridor and therefore the heating control is primarily designed to meet the requirements of the NOx sensor can be.
- Different sections of the heating element can, however, develop a differently intense heating effect even if a single heating conductor is used, so that two or more heating zones are created in this way and accordingly two or more different temperature levels for the NOx on the one hand and the other the 02 sensor can be achieved.
- the heating control it can be provided, in accordance with the design or the course of the heating element, for example the electrical heating conductor, that temperature control is carried out only for one position of the entire sensor, so that the simplest possible technical design of the sensor itself and also of the control electronics is made possible.
- the temperature control can only be provided for the location where the nitrogen sensor is located, or only for the location where the oxygen sensor is located.
- the heating control can in particular be designed in such a way that, on the one hand, it heats the two NOx and 02 sensors as quickly as possible to the desired temperature, but on the other hand, in order to protect the substrate, it has such a flat heating curve that undesirable material stresses in the substrate are avoided that could affect the life of the sensor.
- a substrate for example a ceramic substrate
- classic sintering processes or coating processes can be used, such as screen printing or the like.
- the material can advantageously be applied in the aerosol deposition process, in which the particles are virtually “shot” onto the substrate in the cold state and at high speed, so that, for example, the temperature influences associated with sintering, which can be disadvantageous, are avoided and also very high material densities can be achieved.
- a design simplification for the entire sensor can be achieved in that electrical lines for the individual components can be combined, for example ground lines for the two individual sensors in the form of the NOx and 02 sensors.
- the entire sensor can advantageously be protected from undesired external influences by means of a cap, in particular a double-walled cap.
- the cap can serve as a protective cap for the sensor, firstly as a protective cap against mechanical influences during transport, storage and installation of the sensor in an exhaust pipe. If, for example, condensate forms in the exhaust line of an internal combustion engine, for example in a motor vehicle, after the engine is switched off, this condensate can strike the already heated sensor when the engine is started again during the warm-up phase.
- the second protective effect of the cap is to shield the sensor from such a “water hammer” and to protect it from the associated negative temperature peaks, that is, from a sudden cooling.
- a third protective effect is that the sensor can be protected against positive temperature peaks, ie against a short-term overheating that can occur in the exhaust gas flow during operation.
- a protective effect is similar in that, in particular after the engine has been switched off, intensive heat radiation can act on the unprotected sensor and in this case the cap serves as radiation protection.
- a suitable design of the cap can also deliberately influence the guidance of the gas flow along the sensor.
- the cap also has at least one inlet opening and at least one outlet opening for the gas flow, so that a defined guidance of the gas flow can be effected.
- the cap can be shaped in the manner or the respective opening can be arranged on the cap in such a way that a local overpressure or a local depression is generated on or in the cap, which directs the gas flow in the desired manner.
- an optimum can be determined by practical tests, which affects the response behavior on the one hand and the measured variable on the other.
- the cap can preferably have a double-walled design, so that on the one hand the different protective effects are improved and on the other hand gas flow is also made possible within the wall of the cap. This enables a particularly even flow to the NOx sensor and the 02 sensor that may be provided.
- the cap can be coated catalytically in order to reduce cross-sensitivities such as ammonia (NH3) through an additional reaction.
- the sensor can preferably have a freely rotatable screw connection in order to be able to align and arrange the sensor in freely definable angular positions in the exhaust gas flow.
- the sensor can advantageously be arranged in a holder or a housing and, together with this holder or the housing, can be freely rotated relative to connection means.
- the connection means can be configured, for example, as a threaded sleeve, mounting flange or the like in order to enable the sensor to be installed.
- thermo element can be used for temperature control, but alternatively a platinum (Pt) temperature sensor can also be used.
- Pt platinum
- FIG. 1 is a schematic, perspective and partially exploded view of the structure of a sensor for measuring nitrogen oxides
- Fig. 4 shows the behavior of the sensor when measuring a
- FIG. 5 u. 6 views of the respective front of two
- FIG. 7 u. 8 views of the respective front of the two in Fig. 5 u. 6 shown variants of the sensor
- FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section through a ready-to-install assembly which contains the sensor used for measuring nitrogen oxides.
- 1 shows a sensor 1 which has a carrier layer which is referred to as ceramic substrate 2 and which consists of aluminum oxide.
- ceramic substrate 2 On the ceramic substrate 2 two electrodes 3 are printed in the thick-film screen printing process, each of which consist of a platinum alloy and are designed in an interdigita len arrangement.
- the electrodes 3 are completely covered by a functional layer 4, which consists of a material combination of potassium permanganate and aluminum oxide.
- a temperature sensor 6 can also be seen in FIG. 1, which is designed as a thermocouple in the exemplary embodiment shown.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the sensor 1, in contrast to the illustration in FIG. 1 that a fleece element 5 is arranged on the underside of the ceramic substrate 2, which is applied to the so-called thick-film screen printing method The back of the ceramic substrate 2 has been printed, which forms the underside of the ceramic substrate 2 in FIG. 2.
- the upper curve shows the sensor behavior with a base gas
- the lower curve shows the sensor behavior, that is to say the measured values obtained from sensor 1 when the otherwise identical base gas contains 400 ppm nitrogen oxide NO.
- FIG. 4 shows two diagrams one above the other.
- the lower part shows the ohmic component, which was calculated from the complex impedance of the sensor on the basis of an R
- the upper diagram in FIG. 4 shows a portion of about 3% CO 2 in a base gas at about the middle level, which was kept constant with one exception at about 40 min. Above this, the concentration of oxygen 02 in the base gas which is kept constant is shown with a concentration of about 5%.
- the two left-hand bars at around 4 and 11 min each show an addition of nitrogen oxide NO to the base gas in the upper diagram, and thus the simultaneous deflections of the sensor signal in the lower diagram correlate.
- the two bars following in time in the upper diagram show an addition of carbon monoxide CO at about 15 min and hydrogen H2 at about 22 min.
- the lower diagram shows that sensor 1 is not cross-sensitive to these gases.
- the two bars on the right in the upper diagram relate to the addition of carbon dioxide C02 at about 42 min and water vapor H20 at about 46 min.
- the lower diagram shows that sensor 1 shows no cross sensitivity to these gases.
- FIG. 5 shows the previously described variant of the sensor 1, which is designed as an exclusive NOX sensor and in which the two electrical conductors 3 are arranged on the ceramic substrate 2 and are covered in regions by the functional layer 4.
- FIG. 6 shows a second variant of sensor 1, which also serves as a NOX sensor, but is also designed as an 02 sensor and enables correction factors in by detecting the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas of the evaluation electronics. Since there is a dependency of the measured NOX value on the lambda value, that is to say on the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gas, the measured NOX value can be corrected using such correction factors even with different lambda values and the actually present NOX value can be calculated or displayed or taken into account in the exhaust gas aftertreatment.
- an 02-sensitive layer 7 is arranged on the ceramic substrate 2 and connected to two additional electrical conductors 8.
- the electrical conductors 3 end at the lower end of the sensor 1 in contact sections 9, and the additional conductors 8 also end in such contact sections 9, so that the sensor 1 has one, correspondingly many electrical connectors having electrical connections and can be connected, for example, to an evaluation electronics.
- FIG. 7 shows the view of the rear of the first variant of the sensor 1 shown in FIG. 5.
- the heating element 5 provided there serves for indirect heating of the functional layer 4, namely by the fact that in this area, where on the Functional layer 4 is located on the front, the ceramic substrate 2 is heated by the heating element 5 arranged on the rear.
- contact sections 9 are provided at its lower end, which serve to supply the heating element 5 with electrical energy.
- FIG. 8 shows a comparable view, but on the back of the second variant of the sensor 1 shown in FIG. 6. In this variant, too, the functional layer 4 is heated, namely by heating the corresponding area of the ceramic substrate 2.
- this points Variant an additional heating zone 10, which is located on the back where the 02-sensitive layer 7 is arranged on the ceramic substrate 2 on the front. While the slicing element 5 is created by a castle-like or meandering course of an electrical heating resistor printed on the ceramic substrate 2, the additional heating zone 10 is formed by zigzag-shaped sections of this electrical staining resistor.
- the ceramic substrate 2 has a greater length than in the previously described exemplary embodiments. With its so-called rear end, where the contact sections 9 are provided on both sides, the sensor 1 is held in clamping springs 12. In the middle area, the sensor 1 is fixed in a multi-part pressing body 14, and in its front area the sensor 1 has the functional layer 4.
- the multi-part housing 11 has a sleeve-like inner body around which connecting means 15 extend circumferentially, which in the exemplary embodiment shown are designed as a screw-in sleeve with an external thread.
- the inner body of the housing 11 can be freely rotated relative to the connection means 15. This simplifies the assembly of the entire assembly: the sensor is non-rotatably connected to the inner body of the housing 11, and a control unit belonging to the sensor 1 together with a cable running to the sensor 1 is firmly connected to the sensor 1. The cable is not twisted if the screw-in sleeve is rotated relative to the inner body during screw mounting.
- the front area of the sensor 1, which has the functional layer 4 is arranged within a double-walled cap 16.
- the cap has a large number of inlet openings 17 in its outer wall. Curved arrows indicate how the gas flow enters through the inlet openings 17 into the gap between the two walls of the cap 16. The gas flow runs parallel to the sensor 1 backwards until it enters the interior of the cap 16 from the gap at the rear end of the cap 16. The curved arrows show a reversal of the flow of the gas stream, so that it now flows parallel to the sensor 1 to its front end.
- An outlet opening 18 is arranged at the front end of the cap 16 in such a way that there is a negative pressure which leads the exhaust gas flow out of the interior of the cap 16. Since the cap 16 extends forward beyond the front end of the sensor 1, on the one hand a uniform flow onto the functional layer 4 and the possibly present 02-sensitive layer 7 is effected up to its respective front end. The cap also offers optimal protection for the sensor 1 against mechanical and temperature influences.
- the cap 16 is designed to be rotationally symmetrical.
- the cap 16 in order to bring about a specific flow against the sensor 1, the cap 16 should be arranged in a specific orientation in the gas flow.
- the inner body of the housing 11 can be provided with a marking above the connection means 15, so that the respective alignment of the cap can also be seen from the outside when the assembly is screwed into the wall of an exhaust pipe.
- the freely rotatable arrangement of the inner body within the connection means 15 makes it easier to maintain the intended orientation of the cap 16 during assembly.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102018115623.5A DE102018115623A1 (de) | 2018-06-28 | 2018-06-28 | Verfahren zur Messung von Stickoxiden und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
PCT/EP2019/067243 WO2020002549A1 (de) | 2018-06-28 | 2019-06-27 | Verfahren zur messung von stickoxiden und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3814763A1 true EP3814763A1 (de) | 2021-05-05 |
Family
ID=67539401
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19749197.0A Withdrawn EP3814763A1 (de) | 2018-06-28 | 2019-06-27 | Verfahren zur messung von stickoxiden und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20210140931A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3814763A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2021529944A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20210025630A (de) |
CN (1) | CN112601954A (de) |
CA (1) | CA3105300A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102018115623A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020002549A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102020113978A1 (de) | 2020-05-25 | 2021-11-25 | CPK Automotive GmbH & Co. KG | Mehrfachsensor |
WO2023235492A1 (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-12-07 | Ignik Outdoors, Inc. | A system and method for controlling a portable heated product |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020014107A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-02-07 | Ralf Moos | High temperature sensor |
Family Cites Families (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5766347A (en) * | 1980-10-09 | 1982-04-22 | Hitachi Ltd | Detector for mixture gas |
EP0062994B1 (de) * | 1981-04-07 | 1985-08-28 | LUCAS INDUSTRIES public limited company | Sauerstoffdetektor |
JPS6212864U (de) * | 1985-07-09 | 1987-01-26 | ||
JPH0672861B2 (ja) | 1986-08-04 | 1994-09-14 | 日本碍子株式会社 | NOxセンサ |
JPH01212343A (ja) * | 1988-02-19 | 1989-08-25 | Mazda Motor Corp | 半導体排気ガスセンサー |
JPH0637326Y2 (ja) * | 1989-05-15 | 1994-09-28 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 酸素センサ |
US5314828A (en) * | 1990-06-12 | 1994-05-24 | Catalytica, Inc. | NOx sensor and process for detecting NOx |
DE4334672C2 (de) * | 1993-10-12 | 1996-01-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Sensor zum Nachweis von Stickoxid |
US6134946A (en) * | 1998-04-29 | 2000-10-24 | Case Western Reserve University | Nano-crystalline porous tin oxide film for carbon monoxide sensing |
DE10064499B4 (de) * | 2000-12-22 | 2011-11-03 | Ralf Moos | Verfahren zur Zustandserkennung eines NOx-Speicherkatalysators |
JP2006194793A (ja) * | 2005-01-14 | 2006-07-27 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | ガスセンサおよびそれを備えた駆動装置ならびに自動車両 |
JP2009507241A (ja) * | 2005-09-06 | 2009-02-19 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | 一酸化窒素の検出 |
US20090020422A1 (en) * | 2007-07-18 | 2009-01-22 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Sensor Assemblies For Analyzing NO and NO2 Concentrations In An Emission Gas And Methods For Fabricating The Same |
DE102007039567A1 (de) * | 2007-08-22 | 2009-02-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Gassensor |
US8739604B2 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2014-06-03 | Amphenol Thermometrics, Inc. | Gas sensor and method of making |
US9358525B2 (en) * | 2008-12-04 | 2016-06-07 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | NOx storage materials for sensor applications |
US8057741B2 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2011-11-15 | Caterpillar Inc. | Gas sensor assembly |
EP2336762B1 (de) * | 2009-12-14 | 2017-10-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Kohlendioxid-Sensor und zugehöriges Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Gasmesswerts |
JP5416686B2 (ja) * | 2010-12-13 | 2014-02-12 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | マルチガスセンサ |
DE102011003291B4 (de) * | 2011-01-28 | 2021-12-30 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Betriebsverfahren für einen Gassensor und Gassensor |
DE102012206788A1 (de) | 2011-04-28 | 2012-10-31 | Ford-Werke Gmbh | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur detektion der menge und der konzentration einer gaskomponente |
DE102012010423A1 (de) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-21 | Annica Brandenburg | Zylindrische Vorrichtung in Multilayertechnik als Plattform für die Hochtemperatur-Gasdetektion |
DE102013222195A1 (de) * | 2013-10-31 | 2015-04-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gassensor zur Detektion von Stickoxiden und Betriebsverfahren für einen solchen Gassensor |
-
2018
- 2018-06-28 DE DE102018115623.5A patent/DE102018115623A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-06-27 WO PCT/EP2019/067243 patent/WO2020002549A1/de active Application Filing
- 2019-06-27 CA CA3105300A patent/CA3105300A1/en active Pending
- 2019-06-27 JP JP2020572640A patent/JP2021529944A/ja active Pending
- 2019-06-27 KR KR1020217002839A patent/KR20210025630A/ko active Pending
- 2019-06-27 CN CN201980056055.5A patent/CN112601954A/zh active Pending
- 2019-06-27 EP EP19749197.0A patent/EP3814763A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2020
- 2020-12-24 US US17/133,695 patent/US20210140931A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020014107A1 (en) * | 2000-06-30 | 2002-02-07 | Ralf Moos | High temperature sensor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20210140931A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 |
JP2021529944A (ja) | 2021-11-04 |
KR20210025630A (ko) | 2021-03-09 |
WO2020002549A1 (de) | 2020-01-02 |
DE102018115623A1 (de) | 2020-01-02 |
CN112601954A (zh) | 2021-04-02 |
CA3105300A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE19931007C2 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Speicherzustands eines ammoniakspeichernden SCR-Katalysators | |
EP1896838B1 (de) | SENSOR UND BETRIEBSVERFAHREN ZUR DETEKTION VON RUß | |
DE102014213213B4 (de) | Multigassensor und multigassensorvorrichtung | |
DE4334071C1 (de) | Verfahren zur Verminderung der Stickoxidkonzentration im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine oder einer Verbrennungsanlage | |
DE19805928C2 (de) | Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Füllgrads oder der Güte eines Gase speichernden Katalysators | |
DE2718907C2 (de) | Meßfühler zur Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehalts in Abgasen | |
DE4341632C2 (de) | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Prüfung und Regelung von Kraftfahrzeugen | |
DE102019000726A1 (de) | Vorrichtung zur Messung der Konzentration eines spezifischen Gases und System zur Messung der Konzentration eines spezifischen Gases | |
DE19846487C2 (de) | Meßsonde für die Detektion der Momentankonzentrationen mehrerer Gasbestandteile eines Gases | |
DE102006048354A1 (de) | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung von Bestandteilen eines Gasgemisches | |
WO2020002549A1 (de) | Verfahren zur messung von stickoxiden und vorrichtung zur durchführung des verfahrens | |
DE102017012128A1 (de) | Ammoniaksensor-Kalibrierungsverfahren | |
DE4022546A1 (de) | Messfuehler fuer ein abgassystem und verfahren zu seinem betrieb | |
EP1008847A2 (de) | Resistiver Gassensor und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung | |
EP2145173A1 (de) | Sensor zur detektion von teilchen in einem gasstrom | |
DE102010023523A1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Detektion einer Menge einer Gaskomponente | |
DE112014007102T5 (de) | Höchst selektiver nox sensor bei vorhandensein von nh3 | |
DE112016003882B4 (de) | A/F-Sensor und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung | |
EP3899520B1 (de) | Verfahren zur verringerung von messfehlern bei der erfassung von ammoniak beim betreiben eines sensorsystems | |
DE102011006923A1 (de) | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Diagnose der Funktion eines Partikelsensors | |
EP2310841B1 (de) | Widerstandsgassensor für die bestimmung eines reduzierbaren gases | |
DE10124550A1 (de) | Sensor und Verfahren zur Überwachung und Steuerung von Katalysatoren, insbesondere von Kraftfahrzeugkatalysatoren | |
DE102009000319A1 (de) | Teilchensensor | |
DE69838084T2 (de) | Sauerstoffsensor | |
DE69101781T2 (de) | Sensor zum nachweis der anwesenheit von flüchtigen stoffen und nicht verbrannten gasen in einem gasfluss oder einer gasförmigen umgebung. |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20210115 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20230103 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN WITHDRAWN |
|
18W | Application withdrawn |
Effective date: 20230505 |