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EP3719439B1 - Bullet catcher - Google Patents

Bullet catcher Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3719439B1
EP3719439B1 EP20167566.7A EP20167566A EP3719439B1 EP 3719439 B1 EP3719439 B1 EP 3719439B1 EP 20167566 A EP20167566 A EP 20167566A EP 3719439 B1 EP3719439 B1 EP 3719439B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rubber
energy
bullet trap
additive
trap according
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP20167566.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3719439A1 (en
Inventor
Alfred RAU
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schlayer Marlene
Original Assignee
Schlayer Marlene
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Publication date
Application filed by Schlayer Marlene filed Critical Schlayer Marlene
Publication of EP3719439A1 publication Critical patent/EP3719439A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3719439B1 publication Critical patent/EP3719439B1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41WEAPONS
    • F41JTARGETS; TARGET RANGES; BULLET CATCHERS
    • F41J13/00Bullet catchers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bullet trap according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Bullet traps are used in indoor shooting ranges or outdoor shooting ranges. They are used to safely dissipate the kinetic energy of the impacting projectiles. It is known to use sand as an energy absorbing material, which is filled in the bullet trap container. When catching the projectiles, grains of sand are crushed by the projectile. This creates dust that can settle in mechanical systems such as rail systems or the like and cause increased wear there. Typically, the projectiles contain lead. When the projectiles are caught, the lead is deposited in the sand and the resulting sand dust. This lead dust abrasion and the sand dust contaminated with it are poisonous. This means that an extraction system above the bullet trap is absolutely necessary.
  • Bullet nests are accumulations of multiple decelerated projectiles.
  • a projectile hits such a nest, there is a risk of the entire projectile ricocheting off or the projectile fragmenting and part of the fragmented projectile ricocheting off or rebounding.
  • ricochets which can be life-threatening.
  • Bullet nests are a particular hazard because they form near the entry side of the bullet trap.
  • projectiles that hit these nests of bullets can still have a comparatively high kinetic energy. Accordingly, the resulting ricochets also have a high kinetic energy.
  • the sand is regularly watered, sieved and loosened. This is associated with a high workload.
  • the service life of a bullet trap filled with sand is limited. After a certain time, all the sand must be replaced. The sand contaminated with lead must be disposed of properly. This results in high costs.
  • the length of the bullet trap container In order to absorb the entire kinetic energy of a projectile, the length of the bullet trap container, measured in the direction of the shot, must be very large. When decelerating the projectile in the sand, there is a strong noise.
  • DE 20 2016 002 885 U1 proposed to use particles of an elastomer with a diameter of 0 microns up to 300 microns as energy absorbing material.
  • the production of such small elastomer particles is complicated and expensive. Tests have shown that elastomer particles can pose an increased risk of fire.
  • the invention is based on the object of further developing a projectile trap of the generic type in such a way that projectiles can be reliably caught and that the projectile trap can be manufactured in a simple manner.
  • the diameter of a particle refers to the largest dimension of a particle particle in one direction. According to the invention, the diameter of the particles is greater than 0 ⁇ m and less than 6 mm, in particular greater than 300 ⁇ m and less than 6 mm.
  • the diameter according to the invention Due to the diameter according to the invention, there is little or no dust generation.
  • the projectiles are not or hardly deformed and lead lead-containing projectiles is not or hardly released to the energy-absorbing material. Hardly any nests of bullets are formed, if at all.
  • the bullet trap according to the invention is very safe. Due to the low level of adhesion, there is little or no lead-containing dust, which is a health hazard. By avoiding bullet nests, there are hardly any ricochets or no ricochets. Due to the elastic properties of the energy-absorbing material, the noise pollution when absorbing the kinetic energy of the projectiles in the energy-absorbing material is significantly reduced compared to sand.
  • the energy absorbing material is ethylene acrylate rubber with acrylate as an additive, ethylene propylene rubber with melamines and/or salts as additives, butyl rubber with chlorine as an additive, chlorobutyl rubber with chlorine or bromobythol as an additive, bromobutyl rubber with chlorine or bromobythol as an additive, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber with chlorine as an additive , polyurethane rubber with salts as an additive, polyacrylate rubber with salts as an additive, fluororubber with fluorides as an additive, fluorosilicone rubber with fluorides as an additive or chloroprene rubber with chlorine as an additive, the energy absorbing material is self-extinguishing.
  • the elastomers mentioned above are hereinafter referred to as self-extinguishing elastomers.
  • the term elastomer here refers to the elastomer mentioned in combination with the respective additive.
  • the respective additive is embedded in the respectively assigned rubber.
  • the respective additive is built into the polymer network of the associated rubber.
  • the additive is therefore not in the form of separate particles but is part of the particles that make up the energy absorbing material.
  • a single particle consists of the respective Rubber and the respectively assigned additive.
  • the respective additive or at least part of the respective additive enters into a chemical compound with the respectively associated rubber.
  • rubber includes at least the following substances: ethylene propylene rubber, butyl rubber, chlorobutyl rubber, bromobutyl rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, polyurethane rubber, polyacrylate rubber, fluororubber, fluorosilicone rubber and chloroprene rubber.
  • additive includes at least the following substances: melamine, salt, chlorine, bromobythol, fluoride.
  • the proportion of the additives in the total weight of the respective energy-absorbing material is advantageously from 0.001% by weight to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.1% by weight. up to 5% by weight. This also applies to the proportion of additives in the total weight of an individual particle.
  • a proportion of the additives of at least 0.5% by weight, in particular at least 1% by weight, can also be advantageous.
  • the container is advantageously filled exclusively with the energy-absorbing material. As a result, all particles in the container are self-extinguishing. In this way it can be ruled out that a particle burns permanently. As a result, projectiles can be caught safely with the bullet trap according to the invention.
  • the bullet trap can even be fired at with flares or tracer ammunition without the risk of a fire.
  • the respective rubber is advantageously natural rubber.
  • the energy absorbing material is material obtained by a compounding process in which the rubber has been plasticized by mastication prior to compounding with the additives. This can be done in the rolling mill or in the internal mixer.
  • the energy absorbing material is a self-extinguishing elastomer.
  • Self-extinguishing means that if the energy-absorbing material is set on fire by an ignition source, it will self-extinguish after a short time after the ignition source has been removed.
  • self-extinguishing means that the self-extinguishing elastomer is to be classified in class V-1, V-2 or HB based on the UL94 standard, in class A2 based on the DIN EN 13501-1 standard is to be classified and is to be classified in class A2 or B1 based on DIN 4102-1. "According to” because there is no corresponding classification standard for granules or particulate materials. The self-extinguishing elastomer self-extinguishes within 30 seconds after removing the ignition source.
  • the self-extinguishing elastomer does not feed the flame itself.
  • the granules are held in a fine-meshed metal net. Due to the required use of the metal mesh, dripping for granules cannot be tested. For this reason, too, the self-extinguishing elastomer only meets the standards by reference.
  • the diameter of the particles is advantageously greater than 300 ⁇ m. As a result, the particles can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner. Industry and production leftovers can be used here. It is not necessary to use expensive new goods.
  • the energy-absorbing material is an elastomer and that the diameter of the particles is from greater than 0 ⁇ m to less than 6 mm, in particular from greater than 300 ⁇ m to less than 6 mm, a projectile shot into the bullet trap merely displaces the particles, crushing the particles does not take place. As a result, the projectile is hardly or not at all deformed during the deceleration process in the energy-absorbing material of the bullet trap. This is particularly advantageous for ballistic investigations.
  • the surface of the particles is advantageously partly open-pored.
  • the surface of the particles is advantageously partially rough.
  • the energy absorbing material is an unmilled self-extinguishing elastomer.
  • Unground elastomers are also referred to as new goods. These can be residual stocks or industrial residues.
  • the energy absorbing material is a ground self-extinguishing elastomer.
  • elastomers can be recycled in the production of the energy-absorbing material.
  • the container has at least two chambers in the direction perpendicular to the entry side. At least one chamber is advantageously filled with the energy-absorbing material. At least one chamber is advantageously essentially filled with air.
  • the chamber located adjacent to the entry side is substantially filled with air.
  • the at least two chambers are advantageously separated from one another by a plate. The plate made of elastomer is advantageous.
  • the plate is made of elastomer, the hole created when the projectile penetrates the plate closes completely or almost completely after the projectile has penetrated the plate. As a result, little or no energy-absorbing material passes from the chamber filled with energy-absorbing material into the chamber filled with air. When a projectile penetrates the elastomeric plate, there are no large openings through which the energy-absorbing material could trickle out. In this way, the energy absorbing material is enclosed within the at least one chamber filled with the energy absorbing material. Provision can also be made for the plate to lie directly on the entry side. In this case, the volume of the essentially air-filled chamber is negligible.
  • the container advantageously has an inner side on which a first holding device and a second holding device are arranged directly adjacent to one another in each case for holding the plate.
  • the entry side is advantageously formed by a wooden screen. Should ricochets hit the wooden screen in the opposite direction to the bullet, they can be prevented from exiting the bullet trap by the wooden screen.
  • the container has side faces that run perpendicular to the entry side.
  • the side faces are advantageously fixed to a metal ring.
  • the metal ring advantageously leaves the entry side free. As a result, the side surfaces of the bullet trap are firmly connected to one another.
  • the container has a length, measured perpendicularly to the entry side, which is less than 100 cm.
  • the bullet trap can be accommodated in a shooting range to save space.
  • the length measured perpendicularly to the entry side is greater than 80 cm. This allows sufficient absorption of the energy of the projectiles.
  • the container is advantageously cuboid.
  • the longitudinal direction of the container runs perpendicularly to the entry side.
  • the chamber filled with the energy-absorbing material has an inclined surface at its rear end in the direction of injection in the lower region. This is made possible by the sloping surface Reduced volume of the filled with the energy absorbing material chamber at its back.
  • the chamber can be filled with a smaller amount of the energy-absorbing material and, for a projectile that penetrates the chamber filled with the energy-absorbing material at half a height of the bullet catcher measured perpendicular to the direction of entry, in the direction of entry, over almost the entire length of the the energy absorbing material filled chamber energy absorbing material for decelerating the projectile.
  • costs for the energy-absorbing material can be saved.
  • the bullet trap 1 shows a bullet trap 1.
  • the bullet trap 1 is used to safely dissipate the kinetic energy of a projectile that penetrates the bullet trap.
  • the bullet trap 1 has an entry side 10.
  • the entry side 10 is arranged perpendicular to an ideal firing direction 12.
  • the bullet trap 1 comprises a container 2 .
  • the container 2 is delimited by the entry side 10 , side surfaces 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 and a rear wall 14 .
  • the side faces 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 are oriented perpendicularly to the entry side 10 .
  • the side surfaces 21 and 23 and the side surfaces 22 and 24 are each parallel opposite.
  • the side faces 21 and 22 are oriented perpendicular to one another.
  • the side surface 22 forms the bottom of the container 2.
  • the upper side surface 24 is not shown to show the interior of the bullet trap 1 .
  • the bullet trap 1 is cuboid.
  • the longitudinal direction of the container 2 runs perpendicular to the entry side 10 and parallel to the firing direction 12.
  • the entry side 10 is formed by a wooden screen. However, it can also be provided that the insertion side is formed by an elastomer.
  • the side surfaces 21, 22, 23, 24 are made of wood in the embodiment. It can be provided that the inner sides of the side surfaces 21, 22, 23, 24 are lined with an elastomer. It can also be provided that the side faces 21, 22, 23, 24 are made of elastomer.
  • the rear wall 14 is a steel plate. However, it can also be provided that the rear wall 14 is formed by a concrete wall. In the exemplary embodiment, that side of the rear wall 14 which faces the entry side 10 is lined with an elastomer.
  • the container 2 has two chambers 4 , 5 in the shooting direction 12 .
  • the chamber 4 is arranged adjacent to the shooting side 10 . Between the chambers 4 and 5 a plate 6 is arranged. The plate 6 separates the two chambers 4, 5 from each other.
  • the Plate 6 is made of elastomer.
  • the chamber 5 is filled with an energy absorbing material 3 .
  • the energy absorbing material 3 consists of particles 13.
  • the chamber 4 is essentially filled with air.
  • the chamber 4 is delimited by a metal ring 11 in addition to the plate 6, the side surfaces 21, 22, 23, 24 and the entry side 10.
  • the container 2 has an inside 7 . The opposite sides of the side surfaces 21, 22, 23, 24 and the opposite sides of the entry side 10 and the rear wall 14 form the inside 7 of the container 2.
  • the metal ring 11 is surrounded by the side surfaces 21, 22, 23, 24.
  • the side faces 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 are fixed to the metal ring 11 .
  • the metal ring 11 leaves the entry side 10 free.
  • the metal ring 11 rests against the inside 7 of the container 2 .
  • the metal ring 11 is bent at right angles in four places.
  • a first holding device 8 and a second holding device 9 are arranged on the inside 7 of the container 2 . Both holding devices 8, 9 are used to hold the plate 6.
  • the plate 6 is held either by the holding device 8 or by the holding device 9.
  • the two holding devices 8, 9 are arranged directly adjacent to one another in the weft direction 12.
  • the first holding device 8 is at a smaller distance from the entry side 10 than the second holding device 9 .
  • the first holding device 8 and the second holding device 9 consist of U-profiles.
  • the legs of the U-shaped profile of the holding devices 8, 9 run parallel to the entry side 10.
  • the first holding device 8 comprises two opposite U-profiles.
  • the second holding device 9 also includes two opposing U-profiles.
  • the U-profiles of the holding devices 8, 9 are arranged on the side surfaces 21 and 23.
  • the new plate When replacing the plate 6, the new plate is pushed into the other holding device, in this case the first holding device 8, while the old plate 6 is still in one of the two holding devices, for example in the second holding device 9.
  • the holding plate 6 to be exchanged is pulled out of its holding device—in this case from the second holding device 9 .
  • the container 2 of the bullet catcher 1 has a length l measured perpendicularly to the entry side 10, parallel to the firing direction 12. The length l is less than 100 cm.
  • the chamber 5 of the container 2 has a length k1.
  • the length k1 of the chamber 5 is measured in the firing direction 12 and perpendicular to the entry side 10 from the point of the second holding device 9 that is furthest away from the entry side 10 to the rear wall 14 .
  • the length k1 of the chamber 5 is more than 90% of the length l of the container 2.
  • the chamber 4 has a length k2.
  • the length k2 is measured perpendicular to the weft side 10 and parallel to the weft direction 12.
  • the length k2 of the chamber 4 is measured from the entry side 10 to the point of the first holding device 8 that is closest to the entry side 10 .
  • the length k2 of the chamber 4 is shown in the drawing Figures 1 and 2 exaggerated. In reality, chamber 4 is much smaller in relation to chamber 5.
  • the length k2 of the chamber 4 is less than 10% of the length l of the container 2.
  • the container 2 is filled with particles 13 .
  • the particles 13 consist of self-extinguishing elastomer.
  • the term "self-extinguishing elastomer" is defined in the introduction to the description.
  • At the rear end of the container 2 in the shooting direction 12 is the one filled with energy-absorbing material 4 in the lower area Chamber 5 an inclined surface 15 is provided.
  • the inclined surface 15 is arranged in front of the rear wall 14 in the shooting direction 12 .
  • the sloping surface 15 runs from the rear wall 14 to the side surface 22 forming the base.
  • the sloping surface 15 runs at an angle to the shooting direction 12.
  • the sloping surface 15 is at an angle of 20° to 60°, in particular from 30° to 50° to the side surface 22 oriented.
  • the container 2 has a height h measured perpendicularly to the direction of entry 12 .
  • the inclined surface 15 extends over more than half the height h of the container 2.
  • the inclined surface 15 extends over less than two thirds of the height h of the container 2.
  • the inclined surface 15 is formed by a wooden panel.
  • the inclined surface 15 rests against the rear wall 14 and the side surface 22 . Due to the inclined surface 15, the volume of the chamber 5 is reduced at its rear.
  • the chamber 5 can be filled with a smaller number of particles 13 of the energy-absorbing material 3 and offers energy-absorbing material over almost the entire length k1 of the chamber 5 for a projectile that penetrates the chamber 5 at half the height h in the direction of impact 3 for decelerating the projectile.
  • costs for the energy-absorbing material 3 can be saved.
  • the particle 13 has no specific geometric shape. It can be described as lump-shaped or potato-shaped.
  • the surface of the particle 13 is partially porous.
  • the surface of the particle 13 is partially rough.
  • the particle 13 off 3 has a diameter d1.
  • the term "diameter” refers to the one-dimensional largest extent of a particle, ie the length of the particle measured in that direction in which the particle has its greatest extent.
  • the diameter d1 of the particles 13 is greater than 0 ⁇ m and less than 6 mm. However, it can also be provided that the particles are larger than 300 ⁇ m and smaller than 6 mm.
  • the diameter d1 of the particles 13 is a maximum of 5.5 mm.
  • the diameter d1 of the particles 13 is preferably a maximum of 5 mm. With smaller diameters d1 of the particles 13, the bulk density of the energy absorbing material 3 increases.
  • the maximum amount of energy that can be absorbed by the bullet trap 1 increases.
  • the maximum amount of energy that can be absorbed by bullet trap 1 corresponds to the maximum amount of energy that a projectile may have so that its kinetic energy is completely and safely absorbed in bullet trap 1.
  • the bulk density, and thus the diameter d1 of the particles 13, is adapted to the maximum amount of energy to be absorbed in the exemplary embodiment.
  • This adaptation of the bulk density to the maximum amount of energy to be absorbed takes place in interaction with the adaptation of the in 2 shown length k1 of the chamber 4 filled with the energy-absorbing material 3.
  • the longer the length k1 of the chamber 4, the greater the maximum amount of energy a projectile can absorb through the bullet trap 1.
  • the maximum energy to be absorbed by the bullet trap 1 can therefore remain unchanged if the Length k1 of the chamber 4 is shortened, provided that at the same time the diameter of the particles 13 is correspondingly reduced, ie the corresponding bulk density is increased.
  • the energy absorbing material 3 of the particles 13 is a self-extinguishing elastomer.
  • the energy-absorbing material 3 formed by the particles 13 is a ground, self-extinguishing elastomer.
  • the ground self-extinguishing elastomer is ethylene propylene rubber with melamines as additives.
  • one of the following self-extinguishing elastomers can also be provided as the energy-absorbing material: ethylene-propylene rubber with melamines and/or salts as additives, butyl rubber with chlorine as an additive, chlorobutyl rubber with chlorine or bromobythol as an additive, bromobutyl rubber with chlorine or bromobythol as an additive, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber with chlorine as an additive, polyurethane rubber with salts as an additive, polyacrylate rubber with salts as an additive, fluororubber with fluorides as an additive, fluorosilicone rubber with fluorides as an additive or chloroprene rubber with chlorine as an additive.
  • the self-extinguishing elastomer consists of ethylene propylene rubber with melamines as additives and ethylene propylene rubber with melamines and/or salts as additives.
  • the respective additive is embedded in the respectively assigned rubber.
  • the respective additive is built into the polymer network of the associated rubber.
  • the respective additive and the associated rubber form the self-extinguishing elastomer in the form of a chemical compound. This applies to all combinations of the various additives mentioned with the various types of rubber mentioned.
  • the respective additive or at least part of the respective additive is present as a chemical compound with the respectively associated rubber.
  • the chemical combination of additive and rubber is self-extinguishing.
  • the proportion of the respective additive or additives in the total weight of the respective energy-absorbing material is from 0.001% by weight to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, in the exemplary embodiment from 0 .1% to 5% by weight.
  • the proportion of the respective additive or additives in the total weight of the individual particle 13 is 0.001% by weight to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, in the exemplary embodiment from 0, 1% to 5% by weight.
  • a proportion of the additives of at least 0.5% by weight, in particular at least 1% by weight, can also be advantageous.
  • the respective rubber is natural rubber.
  • the energy absorbing material is material obtained by a compounding process in which the rubber has been plasticized by mastication prior to compounding with the additives. This can be done in the rolling mill or in the internal mixer. A completely homogeneous mass is produced during mastication. As a result, rubber can be recycled to produce the particle 13 and a high material quality can still be achieved. During mastication, the crosslinking of the polymers is at least partially broken. This allows the additives to be added and embedded in the rubber.
  • FIG. 4 and 5 another exemplary embodiment of a bullet trap 31 is shown.
  • Corresponding components of the projectile trap 31 according to Figures 1 and 2 and the projectile catcher 31 after the figures 4 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the bullet trap 31 has only one chamber 16 .
  • the energy-absorbing material 3 is arranged in the chamber 16 .
  • the bullet trap 31 is figures 4 and 5 identical to bullet trap 1 according to the Figures 1 and 2 designed.
  • the chamber 16 is delimited by a vertical rubber plate 17 and by an inclined rubber plate 18 .
  • Both the vertical rubber plate 17 and the inclined rubber plate 18 are made of a self-extinguishing material, preferably a self-extinguishing elastomer.
  • the rubber plates 17 and 18 have a thickness of 2 mm to 40 mm, in particular 20 mm to 30 mm, measured perpendicular to the respective plane of the plate.
  • the vertical rubber plate 17 extends from the bottom-forming side surface 22 perpendicular to the side surface 22 in the direction of the upper side surface 24 over less than a third of the height h of the bullet trap 31.
  • the vertical rubber plate 17 is fixed on a vertical wooden plate, not shown.
  • the vertical wooden plate has the same height as the vertical rubber plate 17.
  • the sloping rubber plate 18 extends to the upper side surface 24.
  • the sloping rubber plate 18 runs at an angle to the shooting direction 12.
  • the sloping rubber plate 18 rests on the energy-absorbing material 3 and thus delimits the chamber 16.
  • the sloping Rubber plate 18 lies directly on the energy-absorbing material 3 and forms an outer surface of the bullet trap 31 in the direction of the bullet 12.
  • the vertical rubber plate 17 and the inclined rubber plate 18 together form a front side surface 34 of the container 32.
  • the inclined rubber plate 18 is oriented at an angle of 20° to 60°, in particular of 30° to 50°, against the side surface 24.
  • the oblique rubber plate 18 is inclined in its extension from the vertical rubber plate 17 to the upper side surface 24 in the direction of insertion 12 .
  • the sloping rubber plate 18 extends over more than half the height h of the container 32.
  • the sloping rubber plate 18 abuts the upper side surface 24 and the vertical rubber plate 17.
  • the oblique rubber plate 18 reduces the volume of the chamber 16 at its front.
  • the chamber 16 can be filled with a smaller number of particles 13 of the energy-absorbing material 3 and, for a projectile that penetrates the chamber 5 at half the height h in the direction of entry, over almost the entire length k3 measured in the direction of entry 12, Chamber 16 energy absorbing material 3 for decelerating the projectile. As a result, costs for the energy-absorbing material 3 can be saved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Geschossfang nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a bullet trap according to the preamble of claim 1.

Geschossfänge finden in Raumschießanlagen oder Außenschießständen Anwendung. Sie dienen zum gefahrlosen Abbau der kinetischen Energie der auftreffenden Projektile. Es ist bekannt, als energieabsorbierendes Material Sand zu verwenden, der in den Behälter des Geschossfangs gefüllt ist. Beim Auffangen der Projektile werden Sandkörner durch das Projektil zerkleinert. Hierbei entsteht Staub, der sich in mechanischen Anlagen, wie Schienensystemen oder ähnlichem festsetzen kann und dort für einen erhöhten Verschleiß sorgt. Typischerweise beinhalten die Projektile Blei. Beim Auffangen der Projektile lagert sich das Blei im Sand und dem entstehenden Sandstaub ab. Dieser Bleistaubabrieb und auch der damit kontaminierte Sandstaub sind giftig. Dadurch ist eine Absauganlage über dem Geschossfang zwingend erforderlich. In einem mit Sand gefüllten Geschossfang kommt es zur Bildung von sogenannten Geschossnestern. Geschossnester sind Ansammlungen von mehreren abgebremsten Projektilen. Wenn ein Projektil auf ein derartiges Nest trifft, besteht die Gefahr eines Ab- und Rückprallens des gesamten Projektils oder der Zersplitterung des Projektils und einem Ab- oder Zurückprallen eines Teils des zersplitterten Projektils. Es kommt zu sogenannten Querschlägern, die lebensgefährlich sein können. Geschossnester stellen insbesondere eine Gefahr dar, da sie sich in der Nähe der Einschussseite des Geschossfangs bilden. Dadurch können Projektile, die auf diese Geschossnester treffen, noch eine vergleichsweise hohe kinetische Energie besitzen. Entsprechend besitzen die daraus resultierenden Querschläger ebenfalls eine hohe kinetische Energie. Zur Vermeidung solcher Geschossnester wird der Sand regelmäßig gewässert, gesiebt und aufgelockert. Dies ist mit einem hohen Arbeitsaufwand verbunden. Die Standzeit eines mit Sand gefüllten Geschossfangs ist begrenzt. Nach einer bestimmten Zeit muss der gesamte Sand ausgewechselt werden. Der mit Blei belastete Sand muss fachgerecht entsorgt werden. Dadurch entstehen hohe Kosten. Zur Aufnahme der gesamten kinetischen Energie eines Projektils muss die in Schussrichtung gemessene Länge des Behälters des Geschossfangs sehr groß sein. Beim Abbremsen des Projektils im Sand kommt es zu einer starken Geräuschentwicklung.Bullet traps are used in indoor shooting ranges or outdoor shooting ranges. They are used to safely dissipate the kinetic energy of the impacting projectiles. It is known to use sand as an energy absorbing material, which is filled in the bullet trap container. When catching the projectiles, grains of sand are crushed by the projectile. This creates dust that can settle in mechanical systems such as rail systems or the like and cause increased wear there. Typically, the projectiles contain lead. When the projectiles are caught, the lead is deposited in the sand and the resulting sand dust. This lead dust abrasion and the sand dust contaminated with it are poisonous. This means that an extraction system above the bullet trap is absolutely necessary. So-called nests of bullets form in a bullet trap filled with sand. Bullet nests are accumulations of multiple decelerated projectiles. When a projectile hits such a nest, there is a risk of the entire projectile ricocheting off or the projectile fragmenting and part of the fragmented projectile ricocheting off or rebounding. It comes to so-called ricochets, which can be life-threatening. Bullet nests are a particular hazard because they form near the entry side of the bullet trap. As a result, projectiles that hit these nests of bullets can still have a comparatively high kinetic energy. Accordingly, the resulting ricochets also have a high kinetic energy. To avoid such nests of bullets, the sand is regularly watered, sieved and loosened. This is associated with a high workload. The service life of a bullet trap filled with sand is limited. After a certain time, all the sand must be replaced. The sand contaminated with lead must be disposed of properly. This results in high costs. In order to absorb the entire kinetic energy of a projectile, the length of the bullet trap container, measured in the direction of the shot, must be very large. When decelerating the projectile in the sand, there is a strong noise.

Als Lösung für diese Probleme wurde in DE 20 2016 002 885 U1 vorgeschlagen, als energieabsorbierendes Material Partikel aus einem Elastomer mit einem Durchmesser von 0 µm bis zu 300 µm zu verwenden. Die Herstellung solch kleiner Elastomerpartikel ist aufwändig und teuer. Bei Versuchen wurde festgestellt, dass Elastomerpartikel ein erhöhtes Brandrisiko darstellen können.As a solution to these problems, DE 20 2016 002 885 U1 proposed to use particles of an elastomer with a diameter of 0 microns up to 300 microns as energy absorbing material. The production of such small elastomer particles is complicated and expensive. Tests have shown that elastomer particles can pose an increased risk of fire.

Aus der WO 2004/076958 A2 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Waffenladen mit einem Bremsmedium aus Gummigranulat bekannt.From the WO 2004/076958 A2 a device for loading weapons with a braking medium made of rubber granules is known.

Aus der KR 2017 0 105 260 A ist ein Geschossfang mit einer Kautschukfüllung bekannt.From the KR 2017 0 105 260 A a bullet trap with a rubber filling is known.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Geschossfang der gattungsgemäßen Art derart weiterzubilden, dass ein sicherer Auffang von Projektilen möglich ist, und dass der Geschossfang auf einfache Weise herzustellen ist.The invention is based on the object of further developing a projectile trap of the generic type in such a way that projectiles can be reliably caught and that the projectile trap can be manufactured in a simple manner.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Geschossfang mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a bullet trap with the features of claim 1.

Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die in DE 20 2016 002 885 U1 beschriebenen Vorteile auch bei Partikeln mit Durchmessern größer als 300 µm und kleiner als 6 mm erreicht werden. Der Durchmesser eines Partikels bezeichnet hierbei die größte Ausdehnung eines Partikels in einer Richtung. Erfindungsgemäß ist der Durchmesser der Partikel größer als 0 µm und kleiner als 6 mm, insbesondere größer als 300 µm und kleiner als 6 mm.It has been shown that the in DE 20 2016 002 885 U1 described advantages can also be achieved with particles with diameters greater than 300 microns and smaller than 6 mm. The diameter of a particle refers to the largest dimension of a particle particle in one direction. According to the invention, the diameter of the particles is greater than 0 μm and less than 6 mm, in particular greater than 300 μm and less than 6 mm.

Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Durchmesser kommt es nicht oder nur in sehr geringem Maße zur Staubentwicklung. Die Projektile werden nicht oder kaum verformt und Blei bleihaltiger Projektile wird nicht oder kaum an das energieabsorbierende Material abgegeben. Es werden kaum oder überhaupt keine Geschossnester gebildet. Aus diesen Gründen ist der erfindungsgemäße Geschossfang sehr sicher. Aufgrund der geringen Anhaftung entstehen keine oder nur in sehr geringem Maß bleihaltige Stäube, die die Gesundheit gefährden. Durch die Vermeidung von Geschossnestern kommt es kaum oder nicht zu Querschlägern. Aufgrund der elastischen Eigenschaften des energieabsorbierenden Materials ist die Lärmbelastung bei der Aufnahme der kinetischen Energie der Projektile in dem energieabsorbierenden Material im Vergleich zu Sand deutlich reduziert. Aufgrund des kleinen Durchmessers von größer 0 µm bis kleiner 6 mm, insbesondere von größer 300 µm bis kleiner 6 mm ergibt sich eine große Schüttdichte. Die große Schüttdichte führt zu einer ohne Ausnahme dauerhaft sehr guten Energieabsorption durch das energieabsorbierende Material. Dadurch ist bei derselben maximal aufnehmbaren Energiemenge eine kleinere Bauweise des Geschossfangs im Vergleich zu einem mit Sand gefüllten Geschossfang möglich.Due to the diameter according to the invention, there is little or no dust generation. The projectiles are not or hardly deformed and lead lead-containing projectiles is not or hardly released to the energy-absorbing material. Hardly any nests of bullets are formed, if at all. For these reasons, the bullet trap according to the invention is very safe. Due to the low level of adhesion, there is little or no lead-containing dust, which is a health hazard. By avoiding bullet nests, there are hardly any ricochets or no ricochets. Due to the elastic properties of the energy-absorbing material, the noise pollution when absorbing the kinetic energy of the projectiles in the energy-absorbing material is significantly reduced compared to sand. Due to the small diameter of more than 0 μm to less than 6 mm, in particular from more than 300 μm to less than 6 mm, there is a high bulk density. The high bulk density leads to consistently very good energy absorption by the energy-absorbing material. As a result, a smaller design of the bullet trap compared to a sand-filled bullet trap is possible with the same maximum amount of energy that can be absorbed.

Dadurch, dass das energieabsorbierende Material Ethylenacrylatkautschuk mit Acrylat als Additiv, Ethylenpropylenkautschuk mit Melaminen und/oder Salzen als Additive, Butylkautschuk mit Chlor als Additiv, Chlorbutylkautschuk mit Chlor oder Brombythol als Additiv, Brombutylkautschuk mit Chlor oder Brombythol als Additiv, chlorsulfonierter Polyethylenkautschuk mit Chlor als Additiv, Polyurethankautschuk mit Salzen als Additiv, Polyacrylatkautschuk mit Salzen als Additiv, Fluorkautschuk mit Fluoriden als Additiv, Fluorsilikonkautschuk mit Fluoriden als Additiv oder Chloroprenkautschuk mit Chlor als Additiv ist, ist das energieabsorbierende Material selbstverlöschend. Die vorstehend genannten Elastomere werden im Folgenden als selbstverlöschende Elastomere bezeichnet. Der Begriff Elastomer bezieht sich hierbei auf das genannte Elastomer in Kombination mit dem jeweiligen Additiv. Das jeweilige Additiv ist in den jeweils zugeordneten Kautschuk eingebettet. Das jeweilige Additiv ist in das Polymernetzwerk des zugeordneten Kautschuks eingebaut. Das Additiv liegt also nicht in Form von separaten Partikeln vor, sondern ist Bestandteil der Partikel, die das energieabsorbierende Material bilden. Ein einzelner Partikel besteht aus dem jeweiligen Kautschuk und dem jeweils zugeordneten Additiv. Insbesondere geht das jeweilige Additiv oder zumindest ein Teil des jeweiligen Additivs mit dem jeweils zugeordneten Kautschuk eine chemische Verbindung ein.Because the energy absorbing material is ethylene acrylate rubber with acrylate as an additive, ethylene propylene rubber with melamines and/or salts as additives, butyl rubber with chlorine as an additive, chlorobutyl rubber with chlorine or bromobythol as an additive, bromobutyl rubber with chlorine or bromobythol as an additive, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber with chlorine as an additive , polyurethane rubber with salts as an additive, polyacrylate rubber with salts as an additive, fluororubber with fluorides as an additive, fluorosilicone rubber with fluorides as an additive or chloroprene rubber with chlorine as an additive, the energy absorbing material is self-extinguishing. The elastomers mentioned above are hereinafter referred to as self-extinguishing elastomers. The term elastomer here refers to the elastomer mentioned in combination with the respective additive. The respective additive is embedded in the respectively assigned rubber. The respective additive is built into the polymer network of the associated rubber. The additive is therefore not in the form of separate particles but is part of the particles that make up the energy absorbing material. A single particle consists of the respective Rubber and the respectively assigned additive. In particular, the respective additive or at least part of the respective additive enters into a chemical compound with the respectively associated rubber.

Der Begriff "Kautschuk" umfasst zumindest folgende Stoffe:
Ethylenpropylenkautschuk, Butylkautschuk, Chlorbutylkautschuk, Brombutylkautschuk, chlorsulfonierter Polyethylenkautschuk, Polyurethankautschuk, Polyacrylatkautschuk, Fluorkautschuk, Fluorsilikonkautschuk und Chloroprenkautschuk. Der Begriff "Additiv" umfasst zumindest folgende Stoffe: Melamin, Salz, Chlor, Brombythol, Fluorid.
The term "rubber" includes at least the following substances:
ethylene propylene rubber, butyl rubber, chlorobutyl rubber, bromobutyl rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, polyurethane rubber, polyacrylate rubber, fluororubber, fluorosilicone rubber and chloroprene rubber. The term "additive" includes at least the following substances: melamine, salt, chlorine, bromobythol, fluoride.

Der Anteil der Additive am Gesamtgewicht des jeweiligen energieabsorbierenden Materials beträgt vorteilhaft von 0,001 Gew.-% bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,01 Gew.-% bis 10 Gew.-%, bevorzugt von 0,1 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%. Dies gilt ebenso für den Anteil der Additive am Gesamtgewicht eines einzelnen Partikels. Auch ein Anteil der Additive von mindestens 0,5 Gew.-%, insbesondere von mindestens 1 Gew.-% kann vorteilhaft sein.The proportion of the additives in the total weight of the respective energy-absorbing material is advantageously from 0.001% by weight to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.1% by weight. up to 5% by weight. This also applies to the proportion of additives in the total weight of an individual particle. A proportion of the additives of at least 0.5% by weight, in particular at least 1% by weight, can also be advantageous.

Vorteilhaft ist der Behälter ausschließlich mit dem energieabsorbierenden Material gefüllt. Dadurch sind alle Partikel in dem Behälter selbstverlöschend. Dadurch kann ausgeschlossen werden, dass ein Partikel dauerhaft brennt. Dadurch ist ein sicherer Auffang von Projektilen mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Geschossfang möglich. Der Geschossfang kann sogar mit Leuchtkugeln oder Leuchtspurmunition beschossen werden, ohne dass die Gefahr eines Brands besteht.The container is advantageously filled exclusively with the energy-absorbing material. As a result, all particles in the container are self-extinguishing. In this way it can be ruled out that a particle burns permanently. As a result, projectiles can be caught safely with the bullet trap according to the invention. The bullet trap can even be fired at with flares or tracer ammunition without the risk of a fire.

Vorteilhaft handelt es sich bei dem jeweiligen Kautschuk um Naturkautschuk. Insbesondere handelt es sich bei dem energieabsorbierenden Material um Material, das durch einen Mischungsvorgang gewonnen wurde, bei dem vor der Mischung mit den Additiven der Kautschuk durch Mastikation plastifiziert wurde. Dies kann im Walzwerk oder im Innenmischer erfolgt sein.The respective rubber is advantageously natural rubber. In particular, the energy absorbing material is material obtained by a compounding process in which the rubber has been plasticized by mastication prior to compounding with the additives. This can be done in the rolling mill or in the internal mixer.

Als selbstverlöschendes Elastomer wird im Folgenden auch eine beliebige Mischung aus den vorstehend aufgezählten Stoffen bezeichnet. Erfindungsgemäß ist das energieabsorbierende Material ein selbstverlöschendes Elastomer.Any mixture of the substances listed above is also referred to below as a self-extinguishing elastomer. According to the invention, the energy absorbing material is a self-extinguishing elastomer.

Selbstverlöschend bedeutet, dass das energieabsorbierende Material, wenn es durch eine Zündquelle in Brand gesetzt wird, nach Entfernen der Zündquelle nach kurzer Zeit selbstständig verlöscht. Selbstverlöschend hat im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung die Bedeutung, dass das selbstverlöschende Elastomer in Anlehnung an die Norm UL94 in der Klasse V-1, V-2 oder HB einzuordnen ist, in Anlehnung an die Norm DIN EN 13501-1 in der Klasse A2 einzuordnen ist und in Anlehnung an die DIN 4102-1 in der Klasse A2 oder B1 einzuordnen ist. "In Anlehnung" deshalb, weil für Granulate oder partikelförmige Materialien keine entsprechende Klassifizierungsnorm existiert. Das selbstverlöschende Elastomer verlischt innerhalb von 30 Sekunden nach Entfernen der Zündquelle selbst. Das selbstverlöschende Elastomer nährt die Flamme nicht selbst. Bei der Vertikalprüfung in Anlehnung an die Norm UL94 wird das Granulat in einem feinmaschigen Metallnetz gehalten. Aufgrund der erforderlichen Verwendung des Metallnetzes ist ein Abtropfen für Granulate nicht prüfbar. Auch aus diesem Grund erfüllt das selbstverlöschende Elastomer die Normen lediglich in Anlehnung.Self-extinguishing means that if the energy-absorbing material is set on fire by an ignition source, it will self-extinguish after a short time after the ignition source has been removed. In connection with the present invention, self-extinguishing means that the self-extinguishing elastomer is to be classified in class V-1, V-2 or HB based on the UL94 standard, in class A2 based on the DIN EN 13501-1 standard is to be classified and is to be classified in class A2 or B1 based on DIN 4102-1. "According to" because there is no corresponding classification standard for granules or particulate materials. The self-extinguishing elastomer self-extinguishes within 30 seconds after removing the ignition source. The self-extinguishing elastomer does not feed the flame itself. In the vertical test based on the UL94 standard, the granules are held in a fine-meshed metal net. Due to the required use of the metal mesh, dripping for granules cannot be tested. For this reason, too, the self-extinguishing elastomer only meets the standards by reference.

Dadurch, dass das energieabsorbierende Material selbstverlöschend ist, ist die Entstehung eines Brandes bei Beschuss mit Geschossen ausgeschlossen. Mit dem Geschossfang ist dadurch immer ein sicherer Auffang von Projektilen möglich.Due to the fact that the energy-absorbing material is self-extinguishing, the occurrence of a fire when fired with projectiles is excluded. With the bullet trap, projectiles can always be caught safely.

Bei einem Durchmesser von ≥ 6 mm werden die Partikel bei Beschuss mit einem Geschoss zerkleinert. Durch Wärmeentwicklung kommt es bei Materialien nach dem derzeitigen Stand der Technik zu Verklebungen mit anderen Partikeln und zur Bildung von Geschossnestern. Um die Gefahr von Bleiabrieb und Querschlägern zu vermeiden, muss beim Aussieben der Projektile ein großer Teil des energieabsorbierenden Materials ersetzt werden. Weiterhin ist die Herstellung von Partikeln mit einem Durchmesser von < 6 mm einfacher als von solchen mit einem Durchmesser von ≥ 6 mm, da hierfür zunächst die Herstellung von unbearbeiteten, neuen Elastomeren erforderlich ist. Bei Partikeldurchmessern von < 6 mm können alte Elastomere recycelt werden.With a diameter of ≥ 6 mm, the particles are broken up when hit by a projectile. Due to the development of heat, state-of-the-art materials can stick to other particles and form nests of bullets. To avoid the risk of lead abrasion and ricochets, a large part of the energy-absorbing material can be replaced when the projectiles are screened out. Furthermore, the production of particles with a diameter of <6 mm is easier than those with a diameter of ≥6 mm, since this first requires the production of unprocessed, new elastomers. With particle diameters of < 6 mm, old elastomers can be recycled.

Vorteilhaft ist der Durchmesser der Partikel größer als 300 µm. Dadurch können die Partikel auf einfache Weise und kostengünstig hergestellt werden. Hierbei können Industrie- und Produktionsrestmenge verwendet werden. Ein Einsatz von teurer Neuware ist nicht erforderlich.The diameter of the particles is advantageously greater than 300 μm. As a result, the particles can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner. Industry and production leftovers can be used here. It is not necessary to use expensive new goods.

Dadurch, dass das energieabsorbierende Material ein Elastomer ist und dass die Durchmesser der Partikel von größer 0 µm bis kleiner 6 mm, insbesondere von größer 300 µm bis kleiner 6 mm betragen, verdrängt ein in den Geschossfang eingeschossenes Projektil die Partikel lediglich, ein Zerkleinern der Partikel findet nicht statt. Dadurch wird das Projektil während des Abbremsvorgangs im energieabsorbierenden Material des Geschossfangs kaum oder gar nicht verformt. Dies ist insbesondere bei ballistischen Untersuchungen von Vorteil.Due to the fact that the energy-absorbing material is an elastomer and that the diameter of the particles is from greater than 0 μm to less than 6 mm, in particular from greater than 300 μm to less than 6 mm, a projectile shot into the bullet trap merely displaces the particles, crushing the particles does not take place. As a result, the projectile is hardly or not at all deformed during the deceleration process in the energy-absorbing material of the bullet trap. This is particularly advantageous for ballistic investigations.

Im Vergleich zur Verwendung von Sand kommt es bei der Verwendung von Elastomer als energieabsorbierendem Material zu keiner Bildung von Geschossfangnestern.Compared to using sand, there is no formation of nests of bullet traps when using elastomer as the energy-absorbing material.

Vorteilhaft ist die Oberfläche der Partikel teilweise offenporig. Vorteilhaft ist die Oberfläche der Partikel teilweise rau.The surface of the particles is advantageously partly open-pored. The surface of the particles is advantageously partially rough.

Vorteilhaft ist das energieabsorbierende Material ein ungemahlenes selbstverlöschendes Elastomer. Ungemahlene Elastomere werden auch als Neuware bezeichnet. Hierbei kann es sich um Restbestände oder um Industrierestmengen handeln.Advantageously, the energy absorbing material is an unmilled self-extinguishing elastomer. Unground elastomers are also referred to as new goods. These can be residual stocks or industrial residues.

Vorteilhaft ist das energieabsorbierende Material ein gemahlenes selbstverlöschendes Elastomer. Dadurch können bei der Herstellung des energieabsorbierenden Materials Elastomere recycelt werden.Advantageously, the energy absorbing material is a ground self-extinguishing elastomer. As a result, elastomers can be recycled in the production of the energy-absorbing material.

Vorteilhaft besitzt der Behälter in Richtung senkrecht zur Einschussseite mindestens zwei Kammern. Vorteilhaft ist mindestens eine Kammer mit dem energieabsorbierenden Material gefüllt. Vorteilhaft ist mindestens eine Kammer im Wesentlichen mit Luft gefüllt. Vorteilhaft ist die Kammer, die benachbart zur Einschussseite angeordnet ist, im Wesentlichen mit Luft gefüllt. Vorteilhaft sind die mindestens zwei Kammern durch eine Platte voneinander getrennt. Vorteilhaft ist die Platte aus Elastomer. Bei Beschuss des Geschossfangs mit einem Projektil dringt das Projektil zunächst von der Einschussseite her in die zur Einschussseite benachbarte, mit Luft gefüllte Kammer ein. Anschließend durchdringt das Projektil die Platte aus Elastomer und dringt in die mit dem energieabsorbierenden Material gefüllte Kammer ein. Dadurch, dass die Platte aus Elastomer ist, verschließt sich das beim Durchdringen der Platte durch das Projektil entstehende Loch vollständig oder fast vollständig wieder, nachdem das Projektil die Platte durchdrungen hat. Dadurch gelangt kein oder kaum energieabsorbierendes Material von der mit energieabsorbierendem Material gefüllten Kammer in die mit Luft gefüllte Kammer. Beim Durchdringen der Platte aus Elastomer durch ein Projektil entstehen keine großen Öffnungen, aus denen das energieabsorbierende Material herausrieseln könnte. Auf diese Weise ist das energieabsorbierende Material in der mindestens einen Kammer, die mit dem energieabsorbierenden Material gefüllt ist, eingeschlossen. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Platte direkt auf der Einschussseite aufliegt. In diesem Fall ist das Volumen der im Wesentlichen mit Luft gefüllten Kammer verschwindend gering.Advantageously, the container has at least two chambers in the direction perpendicular to the entry side. At least one chamber is advantageously filled with the energy-absorbing material. At least one chamber is advantageously essentially filled with air. Advantageously, the chamber located adjacent to the entry side is substantially filled with air. The at least two chambers are advantageously separated from one another by a plate. The plate made of elastomer is advantageous. When the bullet trap is fired at with a projectile, the projectile first penetrates from the entry side into the air-filled chamber adjacent to the entry side. The projectile then penetrates the elastomeric sheet and enters the chamber filled with the energy absorbing material. Because the plate is made of elastomer, the hole created when the projectile penetrates the plate closes completely or almost completely after the projectile has penetrated the plate. As a result, little or no energy-absorbing material passes from the chamber filled with energy-absorbing material into the chamber filled with air. When a projectile penetrates the elastomeric plate, there are no large openings through which the energy-absorbing material could trickle out. In this way, the energy absorbing material is enclosed within the at least one chamber filled with the energy absorbing material. Provision can also be made for the plate to lie directly on the entry side. In this case, the volume of the essentially air-filled chamber is negligible.

Vorteilhaft weist der Behälter eine Innenseite auf, an der eine erste Haltevorrichtung und eine zweite Haltevorrichtung jeweils zur Halterung der Platte direkt benachbart zueinander angeordnet sind. Dadurch kann beim Einsatz einer neuen Platte aus Elastomer zunächst die alte Platte aus Elastomer im Behälter des Geschossfangs in der ersten Haltevorrichtung belassen werden. Bevor die alte Platte aus der ersten Haltevorrichtung entnommen wird, kann die neue Platte in die zweite Haltevorrichtung eingesetzt werden. Dadurch trennt die neue Platte die mindestens zwei Kammern bereits voneinander, während die alte Platte aus der ersten Haltevorrichtung entfernt wird. Auf diese Weise ist während des Austauschs einer alten Platte gegen eine neue Platte der Übertritt von energieabsorbierendem Material in die im Wesentlichen mit Luft gefüllte Kammer vermieden.The container advantageously has an inner side on which a first holding device and a second holding device are arranged directly adjacent to one another in each case for holding the plate. As a result, when using a new elastomeric plate, first place the old elastomeric plate in the bullet trap container in the first Holding device are left. Before the old plate is removed from the first holding device, the new plate can be inserted into the second holding device. As a result, the new plate already separates the at least two chambers from one another while the old plate is being removed from the first holding device. In this way, during the exchange of an old panel for a new panel, the transfer of energy-absorbing material into the essentially air-filled chamber is avoided.

Vorteilhaft ist die Einschussseite von einer Holzblende gebildet. Sollten Querschläger entgegen der Einschussrichtung auf die Holzblende treffen, können sie durch die Holzblende am Austreten aus dem Geschossfang gehindert werden.The entry side is advantageously formed by a wooden screen. Should ricochets hit the wooden screen in the opposite direction to the bullet, they can be prevented from exiting the bullet trap by the wooden screen.

Vorteilhaft weist der Behälter Seitenflächen auf, die senkrecht zur Einschussseite verlaufen. Vorteilhaft sind die Seitenflächen an einem Metallring festgelegt. Vorteilhaft lässt der Metallring die Einschussseite frei. Dadurch sind die Seitenflächen des Geschossfangs stabil miteinander verbunden.Advantageously, the container has side faces that run perpendicular to the entry side. The side faces are advantageously fixed to a metal ring. The metal ring advantageously leaves the entry side free. As a result, the side surfaces of the bullet trap are firmly connected to one another.

Vorteilhaft weist der Behälter eine senkrecht zur Einschussseite gemessene Länge auf, die kleiner als 100 cm ist. Dadurch kann der Geschossfang platzsparend in einer Schießanlage untergebracht werden. Insbesondere ist die senkrecht zur Einschussseite gemessene Länge größer als 80 cm. Dadurch ist eine ausreichende Absorption der Energie der Projektile möglich.Advantageously, the container has a length, measured perpendicularly to the entry side, which is less than 100 cm. As a result, the bullet trap can be accommodated in a shooting range to save space. In particular, the length measured perpendicularly to the entry side is greater than 80 cm. This allows sufficient absorption of the energy of the projectiles.

Vorteilhaft ist der Behälter quaderförmig. Vorteilhaft verläuft die Längsrichtung des Behälters senkrecht zur Einschussseite.The container is advantageously cuboid. Advantageously, the longitudinal direction of the container runs perpendicularly to the entry side.

In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die mit dem energieabsorbierenden Material gefüllte Kammer an ihrem in Einschussrichtung hinteren Ende im unteren Bereich eine Schrägfläche aufweist. Durch die Schrägfläche wird das Volumen der mit dem energieabsorbierenden Material gefüllten Kammer an ihrer Rückseite verkleinert. Dadurch kann die Kammer mit einer geringeren Menge des energieabsorbierenden Materials gefüllt werden und bietet für ein Projektil, das auf der Hälfte einer senkrecht zur Einschussrichtung gemessenen Höhe des Geschossfangs in Einschussrichtung in die mit dem energieabsorbierenden Material gefüllte Kammer eindringt, über nahezu die gesamte Länge der mit dem energieabsorbierenden Material gefüllten Kammer energieabsorbierendes Material zum Abbremsen des Projektils. Dadurch können Kosten für das energieabsorbierende Material eingespart werden.In an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that the chamber filled with the energy-absorbing material has an inclined surface at its rear end in the direction of injection in the lower region. This is made possible by the sloping surface Reduced volume of the filled with the energy absorbing material chamber at its back. As a result, the chamber can be filled with a smaller amount of the energy-absorbing material and, for a projectile that penetrates the chamber filled with the energy-absorbing material at half a height of the bullet catcher measured perpendicular to the direction of entry, in the direction of entry, over almost the entire length of the the energy absorbing material filled chamber energy absorbing material for decelerating the projectile. As a result, costs for the energy-absorbing material can be saved.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische, perspektivische Darstellung eines Geschossfangs, wobei die obere Seitenfläche des Geschossfangs entfernt ist,
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt entlang der in Fig. 1 gestrichelt eingezeichneten Schnittebene II,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Detaildarstellungen eines Partikels des energieabsorbierenden Materials aus den Fig. 1, 2, 4 und 5,
Fig. 4
eine schematische, perspektivische Darstellung eines Geschossfangs, wobei die obere Seitenfläche des Geschossfangs entfernt ist und
Fig. 5
einen Schnitt entlang der in Fig. 1 gestrichelt eingezeichneten Schnittebene V, wobei die obere Seitenfläche auf der Kammer angeordnet ist.
Embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
1
a schematic, perspective view of a bullet trap, with the upper side surface of the bullet trap being removed,
2
a cut along the in 1 broken section plane II,
3
a schematic detailed representation of a particle of the energy absorbing material from the Figures 1, 2 , 4 and 5 ,
4
a schematic perspective view of a bullet trap, wherein the upper side surface of the bullet trap is removed and
figure 5
a cut along the in 1 dashed section plane V, the upper side surface being arranged on the chamber.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Geschossfang 1. Der Geschossfang 1 dient zum sicheren Abbau der kinetischen Energie eines Projektils, das in den Geschossfang eindringt. Der Geschossfang 1 besitzt eine Einschussseite 10. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Einschussseite 10 senkrecht zu einer idealen Schussrichtung 12 angeordnet. 1 shows a bullet trap 1. The bullet trap 1 is used to safely dissipate the kinetic energy of a projectile that penetrates the bullet trap. The bullet trap 1 has an entry side 10. In the exemplary embodiment, the entry side 10 is arranged perpendicular to an ideal firing direction 12.

Der Geschossfang 1 umfasst einen Behälter 2. Der Behälter 2 wird von der Einschussseite 10, Seitenflächen 21, 22, 23, 24 und einer Rückwand 14 begrenzt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Seitenflächen 21, 22, 23, 24 senkrecht zur Einschussseite 10 orientiert. Die Seitenflächen 21 und 23 und die Seitenflächen 22 und 24 liegen sich jeweils parallel gegenüber. Die Seitenflächen 21 und 22 sind senkrecht zueinander orientiert. Die Seitenfläche 22 bildet den Boden des Behälters 2. In Fig. 1 ist die obere Seitenfläche 24 zur Darstellung des Innenbereichs des Geschossfangs 1 nicht eingezeichnet. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Geschossfang 1 quaderförmig. Die Längsrichtung des Behälters 2 verläuft senkrecht zur Einschussseite 10 und parallel zur Schussrichtung 12.The bullet trap 1 comprises a container 2 . The container 2 is delimited by the entry side 10 , side surfaces 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 and a rear wall 14 . In the exemplary embodiment, the side faces 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 are oriented perpendicularly to the entry side 10 . The side surfaces 21 and 23 and the side surfaces 22 and 24 are each parallel opposite. The side faces 21 and 22 are oriented perpendicular to one another. The side surface 22 forms the bottom of the container 2. In 1 the upper side surface 24 is not shown to show the interior of the bullet trap 1 . In the exemplary embodiment, the bullet trap 1 is cuboid. The longitudinal direction of the container 2 runs perpendicular to the entry side 10 and parallel to the firing direction 12.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 1 und 2 ist die Einschussseite 10 von einer Holzblende gebildet. Es kann aber auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Einschussseite von einem Elastomer gebildet ist. Die Seitenflächen 21, 22, 23, 24 bestehen im Ausführungsbeispiel aus Holz. Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die innenliegenden Seiten der Seitenflächen 21, 22, 23, 24 mit einem Elastomer ausgekleidet sind. Ebenso kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Seitenflächen 21, 22, 23, 24 aus Elastomer bestehen. Die Rückwand 14 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel eine Stahlplatte. Es kann jedoch auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Rückwand 14 von einer Betonwand gebildet ist. Die der Einschussseite 10 zugewandte Seite der Rückwand 14 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem Elastomer ausgekleidet.In the embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2 the entry side 10 is formed by a wooden screen. However, it can also be provided that the insertion side is formed by an elastomer. The side surfaces 21, 22, 23, 24 are made of wood in the embodiment. It can be provided that the inner sides of the side surfaces 21, 22, 23, 24 are lined with an elastomer. It can also be provided that the side faces 21, 22, 23, 24 are made of elastomer. In the exemplary embodiment, the rear wall 14 is a steel plate. However, it can also be provided that the rear wall 14 is formed by a concrete wall. In the exemplary embodiment, that side of the rear wall 14 which faces the entry side 10 is lined with an elastomer.

Der Behälter 2 besitzt in Schussrichtung 12 zwei Kammern 4, 5. Die Kammer 4 ist benachbart zur Einschussseite 10 angeordnet. Zwischen den Kammern 4 und 5 ist eine Platte 6 angeordnet. Die Platte 6 trennt die beiden Kammern 4, 5 voneinander. Die Platte 6 ist aus Elastomer. Die Kammer 5 ist mit einem energieabsorbierenden Material 3 gefüllt. Das energieabsorbierende Material 3 besteht aus Partikeln 13. Die Kammer 4 ist im Wesentlichen mit Luft gefüllt. Die Kammer 4 wird neben der Platte 6, den Seitenflächen 21, 22, 23, 24 und der Einschussseite 10 von einem Metallring 11 begrenzt. Der Behälter 2 weist einen Innenseite 7 auf. Die sich gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Seitenflächen 21, 22, 23, 24 und die sich gegenüberliegenden Seiten der Einschussseite 10 und der Rückwand 14 bilden die Innenseite 7 des Behälters 2. Der Metallring 11 ist von den Seitenflächen 21, 22, 23, 24 umschlossen. Die Seitenflächen 21, 22, 23, 24 sind an dem Metallring 11 festgelegt. Der Metallring 11 lässt die Einschussseite 10 frei. Der Metallring 11 liegt an der Innenseite 7 des Behälters 2 an. Der Metallring 11 ist an vier Stellen rechtwinklig abgewinkelt.The container 2 has two chambers 4 , 5 in the shooting direction 12 . The chamber 4 is arranged adjacent to the shooting side 10 . Between the chambers 4 and 5 a plate 6 is arranged. The plate 6 separates the two chambers 4, 5 from each other. The Plate 6 is made of elastomer. The chamber 5 is filled with an energy absorbing material 3 . The energy absorbing material 3 consists of particles 13. The chamber 4 is essentially filled with air. The chamber 4 is delimited by a metal ring 11 in addition to the plate 6, the side surfaces 21, 22, 23, 24 and the entry side 10. The container 2 has an inside 7 . The opposite sides of the side surfaces 21, 22, 23, 24 and the opposite sides of the entry side 10 and the rear wall 14 form the inside 7 of the container 2. The metal ring 11 is surrounded by the side surfaces 21, 22, 23, 24. The side faces 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 are fixed to the metal ring 11 . The metal ring 11 leaves the entry side 10 free. The metal ring 11 rests against the inside 7 of the container 2 . The metal ring 11 is bent at right angles in four places.

An der Innenseite 7 des Behälters 2 sind eine erste Haltevorrichtung 8 und eine zweite Haltevorrichtung 9 angeordnet. Beide Haltevorrichtungen 8, 9 dienen zur Halterung der Platte 6. Die Platte 6 ist entweder von der Haltevorrichtung 8 oder von der Haltevorrichtung 9 gehalten. Die beiden Haltevorrichtungen 8, 9 sind in Schussrichtung 12 direkt zueinander benachbart angeordnet. Die erste Haltevorrichtung 8 weist einen geringeren Abstand zur Einschussseite 10 als die zweite Haltevorrichtung 9 auf. Die erste Haltevorrichtung 8 und die zweite Haltevorrichtung 9 bestehen aus U-Profilen. Die Schenkel des U-förmigen Profils der Haltevorrichtungen 8, 9 verlaufen dabei parallel zur Einschussseite 10. Die erste Haltevorrichtung 8 umfasst zwei sich gegenüberliegende U-Profile. Die zweite Haltevorrichtung 9 umfasst ebenfalls zwei sich gegenüberliegende U-Profile. Die U-Profile der Haltevorrichtungen 8, 9 sind an den Seitenflächen 21 und 23 angeordnet. Beim Austausch der Platte 6 wird die neue Platte, während sich die alte Platte 6 noch in einer der beiden Haltevorrichtungen, beispielsweise in der zweiten Haltevorrichtung 9 befindet, in die jeweils andere Haltevorrichtung, in diesem Fall in die erste Haltevorrichtung 8, geschoben. Kurzfristig sind sowohl in der ersten Haltevorrichtung 8 als auch in der zweiten Haltevorrichtung 9 Platten gehalten. Anschließend wird die auszutauschende Halteplatte 6 aus ihrer Haltevorrichtung - in diesem Fall aus der zweiten Haltevorrichtung 9 - gezogen. Dadurch wird ein Übertritt von energieabsorbierendem Material 3 aus der Kammer 5 in die Kammer 4 während eines Plattentauschs vermieden.A first holding device 8 and a second holding device 9 are arranged on the inside 7 of the container 2 . Both holding devices 8, 9 are used to hold the plate 6. The plate 6 is held either by the holding device 8 or by the holding device 9. The two holding devices 8, 9 are arranged directly adjacent to one another in the weft direction 12. The first holding device 8 is at a smaller distance from the entry side 10 than the second holding device 9 . The first holding device 8 and the second holding device 9 consist of U-profiles. The legs of the U-shaped profile of the holding devices 8, 9 run parallel to the entry side 10. The first holding device 8 comprises two opposite U-profiles. The second holding device 9 also includes two opposing U-profiles. The U-profiles of the holding devices 8, 9 are arranged on the side surfaces 21 and 23. When replacing the plate 6, the new plate is pushed into the other holding device, in this case the first holding device 8, while the old plate 6 is still in one of the two holding devices, for example in the second holding device 9. For a short time, plates are held both in the first holding device 8 and in the second holding device 9 . Subsequently, the holding plate 6 to be exchanged is pulled out of its holding device—in this case from the second holding device 9 . Through this a transfer of energy-absorbing material 3 from the chamber 5 into the chamber 4 is avoided during a disk exchange.

Beim Eindringen eines Projektils in Schussrichtung 12 in die aus Elastomer bestehende Platte 6 entsteht in der Platte 6 ein Loch. Aufgrund der Materialeigenschaften des Elastomers schließt sich dieses Loch vollständig oder nahezu vollständig wieder, nachdem das Projektil die Platte 6 durchdrungen hat und vollständig in die Kammer 5 eingedrungen ist. Dadurch entstehen keine bleibenden Löcher in der Platte 6, durch die die Partikel 13 des energieabsorbierenden Materials 3 von der Kammer 5 in die Kammer 4 eindringen könnten.When a projectile penetrates in the firing direction 12 into the plate 6 made of elastomer, a hole is formed in the plate 6 . Due to the material properties of the elastomer, this hole closes again completely or almost completely after the projectile has penetrated the plate 6 and has penetrated the chamber 5 completely. As a result, there are no permanent holes in the plate 6 through which the particles 13 of the energy-absorbing material 3 could penetrate from the chamber 5 into the chamber 4.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Schnitt entlang der in Fig. 1 gestrichelt eingezeichneten Schnittebene II. Der Behälter 2 des Geschossfangs 1 weist eine senkrecht zur Einschussseite 10, parallel zur Schussrichtung 12 gemessene Länge l auf. Die Länge l ist kleiner als 100 cm. Die Kammer 5 des Behälters 2 weist eine Länge k1 auf. Die Länge k1 der Kammer 5 ist in Schussrichtung 12 und senkrecht zur Einschussseite 10 von dem am weitesten entfernt von der Einschussseite 10 liegenden Punkt der zweiten Haltevorrichtung 9 bis zur Rückwand 14 gemessen. Die Länge k1 der Kammer 5 beträgt mehr als 90% der Länge l des Behälters 2. Die Kammer 4 weist eine Länge k2 auf. Die Länge k2 ist senkrecht zur Einschussseite 10 und parallel zur Schussrichtung 12 gemessen. Die Länge k2 der Kammer 4 ist von der Einschussseite 10 bis zum der Einschussseite 10 am nächsten liegenden Punkt der ersten Haltevorrichtung 8 gemessen. Die Länge k2 der Kammer 4 ist in der Zeichnung in den Fig. 1 und 2 übertrieben dargestellt. In Realität ist die Kammer 4 im Verhältnis zur Kammer 5 sehr viel kleiner. Die Länge k2 der Kammer 4 beträgt weniger als 10% der Länge l des Behälters 2. 2 shows a section along the in 1 The container 2 of the bullet catcher 1 has a length l measured perpendicularly to the entry side 10, parallel to the firing direction 12. The length l is less than 100 cm. The chamber 5 of the container 2 has a length k1. The length k1 of the chamber 5 is measured in the firing direction 12 and perpendicular to the entry side 10 from the point of the second holding device 9 that is furthest away from the entry side 10 to the rear wall 14 . The length k1 of the chamber 5 is more than 90% of the length l of the container 2. The chamber 4 has a length k2. The length k2 is measured perpendicular to the weft side 10 and parallel to the weft direction 12. The length k2 of the chamber 4 is measured from the entry side 10 to the point of the first holding device 8 that is closest to the entry side 10 . The length k2 of the chamber 4 is shown in the drawing Figures 1 and 2 exaggerated. In reality, chamber 4 is much smaller in relation to chamber 5. The length k2 of the chamber 4 is less than 10% of the length l of the container 2.

Der Behälter 2 ist mit Partikeln 13 gefüllt. Die Partikel 13 bestehen aus selbstverlöschendem Elastomer. Der Begriff "selbstverlöschendes Elastomer" ist in der Beschreibungseinleitung definiert. Am in Einschussrichtung 12 hinteren Ende des Behälters 2 ist im unteren Bereich der mit energieabsorbierendem Material 4 gefüllten Kammer 5 eine Schrägfläche 15 vorgesehen. Die Schrägfläche 15 ist in Einschussrichtung 12 vor der Rückwand 14 angeordnet. Die Schrägfläche 15 verläuft von der Rückwand 14 zu der den Boden bildenden Seitenfläche 22. Die Schrägfläche 15 verläuft schräg zur Einschussrichtung 12. Die Schrägfläche 15 ist in einem Winkel von 20° bis 60°, insbesondere von 30° bis 50° gegen die Seitenfläche 22 orientiert. Der Behälter 2 weist eine senkrecht zur Einschussrichtung 12 gemessene Höhe h auf. Die Schrägfläche 15 erstreckt sich über mehr als die Hälfte der Höhe h des Behälters 2. Die Schrägfläche 15 erstreckt sich über weniger als zwei Drittel der Höhe h des Behälters 2. Die Schrägfläche 15 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel durch eine Holzplatte gebildet. Die Schrägfläche 15 liegt an der Rückwand 14 und an der Seitenfläche 22 an. Durch die Schrägfläche 15 wird das Volumen der Kammer 5 an ihrer Rückseite verkleinert. Dadurch kann die Kammer 5 mit einer geringeren Anzahl an Partikeln 13 des energieabsorbierenden Materials 3 gefüllt werden und bietet für ein Projektil, das auf der Hälfte der Höhe h in Einschussrichtung in die Kammer 5 eindringt, über nahezu die gesamte Länge k1 der Kammer 5 energieabsorbierendes Material 3 zum Abbremsen des Projektils. Dadurch können Kosten für das energieabsorbierende Material 3 eingespart werden.The container 2 is filled with particles 13 . The particles 13 consist of self-extinguishing elastomer. The term "self-extinguishing elastomer" is defined in the introduction to the description. At the rear end of the container 2 in the shooting direction 12 is the one filled with energy-absorbing material 4 in the lower area Chamber 5 an inclined surface 15 is provided. The inclined surface 15 is arranged in front of the rear wall 14 in the shooting direction 12 . The sloping surface 15 runs from the rear wall 14 to the side surface 22 forming the base. The sloping surface 15 runs at an angle to the shooting direction 12. The sloping surface 15 is at an angle of 20° to 60°, in particular from 30° to 50° to the side surface 22 oriented. The container 2 has a height h measured perpendicularly to the direction of entry 12 . The inclined surface 15 extends over more than half the height h of the container 2. The inclined surface 15 extends over less than two thirds of the height h of the container 2. In the exemplary embodiment, the inclined surface 15 is formed by a wooden panel. The inclined surface 15 rests against the rear wall 14 and the side surface 22 . Due to the inclined surface 15, the volume of the chamber 5 is reduced at its rear. As a result, the chamber 5 can be filled with a smaller number of particles 13 of the energy-absorbing material 3 and offers energy-absorbing material over almost the entire length k1 of the chamber 5 for a projectile that penetrates the chamber 5 at half the height h in the direction of impact 3 for decelerating the projectile. As a result, costs for the energy-absorbing material 3 can be saved.

Fig. 3 zeigt das Partikel 13. Das Partikel 13 besitzt keine bestimmte geometrische Form. Es lässt sich als klumpenförmig oder kartoffelförmig beschreiben. Die Oberfläche des Partikels 13 ist teilweise offenporig. Die Oberfläche des Partikels 13 ist teilweise rau. 3 shows the particle 13. The particle 13 has no specific geometric shape. It can be described as lump-shaped or potato-shaped. The surface of the particle 13 is partially porous. The surface of the particle 13 is partially rough.

Das Partikel 13 aus Fig. 3 weist einen Durchmesser d1 auf. Der Begriff "Durchmesser" bezeichnet die eindimensional größte Ausdehnung eines Partikels, also die in diejenige Richtung gemessene Länge des Partikels, in der das Partikel seine größte Ausdehnung besitzt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Zeichnung sind die Durchmesser d1 der Partikel 13 größer als 0 µm und kleiner als 6 mm. Es kann aber auch vorgesehen sein, dass die Partikel größer als 300 µm und kleiner als 6 mm sind. Insbesondere betragen die Durchmesser d1 der Partikel 13 maximal 5,5 mm. Bevorzugt betragen die Durchmesser d1 der Partikel 13 maximal 5 mm. Mit kleineren Durchmessern d1 der Partikel 13 nimmt die Schüttdichte des energieabsorbierenden Materials 3 zu. Bei größerer Schüttdichte erhöht sich die maximal vom Geschossfang 1 aufzunehmende Energiemenge. Die maximal vom Geschossfang 1 aufzunehmende Energiemenge entspricht der Energiemenge, die ein Projektil maximal haben darf, damit seine kinetische Energie vollständig und sicher im Geschossfang 1 absorbiert wird. Die Schüttdichte, und damit der Durchmesser d1 der Partikel 13, ist im Ausführungsbeispiel an die maximal aufzunehmende Energiemenge angepasst. Diese Anpassung der Schüttdichte an die maximal aufzunehmende Energiemenge erfolgt im Wechselspiel mit der Anpassung der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Länge k1 der mit dem energieabsorbierenden Material 3 gefüllten Kammer 4. Je länger die Länge k1 der Kammer 4, desto größer ist die maximal aufzunehmende Energiemenge eines Projektils durch den Geschossfang 1. Die maximal vom Geschossfang 1 aufzunehmende Energie kann also unverändert sein, wenn die Länge k1 der Kammer 4 verkürzt wird, sofern gleichzeitig der Durchmesser der Partikel 13 entsprechend verkleinert, also die entsprechende Schüttdichte erhöht wird.The particle 13 off 3 has a diameter d1. The term "diameter" refers to the one-dimensional largest extent of a particle, ie the length of the particle measured in that direction in which the particle has its greatest extent. In the exemplary embodiment according to the drawing, the diameter d1 of the particles 13 is greater than 0 μm and less than 6 mm. However, it can also be provided that the particles are larger than 300 μm and smaller than 6 mm. In particular, the diameter d1 of the particles 13 is a maximum of 5.5 mm. The diameter d1 of the particles 13 is preferably a maximum of 5 mm. With smaller diameters d1 of the particles 13, the bulk density of the energy absorbing material 3 increases. With a greater bulk density, the maximum amount of energy that can be absorbed by the bullet trap 1 increases. The maximum amount of energy that can be absorbed by bullet trap 1 corresponds to the maximum amount of energy that a projectile may have so that its kinetic energy is completely and safely absorbed in bullet trap 1. The bulk density, and thus the diameter d1 of the particles 13, is adapted to the maximum amount of energy to be absorbed in the exemplary embodiment. This adaptation of the bulk density to the maximum amount of energy to be absorbed takes place in interaction with the adaptation of the in 2 shown length k1 of the chamber 4 filled with the energy-absorbing material 3. The longer the length k1 of the chamber 4, the greater the maximum amount of energy a projectile can absorb through the bullet trap 1. The maximum energy to be absorbed by the bullet trap 1 can therefore remain unchanged if the Length k1 of the chamber 4 is shortened, provided that at the same time the diameter of the particles 13 is correspondingly reduced, ie the corresponding bulk density is increased.

Das energieabsorbierende Material 3 der Partikel 13 ist ein selbstverlöschendes Elastomer. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Zeichnung ist das von den Partikeln 13 gebildete energieabsorbierende Material 3 ein gemahlenes selbstverlöschendes Elastomer. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist das gemahlene selbstverlöschende Elastomer Ethylenpropylenkautschuk mit Melaminen als Additiven. Als energieabsorbierendes Material kann jedoch auch eines der folgenden selbstverlöschenden Elastomere vorgesehen sein: Ethylenpropylenkautschuk mit Melaminen und/oder Salzen als Additive, Butylkautschuk mit Chlor als Additiv, Chlorbutylkautschuk mit Chlor oder Brombythol als Additiv, Brombutylkautschuk mit Chlor oder Brombythol als Additiv, Chlorsulfonierter Polyethylenkautschuk mit Chlor als Additiv, Polyurethankautschuk mit Salzen als Additiv, Polyacrylatkautschuk mit Salzen als Additiv, Fluorkautschuk mit Fluoriden als Additiv, Fluorsilikonkautschuk mit Fluoriden als Additiv oder Chloroprenkautschuk mit Chlor als Additiv. Auch eine beliebige Mischung aus diesen Stoffen ist möglich und fällt unter den Begriff "selbstverlöschendes Elastomer". In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel besteht das selbstverlöschende Elastomer aus Ethylenpropylenkautschuk mit Melaminen als Additiven und Ethylenpropylenkautschuk mit Melaminen und/oder Salzen als Additiven. Das jeweilige Additiv ist in den jeweils zugeordneten Kautschuk eingebettet. Das jeweilige Additiv ist in das Polymernetzwerk des zugeordneten Kautschuks eingebaut. Das jeweilige Additiv und der jeweils zugeordnete Kautschuk bilden in Form einer chemischen Verbindung das selbstverlöschende Elastomer. Dies gilt für sämtliche Kombinationen der verschiedenen genannten Additive mit den verschiedenen genannten Kautschuktypen. Insbesondere liegen das jeweilige Additiv oder zumindest ein Teil des jeweiligen Additivs als chemische Verbindung mit dem jeweils zugeordneten Kautschuk vor. Die chemische Verbindung aus Additiv und Kautschuk ist selbstverlöschend.The energy absorbing material 3 of the particles 13 is a self-extinguishing elastomer. In the exemplary embodiment according to the drawing, the energy-absorbing material 3 formed by the particles 13 is a ground, self-extinguishing elastomer. In the exemplary embodiment, the ground self-extinguishing elastomer is ethylene propylene rubber with melamines as additives. However, one of the following self-extinguishing elastomers can also be provided as the energy-absorbing material: ethylene-propylene rubber with melamines and/or salts as additives, butyl rubber with chlorine as an additive, chlorobutyl rubber with chlorine or bromobythol as an additive, bromobutyl rubber with chlorine or bromobythol as an additive, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber with chlorine as an additive, polyurethane rubber with salts as an additive, polyacrylate rubber with salts as an additive, fluororubber with fluorides as an additive, fluorosilicone rubber with fluorides as an additive or chloroprene rubber with chlorine as an additive. Any mixture of these substances is also possible and falls under the term "self-extinguishing elastomer". In a further embodiment, the self-extinguishing elastomer consists of ethylene propylene rubber with melamines as additives and ethylene propylene rubber with melamines and/or salts as additives. The respective additive is embedded in the respectively assigned rubber. The respective additive is built into the polymer network of the associated rubber. The respective additive and the associated rubber form the self-extinguishing elastomer in the form of a chemical compound. This applies to all combinations of the various additives mentioned with the various types of rubber mentioned. In particular, the respective additive or at least part of the respective additive is present as a chemical compound with the respectively associated rubber. The chemical combination of additive and rubber is self-extinguishing.

Der Anteil des jeweiligen Additivs bzw. der jeweiligen Additive am Gesamtgewicht des jeweiligen energieabsorbierenden Materials beträgt von 0,001 Gew.-% bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,01 Gew.-% bis 10 Gew.-%, im Ausführungsbeispiel von 0,1 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%. Der Anteil des jeweiligen Additivs bzw. der jeweiligen Additive am Gesamtgewicht des einzelnen Partikels 13 beträgt 0,001 Gew.-% bis 20 Gew.-%, insbesondere von 0,01 Gew.-% bis 10 Gew.-%, im Ausführungsbeispiel von 0,1 Gew.-% bis 5 Gew.-%. Auch ein Anteil der Additive von mindestens 0,5 Gew.-%, insbesondere von mindestens 1 Gew.-% kann vorteilhaft sein.The proportion of the respective additive or additives in the total weight of the respective energy-absorbing material is from 0.001% by weight to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, in the exemplary embodiment from 0 .1% to 5% by weight. The proportion of the respective additive or additives in the total weight of the individual particle 13 is 0.001% by weight to 20% by weight, in particular from 0.01% by weight to 10% by weight, in the exemplary embodiment from 0, 1% to 5% by weight. A proportion of the additives of at least 0.5% by weight, in particular at least 1% by weight, can also be advantageous.

Bei dem jeweiligen Kautschuk handelt es sich um Naturkautschuk. Insbesondere handelt es sich bei dem energieabsorbierenden Material um Material, das durch einen Mischungsvorgang gewonnen wurde, bei dem vor der Mischung mit den Additiven der Kautschuk durch Mastikation plastifiziert wurde. Dies kann im Walzwerk oder im Innenmischer erfolgt sein. Bei der Mastikation entsteht eine vollkommen homogene Masse. Dadurch kann zur Herstellung des Partikels 13 Kautschuk recyclet werden und dennoch eine hohe Materialqualität erreicht werden. Bei der Mastikation wird die Vernetzung der Polymere zumindest teilweise gelöst. Dies ermöglicht die Zugabe der Additive und deren Einbettung in den Kautschuk.The respective rubber is natural rubber. In particular, the energy absorbing material is material obtained by a compounding process in which the rubber has been plasticized by mastication prior to compounding with the additives. This can be done in the rolling mill or in the internal mixer. A completely homogeneous mass is produced during mastication. As a result, rubber can be recycled to produce the particle 13 and a high material quality can still be achieved. During mastication, the crosslinking of the polymers is at least partially broken. This allows the additives to be added and embedded in the rubber.

In den Figuren 4 und 5 ist ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel für einen Geschossfang 31 gezeigt. Sich entsprechende Bauteile des Geschossfangs 31 nach den Figuren 1 und 2 und des Geschossfangs 31 nach den Figuren 4 und 5 sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.In the figures 4 and 5 another exemplary embodiment of a bullet trap 31 is shown. Corresponding components of the projectile trap 31 according to Figures 1 and 2 and the projectile catcher 31 after the figures 4 and 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals.

Der Geschossfang 31 weist lediglich eine Kammer 16 auf. In der Kammer 16 ist das energieabsorbierende Material 3 angeordnet. An seinem bezüglich der Einschussrichtung 12 hinteren Ende ist der Geschossfang 31 nach den Figuren 4 und 5 identisch zum Geschossfang 1 nach den Figuren 1 und 2 gestaltet. Am bezüglich der Einschussrichtung 12 vorderen Ende des Geschossfangs 31 ist die Kammer 16 durch eine senkrechte Gummiplatte 17 und durch eine schräge Gummiplatte 18 begrenzt. Sowohl die senkrechte Gummiplatte 17 als auch die schräge Gummiplatte 18 sind aus einem selbstverlöschenden Material, vorzugsweise aus einem selbstverlöschenden Elastomer. Die Gummiplatten 17 und 18 weisen eine senkrecht zur jeweiligen Plattenebene gemessene Dicke von 2 mm bis 40 mm, insbesondere von 20 mm bis 30 mm auf.The bullet trap 31 has only one chamber 16 . The energy-absorbing material 3 is arranged in the chamber 16 . At its rear end with respect to the bullet direction 12, the bullet trap 31 is figures 4 and 5 identical to bullet trap 1 according to the Figures 1 and 2 designed. At the front end of the bullet trap 31 with respect to the direction 12 of the bullet, the chamber 16 is delimited by a vertical rubber plate 17 and by an inclined rubber plate 18 . Both the vertical rubber plate 17 and the inclined rubber plate 18 are made of a self-extinguishing material, preferably a self-extinguishing elastomer. The rubber plates 17 and 18 have a thickness of 2 mm to 40 mm, in particular 20 mm to 30 mm, measured perpendicular to the respective plane of the plate.

Die senkrechte Gummiplatte 17 erstreckt sich von der den Boden bildenden Seitenfläche 22 senkrecht zur Seitenfläche 22 in Richtung auf die obere Seitenfläche 24 über weniger als ein Drittel der Höhe h des Geschossfangs 31. Die senkrechte Gummiplatte 17 ist auf einer nicht dargestellten senkrechten Holzplatte fixiert. Die senkrechte Holzplatte weist dieselbe Höhe wie die senkrechte Gummiplatte 17 auf.The vertical rubber plate 17 extends from the bottom-forming side surface 22 perpendicular to the side surface 22 in the direction of the upper side surface 24 over less than a third of the height h of the bullet trap 31. The vertical rubber plate 17 is fixed on a vertical wooden plate, not shown. The vertical wooden plate has the same height as the vertical rubber plate 17.

Ausgehend vom oberen Ende der senkrechten Gummiplatte 17 erstreckt sich die schräge Gummiplatte 18 bis zur oberen Seitenfläche 24. Die schräge Gummiplatte 18 verläuft schräg zur Einschussrichtung 12. Die schräge Gummiplatte 18 liegt auf dem energieabsorbierenden Material 3 auf und begrenzt so die Kammer 16. Die schräge Gummiplatte 18 liegt unmittelbar auf dem energieabsorbierenden Material 3 auf und bildet in Einschussrichtung 12 eine Außenfläche des Geschossfangs 31. Die senkrechte Gummiplatte 17 und die schräge Gummiplatte 18 bilden zusammen eine vordere Seitenfläche 34 des Behälters 32.Starting from the upper end of the vertical rubber plate 17, the sloping rubber plate 18 extends to the upper side surface 24. The sloping rubber plate 18 runs at an angle to the shooting direction 12. The sloping rubber plate 18 rests on the energy-absorbing material 3 and thus delimits the chamber 16. The sloping Rubber plate 18 lies directly on the energy-absorbing material 3 and forms an outer surface of the bullet trap 31 in the direction of the bullet 12. The vertical rubber plate 17 and the inclined rubber plate 18 together form a front side surface 34 of the container 32.

Die schräge Gummiplatte 18 ist in einem Winkel von 20° bis 60°, insbesondere von 30° bis 50° gegen die Seitenfläche 24 orientiert. Die schräge Gummiplatte 18 ist in ihrer Erstreckung von der senkrechten Gummiplatte 17 zur oberen Seitenfläche 24 in Einschussrichtung 12 geneigt. Die schräge Gummiplatte 18 erstreckt sich über mehr als die Hälfte der Höhe h des Behälters 32. Die schräge Gummiplatte 18 liegt an der oberen Seitenfläche 24 und an der senkrechten Gummiplatte 17 an. Durch die schräge Gummiplatte 18 wird das Volumen der Kammer 16 an ihrer Vorderseite verkleinert. Dadurch kann die Kammer 16 mit einer geringeren Anzahl an Partikeln 13 des energieabsorbierenden Materials 3 gefüllt werden und bietet für ein Projektil, das auf der Hälfte der Höhe h in Einschussrichtung in die Kammer 5 eindringt, über nahezu eine gesamte in Einschussrichtung 12 gemessene Länge k3 der Kammer 16 energieabsorbierendes Material 3 zum Abbremsen des Projektils. Dadurch können Kosten für das energieabsorbierende Material 3 eingespart werden.The inclined rubber plate 18 is oriented at an angle of 20° to 60°, in particular of 30° to 50°, against the side surface 24. The oblique rubber plate 18 is inclined in its extension from the vertical rubber plate 17 to the upper side surface 24 in the direction of insertion 12 . The sloping rubber plate 18 extends over more than half the height h of the container 32. The sloping rubber plate 18 abuts the upper side surface 24 and the vertical rubber plate 17. The oblique rubber plate 18 reduces the volume of the chamber 16 at its front. As a result, the chamber 16 can be filled with a smaller number of particles 13 of the energy-absorbing material 3 and, for a projectile that penetrates the chamber 5 at half the height h in the direction of entry, over almost the entire length k3 measured in the direction of entry 12, Chamber 16 energy absorbing material 3 for decelerating the projectile. As a result, costs for the energy-absorbing material 3 can be saved.

Im Gegensatz zur Ausführung des Geschossfangs 1 nach den Figuren 1 und 2 dringt ein auf den Geschossfang 31 nach den Figuren 4 und 5 geschossenes Projektil unmittelbar in die Begrenzung der das energieabsorbierende Material 3 enthaltenden Kammer 16 ein. Dadurch ergibt sich ein einfacher Aufbau des Geschossfangs 31. Der Austausch der Gummiplatte 18 ist auf einfache Weise möglich. Es ist auch möglich, lediglich Teilbereiche der Gummiplatte 18 zu ersetzen. Das ersetzte Material kann vollständig recycelt werden. Anstatt der Gummiplatte 18 kann auch eine Folie verwendet werden.In contrast to the execution of the projectile catcher 1 after the Figures 1 and 2 penetrates the bullet trap 31 after the figures 4 and 5 projectile fired directly into the boundary of the chamber 16 containing the energy-absorbing material 3 . This results in a simple construction of the bullet trap 31. The exchange of the rubber plate 18 is possible in a simple manner. It is also possible to replace only partial areas of the rubber sheet 18 . The replaced material can be fully recycled. Instead of the rubber plate 18, a film can also be used.

Claims (15)

  1. Bullet trap comprising a container (2) having a shot entry side (10) and an energy-absorbent material (3), wherein the container (2) is filled with the energy-absorbent material (3), wherein the energy-absorbent material (3) is an elastomer, wherein the energy-absorbent material (3) consists of particles (13), wherein the diameters (d1) of the particles (13) are greater than 0 µm and less than 6 mm, wherein the energy-absorbent material (3) is
    - ethylene acrylate rubber with acrylate as an additive,
    - ethylene propylene rubber with melamines and/or salts as additives,
    - butyl rubber with chlorine as an additive,
    - chlorinated butyl rubber with chlorine or brombythol as an additive,
    - bromobutyl rubber with chlorine or brombythol as an additive,
    - chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber with chlorine as an additive,
    - polyurethane rubber with salts as an additive,
    - polyacrylate rubber with salts as an additive,
    - fluororubber with fluorides as an additive,
    - fluorosilicone rubber with fluorides as an additive or
    - chloroprene rubber with chlorine as an additive,
    and wherein the respective additive is embedded in the associated rubber.
  2. Bullet trap according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that the diameters (d1) of the particles (13) are a maximum of 5.5 mm.
  3. Bullet trap according to Claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that the diameters (d1) of the particles (13) are more than 300 µm.
  4. Bullet trap according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that the energy-absorbent material (3) is an unground elastomer.
  5. Bullet trap according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that the energy-absorbent material (3) is a ground elastomer.
  6. Bullet trap according to one of Claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that the container (2) has a length (l), measured perpendicularly to the shot entry side (10), and in that the length (l) is less than 100 cm.
  7. Bullet trap according to one of Claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that the container (2) has in the direction perpendicular to the shot entry side (10) at least two chambers (4, 5), and in that at least one chamber (5) is filled with the energy-absorbent material (3).
  8. Bullet trap according to Claim 7,
    characterized in that at least one chamber (4) is substantially filled with air.
  9. Bullet trap according to Claim 8,
    characterized in that the chamber (4) that is arranged adjacent to the shot entry side (10) is exclusively filled with air.
  10. Bullet trap according to one of Claims 7 to 9,
    characterized in that the at least two chambers (4, 5) are separated from one another by a plate (6), and in that the plate (6) is made of elastomer.
  11. Bullet trap according to Claim 10,
    characterized in that the container (2) has an inner side (7) and in that a first holding device (8) and a second holding device (9), each for mounting the plate (6), are arranged directly adjacent to one another on the inner side (7).
  12. Bullet trap according to one of Claims 1 to 11,
    characterized in that the shot entry side (10) is formed by a wooden panel.
  13. Bullet trap according to one of Claims 1 to 12,
    characterized in that the container (2) is cuboidal, and in that the longitudinal direction of the container (2) runs perpendicularly to the shot entry side (10).
  14. Bullet trap according to one of Claims 1 to 13,
    characterized in that the chamber (5, 16) filled with the energy-absorbent material (3) has at its rear end, in the shot entry direction (12), a sloping surface (15) in the lower region.
  15. Bullet trap according to one of Claims 1 to 14,
    characterized in that the chamber (16) filled with the energy-absorbent material has at its front end, in the shot entry direction (12), a sloping rubber plate (18) in the upper region.
EP20167566.7A 2019-04-04 2020-04-01 Bullet catcher Active EP3719439B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202019001557.4U DE202019001557U1 (en) 2019-04-04 2019-04-04 bullet trap

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3719439A1 EP3719439A1 (en) 2020-10-07
EP3719439B1 true EP3719439B1 (en) 2023-06-07

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DE (1) DE202019001557U1 (en)
PL (1) PL3719439T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021204764A1 (en) 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 Sommer Fassadensysteme-Stahlbau-Sicherheitstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Multi-part support structure for a modular ballistic rebound protection
DE102021204763A1 (en) 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 Sommer Fassadensysteme-Stahlbau-Sicherheitstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Modular ballistic rebound protection
DE102021204761A1 (en) 2021-05-11 2022-11-17 Sommer Fassadensysteme-Stahlbau-Sicherheitstechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Modular ballistic rebound protection

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004076958A2 (en) * 2003-02-28 2004-09-10 Allan Stefan Wojcinski Device for charging, discharging, and trying out and adjusting guns, and protective cabin for said device
KR20170105260A (en) * 2016-03-09 2017-09-19 (주)에프티에스 Bullet head collecting apparatus
DE202016002885U1 (en) 2016-05-03 2016-05-19 Marlene Schlayer bullet trap

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PL3719439T3 (en) 2023-10-23
DE202019001557U1 (en) 2019-04-15
EP3719439A1 (en) 2020-10-07

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