EP3625845A1 - Redox-flow-batterie und verfahren zum betreiben einer redox-flow-batterie - Google Patents
Redox-flow-batterie und verfahren zum betreiben einer redox-flow-batterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP3625845A1 EP3625845A1 EP18748872.1A EP18748872A EP3625845A1 EP 3625845 A1 EP3625845 A1 EP 3625845A1 EP 18748872 A EP18748872 A EP 18748872A EP 3625845 A1 EP3625845 A1 EP 3625845A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chamber
- redox flow
- anode
- flow battery
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
Definitions
- the invention relates to a redox flow battery and a Ver ⁇ drive for operating a redox flow battery.
- Batteries are stores for electrical energy on electro ⁇ chemical basis and suitable to store the excess energy. If it is a rechargeable supply, it is also called an accumulator.
- a single element is also a rechargeable storage secondary element ge Nannt ⁇ .
- the electrode-active material is liquid.
- This liquid electrolyte is stored in a tank and pumped into a cathode compartment with a cathode and / or into an anode compartment with an anode.
- the liquid electrolyte therefore expediently comprises a reduction-oxidation pair as the electrode-active material.
- the electrode active material is redu ⁇ sheet or oxidized.
- the electrodes typically include graphite or carbon.
- the structure of the electrodes is typical Poorly porous in the manner of a fleece or a fur, or in other words in the form of a grid or structural element, designed to provide the largest possible surface of the electric ⁇ the. Disadvantageously takes place at these
- Electrodes the hydrogenation reaction (English: hydrogen evolution reaction, HER) instead. This leads as ⁇ to disadvantageous that between anolyte and catholyte be unequal Ladungsver ⁇ ratios.
- the Faraday efficiency is as ⁇ significantly reduces disadvantageous.
- an electrically rechargeable redox flow battery comprises a first chamber and a second chamber.
- the first chamber is separated from the second chamber by means of a membrane.
- the first chamber comprises a cathode and the second chamber comprises an anode.
- a first planar surface of the cathode and / or a second planar surface of the anode has elevations for enlarging the surface.
- These protrusions are adapted to form flow channels for egg ⁇ NEN electrolyte of the redox flow battery.
- the cathode and / or anode comprises at least a first mate rial ⁇ , wherein the material lead, bismuth, zinc, titanium, molybdenum or tungsten comprising.
- the method according to the invention for operating a redox flow battery comprises several steps. First, the provision of a redox flow battery with a first Kam- mer and a second chamber. The first chamber is separated from the second chamber by means of a membrane. The first chamber comprises a cathode and the second chamber comprises an anode. A first surface of the cathode and / or a second surface of the anode has elevations for enlarging the surface. These elevations are suitable for forming flow channels for a first and / or second electrolyte of the redox flow battery.
- the cathode and / or the anode comprise at least a first material, wherein the first material comprises lead, bismuth, zinc, titanium, molybdenum or tungsten.
- a first electrolyte is fed into the first chamber and a second electrolyte is passed into the second chamber. The two chambers then charge or discharge the redox flow battery.
- the cathode and / or the anode are substantially planar.
- elevations angeord ⁇ net are here understood to mean structured elevations, in particular in the form of cylindrical, cube-shaped, pyramidal or hemispherical elevations. Between the elevations flow channels form, through which the first and / or second electrolyte can flow.
- the materials lead, bismuth, zinc, titanium, molybdenum or tungsten used according to the invention have a higher overvoltage potential than hydrogen evolution than conventional carbon or graphite electrodes.
- Insbesonde ⁇ re the overvoltage potential relative to hydrogen at 25 ° C is less than - 0.6 V.
- the applied elec- generic potential at the anode can be more negative than with coal ⁇ fabric or graphite electrodes, thereby advantageously more
- Electrons per molecule of the reduction-oxidation pair from the anode to the cathode can be transferred.
- ⁇ advantage adhesive enough thus increasing the Faraday efficiency and so- with the overall efficiency of the redox flow battery.
- the elekt ⁇ generic stream is thus efficiently transmitted to a reduction oxidation-pair in the electrolyte, characterized that it is reduced or oxidized.
- the hydrogenation reaction competing for this reaction is significantly reduced.
- the cathode and / or anode comprises lead or bismuth as the first material.
- these materials can be used with orgasmic ⁇ African oxidation-reduction pairs on quinone-based, in particular AQDSH 2 / AQDS (, AQDS means 10 9 anthraquinone-2, 7-di-sulfonic acid) and Br 2/2 HBr. It is just ⁇ if advantageously possible, lead or bismuth as Elektrodenma ⁇ material with organic reduction-oxidation pairs on quinone-based, in particular AQDSH 2 / AQDS (, AQDS means 10 9 anthraquinone-2, 7-di-sulfonic acid) and Br 2/2 HBr. It is just ⁇ if advantageously possible, lead or bismuth as Elektrodenma ⁇ material with organic reduction-oxidation pairs on
- Polymer base in particular polymers with the basis TEMPO / TEMPO + (TEMPO means 2,2,6,6- Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy) and based on viologens, in other words, N'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridines (Viol2 ⁇ / Viol + ). Lead and bismuth are particularly easily accessible and not expensive compared to other materials.
- TEMPO means 2,2,6,6- Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy
- viologens in other words, N'-dialkyl-4,4'-bipyridines
- the elevations have a first long side and a second short side.
- the surveys are thus executed essentially rectangular.
- elongate flow channels through which the first and / or second electrolyte can flow, form between the elevations.
- the Erhe ⁇ environments are, in particular parallel or meandering angeord ⁇ net.
- parallel arrangement of parallel flow channels are formed, whereby the first and / or second electrolyte is guided by a plurality of individual flow channels through the redox flow Bat ⁇ terie.
- a long flow channel results through the redox flow battery.
- the first material comprises lead or bis ⁇ mut with a weight fraction of at least 20%, in particular ⁇ re of at least 40%.
- Lead or bismuth are not only too small parts, in particular as an impurity contained in the electrodes, but as a key material of the electrodes is advantageously guaranteed, that the over-voltage potential relative to hydrogen is such nied ⁇ rig. That no or almost no hydrogen produced in the redox flow battery.
- the cathode and / or the anode touch the membrane at least partially directly. This borders the Membrane, in particular adjacent to the surveys from a flow channel.
- the flow direction of the f ⁇ th and / or second electrolyte is so set defined in the flow battery advantageous.
- the contact surface which has the first and / or second electrolyte with the electrodes , can advantageously be determined.
- the cathode and / or the anode comprises a second material, wherein the second material comprises polymer fibers or carbon fibers.
- the fibers stabilize the respective shape of the anode and / or cathode.
- expensive material is replaced by cheaper fiber material. This advantageously lowers the manufacturing cost of the electrode.
- a weight percentage of the second ⁇ Ma terials at least 10%, more advantageously at least 15%.
- the first material is arranged as a layer on the second material.
- the production costs are kept as low as possible, since the
- the thickness of the layer is in a range of 3 .mu.m and 50 .mu.m, particularly preferably in a range ym 5-20 ym.
- the anode and / or cathode is as a Balls electrode or a rod electrode designed. These forms of the electrodes are advantageously particularly easy to produce.
- polyoxometalate is used as the reduction-oxidation pair in the first and / or second electrolyte.
- FIG. 1 shows a rechargeable redox flow battery with a planar electrode redox flow unit
- Figure 2 shows a redox flow unit with an anode
- FIG. 3 shows a redox flow unit with an anode
- Figure 4 shows a redox flow unit having a cathode with a first form of flow channels and an anode with a second form of flow channels;
- Figure 5 shows a planar anode with meandering arrange ⁇ th surveys
- Figure 6 shows a planar anode with elongated elevations
- Figure 7 shows a planar anode with hemispherical Erhe ⁇ environments
- Figure 8 shows a planar anode having pyramidal Erhe ⁇ environments
- FIG. 9 shows a planar anode with cube-shaped elevations.
- FIG. 1 shows a rechargeable redox flow battery 1.
- the rechargeable redox flow battery 1 comprises a redox flow unit 20.
- the redox flow unit 20 comprises a membrane 3, the membrane 3 having a first chamber 4 and a second chamber 5 separates from each other.
- a cathode 15 is arranged in the first chamber 4.
- an anode 16 is arranged in the second chamber 5.
- the cathode 15 and the anode 16 are connected via an electrical energy connection 12 to a power grid.
- the rechargeable redox flow battery 1 further comprises a first tank 6, which is connected by means of a first pump 8 via a first line to the first chamber 4 to the cathode 15.
- the first chamber 4 is in turn connected via a third line 10 to the first tank 6.
- the rechargeable redox flow battery 1 comprises a second tank 7 which is connected via a second pump 9 to the second chamber 5 with the anode 16 via a second line 18.
- the second chamber 5 is in turn connected to the second tank
- FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of a redox flow unit 20 with a first chamber 4 in which a porous graphite electrode, in this case, the cathode 15 is arranged ⁇ is.
- the redox flow unit 20 further comprises a second chamber 5, in which a planar anode 16 is arranged with längli ⁇ chen elevations 27.
- the cathode 15 is adjacent ⁇ di rectly to a current collector 22.
- the anode 16 is also adjacent to a current collector 21.
- the graphite electrode 15 be ⁇ stirred for both the current collector 22 and the diaphragm. 3
- the anode touches the collector 21 completely and the membrane ⁇ ran by means of the elevations 27 partially. Between the elevations 27, flow channels 26 form.
- the flow channel has a first width 36 and a second width 37.
- the second width 37 increases in this embodiment.
- the ers ⁇ te width 36 is typically in a range of 0.5 mm to 20 mm, preferably from 1 mm to 10 mm.
- the second width 37 of the flow channel 24 is typically in a range of 0.05 mm to 20 mm, particularly preferably 0.1 mm to 10 mm.
- the first width 36 is constant.
- the cross-sections can be selected in particular in dependence on a ge ⁇ desired target residence time of the anolyte at the anode.
- the flow channels 26 are bounded on three sides by the anode 16 and on one side by the membrane 3.
- the planar anode 16 comprises a first material 25, wherein the first material in this embodiment comprises at least 10% lead.
- the anode 16 itself is not porous.
- the anode 16 may comprise at least 10% bismuth.
- the anode may further comprise carbon and carbon. Also alloys, in particular of lead or bismuth can be used.
- an electrolyte is supplied as a catholyte 23.
- the catholyte 23 flows through the pore structure of
- an electro ⁇ lyt is supplied as anolyte.
- the anolyte flows meandering through the flow channels 26 of the anode 16.
- the residence time of the anolyte at the anode, although reduced as compared to the porous electrode, typically used in redox flow cells is translated ⁇ th oxidation-reduction pairs, in particular based on polyoxometalate may also effectively reduced or oxidized with short residence times.
- the residence time can be changed by means of the shape of the flow channels 26, so that the residence time can be adjusted depending on the reduction-oxidation pair used.
- the low overvoltage potential relative to hydrogen, the water ⁇ material production is advantageously reduced at the anode compared to the porous electrodes.
- Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a redox flow unit 20 with a porous graphite electrode in the first chamber 4 and a planar anode 16 with elevations 27 in the second chamber 5.
- the anode touches only the Current collector 21, but not the membrane 3.
- the anode 16 in this second exemplary embodiment comprises two materials which are arranged one above the other like a layer.
- the main body of the anode 16 essentially comprises the second material 28 and is coated with a layer comprising the first material 25.
- the second material 28 comprises polymeric fibers.
- the second material can also include carbon fibers.
- an electrolyte is supplied as a catholyte ⁇ leads.
- the catholyte flows through the pore structure of the gra ⁇ phite electrode.
- an electrolyte is supplied as anolyte.
- the anolyte flows along the flow channel 26 and also penetrates into the depressions between the elevations 27.
- This arrangement is particularly suitable for reduction-oxidation pairs, which a short residence time at the anode is sufficient to ensure a sufficient degree of oxidation to store the energy.
- such a structure is suitable if a polyoxometalate is used as the reduction-oxidation pair.
- FIG. 4 shows a redox flow unit 20 according to a third exemplary embodiment.
- a planar Cathode 30 with elevations 27 and flow channels 26 arranged in the first chamber 4 is a planar Cathode 30 with elevations 27 and flow channels 26 arranged in the second chamber 5.
- a planar anode 16 with Erhe ⁇ exercises 27 is arranged in the second chamber 5.
- the elevations 27 differ in their shape.
- the cathode 30 has cuboid elevations, the anode 16 has pyramidal elevations. The tips of the pyramid touch the membrane 3 in this example.
- flow channels 26 are formed, through which the anolyte can flow.
- the catholyte flows in this example meandering over the cathode 30th
- the embodiments may combine with each other to ⁇ . It is thus possible, in particular, for the anode in the first exemplary embodiment also to comprise two layers. All ge ⁇ named versions of the anode can also be transferred to the cathode.
- a planar cathode 30 with elevations 27 in the first chamber 4 and a porous anode in a redox flow unit 2 may be arranged.
- the elevations 27 on the electrode in all three embodiments may have different shapes. The different shapes are illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 9 on the basis of the anode 16. But they can also be transferred to the Ka ⁇ method 30.
- Figure 5 shows elevations 27, as they are arranged in the first and second embodiments in the anode 16 and in the third Ausure ⁇ insurance example at the cathode 30.
- the Erhe ⁇ environments form a meandering flow channel 26th
- FIG. 6 shows in each case flow channels 26, which are formed by cavities in cylindrical or cuboid elevations 27. These flow channels 26 have a very short residence time for the electrolyte at the electrode.
- the residence time here is similar to a completely planar, essentially smooth, surface of an electrode. Such an electrode is conceivable, but not drawn here.
- the anode 16 comprises in FIG. 7 hemispherical elevations 31, in FIG. 8 pyramidal elevations 34 and in FIG. 9 cube-shaped elevations 35.
- the number of elevations may vary. The more protrusions are arranged on the anode 16, the higher the residence time of the anolyte at the anode 16.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP17275122.4A EP3439093B1 (de) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | Redox-flow-batterie und verfahren zum betreiben einer redox-flow-batterie |
PCT/EP2018/069538 WO2019025190A1 (de) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-07-18 | Redox-flow-batterie und verfahren zum betreiben einer redox-flow-batterie |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3625845A1 true EP3625845A1 (de) | 2020-03-25 |
Family
ID=59558345
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17275122.4A Active EP3439093B1 (de) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | Redox-flow-batterie und verfahren zum betreiben einer redox-flow-batterie |
EP18748872.1A Withdrawn EP3625845A1 (de) | 2017-08-04 | 2018-07-18 | Redox-flow-batterie und verfahren zum betreiben einer redox-flow-batterie |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17275122.4A Active EP3439093B1 (de) | 2017-08-04 | 2017-08-04 | Redox-flow-batterie und verfahren zum betreiben einer redox-flow-batterie |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11424471B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP3439093B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2020523731A (de) |
CN (1) | CN110998946A (de) |
DK (1) | DK3439093T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2781301T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2019025190A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3439093B1 (de) | 2017-08-04 | 2020-01-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Redox-flow-batterie und verfahren zum betreiben einer redox-flow-batterie |
CN115485291A (zh) | 2020-04-29 | 2022-12-16 | 百时美施贵宝公司 | 具血影蛋白融合结构域的微型化抗肌萎缩蛋白及其用途 |
US11677093B2 (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2023-06-13 | Ess Tech, Inc. | Electrode assembly for a redox flow battery |
EP4181239A1 (de) | 2021-11-15 | 2023-05-17 | Litricity GmbH | Elektrochemische zelle |
US11881605B2 (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2024-01-23 | The Chinese University Of Hong Kong | Low-temperature aqueous redox flow battery |
WO2023200652A1 (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-10-19 | Washington University | Electrode-decoupled redox flow battery |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02195650A (ja) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-08-02 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | レドックスフロー電池用電極 |
JP3844103B2 (ja) * | 1998-06-10 | 2006-11-08 | 東洋紡績株式会社 | 液流通型電解槽用溝付き電極材及びその製造方法 |
JP4823446B2 (ja) * | 2001-08-22 | 2011-11-24 | 株式会社フジコー | 凹凸面フェルト材 |
GB0718577D0 (en) * | 2007-09-24 | 2007-10-31 | Acal Energy Ltd | Fuel cells |
CN106159189B (zh) * | 2010-03-30 | 2019-11-01 | 应用材料公司 | 高性能ZnFe液流电池组 |
US8486567B2 (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2013-07-16 | Gas Technology Institute | Batteries, fuel cells, and other electrochemical devices |
JP6034788B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-08 | 2016-11-30 | プリマス パワー コーポレイション | フロー電池用金属電極組立品 |
JP2013004351A (ja) * | 2011-06-17 | 2013-01-07 | Jx Metals Trading Co Ltd | レドックスフロー電池用電極材及びそれを備えたレドックスフロー電池 |
JP6018450B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-31 | 2016-11-02 | 東邦テナックス株式会社 | 炭素繊維フェルト、その製造方法、及び電極 |
US20140050947A1 (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2014-02-20 | Recapping, Inc. | Hybrid Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices |
US9685651B2 (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2017-06-20 | Ess Tech, Inc. | Internally manifolded flow cell for an all-iron hybrid flow battery |
CN104241661B (zh) * | 2014-09-23 | 2017-04-19 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种全钒液流电池用复合电极的制备方法 |
DE102015212234A1 (de) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-01-26 | Sgl Carbon Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kohlenstofffilzelektroden für Redox Flow Batterien |
JP2017091617A (ja) * | 2015-11-02 | 2017-05-25 | 旭化成株式会社 | カーボンフェルト、二次電池、及び、カーボンフェルトの製造方法 |
EP3439093B1 (de) | 2017-08-04 | 2020-01-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Redox-flow-batterie und verfahren zum betreiben einer redox-flow-batterie |
-
2017
- 2017-08-04 EP EP17275122.4A patent/EP3439093B1/de active Active
- 2017-08-04 ES ES17275122T patent/ES2781301T3/es active Active
- 2017-08-04 DK DK17275122.4T patent/DK3439093T3/da active
-
2018
- 2018-07-18 US US16/636,221 patent/US11424471B2/en active Active
- 2018-07-18 CN CN201880050194.2A patent/CN110998946A/zh active Pending
- 2018-07-18 WO PCT/EP2018/069538 patent/WO2019025190A1/de unknown
- 2018-07-18 JP JP2019565811A patent/JP2020523731A/ja active Pending
- 2018-07-18 EP EP18748872.1A patent/EP3625845A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US11424471B2 (en) | 2022-08-23 |
CN110998946A (zh) | 2020-04-10 |
ES2781301T3 (es) | 2020-09-01 |
US20200168938A1 (en) | 2020-05-28 |
EP3439093A1 (de) | 2019-02-06 |
JP2020523731A (ja) | 2020-08-06 |
EP3439093B1 (de) | 2020-01-15 |
DK3439093T3 (da) | 2020-04-14 |
WO2019025190A1 (de) | 2019-02-07 |
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