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EP2929963A1 - Procédé pour la fabrication de noyaux magnétiques par métallurgie des poudres - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication de noyaux magnétiques par métallurgie des poudres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2929963A1
EP2929963A1 EP13859820.6A EP13859820A EP2929963A1 EP 2929963 A1 EP2929963 A1 EP 2929963A1 EP 13859820 A EP13859820 A EP 13859820A EP 2929963 A1 EP2929963 A1 EP 2929963A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
powder
magnetic cores
metallurgical production
consolidation
amorphous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP13859820.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2929963A4 (fr
Inventor
Juan Manuel Montes Martos
Jesús CINTAS FÍSICO
Petr URBAN
Francisco GÓMEZ CUEVAS
Fatima TERNERO FERNÁNDEZ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidad de Sevilla
Universidad de Huelva
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Universidad de Sevilla
Universidad de Huelva
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Publication of EP2929963A1 publication Critical patent/EP2929963A1/fr
Publication of EP2929963A4 publication Critical patent/EP2929963A4/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/07—Metallic powder characterised by particles having a nanoscale microstructure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/002—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof amorphous or microcrystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15341—Preparation processes therefor
    • H01F1/1535—Preparation processes therefor by powder metallurgy, e.g. spark erosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/08—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from powder
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
    • H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
    • H01F41/0206—Manufacturing of magnetic cores by mechanical means
    • H01F41/0246—Manufacturing of magnetic circuits by moulding or by pressing powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/105—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding
    • B22F2003/1051—Sintering only by using electric current other than for infrared radiant energy, laser radiation or plasma ; by ultrasonic bonding by electric discharge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/041—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by mechanical alloying, e.g. blending, milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/042—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling using a particular milling fluid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
    • B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
    • B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
    • B22F2009/048—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by pulverising a quenched ribbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C2202/00—Physical properties
    • C22C2202/02—Magnetic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
    • C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
    • C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/153—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals
    • H01F1/15333—Amorphous metallic alloys, e.g. glassy metals containing nanocrystallites, e.g. obtained by annealing

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is an alternative method for producing cores made of a material which is: (1) completely amorphous, (2) has an amorphous matrix with nanocrystalline regions, or (3) completely nanocrystalline, which makes it possible to obtain blocks of material (not formed by a linking of ribbons) with the definitive, or almost definitive shape, replacing the melt-spinning technique with a powder metallurgy path consisting of amorphisation of the powder by means of a high energy grinding, and subsequent fast consolidation via the electrical path (FAST, Field Assisted Sintering Techniques).
  • This invention falls within the framework of the scientific-technical field of "materials technology” and more specifically, that of the manufacture, based on powder, of all types of different parts intended to fulfil the functions of a magnetic core.
  • the materials for the cores of transformers and electric motors are those used most widely by volume of raw material, and of most importance in terms of share of the global market. And within them, steel with silicon in the form of laminations is used in 90% of transformer cores, representing 60% of the total market volume of soft magnetic materials. [1,3].
  • iron the main base material in the production of cores for transformers and electric motors is iron, because of its intrinsically soft magnetic nature.
  • the introduction of other elements can improve its behaviour.
  • iron with 6.5% of silicon gives rise to a very reasonable behaviour: it maintains a high magnetic induction, while notably reducing magnetic anisotropy, through compensation of the magnetostriction constant and magnetocrystalline anisotropy (a material is softer the lower its magnetic anisotropy).
  • Additional improvements to this basic material can be achieved by means of a series of processes or thermomechanical treatments intended to induce determined textures which reduce hysteretic losses.
  • lamination processes are conducted, with the object of reducing losses at high frequencies [3,4].
  • the latest generation of soft materials include structurally amorphous and nanocrystalline alloys, which are really the softest existing materials.
  • structurally amorphous materials the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is practically zero.
  • grain limits the main obstacles which hinder the movement of the walls of magnetic domains. Due to the absence of grain limits, amorphous ferromagnetic materials present very narrow hysteresis cycles and very low energy products, which make them materials that are magnetically very soft [1, 2, 5].
  • nanocrystalline alloys these materials are made up of tiny grains, of a nanometric size, embedded in a matrix with an amorphous structure.
  • a compensation effect occurs of the magnetostriction constant between the two phases crystalline and amorphous (of opposite signs to each other) and, at the same time, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy is macroscopically averaged [1, 2, 5, 6].
  • the internal atomic disorder makes the electric resistivity of the material increase (approximately one order of magnitude higher than the conventional polycrystalline alloy of identical composition).
  • the high electric resistivity of amorphous and nanocrystalline allows is associated, moreover, to a reduction in the losses due to Foucault currents.
  • melt-spinning The usual technique for producing amorphous metal in relatively important quantities is known as melt-spinning [2, 5] and essentially involves making a metal solidify, from its liquid state, on a surface that is thermally highly conductive and normally kept at low temperature on a rotating wheel.
  • the result is that the material solidifies, but not with its atoms placed in a perfectly ordered arrangement (crystalline state), but rather in complete disorder (amorphous state).
  • it is often necessary to introduce into the alloy's composition a large quantity of non-metallic elements which diminish the tendency to crystallize. Unfortunately, said elements, in general harm the magnetic properties of the material.
  • the described process has the drawback that it only allows ribbons with an extremely fine thickness to be produced (the maximum thickness must be typically less than 0.1 mm, and the maximum width reached until now is approximately 25 cm). To form one piece it is necessary to stack and join many of these ribbons. Therefore, the challenge to obtain a block of amorphous material still remains. With this objective, several powder metallurgy techniques have been developed whose starting point must be the production of amorphous powder.
  • amorphous metal powders The production in large quantities of amorphous metal powders has been demonstrated by using variations of the fast cooling method in which the liquid is ground in the form of minute droplets which are cooled abruptly (by thermal conduction) in the centre of a fluid. Spray atomisation, high velocity gas jet atomisation and certain other methods have been used successfully for this purpose [5]. Only when the size of the droplets is below 50 ⁇ m, is it possible to reach the severe cooling rate required. For certain, a simple method for producing amorphous powder is to crush the amorphous ribbons obtained by melt-spinning. Several companies have used this method to produce commercial quantities of amorphous material in powder form.
  • amorphous cores for both electric motors, and transformers or polar parts
  • manufacture of amorphous cores is a complex task which until now has required the manufacture of the amorphous material in the form of very thin ribbons (by means of very severe cooling, melt spinning) and their subsequent stacking and/or folding to form the final piece.
  • the process can be costly, and the properties of the piece, are often impaired due to the fact of having too many edges.
  • the object of this patent is to show an alternative path for producing cores made of a material which is: (1) completely amorphous, (2) has an amorphous matrix with nanocrystalline regions, or (3) completely nanocrystalline, which allows blocks of material (not formed by linking ribbons) with the definitive, or almost definitive shape, replacing the melt-spinning technique with a powder metallurgy path involving amorphisation of the powder by means of mechanical grinding and subsequent fast consolidation through the electric path (FAST, Field Assisted Sintering Techniques ).
  • FAST Field Assisted Sintering Techniques
  • This combination moreover makes it possible to obtain massive pieces of amorphous (or partially nanocrystalline) material with the definitive or almost definitive shape, reducing the quantity of metalloids present in the alloy required to retain the amorphous nature at room temperature.
  • it is envisaged as ideal for the manufacture of small sized pieces, but nothing prevents it from the design of larger pieces through assembly of smaller attachable blocks.
  • the method of manufacture proposed by the present invention consists of a novel powder metallurgy path which consists of two steps: (i) a first step of amorphisation of the powder by means of high energy and long duration grinding and (ii) a second step of conformation of the piece by means of some modality of electrical consolidation of the amorphised powder, such as the one known as electrical resistance sintering ERS, or the so-called sintering by electrical discharge consolidation EDC, but not necessarily one of these.
  • the electrical consolidation requirement is due to the fact that the conventional powder metallurgy path of cold pressing plus sintering in an oven is not of any use in this case because during the sintering step, the high temperatures required and the time during which they are maintained, make the material devitrify, losing the amorphous nature achieved by means of the grinding.
  • the magnetic cores obtained by means of this procedure can be completely amorphous in nature, completely nanocrystalline or a combination of the above (nanocrystalline regions embedded in an amorphous matrix).
  • the technical problem resolved by the present invention is to produce amorphous cores in block (not made up of a linking of ribbons) making their production cost cheaper and, eventually improving certain properties.
  • the solution to this technical problem is to establish a powder metallurgy path involving the use of mechanical grinding as a form of amorphisation of the powder and electrical consolidation of the amorphised powder, which given its extraordinary fastness and nature, inhibits the material from devitrifying.
  • the proposed method represents a simplification of the production process and entails a reduction in costs.
  • a possible variant of the proposed method instead of non-amorphous powders, would use as the starting material, ribbons previously amorphised by any conventional method of amorphisation (for example, melt spinning ). In this case, the ribbons must be crushed by mechanical grinding of a short duration, prior to their electrical consolidation.
  • the possible uses of the invention are very varied, including the manufacture of all types of cores made of amorphous material intended for applications in transformers and electric motors, as well as in other soft polar pieces.
  • the possible restriction to small pieces can be overcome by assembling smaller attachable pieces, manufactured via the path proposed herein.
  • the method for the powder metallurgical production of magnetic cores, forming the object of the present invention is characterised in that it comprises (i) a first step of amorphisation of a mixture of magnetically soft powders by mechanical grinding; and (ii) a second step of electrical consolidation of the powder amorphised in the first step.
  • FIG. 1 shows a type of ball mill in which the high energy mechanical grinding is carried out, although the high energy mill does not need to be this one necessarily.
  • This process has the advantage of obtaining true alloys in solid state, as an intimate combination takes place at the atomic level.
  • Fast electrical consolidation techniques not only make it possible to combine the steps of cold pressing and sintering in an oven into a single step, but also manage to reduce its duration, in such a way that the use of inert atmospheres becomes unnecessary (the time during which the powder is exposed to the high temperatures is too short for undesirable rusting reactions to occur), and the process can be carried out in air.
  • the reduction in time can be very considerable: whereas the entire process of cold pressing (in matrix or isostatic) and sintering in an oven can take approximately 30-60 minutes, electrical consolidation can take just a few seconds, or even less, depending on the specific modality employed.
  • ERS and EDC have characteristic durations in the region of one second ( ⁇ 0.1 - 50 s) and one millisecond ( ⁇ 0.1 - 100 ms), respectively, and also different electrical power sources: in ERS, a transformer which provides low voltage ( ⁇ 10 - 30 V) and high current ( ⁇ 5 - 20 kA), and in EDC, a capacitor bank, capable of supplying during its discharge medium voltages ( ⁇ 50 - 300 V) and high currents ( ⁇ 1 - 5 kA).
  • Cooling will be conducted through refrigeration, (for example, through a cooling liquid) that must be present in the banks of the machine in contact with the electrodes/punches.
  • a scheme of the electrical consolidation equipment, especially with regards to the details of the matrix (1) could be the one indicated in figure 2 (but not exclusively this one):
  • the matrix (1) is electrically insulating (for example, made of natural stone, refractory concrete, ceramic pipe and metal strapping, etc.).
  • the electrodes (2) will be made of some copper alloy with high conductivity (for example, Cu-Zr alloy). To achieve greater uniformity of the inner temperature, it may be interesting to interpose between the powder (3) and the electrode (2) a wafer (4) of a somewhat less conductive material, for example, a pseudo-alloy (heavy metal) of Cu-W, which will also provide resistance to electrical discharge machining.
  • a wafer (4) of a somewhat less conductive material for example, a pseudo-alloy (heavy metal) of Cu-W, which will also provide resistance to electrical discharge machining.
  • the source of power (5) may consist of a weld transformer (in the case of ERS) which provides currents in the range of 2 to 12 kA, whether at a network frequency (50 Hz) or even better, at greater frequencies, in the medium frequencies range ( ⁇ 1000 Hz).
  • a second possibility in the case of EDC would involve the use as a source of power of a capacitor bank, with a great capacity and voltages in the range of 50 to 500 V.
  • Another possibility is to operate with both types of sources, for example, in a sequential application of same: first capacitor discharge, and then intervention of the weld transformer. This last possibility could have the advantage of allowing larger sized pieces to be tackled, whose electrical resistance is too high to be produced solely using the ERS technique.
  • the mechanical device that exerts the pressure must be capable of supplying the force required to reach pressures in the region of 100 MPa.
  • a refrigerated bank is shown with a mobile upper part (6) and an inner fixed part (7).
  • the starting point is, for example, a mixture of powders of Fe and Ni in the atomic proportion, of 65% and 35%, respectively.
  • the mixture of powders is subjected to mechanical grinding in the high energy ball mill of the attritor type, such as the one shown in figure 1 , rotating at 500 rpm and cooled by water (20°C).
  • the high energy ball mill of the attritor type such as the one shown in figure 1
  • micro powder wax ethylene bis stearamide in a proportion of between 1.5% and 2% in weight.
  • the atmosphere in the grinding vessel will be of argon gas.
  • the duration of grinding is fixed between 30 and 40 hours.
  • the electrical consolidation process by ERS is carried out in air, with nominal parameters of 80 MPa pressure, a current density of ⁇ 6.5 kA/cm 2 , and a cycle time of 70 cycles, 0.02 s each cycle.
  • the ERS can use medium frequency electrical current, of about 1000 Hz.).
  • the final density of the solid must be 90% or higher.
  • the solid is cooled in situ, through the effect of the electrodes which are cooled by water. Finally, the solid is extracted from the matrix. If the selected parameters have been appropriate for the mass and geometry of the solid, the latter will have retained the amorphous nature of the base powder, or at least, will consist of an amorphous matrix in the middle of which islands of nanocrystalline material may have emerged.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
EP13859820.6A 2012-12-05 2013-12-05 Procédé pour la fabrication de noyaux magnétiques par métallurgie des poudres Withdrawn EP2929963A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201201228A ES2473690B1 (es) 2012-12-05 2012-12-05 Método para la fabricación pulvimetalúrgica de núcleos magnéticos
PCT/ES2013/000270 WO2014087031A1 (fr) 2012-12-05 2013-12-05 Procédé pour la fabrication de noyaux magnétiques par métallurgie des poudres

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2929963A1 true EP2929963A1 (fr) 2015-10-14
EP2929963A4 EP2929963A4 (fr) 2016-09-07

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EP (1) EP2929963A4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2473690B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014087031A1 (fr)

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CN115036120A (zh) * 2022-08-11 2022-09-09 佛山市顺德区伊戈尔电力科技有限公司 一种灌沙石浇筑式移相变压器的制备方法

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