EP2846908A1 - Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von (meth)acrolein zu (meth)acrylsäure - Google Patents
Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von (meth)acrolein zu (meth)acrylsäureInfo
- Publication number
- EP2846908A1 EP2846908A1 EP13720891.4A EP13720891A EP2846908A1 EP 2846908 A1 EP2846908 A1 EP 2846908A1 EP 13720891 A EP13720891 A EP 13720891A EP 2846908 A1 EP2846908 A1 EP 2846908A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- multimetal oxide
- meth
- mol
- hydrothermal treatment
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/30—Tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/888—Tungsten
- B01J23/8885—Tungsten containing also molybdenum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
- B01J35/395—Thickness of the active catalytic layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/40—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by dimensions, e.g. grain size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0036—Grinding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0221—Coating of particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0221—Coating of particles
- B01J37/0223—Coating of particles by rotation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
- B01J37/033—Using Hydrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/04—Mixing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/06—Washing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G39/00—Compounds of molybdenum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G41/00—Compounds of tungsten
- C01G41/006—Compounds containing tungsten, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C51/23—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups
- C07C51/235—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of oxygen-containing groups to carboxyl groups of —CHO groups or primary alcohol groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C51/25—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C51/252—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring of propene, butenes, acrolein or methacrolein
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/15—X-ray diffraction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2235/00—Indexing scheme associated with group B01J35/00, related to the analysis techniques used to determine the catalysts form or properties
- B01J2235/30—Scanning electron microscopy; Transmission electron microscopy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/12—Surface area
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process of heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase partial oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid over a catalytically active multimetal oxide of general formula I, MOI 2 VaX 1 bX 2 cX 3 dX 4 eX 5 fX 6 gOn (I) in which the variables have the following meaning:
- X 1 W, Nb, Ta, Cr and / or Ce
- X 2 Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and / or Zn,
- X 3 Sb, Te and / or Bi
- X 4 one or more alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and / or Cs) and / or H,
- X 5 one or more alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and / or Ba),
- X 6 Si, Al, Ti and / or Zr
- n a number determined by the valency and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in I. (Meth) acrylic acid is used in this document as a shortened notation for "acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid”.
- acrolein is used in this document as a shortened notation for "acrolein and / or methacolein”.
- Acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are significant monomers, e.g. as such, find use in the form of their alkyl esters and / or in the form of their alkali metal salts for the preparation of polymers.
- this may be e.g. be used as an adhesive, or as Plexiglas®, or as a superabsorbent for water or aqueous solutions.
- the preparation of (meth) acrylic acid by heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase partial oxidation of (meth) acrolein is generally known (cf., for example, WO 2004/031 1114 A1, EP 714700 A2, DE 4431949 A1, DE 3030243 A1, DE 3030243 A1 and the literature cited in these publications) and in particular as the second oxidation stage in the production of (meth) acrylic acid by two-stage heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation starting from propene or isobutene of importance.
- sources starting compounds of the elemental constituents of the desired multimetal oxide active mass other than oxygen are used in the respective stoichiometric ratio desired in the multimetal oxide active mass, and from these produces a very intimate, preferably finely divided dry mixture, which is subsequently passed through thermal treatment is converted into an active oxide.
- the sources can either already be oxides, or those compounds which can be converted into oxides by heating, at least in the presence of oxygen.
- the intimate mixing of the starting compounds (sources) can be carried out in dry or wet form. If it is in dry form, the sources (starting compounds) are expediently used as finely divided powders and subjected to the thermal treatment after mixing (and optionally compacting for the purpose of powder coarsening). Preferably, however, the intimate mixing in the preparation processes of the prior art takes place in a wet, application-appropriate manner in an aqueous form.
- the starting compounds are mixed together in the form of a (for example aqueous) solution and / or suspension. Subsequently, the wet (e.g., aqueous) mass (solution or suspension) is dried and the resulting intimate dry mix (optionally after intermediate compaction for the purpose of powder coarsening) thermally treated.
- Particularly intimate dry mixtures are obtained in the described mixing process when starting exclusively from sources present in dissolved form (starting compounds).
- the drying process is preferably carried out by spray drying. It is characteristic of the prior art preparation method described that all the production steps (apart from the optional intermediate step of powder compaction for coarsening purposes) are carried out at atmospheric pressure.
- (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid on available as described multimetal oxide of the general formula I as catalytically active compositions is that both the selectivity of the target product formation (the (meth) acrylic acid formation) at a given conversion of (Meth) acroleins as well as adjusting itself at a given reaction temperature conversion of (meth) acrolein and thus the activity of the catalytically active mass can not fully satisfy.
- Both deficiencies are disadvantageous for a process of heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid in that they have a diminishing effect on the resulting yield of (meth) acrylic acid.
- Yield A (mol%) selectivity S (mol%) x conversion U (mol%) / 100 mol%).
- WO 2005/120702 A1 and EP 1407819 A2 relate to the hydrothermal preparation of multimetal oxide compositions which also have the elements Mo and V as the parent elements, but not the element W. A stammer extension is made in these writings primarily with the elements Nb and the elements Te and / or Sb.
- the use of such multimetal oxide compositions as catalytically active compositions is of paramount importance for a heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of, in particular, saturated hydrocarbons.
- An applicability of those mixed oxides as catalytically active compositions for a heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid is mentioned only casually in both documents.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide a process of heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid including the catalytically active multimetal oxide compositions required for this purpose, which has the described disadvantages of the corresponding processes of the prior art and of the has at most reduced amounts of active substances used in these processes.
- X 1 W, Nb, Ta, Cr and / or Ce
- X 2 Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and / or Zn
- X 3 Sb, Te and / or Bi
- X 4 one or more alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and / or Cs) and / or H,
- X 5 one or more alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and / or Ba),
- X 6 Si, Al, Ti and / or Zr
- n a number determined by the valence and abundance of the elements other than oxygen in I, characterized in that at least 50 mol% of the total molar amount of elements X 1 contained in the multimetal oxide composition (I) attributable to the element W, and - the preparation of the multimetal oxide (I) is carried out by a method in which a mixture of sources of elemental constituents of the multimetal (I) in the presence of water in a pressure vessel (as an aqueous mixture) of a hydrothermal Treatment, which separates the newly forming solid as a precursor composition and the precursor composition by thermal treatment in the catalytically active Muletetalloxidmasse (I) transferred.
- the stoichiometric coefficient b is 0.2 to 4 and particularly advantageously 0.2 to 3.
- the stoichiometric coefficient c is preferably from 0.5 to 18, more preferably from 0.5 to 10, and most preferably from 0.5 to 3.
- the stoichiometric coefficient a is advantageously from 1 to 5, and particularly preferably from 2 to 4.
- the stoichiometric coefficient d is preferably from 0 to 20, particularly preferably from 0 to 10, and most preferably from 0 to 2.
- the stoichiometric coefficient e and the stoichiometric coefficient f are (independently of each other) advantageous 0 to 2.
- the stoichiometric coefficient g is advantageously 0 to 15 and particularly advantageously 0 to 8.
- X 1 is advantageously W, Nb and / or Cr, and particularly advantageously W and Nb, or (only) W.
- X 2 advantageously means Cu, Ni, Co and / or Fe, and particularly advantageously Cu and / or Ni, or (only) Cu,
- X 3 advantageously means Sb
- X 4 means according to the invention advantageously Na, K and / or H,
- X 5 is according to the invention preferably Ca, Sr and / or Ba,
- X 6 preferably Si, Al and / or Ti, and particularly preferably Si and / or Al.
- multimetal oxide materials (I) inter alia those are preferred in which the variables have the following meaning:
- X 1 W, Nb and / or Cr
- X 2 Cu, Ni, Co and / or Fe; preferably at least 50 mol%, more preferably at least 70 mol%, and more preferably at least 90 mol% or 100 mol% of the total amount of elements X 2 contained is attributable to the element Cu,
- X 4 Na, K and / or H
- X 5 Ca, Sr and / or Ba
- X 6 Si, Al and / or Ti
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula I.
- a group of multimetal oxide materials (I) which is preferred according to the invention satisfies the general stoichiometry II, MOl 2 V a X bX 2 cX 4 eX 5 fX 6 gOn (II) in which the variables have the following meanings:
- X 2 Cu and / or Ni; preferably at least 50 mol%, more preferably at least 70 mol%, and more preferably at least 90 mol% or 100 mol% of the total molar amount of elements X 2 contained is attributable to the element Cu,
- X 5 Ca and / or Sr
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula II.
- multimetal oxide materials (I) satisfies the general stoichiometry III, MOl2V a WbCUcX 4 Ex 5 f X 6 gon (III), in which the variables have the following meanings:
- X 4 one or more alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and / or Cs) and / or H,
- X 5 one or more alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and / or Ba),
- X 6 one or more elements from the group Si, Al, Ti and Zr,
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula III (or in other words: the stoichiometric coefficient of the element oxygen, which is determined by the stoichiometric coefficients of the elements other than oxygen and whose charge number is determined in the general formula III).
- the stoichiometric coefficient b in the general formula III is preferably 0.5 to 2 and particularly preferably 0.75 to 1.5.
- the stoichiometric coefficient a in the general formula III is preferably from 2.5 to 3.5.
- the stoichiometric coefficient c in the general formula III is preferably 1 to 1.5.
- Elements X 4 , X 5 and X 6 need not necessarily be part of the catalytically active multimetal oxide compositions of general formula I (or general formula II or general formula III).
- elements X 6 essentially act as inert diluents. By incorporating them into the catalytically active multimetal oxide active compounds of the general formula I, the volume-specific activity thereof can be adjusted to the desired level.
- the stoichiometric coefficient of X 6 in the catalytically active multimetal oxide compositions of the general formula I (or general formula II or general formula III) is often 0 to 15 or 0 to 8.
- the catalytically active multimetal oxide compositions to be used according to the invention are generally of the general type Formula I (or general formula II or general formula III) no element X 6 .
- This statement applies in a similar way also to the elemental constituents X 4 and X 5 , which have a moderating influence on the catalytic activity.
- the sum of the stoichiometric coefficients e and f in the catalytically active multimetal oxide compositions of the general formula I (or general formula II or general formula III) to be used according to the invention will be 0 to 2, or 0 to 1, or 0 to 0.2.
- at least 50 mol% of the total molar amount of each contained in it of elements X 1 must account for the element W also in a multimetal oxide (II) or (III).
- At least 60 mol%, particularly preferably at least 70 mol%, very particularly preferably at least 80 mol%, or at least 90 mol%, and most preferably at least, are also eliminated in a multimetal oxide composition (II) or (III) 95 mol% or 100 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 1 contained in the multimetal oxide composition (II) or (III) on the element W.
- hydrothermal preparation of multimetal oxide precursor compositions is familiar to the person skilled in the art (cf., for example, Applied Catalysis A: 194 to 195 (2000), pages 479 to 485; Kinetics and Catalysis, Vol.40, No.3, 1999, pages 401 to 404; Chem. Commun., 1999, pages 517-518; JP-A
- autoclave overpressure vessel
- a possible representative working pressure (or water vapor pressure) are called 2.5 MPa.
- temperatures above 600 ° C. and working pressures (or water vapor pressures) above 50 MPa which, however, is less expedient in terms of application technology.
- the gas atmosphere in the autoclave during the hydrothermal treatment to at least 30 vol .-%, preferably at least 50 vol .-%, more preferably at least 75 vol .-% and most preferably at least 90 vol .-%, or at least 95% by volume, or at least 99% by volume or exclusively from water vapor.
- Inert gases such as molecular nitrogen and noble gases (e.g., Ar, He).
- molecular oxygen may also be part of the aforementioned gas atmosphere.
- gaseous decomposition products such as e.g. Ammonia which may form as part of the thermal decomposition of corresponding co-used (e.g., comprising ammonium ion) sources of the desired multimetal oxide composition I (or II or III).
- the hydrothermal treatment according to the invention takes place under such conditions, under which water vapor and liquid water (in the autoclave, in the pressure vessel) coexist. This is possible in the temperature range of> 100 ° C to 374.15 ° C (critical temperature of the water) using the appropriate pressures.
- the amounts of water are expediently dimensioned so that the liquid phase during the hydrothermal treatment is able to absorb the total amount of the starting compounds (sources) in suspension and / or solution (the latter being preferred to the suspension according to the invention) 25 ° C and 101, 3 kPa).
- the hydrothermal treatment is advantageously carried out at temperatures of> 100.degree. C. to 300.degree. C., preferably at temperatures of from 150.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. and more preferably at from 160.degree. C. to 190.degree. C. (eg at 175.degree. C.). ,
- the proportion by weight of the total amount of the latter in the autoclave according to the invention is generally at least 1 wt .-%.
- the aforementioned proportion by weight is not above 90% by weight.
- Typical are corresponding proportions by weight of 3 to 60 wt .-%, or from 5 to 30 wt .-%, often from 5 to 15 wt .-%.
- one of the sources used (starting compounds) is e.g. Water of hydration, so this is not attributed to the proportion by weight of the sources, but the proportion by weight of water. That is, the above weight percentage of the total amount of starting autoclaves (sources) is calculated to be "anhydrous".
- the aqueous mixture to be hydrothermally treated in the autoclave may also contain adjuvants such as e.g. Adjusting agent for adjusting their pH included.
- the pH of the hydrothermally treated aqueous mixture (before the start of the hydrothermal treatment) according to the invention advantageously at values ⁇ 7, particularly advantageous Values ⁇ 6 or ⁇ 5, and very particularly advantageous for values ⁇ 4 or ⁇ 3.
- the aforementioned pH value is> 0.
- the above-mentioned pH is> 1 and ⁇ 3, or > 1, 5 and ⁇ 2.5.
- Salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium formate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride or ammonium sulfate may also be part of the hydrothermally treated aqueous mixture.
- the ionic strength of the liquid aqueous medium can be influenced. Preferred are those mediators of the aforementioned ionic strength, which are decomposed under the action of elevated temperatures to gaseous compounds.
- the aqueous mixture present in the overpressure vessel can both be stirred and not stirred.
- the invention is preferably stirred.
- Suitable sources of the elemental constituents of the relevant multimetal oxide composition are in general those compounds which are already oxides and / or those compounds which can be converted into oxides by heating, at least in the presence of molecular oxygen.
- suitable starting compounds (sources) of the elemental constituents of the multimetal oxide composition (I) are all those which on heating under excess pressure with water are capable of forming oxides and / or hydroxides.
- oxides and / or hydroxides of the elemental constituents may also be used or used exclusively.
- Molybdenum oxides such as molybdenum trioxide
- molybdenum halides such as molybdenum chloride
- molybdate such as ammonium heptamolybdate (e.g., its tetrahydrate).
- Ammonium heptamolybdate and its hydrates are particularly preferred Mo sources according to the invention.
- Sources suitable for the element V according to the invention are e.g. Vanadyl acetylacetonate, vanadate such as ammonium metavanadate, vanadium oxides (vanadium oxides) such as vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), and vanadium halides and oxyhalides such as VOCl3.
- vanadyl acetylacetonate vanadate such as ammonium metavanadate
- vanadium oxides vanadium oxides
- V2O5 vanadium pentoxide
- VOCl3 vanadium halides and oxyhalides
- tungsten for example, oxides of tungsten such as W2O3, WO2 and WO3 can be used according to the invention.
- tungsten starting compounds according to the invention are tungsten (VI) chloride, tungsten carbide and tungsten (IV) sulfide.
- preferred W sources form for the hydrothermal preparation process according to the invention its tungstates or the acids derived therefrom.
- particularly preferred W sources form the ammonium paratungstate and the ammonium metavanadate and their hydrates.
- Suitable sources of the elemental constituent Cu are, for the purposes according to the invention, in particular copper (II) salts, such as copper (II) sulfate, copper (II) nitrate and copper (II) acetate, and hydrates thereof.
- copper (II) salts such as copper (II) sulfate, copper (II) nitrate and copper (II) acetate, and hydrates thereof.
- suitable sources for the element tellurium form tellurium oxides such as tellurium dioxide, metallic tellurium, tellurium halides such as TeC, but also telluric acids such as orthotelluric acid H 6 Te0 6th
- Advantageous antimony starting compounds are antimony halides such as SbC, antimony oxides such as antimony trioxide (Sb20s), antimony acids such as HSb (OH) 6, but also antimony oxide salts such as antimony oxide sulfate [(Sb0 2 ) S0 4 ].
- Niobium sources suitable according to the invention are e.g. Nioboxides such as niobium pentoxide (Nb20s), ni oboxidhalogenide such as NbOC, niobium halides such as NbCIs, but also complex compounds of niobium and organic carboxylic acids and / or dicarboxylic acids such. Oxalates and alcoholates.
- Nioboxides such as niobium pentoxide (Nb20s), ni oboxidhalogenide such as NbOC, niobium halides such as NbCIs, but also complex compounds of niobium and organic carboxylic acids and / or dicarboxylic acids such. Oxalates and alcoholates.
- starting compounds which are suitable according to the invention with regard to the relevant hydrothermal treatment are, in particular, halides, nitrates, formates, oxalates, acetates, carbonates and / or hydroxides.
- Starting compounds which are suitable according to the invention are also oxo compounds of these elemental constituents, e.g. their metalates or the acids derived therefrom, or ammonium salts derived from these acids.
- sources of elemental constituents there are also e.g. Mixed oxides (or other mixed salts), which contain more than one elemental constituent and optionally even obtained by a hydrothermal route.
- suitable sources are also multimetal oxides of the general stoichiometry I (or II or III) which have been produced in a manner known per se (ie, conventional) according to the known preparation processes of the prior art (eg as described in DE 102010023312 A1 and EP 714700 A2 and the prior art documents acknowledged in these two documents).
- the starting materials are the elemental constituents of the desired multimetal oxide active mass in the desired stoichiometric ratio desired in the multimetal oxide active mass, and from these produces a very intimate, preferably finely divided dry mixture, which subsequently is converted by non-hydrothermal thermal treatment in an active oxide.
- the sources can either already be oxides, or those compounds which can be converted into oxides by heating, at least in the presence of oxygen. It is also possible to use as source for the process according to the invention a conventionally produced multimetal oxide of general stoichiometry I (or II or III) which is already used to catalyze a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid and in long-term operation such has been deactivated (see WO 2005/047226 A1). In this case, the application of the method according to the invention usually causes a regeneration (reactivation) of the deactivated Multimtalloxidmasse. Of course, the same can also be applied as an active mass shell on the surface of an inert molded body (and together with this form a shell catalyst).
- the hydrothermal treatment according to the invention usually takes a period of a few minutes or hours to a few days to complete. Typical is a period of 0.5 h to 100 h, often from 5 h to 80 h or from 10 h to 50 h or from 20 h to 50 h.
- the autoclave Before the hydrothermal treatment according to the invention, the autoclave, optionally including the aqueous mixture contained, can be evacuated. Subsequently, it may be filled with inert gas (N 2, rare gas (e.g., Ar)) before the temperature is raised. Both measures can also be omitted (the latter is usually less advantageous, in particular for the long-term stability of the autoclave).
- inert gas N 2, rare gas (e.g., Ar)
- Both measures can also be omitted (the latter is usually less advantageous, in particular for the long-term stability of the autoclave).
- the aqueous mixture to be hydrothermally treated may additionally or alternatively be purged with inert gas prior to the start of the hydrothermal treatment.
- the aforementioned inert gases can also be suitably used in terms of application technology to set superatmospheric pressure in the autoclave prior to the start of the actual hydrothermal treatment.
- the autoclave may be quenched to room temperature (typically 25 ° C) or slowly, i.e., left for a prolonged period of time (e.g., by itself) to room temperature.
- room temperature typically 25 ° C
- slowly i.e., left for a prolonged period of time (e.g., by itself) to room temperature.
- the autoclave can be opened and the newly formed in the course of hydrothermal treatment solids are separated from the remainder of the pressure vessel.
- the separation can be carried out, for example, by filtration or another mechanical separation operation (for example centrifuging).
- the separated solid forms a precursor material of the desired catalytically active multimetal oxide I (or II or III). In favorable cases, even this precursor composition can develop the desired catalytic activity.
- the separated precursor composition is additionally thermally treated before it is used as catalytically active multimetal oxide composition I (or II or III) for a process of heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid.
- the weighing stoichiometry of the hydrothermally aqueous mixture of sources of the relevant elemental constituents to be treated according to the invention and the stoichiometry of the resulting precursor material need not necessarily correspond completely to one another. In general, however, they will be similar. The corresponding relationship between the two can each be determined in a few preliminary tests.
- the thermal treatment of the precursor composition can also be the heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid itself.
- the thermal treatment takes place as it were at the reaction temperature and under (standing or flowing) reaction gas mixture as a calcination atmosphere.
- the transition to the catalytically active multimetal oxide material takes place in this case, so to speak, as a formally protracted formatting.
- a conventionally produced multimetal oxide of general stoichiometry I (or II or III) is used as the source for the process according to the invention, it is generally sufficient to use a drying of the same as a thermal treatment of the precursor material obtained, the temperatures typically being in the range of 100 to 200 ° C or 100 to 150 ° C.
- the thermal treatment of the precursor composition takes place at temperatures which are above the temperatures which were used in the context of the hydrothermal treatment.
- the thermal treatment (calcination) of the precursor composition is suitably carried out according to the invention at a temperature of 300 to 700 ° C., frequently at a temperature of 350 to 650 ° C., or 400 to 600 ° C.
- the thermal treatment can be carried out both under vacuum and under a gaseous atmosphere. It can be carried out both under oxidizing, reducing and / or inert gas atmosphere.
- Suitable oxidizing gas atmosphere for the thermal treatment of the precursor material for example air, air enriched with molecular oxygen or air depleted in molecular oxygen (of course, any other mixture of molecular oxygen and an inert gas can also be used as the oxidizing gas atmosphere).
- the thermal treatment of the precursor composition according to the invention under an inert atmosphere ie, for example molecular nitrogen and / or noble gas.
- Inert means that the content of the gas atmosphere of O 2 and reducing constituents is in each case 3 3% by volume, better ⁇ 1% by volume, even better ⁇ 0.1% by volume and most preferably 0% by volume , If the thermal treatment of the precursor material under a gaseous atmosphere, this can both stand and flow.
- the thermal treatment of the precursor composition can take up to 24 hours or more. Frequently, the thermal treatment of the precursor composition extends for a period of 0.5 h to 10 h, or from 1 h to 5 h.
- Elevated temperatures are usually associated with shorter periods of thermal treatment and, at lower temperatures, longer periods of thermal treatment are typically employed.
- High temperatures and long treatment times generally reduce the specific surface area of the catalytically active multimetal oxide composition I (or II or III) resulting from the thermal treatment of the precursor composition.
- the separation of the precursor material after completion of the hydrothermal treatment of the corresponding aqueous mixture from the remaining contents of the pressure vessel may, in addition to, for example, a mechanical separation operation (eg filtration) also include a wash of the mechanically separated precursor composition with a (suitable) liquid. In the context of such a wash, remaining residual constituents remaining on the surfaces of the precursor composition and remaining adhering there (or adjusters used to adjust the pH) and / or by-products formed can advantageously be separated off according to the invention.
- washing liquids e.g. Water, organic acids or their aqueous solutions (eg, oxalic acid, formic acid, acetic acid and tartaric acid) and inorganic acids and their aqueous solutions (eg sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and / or telluric acid) but also alcohols, alcoholic solutions of the aforementioned acids or hydrogen peroxide and its aqueous solutions into consideration.
- organic acids or their aqueous solutions eg, oxalic acid, formic acid, acetic acid and tartaric acid
- inorganic acids and their aqueous solutions eg sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and / or telluric acid
- alcohols alcoholic solutions of the aforementioned acids or hydrogen peroxide and its aqueous solutions into consideration.
- a solution of oxalic acid in water is preferably used as the washing liquid.
- the washing is carried out at an elevated temperature (e.g., 70 to 80 ° C). For practical purposes, washing with water is recommended.
- the washing may be followed by the thermal treatment of the precursor material to be carried out as already described, after the washing liquid has been separated off.
- the thermal treatment of the precursor composition is also initially carried out under oxidizing (molecular oxygen-containing) Atmosphere (eg under air) can be started and then continued under an inert gas atmosphere (or vice versa) etc ..
- the precursor material can also be comminuted into powder or chippings in advance of its thermal treatment.
- the catalytically active multimetal oxide compositions I (or II or III) obtainable according to the invention can be shaped as such (for example into powder or chippings) or shaped into shaped bodies as catalytic active masses for the heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid be used.
- the catalyst bed may be a fixed bed, a moving bed or a fluidized bed.
- the shaping may be e.g. by extruding or tabletting and, in the case of coated catalysts, by application to a carrier body, as described in DE 101 18814 A1, or PCT / EP / 02/04073, or DE 10051419 A1, or DE
- the carrier bodies to be used in the case of shell catalysts for the multimetal oxide compositions I (or II or III) obtainable according to the invention are preferably chemically inert. That is, they do not substantially interfere with the course of heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid.
- aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, silicates such as clay, kaolin, steatite (preferably steatite from CeramTec (DE) of type C-220, or preferably with low water-soluble alkali content), pumice, are used as the material for the carrier bodies. Aluminiumsil- icat, magnesium silicate, silicon carbide and zirconium dioxide into consideration.
- the surface of the carrier body can be both smooth and rough.
- the surface of the support body is rough, since an increased surface roughness usually requires an increased adhesive strength of the applied active mass shell.
- Carrier bodies having a clearly defined surface roughness are in particular carrier bodies which have a chip deposit on their surface.
- the surface roughness R z of the carrier body in the range of 30 to 100 ⁇ , more preferably in the range of 50 to 70 ⁇ (determined according to DIN 4768 sheet 1 with a "Hommel tester for DIN ISO surface size measurements" Fa. Hommelwerke).
- the carrier materials can be porous or nonporous, preferably the carrier material is non-porous (the total volume of the pores is based on the volume of the carrier body advantageously ⁇ 1 vol .-%).
- the carrier bodies can be regularly or irregularly shaped, with regularly shaped carrier bodies being preferred.
- the longitudinal extent of the carrier body is normally in the range of 1 to 10 mm (the longest extent is the longest direct connecting straight line of two points located on the surface of a carrier body).
- spheres or cylinders are preferably used as carrier bodies.
- Favorable diameters for carrier balls are 1 to 4 mm. If cylinders are used as carrier bodies, their length is preferably 2 to 10 mm and their outer diameter is preferably 4 to 10 mm.
- the wall thickness is usually 1 to 4 mm.
- suitable annular support body may also have a length of 3 to 6 mm, an outer diameter of 4 to 8 mm and a wall thickness of 1 to 2 mm.
- the thickness of the active multimetal oxide mass shell located on the surface of the carrier bodies of shell catalysts according to the invention is usually from 10 to 1000 ⁇ m. But it can also be 50 to 700 ⁇ , 100 to 600 ⁇ or 150 to 500 ⁇ . Possible shell thicknesses are also 10 to 500 ⁇ , 100 to 500 ⁇ or 150 to 300 ⁇ .
- coated catalysts according to the invention can be carried out in the simplest way by pretreating the desired multimetal oxide composition of the general formula I, converting it into a finely divided form and finally applying it to the surface of the carrier body with the aid of a liquid binder.
- the surface of the carrier body is suitably moistened in a controlled manner with the liquid binding agent (for example by spraying) and by bringing the thus moistened carrier body into contact with finely divided catalytically active multimetal oxide I (or II or III) obtained according to the invention the active composition attached to the moistened surface (eg, the moistened carrier body as described in EP 714700 A2 dust with active powder).
- the coated carrier body is dried and the adhesive liquid is at least partially removed (eg by passing hot gas, see WO 2006/094766).
- Controlled moistening means in this context that the carrier surface is expediently moistened in such a way that, although this liquid binder If the carrier surface is too moist, the finely divided catalytically active multimetallic oxide mass agglomerates to form separate agglomerates instead of being absorbed onto the surface, for details see DE 2909671 A1 and in DE 10051419 A1, it goes without saying that the process for achieving an increased layer thickness can be repeated periodically However, it is also possible to use all the other application methods acknowledged as prior art in EP 714700 A2 for the production of coated catalysts according to the invention.
- Liquid binder is, for example, water, an organic solvent or a solution of an organic substance (for example an organic solvent) in water or in an organic solvent
- Organic solvent for example an organic solvent
- Polyfunctional organic alcohols such as ethylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol or glycerol, mono- or polyhydric organic carboxylic acids such as propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid or maleic acid, amino alcohols such as ethanolamine or diethanolamine and mono- or polyhydric organic amides such as formamide.
- Monosaccharides and oligosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, sucrose and / or lactose are suitable as organic binder promoters which are soluble in water, in an organic liquid or in a mixture of water and an organic liquid.
- the liquid binder used is particularly advantageously a solution consisting of 20 to 90% by weight of water and 10 to 80% by weight of an organic compound.
- the organic fraction of the abovementioned liquid binders is preferably from 10 to 50 and more preferably from 20 to 30% by weight.
- Very particularly preferred liquid binders are solutions which consist of 20 to 90% by weight of water and 10 to 80% by weight of glycerol.
- the glycerol content in these aqueous solutions is from 10 to 50% by weight and more preferably from 20 to 30% by weight.
- inventively preferred binders is, inter alia, that they are able to wet both the finely divided active material (or the finely divided precursor composition) and the carrier body in a fully satisfactory manner.
- the fineness of the catalytically active multimetal oxide composition of general formula I (or II or III) or its precursor composition to be applied to the surface of the support body is, of course, adapted to the desired shell thickness.
- the shell thickness range of 100 to 500 ⁇ are suitable, for. those active powder masses of which at least 50% of the total number of powder particles have a mesh size of 1 to 20 ⁇ m or alternatively 1 to 10 ⁇ m and whose numerical proportion of particles with a longitudinal expansion above 50 ⁇ m is less than 10%.
- shell-type catalysts according to the invention will preferably be produced according to the method of preparation described and exemplified in EP 714700 A2.
- a aqueous solution of 75 wt .-% water and 25 wt .-% glycerol is the preferred binder.
- the process of the thermal treatment of the precursor composition is advantageously carried out according to the invention in accordance with the procedure described and exemplified in DE 10360057 A1.
- WO 2008/214863 A1 can instead of solely finely divided multimetallic oxide I (or II or III) advantageously a finely divided mixture thereof with a finely divided substance S from the group consisting of oxides of molybdenum and of compounds of molybdenum, from which forms an oxide of molybdenum under the action of elevated temperature and molecular oxygen, are applied to the surface of the carrier body.
- multimetal oxide compositions of the general formula I (or II or III) prepared according to the invention are characterized by an increased specific surface area O (BET surface area, molecular nitrogen).
- O In general, 0 ⁇ 15 m 2 / g or> 20 m 2 / g, often O is> 25 m 2 / g, or> 30 m 2 / g. Normally, O will not exceed 150 m 2 / g. In some cases, the values obtained for O are ⁇ 100 m 2 / g, or ⁇ 60 m 2 / g or ⁇ 50 m 2 / g or ⁇ 40 m 2 / g.
- the catalytically active multimetal oxide compositions of the general formula I (or II or III) obtainable according to the invention and catalysts (equipped) or catalysts formed therefrom are particularly suitable as catalysts for a process of heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of (meth) acrolein (Meth) acrylic acid and particularly preferred for a process of heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid. They are characterized in particular by the fact that a catalyst bed charged with them has a long service life when the partial oxidation is carried out, during which the target product formation proceeds with high selectivity at high activity.
- the heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation can be carried out in a manner known per se. That is, a reaction gas mixture containing the (meth) acrolein, molecular oxygen and at least one inert diluent gas is passed through a catalyst bed at elevated temperature, whose catalysts have at least one multimetallic oxide composition of the general formula I (or II or III) as the active composition. and during the residence time of the (meth) acrolein in the catalyst bed, the reaction of the same to
- the preferred catalyst bed is a fixed catalyst bed.
- a fluidized bed or a fluidized bed are also suitable for the process according to the invention.
- water vapor as a constituent of the reaction gas mixture, leads to an improvement in selectivity and activity.
- inert diluent gases having increased molar specific heat such as e.g. n-propane or CO2 advantageous.
- Heat exchange reactors are particularly suitable for carrying out the gas phase partial oxidation of the (meth) acrolein.
- a heat exchanger reactor has at least one primary chamber and at least one secondary chamber, which are both separated from one another by a partition wall.
- the catalyst charge is placed, which comprises at least one multimetal oxide of general formula I (or II or III) and is flowed through by a (meth) acrolein-containing reaction gas mixture.
- the secondary space is flowed through by a fluid heat transfer medium and heat exchange takes place between the two spaces through the dividing wall, the purpose of which is to control and control the temperature of the reaction gas mixture on its way through the catalyst bed.
- the gas phase partial oxidation of the (meth) acrolein is carried out in a tube bundle (heat exchanger) reactor having one or more temperature zones, as eg EP 700714 A1, EP 700893 A1, DE 19910508 A1, DE 19948523 A1, DE 19910506 A1, DE 19948241 A1, DE 2830765 A1, DE 2513405 A1, US 3147084 A, DE 2201528 A1, EP 383224 A2, JP 2007-260588 A and JP 58096041 A describe.
- a fixed catalyst bed is in the form of a corresponding bed of catalyst form bodies (optionally in admixture with diluting inert moldings) in the metal tubes (contact tubes) of the tube bundle reactor and around the metal tubes or the temperature media out (at more than one temperature zone a corresponding number of spatially substantially separated temperature media passed around the metal tubes).
- the temperature medium is usually a molten salt.
- the reaction gas mixture is passed through the contact tubes.
- the fixed catalyst bed may be e.g. also in the spaces between traversed by a heat transfer plate of a hot plate reactors, as e.g. DE 102004017150 A1, DE 19952964 A1 and DE 10361456 A1 recommend.
- the fixed catalyst bed can, as already stated, in general only be diluted from available catalysts according to the invention, but also from such catalysts with inert shaped bodies.
- inert shaped bodies e.g. the carrier shaped bodies (carrier bodies) used for the production of coated catalysts according to the invention are used.
- carrier bodies carrier bodies
- a pure Inertform manipulate sectionung can be located (such pure Inertform Sciences sectionungen are usually not included in the calculation of the load of the fixed catalyst bed with reaction gas or with a reaction gas component).
- Contact tubes used in a tube bundle reactor are usually made of ferritic steel and typically have a wall thickness of 1 to 3 mm. Their inner diameter is usually 20 to 30 mm, often 21 to 26 mm. Their length is appropriate 2 to 4 m.
- the number of catalyst tubes accommodated in the tube bundle container amounts to at least 5000, preferably to at least 10,000. Frequently, the number of catalyst tubes accommodated in the reactor container is 15,000 to 40,000. Tube bundle reactors having a number of contact tubes above 50,000 are more likely to form the Exception.
- the contact tubes are normally distributed homogeneously (preferably 6 equidistant adjacent tubes per contact tube), the distribution is suitably chosen so that the distance between the central inner axes of closest contact tubes (the so-called contact tube pitch) is 35 to 45 mm (see eg EP-B 468290 A1).
- melts of salts such as potassium nitrate, potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite and / or sodium nitrate, or low-melting metals such as sodium, mercury and alloys of various metals.
- (Meth) acroleinbelastung the catalyst charge is operated, which is 135 Nl / I h, or> 150 Nl / l h, or> 160 Nl / l h, or> 170 Nl / l h, or> 180 Nl / l h, or > 200 Nl / l h, or> 220 Nl / l h, or> 240 Nl / l h.
- such a catalyst charge is also at relatively low (eg ⁇ 130 Nl / l h, or ⁇ 100 Nl / l h, or ⁇ 80 Nl / l h, or ⁇ 60 Nl / l h).
- the (meth) acrolein loading of the catalyst charge will be ⁇ 350 Nl / l h, or ⁇ 300 Nl / l h, or ⁇ 250 Nl / l h (corresponding loads can also be realized in thermoplate reactors).
- load and "Nl” is used as defined in DE 19927624 A1.
- the volume-specific activity of the fixed catalyst bed is generally designed such that it increases in the flow direction of the reaction gas.
- the heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation with e.g. can be realized by making the degree of dilution of the fixed catalyst bed with inert moldings decreasing in the flow direction of the reaction gas.
- the heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation with e.g. can be carried out as described e.g. DE A 10350822 A1 executes.
- the (meth) acrolein content in the reaction gas input mixture may be e.g. at values of 3 or 6 to 15 vol.%, frequently at 4 or 6 to 10 vol.%, or 5 to 8 vol.% (in each case based on the total volume).
- the molar ratio of O 2: (meth) acrolein in the reaction gas input mixture will normally be ä 1. Usually, this ratio will be at values ⁇ 3.
- the heterogeneously catalyzed (meth) acroleinpartialoxidation to (meth) acrylic acid with a present in the reaction gas input mixture (meth) acrolein: oxygen: water: inert gas volume ratio (Nl) of 1: (1 to 3): (0 to 20 ): (3 to 30), preferably from 1: (1 to 3): (0.5 to 10): (7 to 10).
- inert diluent gases these are gases or mixtures of such gases
- the one-time passage of the reaction gas mixture through the catalyst bed eg fixed bed
- the catalyst bed eg fixed bed
- the one-time passage of the reaction gas mixture through the catalyst bed to at least 95 mol%, preferably at least 97 mol% or at least 99 mol%
- N2, CO2, CO, noble gases, propane, ethane, methane, butane and / or pentane ie, each as sole Diluent gas or in admixture with another or with several other of these inert diluent gases.
- reaction temperatures of such a heterogeneously catalyzed (meth) acroleinpartialoxidation are usually in the range of 200 to 400 ° C, usually from 220 to 380 ° C, often from 230 to 350 ° C, often from 245 to 285 ° C or 245 to 265 ° C.
- the working pressure is normally 101, 3 to 350 kPa.
- the (meth) acrolein conversion based on a single pass of the reaction gas mixture through the e.g. Fixed catalyst bed, is usually ä 90 mol%, or> 96 mol%, often> 98 mol%, and often> 99 mol%.
- the (meth) acrolein-containing product gas mixture of a heterogeneously catalyzed partial oxidation of C3 - / C 4 - precursor compound eg propene or isobutene
- the (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrolein can be used without that from such a product gas mixture, the (meth) acrolein must be separated in advance.
- the selectivity S of (meth) acrylic acid formation (mol%) is understood in this document to mean:
- the separation of the (meth) acrylic acid from the product gas mixture of the partial oxidation can be effected in a manner known per se, for example, by first converting the (meth) acrylic acid into the condensed phase by means of absorptive and / or condensative measures. By subsequent thermal separation processes such as rectification and / or crystallization, isolated from the condensed phase (meth) acrylic acid in any purity (see, for example, DE 602004924 T2 and WO 2006/1 14428 A1 and the prior art cited in these documents).
- X 2 Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and / or Zn,
- X 3 Sb, Te and / or Bi
- X 4 one or more alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and / or Cs) and / or H,
- X 5 one or more alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and / or Ba),
- X 6 Si, Al, Ti and / or Zr
- n a number determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in I, characterized in that
- the multimetal oxide composition (I) is prepared by a process in which a mixture of sources of elemental constituents of the multimetal oxide composition (I) is subjected to a hydrothermal treatment in the presence of water in an overpressure vessel (as an aqueous mixture) separating the forming solid as precursor composition and converting the precursor composition into the catalytically active multimetal oxide composition (I) by thermal treatment.
- a hydrothermal treatment in the presence of water in an overpressure vessel (as an aqueous mixture) separating the forming solid as precursor composition and converting the precursor composition into the catalytically active multimetal oxide composition (I) by thermal treatment.
- X 1 W, Nb and / or Cr
- X 2 Cu, Ni, Co and / or Fe
- X 4 Na, K and / or H
- X 5 Ca, Sr and / or Ba
- X 6 Si, Al and / or Ti
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula I.
- Method according to embodiment 31 characterized in that at least 50 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 present in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is accounted for by the element Cu.
- X 5 Ca and / or Sr
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula II.
- Method according to embodiment 36 characterized in that 100 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 present in the multimetal oxide composition is accounted for by the element Cu. 41.
- X 4 one or more alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and / or Cs) and / or H
- X 5 one or more alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and / or Ba)
- X 6 one or more elements from the group Si, Al, Ti and Zr,
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula III. 42.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 50 characterized in that the hydrothermally treated aqueous mixture is a suspension.
- Process based on the amount of water and sources of the elemental constituents present during the hydrothermal treatment in the pressure vessel, the proportion by weight of the total amount of the sources is at least 1% by weight.
- Process based on the amount of water and sources of the elemental constituents present in the pressure vessel during the hydrothermal treatment, the proportion by weight of the total amount of the sources is not more than 90% by weight.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 54 characterized in that, based on the amount of water and sources of the elemental constituents present in the pressure vessel during the hydrothermal treatment, the proportion by weight of the total amount of the sources is 3 to 60% by weight.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 55 characterized in that, based on the amount of water and sources of the elemental constituents present in the pressure vessel during the hydrothermal treatment, the proportion by weight of the total amount of the sources is 5 to 30% by weight.
- Process according to one of the embodiments 1 to 56, characterized in that, based on the amount of water and sources of the elemental constituents present in the overpressure vessel during the hydrothermal treatment, the proportion by weight of the total amount of the sources is 5 to 15% by weight. 58.
- the method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 57 characterized in that the aqueous mixture subjected to the hydrothermal treatment at 25 ° C and 103.1 kPa has a pH ⁇ 6.
- Process according to embodiment 70 characterized in that at least one source of the elemental constituent vanadium is the vanadyl sulfate and / or a hydrate of this compound.
- washing liquid is an aqueous solution of oxalic acid.
- Method according to one of embodiments 1 to 80 characterized in that the thermal treatment of the precursor material takes place under a molecular oxygen-containing gas atmosphere.
- catalytically active multimetal oxide is the active composition of a shell catalyst, in which it is applied to the surface of a carrier body.
- Method according to embodiment 88 or 89 characterized in that the carrier body is a ring whose length is 4 to 10 mm, whose outer diameter is 2 to 10 mm and whose wall thickness is 1 to 4 mm.
- the carrier body is a ring whose length is 3 to 6 mm, the outer diameter of 4 to 8 mm and the wall thickness of 1 to 2 mm.
- Method according to one of embodiments 87 to 93 characterized in that the active multimetal oxide composition in the shell catalyst is an active mass shell of the thickness 50 to 700 forms.
- Method according to one of embodiments 87 to 94 characterized in that the active multimetal oxide composition in the shell catalyst is an active mass shell of thickness 100 to 600 forms.
- the active multimetal oxide composition in the coated catalyst is an active material shell of thickness 150 to 300 forms.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 97 characterized in that the specific surface area of the active multimetal oxide mass is 15 m 2 / g. 99.
- Method according to one of embodiments 1 to 97 characterized in that the specific surface area of the active multimetal oxide composition is 20 m 2 / g. 100.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 97 characterized in that the specific surface area of the active multimetal oxide mass is 30 m 2 / g.
- Range 230 to 350 ° C is located.
- Reaction gas mixture contained (meth) acrolein is 1 to 3.
- X 1 W, Nb, Ta, Cr and / or Ce
- X 2 Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and / or Zn,
- X 3 Sb, Te and / or Bi
- X 4 one or more alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and / or Cs) and / or H
- X 5 one or more alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and / or Ba)
- X 6 Si, Al, Ti and / or Zr
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in I, where
- the multimetal oxide composition (I) is obtainable by a process in which a mixture of sources of the elemental constituents of the multimetal oxide composition (I) is subjected to a hydrothermal treatment in the presence of water in an overpressure vessel (as an aqueous mixture) separating solid forming material as a precursor material and the precursor composition is converted by thermal treatment in the Multimetalloxidmasse (I).
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 1 characterized in that at least 60 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 1 contained in the multimetal oxide composition (I) attributable to the element W. 120. Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 1 18, characterized in that at least 70 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 1 present in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is attributable to the element W.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 1 18 characterized in that at least 80 mol% of the total molar amount of elements X 1 contained in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is accounted for by the element W.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 129, characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient a is 1 to 5.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 130 characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient a is 2 to 4.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 131 characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient d is 0 to 20.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 132 characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient d is 0 to 10.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 133, characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient d is 0 to 2.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 134 characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient e is 0 to 2.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 136, characterized in that X 1 W.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 143, characterized in that X 4 Na, K and / or H.
- X 2 Cu, Ni, Co and / or Fe
- X 3 Sb
- X 4 Na, K and / or H
- X 5 Ca, Sr and / or Ba
- X 6 Si, Al and / or Ti
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula I.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 148 characterized in that at least 50 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 present in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is accounted for by the element Cu.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 148 characterized in that at least 70 mol% of the total molar amount of elements X 2 present in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is accounted for by the element Cu.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 148 characterized in that at least 90 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 contained in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is accounted for by the element Cu.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 148 characterized in that 100 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 present in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is accounted for by the element Cu.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 124 characterized in that the catalytically active multimetal oxide composition of general stoichiometry II,
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula II.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 153 characterized in that at least 50 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 present in the multimetal oxide composition is accounted for by the element Cu.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 153 characterized in that at least 70 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 contained in the multimetal oxide composition is accounted for by the element Cu.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 153 characterized in that at least 90 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 present in the multimetal oxide composition is accounted for by the element Cu.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 153 characterized in that 100 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 present in the multimetal oxide composition is accounted for by the element Cu.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 124, characterized in that the catalytically active multimetal oxide composition of the general stoichiometry III, MOl2V a WbCUcX 4 eX 5 fX 6 gOn (III), is sufficient, in which the variables have the following meaning:
- X 4 one or more alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and / or Cs) and / or H
- X 5 one or more alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and / or Ba)
- X 6 one or more elements from the group Si, Al, Ti and Zr,
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 158 characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient b is 0.5 to 2.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 158 or 159 characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient a is 2.5 to 3.5. 161.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 165 characterized in that the hydrothermal treatment at a working pressure> 200 kPa and ⁇ 25
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 166 characterized in that during the hydrothermal treatment water vapor and liquid water coexist.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 167 characterized in that the hydrothermally treated aqueous mixture is a suspension.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 167 characterized in that the hydrothermally treated aqueous mixture is a solution.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 169 characterized in that, based on the amount of water and sources of elemental constituents present during the hydrothermal treatment in the pressure vessel, the proportion by weight of the total amount of sources is at least 1 wt .-%.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 170 characterized in that, based on the amount of water and sources of elemental constituents present during the hydrothermal treatment in the pressure vessel, the proportion by weight of the total amount of the sources is not more than 90% by weight.
- Multimetal oxide according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 172 characterized in that, based on the located during the hydrothermal treatment in the pressure vessel amount of water and sources of elemental constituents, the proportion by weight of the total amount of sources is 5 to 30 wt .-% ,
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 174 characterized in that the hydrothermal treatment subjected aqueous mixture at 25 ° C and 103.1 kPa has a pH ⁇ 7.
- Multimetal oxide according to any of embodiments 1 18 to 174 characterized in that the hydrothermal treatment subjected aqueous mixture at 25 ° C and 103.1 kPa has a pH ⁇ 4.
- Multimetal oxide according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 174 characterized in that the hydrothermal treatment subjected aqueous mixture at 25 ° C and 103.1 kPa has a pH ⁇ 3.
- Multimetal oxide according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 179 characterized in that the hydrothermal treatment subjected aqueous mixture at 25 ° C and 103.1 kPa has a pH> 0.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 180, characterized in that the aqueous mixture subjected to the hydrothermal treatment
- 25 ° C and 103.1 kPa has a pH> 1 and ⁇ 3.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 183 characterized in that the aqueous mixture subjected to the hydrothermal treatment is stirred during the hydrothermal treatment.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 184 characterized in that at least one source of the elemental constituent Mo is ammonium heptamolybdate and / or a hydrate of this compound.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 185, characterized in that at least one source of the elemental constituent W is ammoniumparatolframate, ammonium metatungstate and / or a hydrate of these compounds.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 186, characterized in that at least one source of the elemental constituent vanadium contains the vanadin in the oxidation state +4.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to embodiment 187 characterized in that at least one source of the elemental constituent vanadium is the vanadyl sulfate and / or a hydrate of this compound.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 188 characterized in that at least one source of the elemental constituent Cu copper (II) sulfate, copper (II) nitrate, copper (II) acetate and / or a hydrate of these compounds.
- Multimetal oxide according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 189 characterized in that the hydrothermal treatment takes 0.5 h to 100 h.
- Multimetal oxide according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 190 characterized in that the hydrothermal treatment takes 5 h to 80 h.
- Multimetal oxide according to any of embodiments 1 18 to 191 characterized in that the hydrothermal treatment takes place in the absence or in the presence of molecular oxygen.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 192 characterized in that the separation of the newly formed in the hydrothermal treatment solid as precursor material at least one mechanical separation of this solid and at least one wash of the mechanically separated solid with at least one washing liquid from the group consisting of organic acids, inorganic acids, and aqueous solutions of said acids.
- Multimetal oxide according to embodiment 193 characterized in that the washing liquid is an aqueous solution of oxalic acid.
- Multimetal oxide according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 195 characterized in that the temperature during the thermal treatment of the precursor composition is 350 to 650 ° C.
- Multimetal oxide according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 196 characterized in that the temperature during the thermal treatment of the precursor composition is 400 to 600 ° C.
- Multimetal oxide according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 197 characterized in that the thermal treatment of the precursor material takes place under a molecular oxygen-containing gas atmosphere.
- Multimetal oxide according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 197 characterized in that the thermal treatment of the precursor composition is carried out under vacuum or under a gas atmosphere containing no molecular oxygen.
- Multimetal oxide according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 197 characterized in that the thermal treatment of the precursor material takes place under a reducing gas atmosphere.
- Multimetal oxide according to one of the embodiments 198 to 200, characterized in that the thermal treatment of the precursor material takes place under a gas atmosphere containing molecular nitrogen and / or noble gas.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 197, characterized in that the thermal treatment of the precursor composition takes place under a gas atmosphere whose content of molecular oxygen and reducing constituents is in each case 3% by volume.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 202 characterized in that the specific surface area of the multimetal oxide composition is 15 m 2 / g.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 202 characterized in that the specific surface area of the multimetal oxide composition is 20 m 2 / g.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 202 characterized in that the specific surface area of the multimetal oxide composition is 25 m 2 / g.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 202 characterized in that the specific surface area of the multimetal oxide composition is 30 m 2 / g. 207.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 206 characterized in that the specific surface area of the multimetal oxide composition is 150 150 m 2 / g.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 207 characterized in that the specific surface area of the multimetal oxide composition is 60 60 m 2 / g.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 208 characterized in that the specific surface area of the multimetal oxide composition is 40 40 m 2 / g.
- Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 209 characterized in that it has a partially crystalline structure.
- 21 1. Multimetal oxide according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 210, characterized in that in the pressure vessel during the hydrothermal treatment, a gas phase is present, the water vapor content is at least 30 vol .-%.
- 212 Multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 210, characterized in that in the pressure vessel during the hydrothermal treatment, a gas phase is present, the water vapor content is at least 50 vol .-%.
- the multimetal oxide composition according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 210 characterized in that in the overpressure vessel during the hydrothermal treatment there is a gas phase whose water vapor content is at least 90% by volume.
- Multimetal oxide according to one of the embodiments 1 18 to 210 characterized in that in the overpressure vessel during the hydrothermal treatment ne ne gas phase is present, the water vapor content is at least 95 vol .-%.
- a multimetal oxide according to any one of embodiments 1 18 to 214 as a catalytic active composition for carrying out a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid.
- shell catalyst which consists of a carrier body and a catalyst applied to the surface of the supportive active material and optionally binder for applying the active composition to the surface of the carrier body, characterized in that the catalytic active composition is a Multimetalloxidmasse according to any of embodiments 1 18 to 214 ,
- a coated catalyst according to embodiment 216 characterized in that the multimetal oxide material in the shell catalyst is applied to a spherical or annular carrier body.
- coated catalyst according to embodiment 216 or 217 characterized in that the multimetal oxide is applied to the carrier body with a solution of 20 to 90 wt .-% water and 10 to 80 wt .-% glycerol as a binder. 219.
- shell catalyst according to one of the embodiments 216 to 219 characterized in that the carrier body is a ring whose length is 4 to 10 mm, the outer diameter of 2 to 10 mm and the wall thickness of 1 to 4 mm. 221.
- a coated catalyst according to embodiment 216 or 219 characterized in that the carrier body is a ring whose length is 3 to 6 mm, whose outer diameter is 4 to 8 mm and whose wall thickness is 1 to 2 mm.
- Shell catalyst according to one of embodiments 216 to 222 characterized in that the multimetal oxide composition in the shell catalyst forms an active mass shell of thickness 50 to 700 ⁇ m.
- Shell catalyst according to one of embodiments 216 to 224 characterized in that the multimetal oxide composition in the shell catalyst forms an active mass shell of thickness 100 to 500 ⁇ m.
- Shell catalyst according to one of embodiments 216 to 225 characterized in that the active multimetal oxide composition in the shell catalyst forms an active mass shell of thickness 150 to 300 ⁇ m.
- X 2 Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn and / or Zn,
- X 3 Sb, Te and / or Bi
- X 4 one or more alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and / or Cs) and / or H,
- X 5 one or more alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and / or Ba),
- X 6 Si, Al, Ti and / or Zr
- the method according to embodiment 227 characterized in that at least 60 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 1 contained in the IVlultimetalloxidmasse (I) attributable to the element W.
- Method according to embodiment 227 characterized in that at least 70 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 1 contained in the molar mass of lithium (I) is accounted for by the element W.
- Process according to embodiment 227 characterized in that at least 90 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 1 contained in the molar mass of lithium (I) is accounted for by the element W.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 227 to 240 characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient d is 0 to 20.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 227 to 240 characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient d is 0 to 10.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 227 to 240 characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient d is 0 to 2.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 227 to 240 characterized in that the stoichiometric coefficient e is 0 to 2. 245.
- X 1 W, Nb and / or Cr
- X 2 Cu, Ni, Co and / or Fe
- X 4 Na, K and / or H
- X 5 Ca, Sr and / or Ba
- X 6 Si, Al and / or Ti
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula I.
- Process according to embodiment 257 characterized in that at least 50 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 present in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is accounted for by the element Cu. 259. Process according to embodiment 257, characterized in that at least 70 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 contained in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is accounted for by the element Cu.
- Method according to embodiment 257 characterized in that at least 90 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 contained in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is accounted for by the element Cu.
- Process according to embodiment 257 characterized in that 100 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 contained in the multimetal oxide composition (I) is accounted for by the element Cu.
- X 5 Ca and / or Sr
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula II. 263.
- Method according to embodiment 262 characterized in that at least 90 mol% of the total molar amount of elements contained in the multimetal oxide composition
- Method according to embodiment 262 characterized in that 100 mol% of the molar total amount of elements X 2 contained in the multimetal oxide composition is accounted for by the element Cu.
- X 4 one or more alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Rb and / or Cs) and / or H
- X 5 one or more alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and / or Ba)
- X 6 one or more elements from the group Si, Al, Ti and Zr,
- n a number which is determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in the general formula III.
- Method according to one of embodiments 227 to 270 characterized in that the hydrothermal treatment takes place at temperatures in the range> 100 ° C to 600 ° C.
- Method according to one of embodiments 227 to 280 characterized in that, based on the amount of water and sources of the elemental constituents present in the overpressure vessel during the hydrothermal treatment, the proportion by weight of the total amount of sources is 5 to 30% by weight. is.
- 103.1 kPa has a pH ⁇ 4.
- Process according to any of embodiments 227 to 290 characterized in that the aqueous mixture subjected to the hydrothermal treatment has a pH> 1, 5 and ⁇ 2.5 at 25 ° C and 103.1 kPa.
- the method according to any one of embodiments 227 to 301 characterized in that the separation of the newly formed in the hydrothermal treatment solid as precursor material at least one mechanical separation of this solid and at least one wash of the mechanically separated solid with at least one washing liquid from the group from organic acids, inorganic acids, and aqueous solutions of said acids.
- washing liquid is an aqueous solution of oxalic acid.
- 304. The method according to any one of embodiments 227 to 303, characterized in that the temperature in the thermal treatment of the precursor composition is 300 to 700 ° C.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 227 to 304 characterized in that the temperature during the thermal treatment of the precursor composition is 350 to 650 ° C.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 316 to 318 characterized in that the longitudinal expansion of the carrier body is 1 to 10 mm.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 316 to 319 characterized in that the carrier body is a ring whose length is 4 to 10 mm, whose outer diameter is 2 to 10 mm and whose wall thickness is 1 to 4 mm. 321.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 316 or 319 characterized in that the carrier body is a ring whose length is 3 to 6 mm, whose outer diameter is 4 to 8 mm and whose wall thickness is 1 to 2 mm. 322.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 316 to 321 characterized in that the multimetal oxide material is applied to the surface of the carrier body as an active mass dish of thickness 10 to 1000 ⁇ m.
- Method according to one of embodiments 316 to 324 characterized in that the multimetal oxide composition is applied to the surface of the carrier body as an active mass dish of thickness 100 to 500 ⁇ m.
- Method according to one of the embodiments 316 to 325 characterized in that the multimetal oxide material is applied to the surface of the carrier body as an active mass dish of thickness 150 to 300 ⁇ m. 327.
- a process of heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation of (meth) acrolein to (meth) acrylic acid over a catalytically active multimetal oxide composition characterized in that the multimetal oxide composition is a multimetal oxide composition according to one of embodiments 1 18 to 214.
- the mixed solution was stirred for another 30 minutes at 25 ° C. Subsequently, the pH of the mixed solution was adjusted to 2.2 by addition of dilute aqueous sulfuric acid (whose concentration was about 1 molar) at 25 ° C. All the above operations were carried out in air.
- the wall thickness of the outer shell of the Teflon hollow cylinder was 7.5 mm, its inner diameter was 60 mm, the bottom was 5.0 mm thick and the volume of the reaction space was 325 ml.
- the Teflon hollow cylinder was enclosed by a pressure-resistant outer jacket with a pressure-tight screw-on lid. Its production material was stainless steel of DIN type 1.4301. Through both lids, a thermocouple encased in Teflon was led into the reaction space (Type K of TMH GmbH in D-63477 Maintal), with which the temperature in the reaction space was recorded.
- the reaction compartment was equipped with a Teflon-coated magnetic rod which could be rotated by means of a standard laboratory magnetic stir plate to agitate the reaction space.
- the heating was carried out by four electric heating cartridges (230 V, 400 W, Fa. Heinz Stegmaier GmbH D-78567 Fridingen), in two half-shell-shaped cuffs made of alumi (as a heating jacket), which enclosed the pressure-resistant outer jacket made of stainless steel.
- a programmable process controller type CAL 9500 P from CAL Control Inc., Libertyville, IL, 60048-3764, USA
- another thermocouple was permanently mounted in the heating jacket.
- An additional thermocouple in the heating jacket was used for over-temperature protection.
- the thermal treatment device comprised a quartz glass inner tube rotatable about its own longitudinal axis and a jacket tube enclosing this inner tube.
- the length of the jacket tube was 52 cm. Over a length of 36 cm, the inner diameter of the jacket tube was 4.8 cm and over a length of 15 cm, the inner diameter of the jacket tube was 6.5 cm. Over a length of 1 cm was the transition from 4.8 cm inner diameter to 6.5 cm inside diameter.
- the end E1 At that end of the jacket tube (the end E1), at which the jacket tube had the larger cross-section, the jacket tube was closed with a quartz glass bottom. At the opposite end of this end (the end E2), in which the jacket tube had the smaller cross section, the jacket tube was open.
- the inner tube had a length of 49 cm. Over a length of 37 cm, the inner diameter of the inner tube was 1.5 cm. On an adjoining length of 10 cm, the inner diameter of the envelope of the inner tube was 3.4 cm (on this length, the cross section of the inner tube was not circular but as in Figure 1 this Font shown; this cross-sectional design caused the effect of a static stirrer) and on an adjoining final length of 2 cm, the inner diameter of the inner tube was 1 cm.
- the inner tube was open on both sides (ends).
- the glass thickness was 1.5 mm for both quartz glass tubes.
- the inner tube with its smaller cross-section opening was previously led into the jacket tube, that the longitudinal axes of both tubes coincide and a distance from the opening of the smaller cross section of the inner tube remained up to the glass bottom of the jacket tube of 2 cm.
- the dry precursor composition from 1.b) was ground in advance in a mortar before its thermal treatment and then filled in its entirety into the section of the aforementioned inner tube, which had a cross section according to FIG. 1, and fixed in this from both sides with quartz wool.
- both glass tubes were fastened to the open side of the jacket tube by means of a worm motor (Fa. Faulhaber in D-71 101 Schönach), which could rotate about its own axis at a constant rotational speed.
- a worm motor Fe. Faulhaber in D-71 101 Schönach
- a stream of nitrogen could be fed into the inner tube (> 99.95% by volume N 2), which flowed out of it at the opposite end of the inner tube, whereby the current intensity could be regulated by a variable area flowmeter.
- the precursor mass optionally released gases and the effluent from the inner tube nitrogen flow could be dissipated through the jacket tube.
- the finely divided precursor composition (after previously with nitrogen flow had been purged for 30 min) with a Heating rate of 5 ° C / min heated to 500 ° C. Subsequently, this temperature (the 500 ° C) was maintained while maintaining the nitrogen flow for a further 120 min. Finally, the calcination was cooled substantially linearly to 25 ° C within 10 h.
- the particle sizes of the resulting comparative mixed oxide were in the range of 3 to 25 ⁇ m ⁇ (longitudinal expansion).
- the specific surface area O was 66 m 2 / g.
- the stoichiometry of the the same mixed oxide was M012V4OX (the analysis of the respective mixed oxide stoichiometry was carried out by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) on an ICP Optima 3000 measuring instrument from Perkin Elmer, D-631 10 Rodgau; 20 mg of the oxidic mass to be examined were dissolved with 20 ml of a 2 molar aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (supragurous NaOH from Merck, Darmstadt), the respective resulting clear solution was then treated with water in a weight ratio of 1 for the ICP-OES measurement (solution ) diluted to 100 (water)).
- a catalyst sample in a reactor is exposed to a constant stream of reaction gas mixture (constant current, constant composition of the reaction gas mixture) and, at the same time, the temperature of the catalyst sample (the finely divided active mass sample) varies with time.
- the products and reactants leaving the reactor as a function of the temperature of the catalyst sample are observed.
- characteristic quantities such as reactant conversion, target product formation selectivity and target product yield (in each case based on a single pass of the reaction gas mixture through the catalyst bed) can be obtained from their volume fractions in the product gas mixture, which make it possible to predict the catalyst performance.
- the catalyst By repeatedly going through the temperature program into the area of elevated temperatures, which already cause a pronounced total oxidation, the catalyst (the active mass) is deliberately exposed to increased thermal stress for limited periods of time, whereby its performance development over a multiple pass through the temperature program allows an assessment of its long-term behavior in normal partial oxidation operation (see also WO 2005/047226 A1, "Process for the long-term operation of a heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid").
- a hollow-cylindrical quartz glass was used as the reactor, which was bent into a U-tube and placed in a circulating air oven.
- the oven was electrically heated and consisted of an aluminum housing, in which was a wound with heating wire, upwardly and downwardly open, circular cylindrical ceramic sleeve was located in the interior of the U-tube was placed. Both variable heating rates and constant temperatures over time were realized.
- an electrically operated propeller which caused a constant air circulation in the oven.
- the reactor could be fed directly into the furnace interior cold gas.
- a cooling coil was introduced into the aluminum jacket of the furnace through which cooling water could be passed (a detailed description of the recirculating air / reactor assembly can be found in S. Endres, Dissertation, TU Darmstadt, 2009 and in J. Kunert, Dissertation, TU Darmstadt 2003) ,
- the inner diameter of the reactor tube made of quartz glass was 0.4 cm.
- the wall thickness of the quartz glass was 1 mm.
- the two legs of the U-tube had a length of 14 cm each and were directed upwards. The distance between the two legs was 3.3 cm.
- thermocouple type K, from TMH GmbH, D-63477 Maintal
- the respective gas (mixture) to be supplied was fed to the opening of the right femoral neck of the U-tube reactor as part of a temperature-programmed partial oxidation experiment (TPPE). Unless otherwise stated, the feed temperature was uniform 170 ° C. The volumetric flow rate of the respectively to be supplied
- Gas (mixture) was constant at 20 ml / min in all experiments over the entire duration of the experiment.
- the temperature of the catalyst sample in the reactor was varied in the range between 100 ° C and 480 ° C.
- pre-oxidation a regenerative oxidative pretreatment in the reactor
- a regeneration gas mixture (20 ml / min) was fed (the feed temperature was also 170 ° C), which consisted of 90 vol .-% He and 10 vol .-% molecular oxygen.
- the temperature of the finely divided composite oxide sample was measured at a rate of
- the analysis of the product gas mixture was carried out online with the aid of a mass spectrometer, to which the product gas mixture was added.
- the mass spectrometer was a quadrupole mass spectrometer of the GAM 400 type from InProcess Instruments in D-28201 Bremen. It had an inlet system (quartz glass capillary) which can be heated up to 200 ° C and a crossbeam ion source for electron impact ionization with 70 eV ionization energy and SEV detector.
- FIG. 2 of this document shows the course of the respective yield A M of acrylic acid resulting in each case from the respective catalyst bed temperature both for the first (reference numeral 1 in FIG. 2) and the third (reference numeral 3 in FIG. 2) TP partial oxidation cycle.
- the abscissa of Figure 2 shows the temperature of the catalyst bed in ° C and the ordinate shows the yield A M in mol% / 100.
- the aqueous solution produced in 2. a) was hydrothermal treated as described in 1. b) for the aqueous final solution produced in 1. a). From the resulting aqueous suspension was, in a similar manner as in 1. b), the suspended solid separated by filtration, washed with aqueous oxalic acid, washed with water and finally dried in a convection oven to be treated thermally precursor material. Thermal treatment (calcination) of the precursor material produced in 2. b)
- the thermal treatment of the precursor material produced in 2. b) was carried out in the same way as the thermal treatment (calcination) of the precursor material produced in 1. b) in FIG. 1. c).
- the particle sizes of the resulting multimetal were in the range 3 to 25 ⁇ (longest extent).
- the stoichiometry of the multimetal oxide prepared according to the invention was Moi2V3W2.250 x .
- His X-ray diffractogram show the figures 3 and 4 of this document with different scaling of the absolute intensity.
- the abscissa shows the diffraction angle in the 20 scale [degrees].
- the absolute intensity is plotted on the ordinate. Due to individual existing defined diffraction reflexes, there is no X-ray amorphous structure. A crystalline assignment is also not possible.
- the multimetal oxide powder is thus to be referred to as partially crystalline.
- Partial Oxidation Cycles comprising TPPE from 1. d) using the multimetal oxide from 2. c) as a catalytic active material.
- the maximum yield A M of acrylic acid was achieved at a catalyst bed temperature of 322 ° C. Their value was 79 mol%.
- the maximum yield A M increased to 81 mol% and was at a catalyst bed temperature of 325 ° C.
- This stable TPPE behavior exhibits a pronounced stability of the catalyst performance in long-term operation.
- the activity and selectivity of the acrylic acid formation even undergo a small increase over the three TP partial oxidation cycles (without carrying out the aqueous oxalic acid / water wash, the maximum yield A M in the third cycle was 73 mol% and the associated catalyst bed temperature was 350 ° C the catalyst performance was stable over all three cycles). 3.
- the spray-dried aqueous solution was initially charged at a temperature of 25 ° C. in a non-stirred storage vessel. Via an HPLC pump (type P700, LATEK Labortechnik GmbH, D-69214 Eppelheim), the aqueous solution was conveyed with a volume flow of 12 ml / min into the two-fluid nozzle of the spray tower.
- HPLC pump type P700, LATEK Labortechnik GmbH, D-69214 Eppelheim
- the solution was atomized by a stream of compressed air (607.8 kPa) and a hot (275 ° C) drying air stream, the hot air blower (Leister Process Technologies, CH-6056 Kaegiswil, type Vulcan "E", 65dB (A), static pressure 0.4 kPa, power: 9.9 to 13.3 kW), entrained and dried to a yellow powdery solid which was deposited in a cyclone
- the nozzle diameter of the two-fluid nozzle was 0.7
- the exit temperature from the drying tower was 90 ° C.
- Thermal treatment (calcination) of the spray powder produced in 3.
- the temperature program was designed as follows. First, it was heated to 325 ° C at a heating rate of 2 ° C / min. This temperature was then maintained for 4 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 400 ° C. at a heating rate of 2 ° C./min. increases and maintained this temperature for 10 min. Finally, the calcined material was cooled substantially linearly to 25 ° C within 10 h.
- the particle sizes of the resulting comparative multimetal oxide were ⁇ 13 ⁇ m (long-term expansion).
- the specific surface area O was 4 m 2 / g.
- the stoichiometry of the comparative multimetal oxide was Moi2V3W2, 250x.
- His X-ray diffractogram shows the figure 5 of this document.
- the abscissa shows the diffraction angle in the 20 scale [degrees].
- the absolute intensity is plotted on the ordinate. Due to the lack of defined diffraction reflections, the multimetal oxide powder can be regarded as X-ray amorphous.
- the spray drying was carried out as the spray drying of the aqueous solution produced in 3. a) in 3. b).
- the spray powder obtained in 4.b) was calcined.
- the thermal treatment (the calcination) was carried out as the thermal treatment of the precursor composition produced in 2. b) in 2. c).
- the resulting comparative fine multimetal oxide had the stoichiometry Moi2V3W2.250x. Its specific surface O was 5.8 m 2 / g. d)
- the investigation of the catalytic performance of the finely divided comparative multimetal oxide from 4.c) was carried out as in 2.d) for the finely divided multimetal oxide according to the invention from 2.c).
- an aqueous suspension was taken from the reaction space and the solid suspended therein was separated by centrifugation (a Beckman type J2 / 21 centrifuge was used, rotor JA 14, 5000 rpm, 10750 g, 10 min). The separated solid sediment was dried for 120 min at 1 10 ° C in a convection oven and then ground in a mortar.
- the stoichiometry of the resulting mixed oxide powder 5 was within the measurement accuracy Moi2V3W2.250 x . Its specific surface O was 138 m 2 / g.
- the associated X-ray diffractogram shows the figure 6 of this document.
- the abscissa shows the diffraction angle in the 20 scale [degrees].
- the absolute intensity is plotted on the ordinate. It shows several defined diffraction reflections with low intensity. Overall, there is only a partial crystallinity.
- Figure 7 of this document shows the variation of the dependence resulting in each case in the third TP-Partialoxidationszyklus in depen- of the respective catalyst bed temperature yield A M of acrylic acid, both for the long-term operation of 2.
- d reference numeral 1 in Figure 7
- Figure 3. reference numeral 2 in Figure 7
- the abscissa of Figure 7 shows the temperature of the catalyst bed in ° C and the ordinate shows the yield A M in mol% / 100.
- the maximum yield A M was essentially unchanged over the three TP partial oxidation cycles. It was 89 mol% in the third partial oxidation cycle and was achieved at a catalyst bed temperature of 300 ° C.
- reaction gas mixture flow had the following composition:
- the maximum of the methacrylic acid yield in the third TP partial oxidation cycle set in at a temperature of the catalyst bed of 360 ° C.
- the maximum yield of methacrylic acid in the third cycle of the TPPE in 8. b) was larger by a factor of 1. 41. It turned on at a catalyst bed temperature of 350 ° C.
- the solution II was stirred into the solution I. Then it was cooled to 25 ° C. The pH of the resulting solution was adjusted to 2.0 by adding 1 molar sulfuric acid with stirring. Thereafter, the molecular oxygen dissolved in the solution was displaced by passing molecular nitrogen for 10 minutes (the O 2 content of N 2 was ⁇ 10 ppm by volume).
- the solution was then filled in air into the non-teflon-lined stirred reaction chamber of an autoclave (self-made by BASF SE).
- the reaction space had a capacity of 3.5 l and had an envelope made of hastelloy C.
- a thermocouple protruded into the reaction chamber for temperature control.
- the air present in the gas phase of the filled autoclave was subsequently displaced with molecular nitrogen.
- the autoclave was filled three times in succession with 5 bar of nitrogen (whose O 2 content was ⁇ 20 ppm by volume) and in each case immediately vented to ambient pressure. Thereafter, the autoclave was heated to 175 ° C with stirring (rotation rate: 500 rpm) at a heating rate of 5 ° C / min.
- the dried filter cake was slurried by stirring in 1 l of a 0.4 molar (based on normal conditions) solution of oxalic acid in water at 70 ° C. and then stirred for 1 h at 70 ° C. (rotation rate: 300 rpm). Then again over a filter nut of ceramic (company Witeg laboratory technology GmbH, D-97877 Wertheim, pore size 4) sucked off. The resulting filter cake was washed three times with 100 ml of water having 25 ° C and finally dried again at 80 ° C for 16 h in a convection oven (to cover the need for precursor mass, the preparation method described so far was reproduced 12 times).
- the total amount of precursor material removed from the convection drying oven was then ground to a finely divided powder in a ZM 200 mill from Retsch, of which 50% of the powder particles passed a sieve of mesh size 1 to 10 ⁇ m and its numerical proportion of particles with a longitudinal expansion above 50 ⁇ was less than 1% (a particle diameter distribution which is particularly suitable according to the invention at this point is shown in FIG. 3 of DE 102007010422 A1).
- the thermal treatment (calcination) of the finely divided precursor composition was carried out in 180 g quantity portions in a rotary ball furnace, as shown in FIG. 1 of DE 10033121 A1.
- the rotary kiln consisted of a 1 liter round bottom flask made of quartz glass on a rotary evaporator. The round-bottomed flask was in an oven. Throughout the calcination (including cooling), the rotary kiln passed a gas stream of 50 Nl / h (the Nl here refers to 25 ° C and 101, 3 kPa) of molecular nitrogen ( ⁇ 10 vppm O2). This was fed to the rotary ball furnace at a temperature of 25 ° C. During calcination, the round bottomed flask rotated at a rate of 7 rpm.
- the precursor material in the round-bottomed flask was first heated linearly from 25 ° C. to a material temperature (controlled by thermocouple) of 350 ° C. within 70 minutes. Subsequently, this material temperature was maintained for one hour. Thereafter, the material temperature was heated substantially linearly to 450 ° C within 20 minutes and maintained this temperature for 1 minute. Subsequently, the material temperature was increased linearly to 500 ° C within 20 minutes and this temperature maintained for 2 minutes. Thereafter, the rotary ball furnace contents were cooled substantially linearly to 25 ° C within 2.5 h.
- a material temperature controlled by thermocouple
- the coated rings were kept for 2 h at a temperature of 300 ° C in a convection oven (dehumidified).
- the shell catalysts SK1 removed from the circulating air drying cabinet had, based on their total mass, an oxidic active mass fraction of 19% by weight.
- the stoichiometry of the active material shell of the shell catalyst SK1 was Moi 2 V 3.3 W 3.240 x .
- the preparation of the annular shell catalyst SK2 was carried out as the preparation of the shell catalyst SK1.
- the stoichiometry of the resulting fine particulate active mass was Moi 2 V 3.2Wi, gCuo, 40X. Its BET surface area O after calcination was 30 m 2 / g and based on the total mass of the coated catalyst SK2, the oxidic active material content was 18.8% by weight.
- the aqueous solution was then spray-dried in an air stream at an inlet temperature of 330 ° C. and an outlet temperature of 106 ° C. within 1 h (spray tower from NIRO, spray head No. F0A1). During the spray drying, the portion of the suspension not sprayed in each case was further stirred while maintaining the 90 ° C.
- the resulting spray powder was further processed in accordance with the procedure with the spray powder in Comparative Example 1 B of DE 102010023312 A1 to form annular comparative shell catalyst VSK1 (the annular support used and the coating method corresponded to those in "9" of this document). The highest material temperature during calcination was 400 ° C.
- the stoichiometry of the active mass was Moi2V3W2.250 x . Its BET surface area O after the calcination was 13.3 m 2 / g and based on the total mass of the coated catalyst VSK1, the proportion of oxidic active material was 20% by weight.
- the stoichiometry of the active composition was Moi2V3Wi, 2CuO, 60 x. Its BET surface area O after calcination was 15 m 2 / g and, based on the total mass of the coated catalyst VSK1, the proportion of oxidic active material was 20% by weight. 13. Testing of the shell catalysts SK1, SK2, VSK1 and VSK2 as catalysts for the heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid
- the coated catalysts were each immersed in a reaction tube (V2A steel, 30 mm outer diameter, 2 mm wall thickness, 26 mm inner diameter) surrounded by a salt bath (mixture of 53% by weight potassium nitrate, 40% by weight sodium nitrite and 7% by weight sodium nitrate) ; 465 cm in length), which was loaded from top to bottom as follows:
- Section 1 79 cm in length
- Section 2 62 cm in length
- Section 3 100 cm in length
- Catalyst fixed bed of a homogeneous mixture consisting of 15 wt .-% steatite rings geometry 7 mm x 3 mm x 4 mm (outside diameter x length x inner diameter; Steatite C 220 from CeramTec) and 80% by weight of the particular coated catalyst;
- Section 4 200 cm in length
- Section 5 10 cm in length
- Section 6 14 cm in length
- Catalyst chair made of V2A steel to hold the catalyst fixed bed.
- the reaction gas mixture had the following starting composition:
- the acrolein loading (as defined in DE 19927624 A1) of the fixed catalyst bed was in each case set at 75 Nl / l h.
- the reaction tube was over its length (except for the last 10 cm of the empty tube in section 1 and the last 3 cm of the tube in section 6) with 50 kg of stirred and externally electrically heated molten salt bath (the flow rate at the tube was 3 m / s ).
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261645082P | 2012-05-10 | 2012-05-10 | |
DE102012207811A DE102012207811A1 (de) | 2012-05-10 | 2012-05-10 | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten Gasphasenpartialoxidation von (Meth)acrolein zu (Meth)acrylsäure |
PCT/EP2013/058849 WO2013167405A1 (de) | 2012-05-10 | 2013-04-29 | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von (meth)acrolein zu (meth)acrylsäure |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2846908A1 true EP2846908A1 (de) | 2015-03-18 |
Family
ID=46509764
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13720891.4A Withdrawn EP2846908A1 (de) | 2012-05-10 | 2013-04-29 | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von (meth)acrolein zu (meth)acrylsäure |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9181169B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2846908A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6173436B2 (de) |
CN (2) | CN104411405A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102012207811A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013167405A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013202048A1 (de) | 2013-02-07 | 2013-04-18 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer katalytisch aktiven Masse, die ein Gemisch aus einem die Elemente Mo und V enthaltenden Multielementoxid und wenigstens einem Oxid des Molybdäns ist |
DE102013218628A1 (de) | 2013-09-17 | 2014-03-06 | Basf Se | Katalysator zur Herstellung einer ungesättigten Carbonsäure durch Gasphasenoxidationeines ungesättigten Aldehyds |
BR112016010410B1 (pt) | 2013-11-11 | 2021-12-28 | Basf Se | Corpo de catalisador conformado em cilindro oco, e, processo para preparação de um aldeído a,ss-insaturado e um ácido carboxílico a,ss-insaturado ou ambos |
WO2015067656A1 (de) | 2013-11-11 | 2015-05-14 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung eines ungesättigten aldehyds und/oder einer ungesättigten carbonsäure |
KR101609984B1 (ko) * | 2014-07-09 | 2016-04-06 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고성능 폴리옥소메탈레이트 촉매 및 이의 제조 방법 |
KR102207852B1 (ko) * | 2014-11-21 | 2021-01-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 안테나 장치 및 그것을 포함하는 전자 장치 |
KR101960919B1 (ko) * | 2015-08-11 | 2019-03-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 고성능 폴리옥소메탈레이트 촉매 및 이의 제조 방법 |
CN106423188B (zh) * | 2015-08-12 | 2018-07-13 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 丙烯酸催化剂和其制备方法 |
CN106423186B (zh) * | 2015-08-12 | 2018-07-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 丙烯酸催化剂及其制备方法 |
JP6628661B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-29 | 2020-01-15 | 株式会社日本触媒 | アクリル酸製造用触媒の製造方法とその触媒、ならびに該触媒を用いたアクリル酸の製造方法 |
KR102573437B1 (ko) * | 2018-09-18 | 2023-08-31 | 미쯔비시 케미컬 주식회사 | 메타크릴산 제조용 촉매 및 그의 제조 방법, 및 메타크릴산 및 메타크릴산 에스터의 제조 방법 |
JP7520043B2 (ja) | 2019-05-02 | 2024-07-22 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | 高活性で選択的な触媒を用いたアクリル酸生成におけるアルデヒド副生成物低減のためのプロセス |
EP3770145A1 (de) | 2019-07-24 | 2021-01-27 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von acrolein oder acrylsäure als zielprodukt aus propen |
CN110560079B (zh) * | 2019-07-31 | 2022-01-25 | 浙江新和成股份有限公司 | 用于制备丙烯酸或丙烯醛的催化剂及其制备方法 |
WO2021152916A1 (ja) * | 2020-01-31 | 2021-08-05 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | 触媒の製造方法及びアクリル酸の製造方法 |
CN114471529B (zh) * | 2020-10-27 | 2023-09-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 用于合成丙烯酸的催化剂及其制备方法 |
CN117772185B (zh) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-08-20 | 云南民族大学 | 一种超低温含硫条件下高效抗水nh3-scr催化剂及其节能制备方法和应用 |
Family Cites Families (53)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3147084A (en) | 1962-03-08 | 1964-09-01 | Shell Oil Co | Tubular catalytic reactor with cooler |
US3567773A (en) * | 1966-05-21 | 1971-03-02 | Nippon Kayaku Kk | Production of unsaturated aliphatic acids |
BE793928A (fr) | 1972-01-13 | 1973-05-02 | Deggendorfer Werft Eisenbau | Appareil pour la mise en oeuvre de processus chimiques exothermiques et endothermiques |
US3956377A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1976-05-11 | The Standard Oil Company (Ohio) | Production of unsaturated acids from the corresponding aldehydes |
DE2513405C2 (de) | 1975-03-26 | 1982-10-21 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure durch Oxidation von Propylen mit Sauerstoff enthaltenden Gasen in zwei getrennten Katalysatorstufen, die in einem Röhrenreaktor hintereinander angeordnet sind |
JPS52138499A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1977-11-18 | Mitsubishi Chem Ind Ltd | Production of heteropolyacid |
AU529228B2 (en) | 1977-07-13 | 1983-06-02 | Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co. Ltd. | Catalytic vapour phase oxidation |
DE2909671A1 (de) | 1979-03-12 | 1980-10-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von schalenkatalysatoren |
DE3030243A1 (de) | 1980-08-09 | 1982-03-18 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Oxidationskatalysator insbesondere fuer die herstellung von methacrylsaeure durch gasphasenoxidation von methacrolein |
JPS5896041A (ja) | 1981-12-01 | 1983-06-07 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | メタクリル酸の製造方法 |
DE3511040C1 (de) | 1985-03-27 | 1990-05-10 | Kamax-Werke Rudolf Kellermann Gmbh & Co Kg, 3360 Osterode | Haltevorrichtung fuer Schrauben beim Messen und Pruefen der Koaxialitaet von Gewinde und Schaft bzw. beim Bearbeiten |
ES2035663T3 (es) | 1989-02-17 | 1993-04-16 | Jgc Corporation | Aparato del tipo de envoltura y tubos, que tienen una placa intermedia de tubos. |
DE4023239A1 (de) | 1990-07-21 | 1992-01-23 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur katalytischen gasphasenoxidation von propen oder iso-buten zu acrolein oder methacrolein |
JPH06227819A (ja) | 1993-02-02 | 1994-08-16 | Mitsubishi Kasei Corp | 複合金属酸化物の調製方法 |
DE4431957A1 (de) | 1994-09-08 | 1995-03-16 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrolein |
DE4431949A1 (de) | 1994-09-08 | 1995-03-16 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure |
DE4442346A1 (de) | 1994-11-29 | 1996-05-30 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators, bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse |
JP2000026123A (ja) | 1998-07-08 | 2000-01-25 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 複合酸化物および複合酸化物の製造方法 |
DE19948241A1 (de) | 1999-10-07 | 2001-04-12 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrolein |
DE19910508A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure |
DE19948523A1 (de) | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-12 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrylsäure |
DE19910506A1 (de) | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-14 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrolein |
DE19927624A1 (de) | 1999-06-17 | 2000-12-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrylsäure |
DE19952964A1 (de) | 1999-11-03 | 2001-05-10 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur katalytischen Gasphasenoxidation zu (Meth)Acrolein und/oder (Meth)Acrylsäure |
DE10051419A1 (de) | 2000-10-17 | 2002-04-18 | Basf Ag | Katalysator bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse |
DE10118814A1 (de) | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-24 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Gasphasenoxidation von Propen mit molekularem Sauerstoff in einer Reaktionszone |
DE10033121A1 (de) | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-17 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Gasphasenoxidation |
TW583023B (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2004-04-11 | Nippon Kayaku Kk | Alkane oxidizing catalyst, method for producing the same and method for producing unsaturated oxygen-containing compound |
US7038080B2 (en) * | 2002-09-27 | 2006-05-02 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Heterogeneously catalyzed gas-phase partial oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid |
EP1407819A3 (de) | 2002-10-01 | 2004-06-23 | Rohm And Haas Company | Durch hydrothermale Behandlung hergestellte Mo-V-M-Nb-X-oxid Katalysatoren für die selektive Oxidation von Kohlenwasserstoffen |
DE10313208A1 (de) | 2003-03-25 | 2004-10-07 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten partiellen Gasphasenoxidation von Propen zu Acrylsäure |
DE10321398A1 (de) * | 2003-05-12 | 2004-05-27 | Basf Ag | Mo und V enthaltende Multimetalloxidmassen |
DE10360057A1 (de) | 2003-12-19 | 2004-07-29 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung der Vorläufermasse einer katalytischen Aktivmasse |
US7642214B2 (en) * | 2003-06-10 | 2010-01-05 | Nippon Kayaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Catalyst for oxidation of alkane, process for preparing thereof and process for producing unsaturated oxygen-containing compound |
DE102004017150A1 (de) | 2004-04-07 | 2005-10-27 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von (Meth)acrolein und/oder (Meth)acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Partialoxidation von C3- und/oder C4-Vorläuferverbindungen in einem Reaktor mit Thermoblechplattenmodulen |
DE10350822A1 (de) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-06-02 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zum Langzeitbetrieb einer heterogen katalysierten Gasphasenpartialoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure |
BRPI0416081B1 (pt) | 2003-10-29 | 2014-08-19 | Basf Ag | Processo para a operação a longo prazo de uma oxidação parcial em fase gasosa heterogeneamente catalisada de acroleína a ácido acrílico |
FR2861724B1 (fr) | 2003-11-04 | 2005-12-30 | Arkema | Procede de purification de l'acide (meth)acrylique obtenu par oxydation d'un substrat gazeux |
DE10361456A1 (de) | 2003-12-23 | 2005-07-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von (Meth)acrolein und/oder (Meth)acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Partialoxidation von C3 und/oder C4-Vorläuferverbindungen |
CN100345631C (zh) * | 2004-03-25 | 2007-10-31 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 丙烯酸制造用催化剂及使用该催化剂的丙烯酸制造方法 |
US7378367B2 (en) | 2004-03-25 | 2008-05-27 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Catalyst for production of acrylic acid and process for production of acrylic acid using the catalyst |
JP4437966B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-25 | 2010-03-24 | 株式会社日本触媒 | アクリル酸製造用触媒とこれを用いるアクリル酸製造方法 |
EP1755779A1 (de) | 2004-06-09 | 2007-02-28 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur herstellung einer multimetalloxidmasse |
DE102004027999A1 (de) * | 2004-06-09 | 2005-01-27 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Multimetalloxidmasse |
CN1964781A (zh) * | 2004-06-09 | 2007-05-16 | 巴斯福股份公司 | 制备多金属氧化物材料的方法 |
KR101288713B1 (ko) | 2005-03-08 | 2013-07-22 | 바스프 에스이 | 반응기 충전 방법 |
RU2430907C2 (ru) | 2005-04-27 | 2011-10-10 | Басф Акциенгезельшафт | Способ ректификационного разделения содержащей акриловую кислоту и/или метакриловую кислоту жидкости |
JP4950457B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-12 | 2012-06-13 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 複合金属酸化物触媒の製造方法及び該触媒の用途 |
JP4848813B2 (ja) | 2006-03-29 | 2011-12-28 | 住友化学株式会社 | メタクリル酸製造用触媒の製造方法及びメタクリル酸の製造方法。 |
JP4783249B2 (ja) * | 2006-09-15 | 2011-09-28 | 日本化薬株式会社 | 複合金属酸化物触媒及び複合金属酸化物触媒の製造方法 |
DE102007010422A1 (de) | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Katalysators bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Masse |
DE102007019597A1 (de) | 2007-04-24 | 2008-05-15 | Basf Ag | Verfahren der Inbetriebnahme einer heterogen katalysierten partiellen Gasphasenoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure oder von Methacrolein zu Methacrylsäure |
DE102010023312A1 (de) | 2010-06-10 | 2011-12-15 | Basf Se | Schalenkatalysator bestehend aus einem hohlzylindrischen Trägerkörper und einer auf die äußere Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse |
-
2012
- 2012-05-10 DE DE102012207811A patent/DE102012207811A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-04-29 JP JP2015510723A patent/JP6173436B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-04-29 WO PCT/EP2013/058849 patent/WO2013167405A1/de active Application Filing
- 2013-04-29 EP EP13720891.4A patent/EP2846908A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-04-29 CN CN201380036287.7A patent/CN104411405A/zh active Pending
- 2013-04-29 CN CN201810851212.9A patent/CN109158099A/zh active Pending
- 2013-05-07 US US13/888,542 patent/US9181169B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
None * |
See also references of WO2013167405A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN109158099A (zh) | 2019-01-08 |
DE102012207811A1 (de) | 2012-07-12 |
WO2013167405A1 (de) | 2013-11-14 |
US9181169B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
CN104411405A (zh) | 2015-03-11 |
US20140018572A1 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
JP6173436B2 (ja) | 2017-08-02 |
JP2015520745A (ja) | 2015-07-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP2846908A1 (de) | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von (meth)acrolein zu (meth)acrylsäure | |
EP1387823B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte partialoxidation von propan | |
EP1558569B1 (de) | Multimetalloxidmassen | |
EP1301457B1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte gasphasenoxidation von propan | |
DE10051419A1 (de) | Katalysator bestehend aus einem Trägerkörper und einer auf der Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse | |
WO2008104577A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines katalysators bestehend aus einem trägerkörper und einer auf der oberfläche des trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven masse | |
EP2731715A1 (de) | Mo, bi und fe enthaltende multimetalloxidmassen | |
WO2002083615A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung von acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte gasphasenoxidation von propen mit molekularem sauerstoff in einer reaktionszone | |
WO2015039982A1 (de) | Katalysator zur herstellung einer ungesättigten carbonsäure durch gasphasenoxidation eines ungesättigten aldehyds | |
WO2011134932A1 (de) | SCHALENKATALYSATOR BESTEHEND AUS EINEM HOHLZYLINDRISCHEN TRÄGERKÖRPER UND EINER AUF DIE ÄUßERE OBERFLÄCHE DES TRÄGERKÖRPERS AUFGEBRACHTEN KATALYTISCH AKTIVEN OXIDMASSE | |
DE102013202048A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer katalytisch aktiven Masse, die ein Gemisch aus einem die Elemente Mo und V enthaltenden Multielementoxid und wenigstens einem Oxid des Molybdäns ist | |
EP1345689A2 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer mo, bi, fe sowie ni und/oder co enthaltenden multimetalloxidaktivmasse | |
WO2004031114A1 (de) | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten gasphasenpartialoxidation von acrolein zu acrylsäure | |
WO2005120702A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung einer multimetalloxidmasse | |
DE102010028328A1 (de) | Schalenkatalysator bestehend aus einem hohlzylindrischen Trägerkörper und einer auf die äußere Oberfläche des Trägerkörpers aufgebrachten katalytisch aktiven Oxidmasse | |
WO2022090019A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines schalenkatalysators | |
DE10119933A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acrylsäure durch heterogen katalysierte Gasphasenoxidation von Propan | |
DE10248584A1 (de) | Multimetalloxidmassen | |
EP4139047A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines die elemente mo, w, v und cu enthaltenden katalytisch aktiven multielementoxids | |
DE102011079035A1 (de) | Mo, Bi und Fe enthaltende Multimetalloxidmassen | |
DE102004027999A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Multimetalloxidmasse | |
DE102011084040A1 (de) | Mo, Bi und Fe enthaltende Multimetalloxidmasse | |
DE10254279A1 (de) | Multimetalloxidmassen | |
DE10261186A1 (de) | Verfahren der heterogen katalysierten Gasphasenpartialoxidation von Acrolein zu Acrylsäure | |
WO2024120861A1 (de) | Verfahren zur herstellung eines die elemente mo, w, v, cu und sb enthaltenden katalytisch aktiven multielementoxids |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20141210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20190313 |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20201028 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTC | Intention to grant announced (deleted) | ||
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20201223 |
|
GRAJ | Information related to disapproval of communication of intention to grant by the applicant or resumption of examination proceedings by the epo deleted |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSDIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
INTC | Intention to grant announced (deleted) | ||
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20210507 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20210918 |