EP2785927A1 - Spacing device for a device for attaching an object to a wall covered with an insulating layer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a spacing device (6) for a device for attaching (4) an object (3) to a wall (1) covered with an insulating layer (2). Said spacing device (6) is characterised in that the device is made of a thermally insulating material and comprises a front surface (60) intended for being oriented facing the wall (1), a rear surface (61) intended for being oriented facing the object (3) to be attached, at least one lateral side (62) intended for being oriented facing the insulating layer (2), at least one axial opening (63) extending from the front surface (60) and at least towards the rear surface (61) and intended for receiving on the inside an attachment member (5) that comprises the attachment device (4). On the inside, the spacing device further comprises at least one channel (64) opening onto the rear surface (61) and at least onto one lateral side (62), said channel (64) being intended for receiving a thermally insulating filling material (9). The invention also relates to an attachment device (4) comprising such a spacing device (6).

Description

SPACER DEVICE FOR A DEVICE FOR FASTENING AN OBJECT ON A CLOSED WALL WITH AN INSULATION LAYER.

The present invention relates to a spacer device for a device for attaching an object to a wall dressed with an insulation layer. The invention also relates to such a fixing device and a method of fixing an object on a wall and implementing such a fixing device.

 This invention relates to the field of the building and, more particularly, that of the manufacture of devices designed to ensure the attachment of an object on a wall dressed with a layer of insulation. This invention will find a very particular application but in no way limiting when it comes to fixing a heavy object, in particular of the metallic type and / or constituted, for example, by a sun visor, a sunshade, a railing, a staircase, a ramp, a balcony, a loggia or other.

 Already known fasteners in the form of a screw or the like, passing through the insulation layer, and screwed inside the wall. The object to be fixed on this wall comes, then, applied against the insulation layer and its fixing is ensured by the screwing of the screw inside the wall and through the insulation layer.

 Such a fastening has many disadvantages. In particular, when the screw is of metal type, there is formed, between the outside of the building and the wall, a thermal bridge detrimental to the energy performance of the building, which is hardly acceptable for low energy buildings.

In addition, under the effect of the screwing of the screw and / or the weight of the object, the insulation layer is degraded, particularly in the form of a depression and / or crushing, reducing the energy performance this layer of insulation and degrading the aesthetics of the facade. In addition, when the object is heavy, it causes a bending of the screw having the effect, not only a degradation of the insulation layer (entalling, depression), but also a displacement and / or instability and / or an inappropriate position of the fixed object.

 A solution has been devised and consists of a spacer, on the one hand, positioned inside an opening in the insulation layer and, on the other hand, traversed by a screw. However, such a spacer is made of a metallic material creating, again, a thermal bridge through the material of this spacer. In addition, such a spacer takes the form of a tube which, on the one hand, generates a problem of centering the screw relative to this spacer, on the other hand, causes the deformation of the thin wall of this tube under the effect of the weight of the object and, on the other hand, establishes a thermal bridge between the outside of the building and the wall, this through the central opening of this tube as well as through a spacing defined between this tube and the insulation layer.

 The present invention is intended to overcome the disadvantages of fasteners of the state of the art.

 To this end, the invention relates to a spacer device for a device for fixing an object on a wall dressed with an insulation layer. This spacer device is made of a thermal insulating material and comprises:

 a front face intended to be oriented towards the wall;

a rear face intended to be oriented towards the object to be fixed;

 at least one lateral side intended to be oriented towards the insulation layer;

 at least one axial opening, extending from the front face and at least towards the rear face, and intended to internally receive a fixing member that comprises the fixing device;

- Internally, at least one duct opening on the one hand, at the rear face of the spacer device and, on the other hand, at least one side side of this spacer device, this pipe being intended to receive a thermal insulating filler material.

 Additionally, the spacer device comprises at least one transverse channel communicating with the axial opening and with at least one pipe, more particularly with a peripheral channel and / or with an axial channel that includes such a pipe.

 The invention also relates to a device for fixing an object on a wall dressed with an insulation layer, this fastening device comprising at least one fixing member, made of a thermal insulating material, and intended to be housed. inside the wall. This fixing device further comprises a spacer device, having the characteristics described above, receiving internally the fixing member, and intended to be positioned in an opening that comprises the insulation layer.

 Finally, the invention relates to a method of fixing an object on a wall dressed with an insulation layer. This process consists of:

 an opening is cut in the insulation layer;

- piercing the wall behind the opening in the insulation layer;

 a fixing member is provided which comprises a fixing device having the characteristics described above, this inside the drilling of the wall, and positioning a spacer device that comprises this fixing device, this to the inside the opening in the insulation layer;

 a thermal insulating filler material is introduced at least inside at least one pipe that comprises the spacer device;

 - Fixing the object to be fixed on the fixing member and / or on the spacer device.

The advantages of the present invention are that the fixing device comprises a spacer device and a fastener made of an insulating material. allowing, advantageously, to avoid the creation of a thermal bridge between the outside of the building and the wall, this through this fixing device.

 In addition, the spacer device comprises at least one duct extending between the rear face and at least one lateral side. The presence of such a pipe advantageously makes it possible to introduce, inside the spacer device, a thermal insulating filler material. Part of this material will then spread inside the spacer device and thus contribute to the energy performance of this device, or increase them. Another part of this material will emerge from the spacer device, this at the level of at least one lateral side that this spacer device comprises and which is oriented towards the insulation layer. This other part of material will then spread in a defined spacing between this spacer device and the insulation layer. This advantageously ensures the thermal insulation of this spacing and prevents the formation of a thermal bridge between the outside of the building and the wall, this through this spacing.

 In addition, the spacer device comprises at least one transverse channel communicating with the axial opening as well as with at least one pipe. The presence of this transverse channel advantageously allows a part of the filling material to penetrate inside the axial opening receiving the fixing member and thus to spread around this fixing member as well as between this fastener and the inner wall of the axial opening. In doing so, it ensures the thermal insulation of the axial opening and prevents the formation of a thermal bridge between the outside of the building and the wall, this through this axial opening.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description relating to embodiments which are given by way of indicative and non-limiting examples. The understanding of this description will be facilitated by reference to the appended drawings in which:

 - Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a spacer device according to a first embodiment of the invention;

 - Figure 2 is a schematic and sectional view along II-II of the spacer device shown in Figure 1;

 - Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the spacer device illustrated in Figures 1 and 2;

 FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic, perspective and exploded view of a fixing device comprising a spacer device illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3;

 FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the attachment of an object to a wall dressed with an insulation layer, by means of the fixing device illustrated in FIG. 4 and in accordance with a section according to VV of the device. spacer;

 - Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of a spacer device according to a second embodiment of the invention;

 FIG. 7 is a diagrammatic, perspective and exploded view of a fixing device comprising a spacer device illustrated in FIG. 6;

 FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the attachment of an object to a wall dressed with an insulation layer, by means of the fixing device illustrated in FIG. 7 and in accordance with a section according to VIII-VIII. of the spacer device.

 The present invention relates to the field of the building and, more particularly, that of the manufacture of devices designed to secure, on a wall 1 of a building dressed with an insulation layer 2, an object 3.

Such an object 3 is, more particularly, constituted by a heavy object 3, in particular of the metallic type and / or constituted, for example, by a sun visor, a sunshade, a guardrail, a staircase, a ramp of access, a balcony, a loggia or other. Such an object 3 may also be constituted by a support, more particularly in the form of a console or the like, intended to receive a heavy object as described above (in particular of the metallic type and / or constituted, for example, by a sun visor, a solar shading ...).

 In fact, such a fixing device 4 comprises at least one fastener 5 intended to be housed (partly) inside the wall 1 and to extend externally and laterally with respect to this wall 1, this through insulation layer 2.

 Such a fastener 5 is made of a thermal insulating material, this in order to avoid the formation of a thermal bridge between the wall 1 and the outside of the building. A preferred embodiment consists in that this fixing member 5 is made of at least one composite material, more particularly of resin (biosourced and / or petrochemical type, for example based on polypropylene, polyester, polyurethane, epoxy and / or polyamide, in particular polyamide PA 6G) reinforced with fibers, in particular fiberglass.

 Such a fastener 5 can take the form of a screw

(Having a screw head and a rod at least partially threaded) or, preferably, the shape of a rod 50 at least partially threaded. According to the embodiment considered and described in more detail below, such a threaded rod 50 can be completed by a nut 51.

 In fact, such a rod 50 has at least one thread at the rear (in particular for receiving the nut 51), or even (and preferably) at least one thread at the front (this for its fixing in the wall 1, more particularly in a peg engaged in a housing that includes this wall 1). A preferred embodiment is that this rod 50 is threaded over its entire length.

The fastening device 4 also comprises a spacer device 6, internally receiving the fixing member 5 (or even axially traversed by this fixing member 5), and intended to be positioned in an opening 20 that the insulation layer 2 comprises.

 This spacer device 6 is made of a thermal insulating material, again in order to avoid the formation of a thermal bridge between the wall 1 and the outside of the building. A preferred embodiment consists in that this spacer device 6 is made of at least one composite material, similar or identical to that mentioned above for the fastener 5.

 As can be seen in the appended figures, this spacer device 6 comprises a front face 60 (preferably flat) intended to be oriented towards the wall 1 (in particular intended to be applied against this wall 1) and a rear face 61 (Preferably flat) intended to be oriented towards the object 3 to be fixed (in particular against which this object 3 comes into application).

 This spacer device 6 also comprises at least one lateral side 62 intended to be oriented towards the insulation layer 2.

 In this regard, it will be observed that this spacer device 6 may have a polygonal section (in particular square, hexagonal or other) and then comprises a plurality of lateral sides. However, according to a preferred embodiment illustrated in the appended figures, this spacer device 6 has the substantially cylindrical shape (in particular of revolution), has a round section, and then has a lateral side 62 of which the envelope is circular.

 Another feature is that this spacer device 6 comprises at least one axial opening 63, extending from the front face 60 and at least towards the rear face 61, opening at least at the level of the face before 60, thus extending inside at least a part of this spacer device 6, and intended to internally receive a fixing member 5 that comprises the fixing device 4.

As mentioned above, the spacer device 6 has the shape of a cylinder which extends, then, according to a axis. Also and according to another characteristic of the invention, the axial opening 63 extends along an axis at least parallel to the axis of the cylinder of this spacer device 6. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the axial opening 63 extends along an axis coincident with the axis of this cylinder so that the cylinder of the spacer device 6, the axial opening 63 and, thus, the fixing member 5 are coaxial.

 In fact, this axial opening 63 may have different characteristics depending on whether the fixing device 4 corresponds to a first type or to a second type of embodiment described in more detail below.

 Also, according to this first type of embodiment (in particular illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 5), the axial opening 63 is intended to internally receive a fixing member 5 designed to fix the object 3 on the wall 1.

 According to this first embodiment, the axial opening 63 extends between the front face 60 and the rear face 61, opens at these front 60 and rear faces 61, thus completely traverses this spacer device 6, and is intended to be traversed by the fastener 5 (more particularly by the threaded rod 50 of this member 5) that comprises the fixing device 4.

 In this case and according to a first variant (not shown), the axial opening 63 may be at least partially threaded, this to cooperate (by screwing) with the threaded rod 50 of the fastener 5 and for the purpose of fixing the spacer device 6 on the wall 1. However, and according to a preferred variant (FIGS. 1 to 5), this axial opening 63 is devoid of tapping.

 According to the second embodiment (in particular illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 8), the axial opening 63 is intended to internally receive a fixing member 5 which is designed to fix the spacer device 6 on the wall 1.

Thus and according to a first embodiment (not shown) of this second embodiment, the axial opening 63 extends from the front face 60 and towards the rear face 61 (while remaining set back from this rear face 61), opens only at the front face 60, and therefore extends in part only inside this spacer device 6.

 In this first embodiment, the axial opening 63 is constituted by a blind hole and comprises a tapping for cooperating with the threaded rod 50 of the fixing member 5, in order to fix the spacer device 6 to the wall 1.

 According to a second embodiment (in particular illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 8) of this second embodiment, the axial opening 63 extends between the front face 60 and the rear face 61, opens at these front faces 60 and rear 61, and therefore completely through this spacer device 6.

 A first variant (not shown) of this second embodiment is that the axial opening 63 may be at least partly threaded, this to cooperate with the threaded rod 50 of the fastener 5 and for the purpose of fixing the spacer device 6 on the wall 1.

However, according to a second variant (illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 8) of this second embodiment, the axial opening 63 comprises, on the one hand, an axial duct 630, opening at the front face 60, and intended to be crossed by a rod 50 at least partly threaded that comprises the fixing member 5 and, on the other hand, an axial housing 631, particularly in the form of a counterbore, located in the extension of the axial duct 630, communicating with this axial duct 630, extending along an axis at least parallel (preferably coincidental) to the axis along which this axial duct 630 extends, opening at the rear face 61. This axial housing 631 is intended to receive, either a nut 51 which comprises the fixing member 5 and which is designed to cooperate with the threaded rod 50 of this fastener 5 (Figures 6 to 8), or a screw head that comprises a screw constituting the body of fixing 5 and comprising the threaded rod (not shown), this for fixing the spacer device 6 on the wall 1. As mentioned above, according to the second embodiment of the fixing device 4, the axial opening 63 is intended to internally receive a fixing member 5 which is designed to fix the spacer device 6 on the wall 1.

 In this connection, it will be observed that the spacer device 6 corresponding to this second embodiment comprises, then again, at least one additional axial opening 63 'intended to internally receive a fixing system 5', which comprises the fixing device 4, and which is adapted to fix the object 3 on the spacer device 6.

 This additional axial opening 63 'extends from the rear face 61 of the spacer device 6 and at least towards the front face 60 (while remaining set back relative to this front face 60) of this device. spacer 6.

 In fact, this additional axial opening 63 'comprises at least one additional axial duct 630', extending along an axis parallel to the axis along which the axial opening 63 extends, and intended to internally receive a rod 50 ' at least partly threaded that includes the fastening system 5 '.

 According to a first embodiment (not shown), this additional axial duct 630 'comprises a tapping for cooperating with the threaded rod 50' of the fastening system 5 ', for the purpose of fixing, on the spacer device 6, of the threaded rod 50 'of the fastening system 5' (in the case of a fixing system 5 'also comprising a nut 51' for cooperating with this threaded rod 50 'for fastening the object 3 to the spacer device 6), or directly from the object 3 (in the case of a fastening system 5 'constituted by a screw comprising such a threaded rod).

However, according to a second embodiment (illustrated in FIGS. 6 to 8), the additional axial opening 63 'comprises at least one additional axial duct 630' and is completed by at least one lateral opening 631 ', which communicates with the axial duct additional 630 ', and opens out at at least one lateral side 62 of the spacer device 6.

 This lateral opening 631 'is intended to receive a nut 52', which comprises the fastening system 5 ', and which is designed to cooperate with the threaded rod 50' of this fastening system 5 ', this for the purpose of fixing this threaded rod 50 'on the spacer device 6 (in particular of the threaded rod 50' of a fixing system 5 'comprising a screw).

 The spacer device 6 according to the invention comprises, again and internally, at least one duct 64 opening, on the one hand, at the rear face 61 of the spacer device 6 and, on the other hand, at the level of at least one lateral side 62 of this spacer device 6.

 In addition, such a duct 64 may also open at the front face 60 of this spacer device 6.

 As will be described in more detail below, such a pipe 64 is intended to receive a thermal insulating filler material.

 In fact, such a channel 64 comprises at least one peripheral channel 640, opening at at least one lateral side 62 of the spacer device 6, and extending over at least a portion of at least one such lateral side. 62.

 A particular embodiment is that such a peripheral channel 640 takes the form of a groove or the like which extends over at least a portion of the length and / or width of such a lateral side 62.

 As mentioned above, the spacer device 6 adopts a cylindrical shape so that such a peripheral channel 640 can then be constituted by a groove or an annular groove.

Such a peripheral channel 640 preferably extends over an entire lateral side 62 of this spacer device 6, more particularly over the entire periphery of the cylinder of this spacer device 6. A preferred embodiment is that this spacer device 6 has a plurality of these peripheral channels 640 which extend, then, preferably parallel to each other.

 Another characteristic is that such a duct 64 also comprises at least one axial channel 641 opening out at the rear face 61 of the spacer device 6 and communicating with at least one peripheral channel 640 (more particularly with at least one annular groove) that includes such a pipe 64.

 Such an axial channel 641 extends substantially parallel to the axis along which the spacer device 6 extends, more particularly parallel to the axis of the cylinder of this spacer device 6 and / or to the axis of the axial opening 63.

 Yet another feature is that the spacer device 6 comprises at least one transverse channel 642 communicating with the axial opening 63 as well as with at least one pipe 64 mentioned above, more particularly with a peripheral channel 640 ( in particular with an annular groove) and / or with an axial channel 641 that includes such a pipe 64.

 As can be seen in the appended figures, such a transverse channel 642 preferably extends radially, in particular perpendicularly to the axis along which the spacer device 6 extends, the cylinder of this device. spacer 6 and / or axial opening 63.

 As mentioned above, the spacer device 6 is intended to be positioned inside an opening 20 formed in the insulating layer 2.

This opening 20 and / or the spacer device 6 are then sized to allow this spacer device 6 to be engaged within this opening 20, either in a controlled manner, or even tightly, or a spacing between the insulation layer 2 and the spacer device 6. In this regard, it will be observed that, according to an additional characteristic of the spacer device 6, the latter 6 also comprises means 65 for anchoring the spacer device 6 inside the insulating layer 2, more particularly inside the opening 20 that includes such an insulation layer 2 and which is designed to receive this spacer device 6.

 In fact, it is, more particularly, at least one lateral side 62 of the spacer device 6 which constitutes such means for anchoring 65, which comprises such means for anchoring 65, or which is equipped with such means for anchoring. 65.

 In this regard, it will be observed that such means for anchoring 65 may then be equipped or be constituted by at least a part of such a lateral side 62 bordering a peripheral channel 640.

 It will be observed that such means for anchoring 65 extend, with respect to at least lateral side 62 of the spacer device 6, this laterally, indeed (and preferably) radially.

 In addition, such means for anchoring 65 may take the form of a point element such as a hooking means, a finger, a redan means or the like.

 However, such means for anchoring 65 may also take the form of a continuous member such as a rib, a lip or the like. In such a case, such means for anchoring 65 may extend over at least a portion of the lateral side 62, in particular on at least part (or all) of the perimeter of the lateral side 62 of the device cylinder. spacer 6.

An additional feature is that this spacer device 6 can be made from a block of thermal insulating material, in particular by machining and, more particularly, by drilling (in particular for producing at least one axial channel 641 and / or at least one transverse channel 642) and by turning (in particular for producing at least one peripheral channel 640). Another solution is to make such a spacer device 6 by molding and / or injection.

 As mentioned above, this spacer device 6 is intended to be engaged in an opening 20 that comprises the insulation layer 2. In this respect, it will be observed that, according to another characteristic of the invention, the ratio between the diameter of the spacer device 6 and the thickness of the insulation layer 2 is greater than 1, preferably of the order of 1.2.

 As mentioned above, the present invention relates to a device 4 for fixing an object 3 to a wall 1 dressed with an insulation layer 2.

 The fixing device 4 according to the invention then comprises at least one fastener 5 having the characteristics described above, in particular made of a thermal insulating material, and intended to be housed inside the wall 1. This Fixing device 4 comprises, again, a spacer device 6, again having the characteristics described above, receiving internally at least the fixing member 5, and intended to be positioned in an opening 20 that includes the insulation layer 2.

 As mentioned above, the fixing device 4 may be according to a first embodiment in which the fixing member 5 is designed to secure the attachment of the object 3 to the wall 1.

According to this first type of embodiment, the fixing device 4 comprises a spacer device 6 comprising an axial opening 63, which extends between the front face 60 and the rear face 61, which opens at these front faces 60 and rearward 61, and therefore completely through this spacer device 6. This spacer device 6 is then traversed axially by the fastener 5, which passes axially through the axial opening 63, and which is constituted either by a screw (not shown) or by a rod 50 at least partially threaded and completed by a nut 51 (Figures 1 to 5). According to a variant described above (but not shown), the axial opening 63 is at least partly threaded while the fixing member 5 is, then also, designed to ensure the fixing of the spacer device 6 on the wall 1 and is constituted by a rod 50 at least partially threaded cooperating with the thread.

 As mentioned above, the fixing device 4 may also be in accordance with a second embodiment in which the fixing member 5 is designed to secure the fixing device 6 on the wall 1.

 According to this second embodiment and according to either the first embodiment mentioned above or the first variant mentioned above of the second embodiment, the axial opening 63 is at least partially threaded and the fastener 5 is constituted by a rod 50 at least partially threaded cooperating with the thread.

 However, according to a second variant mentioned above of this second embodiment corresponding to this second embodiment, the fastener 5 is constituted by a screw comprising a head and a rod at least partially threaded, respectively by a rod 50 to less in part threaded and completed by a nut 51. According to this second variant, the axial opening 63 comprises, on the one hand, an axial duct 630 opening at the front face 60 and traversed by the threaded rod 50 of the fastener 5 (screw or threaded rod) and, secondly, an axial housing 631, located in the extension of the axial duct 630, opening at the rear face 61, and receiving the head of the screw, respectively l nut 51.

As mentioned above, the spacer device 6 corresponding to this second embodiment comprises, again, at least one additional axial opening 63 'extending from the rear face 61 and at least towards the face before 60. This additional axial opening 63 'is intended to internally receive the fixing system 5', which comprises the fixing device 4, which is designed to fix the object 3 on the spacer device 6, which extends at least partly inside the additional axial opening 63 ', and which comprises at least one at least partially threaded rod 50'.

 According to a first embodiment mentioned above, this additional axial opening 63 'may comprise a tapping inside which is screwed the threaded rod 50' of the fastening system 5 'which is then constituted either by a screw comprising such a threaded rod, either by such a threaded rod 50 'completed by a nut 51' for fixing the object 3 on the spacer device 6.

 However, according to a second embodiment mentioned above, this additional axial opening 63 'is completed by a lateral opening 631' communicating with the additional axial duct 630 'of this additional axial opening 63' and opening at at least one lateral side 62 of the spacer device 6. In this second embodiment, the fastening system 5 'comprises at least, on the one hand, a nut 52' housed in the lateral opening 631 'and, on the other hand, a threaded rod 50 ', which extends inside the additional axial opening 63', which cooperates with said nut 52 ', and either comprises a screw constituting part of this fastening system 5' (not shown) or which is completed by another nut 51 'to form part of this fixing system 5' (Figures 6 to 8).

 Since the thermal insulation is achieved through the spacer device 6 and the fastener 5, such a fastening system 5 'can be of metal type which advantageously allows to use a rod threaded 50 'of reduced section relative to the threaded rod 50 of the fastener 5.

According to an additional characteristic, this fixing device 4 may, again, comprise means 7 to compensate for a lack of flatness of the wall 1 and / or a misalignment of the rear face 61 of the spacer device 6 with the outer surface. 21 of the insulation layer 2 and / or a difference between the thickness of the insulation layer 2 and the length of the spacer device 6 (more particularly when this length is less than this thickness).

 Regarding the means 7 to compensate for a lack of flatness of the wall 1, these may be constituted by at least one shim 70 (in particular in the form of a washer or the like) intended to be interposed between the device of spacer 6 and the wall 1. Such a spacer 70 will find a particular application in the case of a wall 1 stone, brick or blocks.

 Regarding the means 7 to compensate for a misalignment of the rear face 61, these can, again, be constituted by at least one shim 70 (in particular in the form of a washer or the like) intended for be interposed between the spacer device 6 and the object 3 to be fixed.

 Regarding the means 7 to compensate for a difference between the thickness of the insulating layer 2 and the length of the spacer device 6, these can be constituted by at least one washer 71, or even by a set of washers of different thicknesses (for example 1, 2, 3mm) intended to be interposed between the spacer device 6 and the object 3 to be fixed.

 These means for compensating 7 have dimensions (more particularly a diameter) allowing their positioning inside the opening 20 that the insulation layer 2 comprises.

 In addition, the fixing device 4 may, again, comprise a peg 8 intended to be engaged in a housing (more particularly in a hole 10) that the wall 1 comprises, and which is designed to ensure the assembly and the immobilization of the fastener 5 in the wall 1.

 Such peg 8 may be of mechanical or chemical type.

As mentioned above, the fixing device 4 comprises at least one fixing member 5 as well as a spacer device 6. In this regard, it will be observed that, in a configuration in which the fixing device 4 ensures the attachment of an object 3 to a wall 1, this spacer device 6 internally receives the fixing member 5 which extends, then, within at least a part of the axial opening 63.

 In particular and according to the first type of embodiment of this fixing device 4, this spacer device 6 is traversed axially by the fixing member 5 which then extends through the axial opening 63.

 This fastener 5 extends, then also, through the means 7 to compensate and / or inside an ankle 8, this when this fastening device 4 comprises.

 In this same configuration, the fixing device 4 comprises, again and at least internally, a filler material 9 thermal insulation.

 This filling material 9 is at least contained inside at least one pipe 64, or even fills the channel or pipes 64 that comprises the spacer device 6. In such a case, this filling material 9 will contribute to the energy performance of this device 6, or increase them.

 In addition, this filling material 9 can, again, be contained in the axial opening 63, which makes it possible to insure the thermal insulation of this axial opening 63 and to prevent the formation of a thermal bridge between the outside. of the building and the wall 1, this through this axial opening 63.

Finally, this filling material 9 may, again, protrude at the periphery of the spacer device 6 (more particularly at the periphery of at least one lateral side 62) and be contained in a spacing defined between the insulating layer 2 and this spacer device 6 (more particularly at least the lateral side 62 of this device 6). In doing so and advantageously, it ensures the thermal insulation of this spacing and prevents the formation of a bridge between the outside of the building and the wall 1, this through this spacing.

 With regard to said filling material 9, the latter 9 may be constituted by an insulating foam, more particularly by an expansive foam. A preferred embodiment is that this filling material 9 is constituted by a polyurethane foam.

 The present invention also relates to a method of fixing an object 3 on a wall 1 dressed with an insulation layer 2. This process makes, more particularly, implement the fixing device 4 described above.

 In particular, this method consists in that:

 an opening 20 is cut in the insulating layer 2;

the wall 1 is drilled behind the opening 20 in the insulating layer 2;

 a fixing member 5 is housed, which comprises a fixing device 4 (with the characteristics described above), this inside the bore 10 of the wall 1, and a spacer device 6 is positioned which this device of fixing 4, this inside the opening 20 in the insulation layer 2;

 a thermal insulating filler material is introduced at least inside at least one duct 64 that comprises the spacer device 6;

 - Fixing the object 3 to be fixed on the fixing member 5 and / or on the spacer device 6.

 In this regard, it will be observed that the opening 20 is cut in the insulation layer 2, this using a bell saw or the like.

In addition, after having cut the opening 20 in the insulating layer 2, the spacer device 6 is positioned inside the opening 20, and the wall 1 is pierced through the spacer device 6. This advantageously makes it possible to center the bore 10 with respect to the opening 20 and to guarantee the axial alignment of the bore 10 with respect to the device 6, more particularly with respect to its axial opening 63.

 In addition, after having pierced the wall 1, an ankle 8 (mechanically or mechanically sealed) is housed in the bore 10 of the wall 1. It is, more particularly, inside this pin 8 that the said housing is housed. fastener 5 (more particularly the threaded rod 50).

 Another feature is that the spacer device 6 is positioned inside the opening 20 in the insulating layer 2, by engaging this spacer device 6 around the threaded rod 50 of the fixing member 5 previously screwed into the wall 1.

 Yet another feature is that, before or when positioning the spacer device 6 inside the opening 20 of the insulation layer 2, is positioned in this opening 20 and against the wall 1 , a shim 70 to compensate for the lack of flatness of the wall 1. In fact, such a shim 70 is preferably engaged around the threaded rod 50 of the fastener 5.

 Another feature is that the filling material 9 is introduced at least inside the spacer device 6, this via an orifice formed at the rear face 61 of this device. spacer 6, and through which opens at least one pipe 64.

When the filling material 9 is introduced into the spacer device 6 and / or during the expansion of this filling material 9, the spacer device 6 is held inside the opening 20 of the insulating layer 2, this via the means 65 for anchoring and against the action of the filling material 9 which, when leaving the spacer device 6 at the front face 60 ( more particularly between the wall 1 and the spacer device 6), tends to push this spacer device 6 out of the opening 20 of the insulating layer 2. Finally and according to the first type of embodiment, when the object 3 is fixed to the fixing member 5 (but also to the spacer device 6), the threaded rod 50 is engaged first and foremost. of this fixing member 5, an opening that includes the object 3 to fix or that includes a part associated with this object 3 to fix and then screwed a nut 51 on the threaded rod 50, this to fix this object 3 on the wall 1.

 However, according to the second embodiment, before fixing the object 3 on the spacer device 6, the spacer device 6 is first fixed to the wall 1 by means of the fixing member 5. Only then, is fixed said object 3 on the spacer device 6.

 In this regard, we will observe that we fix the fixing system

5 'on this spacer device 6 by screwing the threaded rod 50', either in the tapping of the additional axial opening 63 '(this before or after the fixing of the spacer device 6 on the wall 1), or in the nut 52 'housed in the lateral opening 631' (this prior to the fixing of the spacer device 6 on the wall 1). Then, when the object 3 is fixed to the spacer device 6, an opening is inserted first and around the threaded rod 50 'of the fastening system 5'. or that comprises a part associated with this object 3 to be fixed and, then, a nut 51 'is screwed onto the threaded rod 50', in order to fix this object 3 on the spacer device 6.

Claims

Spacer device (6) for a device (4) for attaching an object (3) to a wall (1) covered with an insulation layer (2), characterized in that the device spacer (6) is made of a thermal insulating material and comprises:  - a front face (60) intended to be oriented towards the wall (1);  - a rear face (61) intended to be oriented towards the object (3) to be fixed;  at least one lateral side (62) intended to be oriented towards the insulation layer (2);  at least one axial opening (63), extending from the front face (60) and at least towards the rear face (61), and intended to internally receive a fixing member (5) that includes the fastening device (4);  - Internally, at least one pipe (64) opening on the one hand, at the rear face (61) of the spacer device (6) and, on the other hand, at at least one lateral side (62) of this spacer device (6), this pipe (64) being intended to receive a thermal insulating filler material (9).  2. Device spacer (6) according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipe (64) comprises at least one peripheral channel (640), opening at at least one lateral side (62) of the device d spacer (6), and extending over at least a portion of at least one such lateral side (62). 3. Spacer device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipe (64) comprises at least one axial channel (641), opening at the face. rear (61) of the spacer device (6), and communicating with at least one peripheral channel (640).  4. Device spacer (6) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spacer device (6) comprises at least one transverse channel (642) communicating with the axial opening (63) and with at least one pipe (64), more particularly with a peripheral channel (640) and / or with an axial channel (641) that includes such a pipe (64).  5. Device spacer (6) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises means (65) for anchoring the spacer device (6) inside the layer of insulation (2).  6. Spacer device (6) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it adopts the shape of a cylinder, in particular of revolution.  7. Device spacer (6) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial opening (63) extends between the front face (60) and the rear face (61), crosses the spacer device (6), and is intended to be traversed by the fixing member (5), which comprises the fixing device (4), and which is designed to fix the object (3) on the wall (1).  8. Device spacer (6) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that:  the axial opening (63) is intended to internally receive the fastening member (5), which is provided by the fixing device (4), and which is designed to fix the spacer device (6) on the wall ( 1); it comprises, again, at least one additional axial opening (63 '), extending from the rear face (61) and at least towards the front face (60), and intended to receive internally a system of fastener (5 '), which comprises the fixing device (4), and which is designed to fix the object (3) on the spacer device (6). Fastening device (4) of an object (3) on a wall (1) covered with an insulating layer (2), said fastening device (4) comprising at least one fastening member (5), made of a thermal insulating material, and intended to be housed inside the wall (1), characterized in that it also comprises a spacer device (6), according to any one of the preceding claims, receiving internally the fixing member (5), and intended to be positioned in an opening (20) that comprises the insulation layer (2).  Fastening device (4) according to claim 9, characterized in that, on the one hand, the axial opening (63) extends between the front face (60) and the rear face (61), and passes through the spacer device (6) and, on the other hand, the spacer device (6) is traversed axially by the fastener (5), which is adapted to secure the object ( 3) on the wall (1), which passes axially through the axial opening (63), and which is constituted either by a screw or by a rod (50) at least partially threaded and completed by a nut (51) .  11. Fastening device (4) according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that, firstly, the axial opening (63) is at least partly threaded and, secondly, the fixing member (5) is designed to secure the spacer device (6) to the wall (1) and is constituted by a rod (50) at least partially threaded cooperating with the thread. Fastening device (4) according to claim 9, characterized in that, on the one hand, the fastening member (5) is adapted to fasten the spacer device (6) to the wall ( 1) and is constituted by a screw having a head and a rod at least partly threaded, respectively by a rod (50) at least partially threaded and completed by a nut (51) and, secondly, the opening axial section (63) comprises an axial duct (630), opening at the front face (60) and traversed by the threaded rod (50) of the body fixing device (5), as well as an axial housing (631) located in the extension of the axial duct (630), opening at the rear face (61), and receiving the head of the screw, respectively 1 'nut (51).  13. Fastening device (4) according to any one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that, on the one hand, the spacer device (6) further comprises at least one additional axial opening (63). '), extending from the rear face (61) and at least towards the front face (60), and on the other hand, the fixing device (4) further comprises a fixing system (5 '), which is adapted to fix the object (3) on the spacer device (6), which extends at least partly inside the additional axial opening (63'), and which comprises at least one rod (50 ') at least partially threaded.  Fastening device (4) according to claim 13, characterized in that, on the one hand, the additional axial opening (63 ') comprises an additional axial duct (630') and is completed by a lateral opening ( 631 '), communicating with this additional axial duct (630'), and opening at at least one lateral side (62) of the spacer device (6) and, secondly, the fastening system (5). ') comprises a nut (52') housed in the lateral opening (631 ') and a threaded rod (50') which extends inside the additional axial opening (63 '), which cooperates with said nut (52 '), and either comprises a screw constituting part of this fastening system (5'), or which is completed by another nut (51 ') to form part of this fastening system ( 5 '). 15. Fastening device (4) according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that, in a configuration in which the fastening device (4) ensures the attachment of an object (3) on a wall (1), this fixing device (4) comprises, at least internally, a filling material (9) thermal insulation at least contained within at least one channel (64), or even contained in the axial opening (63) and / or protruding at the periphery of the spacer device (6) and contained in a spacing defined between this spacer device (6) and the insulation layer (2).  16. Fastening device (4) according to any one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that it comprises means (7) for compensating for a lack of flatness of the wall (1) and / or a defect of aligning the rear face (61) of the spacer device (6) with the outer surface (21) of the insulation layer (2) and / or a difference between the thickness of the insulation layer (2) and the length of the spacer device (6).  17. Method for fixing an object (3) on a wall (1) covered with an insulation layer (2), characterized in that:  an opening (20) is cut in the insulation layer (2);  the wall (1) is drilled behind the opening (20) in the insulation layer (2);  a fixing member (5), which comprises a fastening device (4) according to any one of claims 9 to 16, is housed inside the bore of the wall (1) and a positioning device is positioned spacer (6) provided with this fixing device (4), this inside the opening (20) in the insulation layer (2);  a thermal insulating filler material (9) is introduced at least inside at least one pipe (64) that comprises the spacer device (6);  - Fixing the object (3) to be fixed on the fixing member (5) and / or on the spacer device (6).  18. Fastening method according to claim 17, characterized in that after cutting an opening (20) in the insulation layer (2), the spacer device (6) is positioned inside the opening (20), and piercing the wall (1) through the spacer device (6).