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EP2488618B1 - Use of an engine lubricant - Google Patents

Use of an engine lubricant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2488618B1
EP2488618B1 EP10771215.0A EP10771215A EP2488618B1 EP 2488618 B1 EP2488618 B1 EP 2488618B1 EP 10771215 A EP10771215 A EP 10771215A EP 2488618 B1 EP2488618 B1 EP 2488618B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oils
vehicles
hybrid
engines
engine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10771215.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2488618A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Paul Souchez
Alain Bouffet
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TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
Original Assignee
Total Marketing Services SA
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Publication of EP2488618A1 publication Critical patent/EP2488618A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/68—Esters
    • C10M129/76—Esters containing free hydroxy or carboxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/252—Diesel engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the lubrication of hybrid vehicle engines, particularly heavy-duty vehicles with hybrid engines.
  • Hybrid drive systems overcome these disadvantages by implementing an electric motor and an internal combustion engine in series or in parallel.
  • a special feature of hybrid systems is the "stop-start” system. The vehicle starts in electric mode, then goes into thermal mode as soon as the speed increases, and vice versa. The engine is stopped at each stop of the vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine of hybrid vehicles undergoes, during its life, a number of stops and starts much higher than in a conventional vehicle. This potentially generates, for the internal combustion engines of hybrid vehicles, specific wear problems, in particular in the long term.
  • WO2008 / 067259 discloses a lubricating composition
  • a base oil and the condensation product of a dicarboxylic acid compound with a dialkoxy or diol substitution, and a C6 to C12 alcohol.
  • US4820431 discloses a lubricating composition for a railway diesel engine, comprising a base oil, a dispersant, an overbased phenolate, an alkyl sulfonate and a polyhydroxy compound.
  • US2008 / 090741 discloses a lubricating composition
  • a lubricating composition comprising a base oil, an overbased detergent and a weakly basic detergent, with a salt to metal ratio of 3 to 8.
  • Requirement GB 2454349 discloses a method of heating the lubricating oil of diesel engines of hybrid vehicles, in order to avoid cold start problems and power loss due to friction. This system requires an ancillary device, and goes against the observations made in test.
  • the subject of the present invention is the use of a kinematic viscosity motor oil at 100 ° C. according to ASTM D445 of between 16 and 27 cSt, comprising between 0.5 and 10% by weight of at least one ester ( at) selected from glycerol mono- or dioleate, mono- or di-stearate or glycerol mono or di isostearate, for reducing the wear of bearings in internal combustion engines of vehicles with hybrid engines, whose maximum torque, measured between 1000 and 3000 rpm, is greater than 1000 Nm
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of the engine oil used according to the invention is between 16.9 and 21.9 cSt.
  • the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the engine oil used according to the invention, measured according to the ASTM D445 standard, is between 21.9 and 26.1 cSt.
  • the internal combustion engines lubricated according to the invention are diesel engines.
  • the hybrid heavy-vehicle vehicles whose internal combustion engine is lubricated according to the invention are parallel hybrids.
  • the use of an engine oil according to the invention aims to reduce the wear of internal combustion engines.
  • an oil according to the invention is made on vehicles that operate according to the urban cycle ETC defined by the European Directive 1999/96 / EC.
  • the lubricating composition described in the application as filed furthermore comprises: (b) from 5 to 20% by weight of an additive composition for engine lubricant comprising one or more detergent additives, one or more dispersing additives, one or more antioxidant additives, preferably amino or phenolic additives, one or more antiwear additives, preferentially chosen; among the zinc dithiophosphates.
  • an additive composition for engine lubricant comprising one or more detergent additives, one or more dispersing additives, one or more antioxidant additives, preferably amino or phenolic additives, one or more antiwear additives, preferentially chosen; among the zinc dithiophosphates.
  • Heavy-duty vehicles typically have a payload of more than 3.5 tonnes.
  • the engines that equip them are, for both conventional vehicles and for hybrid vehicles, four-stroke engines, most often diesel, which have power characteristics, and especially high torque.
  • the heavy-duty engines have a speed of between 800 and 3000 revolutions / min.
  • the maximum or plateau of the power and torque curves is obtained between 1000 and 3000 rpm, most often between 1000 and 1700 rpm.
  • the maximum torque is generally obtained around 1200 revolutions / minute
  • the present invention relates to the lubrication of internal combustion engines of vehicles with hybrid engines, said internal combustion engines having a maximum torque (measured between 1000 and 3000 rpm), greater than 1000 Nm, preferably greater than 1500, or at 1700, or at 2000 Nm
  • These engines preferentially develop maximum powers (between 1000 and 3000 revolutions / minute) greater than 300 horses, preferably greater than 320, preferably greater than 350, or 450, or even 500, or about 600 horses and beyond.
  • said internal combustion engines are diesel engines.
  • vehicles with hybrid powertrain are parallel hybrid vehicles.
  • the power or torque characteristics referred to herein refer to net power or net torque as defined in SAE J 1349.
  • the present invention more preferably relates to the lubrication of internal combustion engines of heavy goods vehicles equipped with hybrid systems circulating in an urban environment, where the stop / start phenomenon and the resulting wear are increased.
  • ETC cycle European Transient Cycle
  • FIGE European Directive 1999/96 / EC of 13 December 1999.
  • the first part of the cycle (from 0 to 600 s) characterizes urban functioning. This part of the cycle will be referred to as the "ETC Urban Cycle”.
  • the motor oils used according to the present invention comprise one or more base oils, generally representing at least 70% by weight of said motor oils, and up to 85% or 90% by weight and more.
  • the base oil (s) used in the engine oils according to the present invention may be oils of mineral or synthetic origin of groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) as summarized. below, alone or mixed.
  • oils may be oils of vegetable, animal or mineral origin.
  • the mineral base oils used according to the invention include all types of bases obtained by atmospheric distillation and vacuum of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, desalphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreating, hydrocracking and hydroisomerization. , hydrofinishing.
  • the base oils of the compositions used according to the present invention may also be synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, or polyalphaolefins.
  • the polyo-olefins used as base oils for example, are obtained from monomers having from 4 to 32 carbon atoms (for example octene, decene), and a viscosity at 100 ° C of between 1.5 and 15 Cst. Their weight average molecular weight is typically between 250 and 3000.
  • Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils may also be employed, for example when formulating multigrade oils to avoid cold start problems.
  • a viscosity index (VI) improving polymer which makes it possible to guarantee a good cold performance and a minimum viscosity at high temperature
  • a viscosity index (VI) improving polymer such as, for example, polymeric esters, olefins copolymers (OCP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA).
  • the motor oils used according to the present invention may contain from about 0.0 to 20%, or from 5 to 15%, or from 7 to 10% by weight of VI improvers, for example selected from polymeric esters, olefins copolymers (OCP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA).
  • VI improvers for example selected from polymeric esters, olefins copolymers (OCP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA).
  • the engine oils used according to the invention preferably have a viscosity index value or VI, measured according to ASTM D2270 greater than 130, preferably greater than 140, preferably greater than 150.
  • compositions used according to the present invention there is no limitation to the use of any particular base oil (and optionally VI improving polymer) for making the compositions used according to the present invention, except that their quantity and nature must be adjusted.
  • a sufficiently viscous viscosity grade i.e. a kinematic viscosity (KV100) at 100 ° C according to ASTM D445, of between 16 and 27 cSt.
  • the motor oils used according to the invention are preferably of grade 50 or 60 according to the SAEJ300 classification, that is to say that their kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. according to ASTM D445 is preferably between 16.9 and 21.9 cSt. or between 21.9 and 26.1 cSt.
  • the motor oils used according to the invention are multigrade oils, of 20W grade, preferably 15W grade according to the SAEJ classification, ie their dynamic viscosity (CCS) according to ASTM D5293 is less than 9500 mPa.s. at -15 ° C, preferably below 7000 mPa.s at -20 ° C.
  • CCS dynamic viscosity
  • the motor oils used in the invention comprise at least one hydroxylated ester
  • oils used according to the invention comprise between 0.5 and 10% by weight, preferably between 1 and 7% by weight, or between 2 and 5% by weight of such esters (a).
  • level of antiwear additive oils used according to the invention may be identical to that of conventional oils for internal combustion engine heavy vehicles.
  • the engine oils used according to the invention may further contain any type of additives suitable for use as engine oil, particularly heavy-duty engine.
  • additives may be introduced individually and / or included in packages of additives used in commercial four-stroke engine lubricant formulations, with performance levels as defined by ACEA (Association of European Automobile Manufacturers) and / or the API (American Petroleum Institute), for example respectively ACEA E9 and API CJ-4 well known to those skilled in the art.
  • ACEA Association of European Automobile Manufacturers
  • API American Petroleum Institute
  • compositions used according to the invention may contain, in particular and without limitation, anti-wear and extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, overbased or non-overbased detergents, pour point improvers, dispersants, antifoam, thickeners. ...
  • the anti-wear and extreme pressure additives protect the friction surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these surfaces.
  • the most commonly used is Zinc di thiophosphate or DTPZn. This category also contains various phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine and boron compounds.
  • anti-wear additives there is a wide variety of anti-wear additives, but the most used category in motor oils is that of phospho-sulfur-containing additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or DTPZn.
  • the preferred compounds have the formula Zn ((SP (S) (OR 1) (OR 2)) 2, or R 1 and R 2 are alkyl groups, preferably containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and DTPZn is typically present at in the range of 0.1 to 2% by weight in the motor oils.
  • Amine phosphates, polysulfides, especially sulfur olefins, are also commonly used anti-wear additives.
  • the anti-wear and extreme pressure additives are generally present in the compositions for heavy-duty engine lubricants at contents of between 0.5 and 6%, preferably between 0.7 and 2%, preferably between 1 and 1.5% by weight. .
  • Antioxidants delay the degradation of oils in service, which can result in the formation of deposits, the presence of sludge, or an increase in the viscosity of the oil. They act as free radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides.
  • antioxidants commonly used are the antioxidants of the phenolic type, amines.
  • Phenolic anoxidants may be ashless, or may be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts. Typically, they are compounds containing a sterically hindered hydroxyl group, for example when 2 hydroxyl groups are in the o or p position of each other, or when the phenol is substituted with an alkyl group containing at least 6 carbon atoms. .
  • Amino compounds are another class of antioxidants that can be used alone or possibly in combination with phenolics.
  • Typical examples are aromatic amines, of formula R 8 R 9 R 10 N, where R 8 is an aliphatic group, or an optionally substituted aromatic group, R 9 is an optionally substituted aromatic group, R 10 is hydrogen, or an alkyl or aryl group, or a group of the formula R 11 S (O) x R 12 , where R 11 is an alkylene, alkenylene, or aralkylene group, and x is 0, 1 or 2.
  • Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts are also used as antioxidants.
  • antioxidants are that of oil-soluble copper compounds, for example copper thio or dithiophosphate, copper and carboxylic acid salts, copper dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, acetylacetonates. Copper salts I and II, succinic acid or anhydride are used.
  • These compounds are typically present in lubricating compositions for engine weight lords in amounts of between 0.1 and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.3 and 2% by weight, even more preferably between 0, 5 and 1.5% by weight.
  • Detergents reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving the secondary products of oxidation and combustion, and allow the neutralization of certain acidic impurities from combustion and found in the oil.
  • the detergents commonly used in the formulation of lubricating compositions are typically anionic compounds having a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head.
  • the associated cation is typically a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
  • the detergents are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulphonates, salicylates and naphthenates, as well as the salts of phenates, preferably of calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
  • metal salts may contain the metal in an approximately stoichiometric amount or in excess (in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount). In the latter case, we are dealing with so-called overbased detergents.
  • the excess metal providing the overbased detergent character is in the form of oil-insoluble metal salts, for example carbonate, hydroxide, oxalate, acetate, glutamate, preferably carbonate, preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
  • the lubricant compositions used according to the present invention may contain any type of detergent known to those skilled in the art, neutral or overbased.
  • the more or less overbased character of the detergents is characterized by the BN (base number), measured according to the ASTM D2896 standard, and expressed in mg of KOH per gram.
  • Neutral detergents have a BN between about 0 and 80.
  • the overbased detergents they BN values typically of the order of 150 and more, or 250 or 450 or more.
  • the BN of the lubricant composition containing detergents is measured by ASTM D2896 and expressed as mg KOH per gram of lubricant.
  • the amounts of detergents included in the motor oils used according to the invention are adjusted so that the BN of said oils, measured according to ASTM D2896, is between 5 and less than or equal to 20 mg of KOH per gram. of motor oil, preferably between 8 and 15 to mg of KOH per gram of engine oil
  • Pour point depressant additives improve the cold behavior of oils by slowing the formation of paraffin crystals. They are, for example, alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylsphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrene, etc. They are generally present in the oils used according to the invention at contents of between 0.1 and 0.5% by weight. weight.
  • Dispersants such as succinimides, PIB (polyisobutene) succinimides, Mannich bases ensure the maintenance in suspension and evacuation of insoluble solid contaminants formed by the secondary oxidation products that are formed when the engine oil is in use.
  • the dispersant level is typically relatively higher in heavy-duty engine oils than in light-duty engine oils, mainly due to longer oil change intervals. It is typically between 4 and 10% by weight, preferably between 4.5 and 7% by weight.
  • the system tested includes a 6-cylinder diesel engine with a maximum torque of 1200 Nm from 1200 to 1700 rpm. It is a hybrid type parallel and includes a starter alterno between the clutch and the gearbox of the vehicle.
  • the engine oil is around 100 ° C in these tests.
  • the wear is followed by a usual technique of radiotracers, consisting of irradiating the surface of the bearings whose wear is to be tested, and measuring at the end of the test the radioactivity of the engine oil, which contains proportionally irradiated metal particles. to wear the parts in question.
  • Oil A is a 10W30 commercial grade heavy duty engine oil formulated with an ACEA E9 performance lighter engine oil additive package.
  • Oils B and C contain the same additivation but are of grade respectively 15W50 and 20W50.
  • the oil D is an oil according to the invention, which also contains the same additivation and is grade 15W50.
  • Tests with the reference oil A showed a high wear rate, corroborated by visual observations (wear on 40% of the surface of the first bearing).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Description

Domaine technique : Technical field :

La présente invention est relative à la lubrification de moteurs de véhicules hybrides, particulièrement de véhicules poids lourds dotés de moteurs hybrides.The present invention relates to the lubrication of hybrid vehicle engines, particularly heavy-duty vehicles with hybrid engines.

Arrière plan technique : Technical background :

Les préoccupations environnementales et la recherche d'économies sur les ressources en énergies fossiles ont conduit au développement de véhicules à moteur électriques. Toutefois, ces derniers sont limités en puissance, en autonomie, et nécessitent un très long temps de rechargement des batteries.Environmental concerns and the search for savings on fossil fuel resources have led to the development of electric motor vehicles. However, the latter are limited in power, autonomy, and require a very long battery recharging time.

Les systèmes de motorisation hybrides remédient à ces inconvénients en mettant en oeuvre un moteur électrique et un moteur à combustion interne en série ou en parallèle. Une particularité des systèmes hybrides est le système « stop-start ». Le véhicule démarre en mode électrique, puis passe en mode thermique dès que la vitesse augmente, et inversement. Le moteur thermique est arrêté à chaque arrêt du véhicule.Hybrid drive systems overcome these disadvantages by implementing an electric motor and an internal combustion engine in series or in parallel. A special feature of hybrid systems is the "stop-start" system. The vehicle starts in electric mode, then goes into thermal mode as soon as the speed increases, and vice versa. The engine is stopped at each stop of the vehicle.

Ainsi, le moteur à combustion interne des véhicules hybrides subit, au cours de sa durée de vie, un nombre d'arrêts et de démarrages beaucoup plus importants que dans un véhicule classique. Ceci engendre potentiellement, pour les moteurs à combustion interne des véhicules hybrides, des problèmes d'usure spécifiques, en particulier sur le long terme.Thus, the internal combustion engine of hybrid vehicles undergoes, during its life, a number of stops and starts much higher than in a conventional vehicle. This potentially generates, for the internal combustion engines of hybrid vehicles, specific wear problems, in particular in the long term.

La majorité des véhicules hybrides actuellement en service sont des véhicules légers de tourisme, qui fonctionnent sous faible charge et ne sont pas destinés à un usage long terme (kilométrage élevé).The majority of hybrid vehicles currently in service are passenger light duty vehicles, which operate under light load and are not intended for long-term use (high mileage).

En revanche, les problèmes de durabilité liés au système stop and start seront particulièrement sensibles pour des véhicules hybrides poids lourds : ces véhicules sont destinés à un usage intensif et appelés à faire un kilométrage élevé, et leur moteur fonctionne sous forte charge.On the other hand, the sustainability problems related to the stop and start system will be particularly sensitive for hybrid heavy-duty vehicles: these vehicles are intended for intensive use and called for high mileage, and their engines operate under heavy load.

Ce phénomène sera plus particulièrement crucial pour les véhicules hybrides poids lourds amenés à circuler essentiellement en milieu urbain, par exemple ceux destinés aux livraisons, au ramassage des ordures ou aux transports en communs. On estime qu'un moteur à combustion interne de bus hybride connaîtra environ 2 millions de démarrage pendant sa durée de vie, contre quelques dizaine de milliers pour un bus à motorisation classique, ce qui va solliciter beaucoup plus fortement certaines pièces mécaniques.This phenomenon will be particularly crucial for heavy-vehicle hybrid vehicles driven mainly in urban areas, for example those intended for deliveries, garbage collection or public transport. It is estimated that an internal combustion engine hybrid bus will experience about 2 million startup during its lifetime, against a few tens of thousands for a classic bus engine, which will solicit much more mechanical parts.

Des essais ont été réalisés sur des systèmes hybrides moteur électrique / moteur diesel poids lourds, simulant le fonctionnement de tels véhicule poids lourd. Ces essais ont montré que les moteurs à combustion subissent une usure très importante au niveau des paliers, qui compromet complètement le fonctionnement du véhicule en service. L'optimisation des cycles de fonctionnement du moteur, notamment au niveau des rampes de montée en régime, de la durée des arrêts du moteur, n'a pas permis de réduire ce phénomène.Tests have been carried out on hybrid electric motor / heavy-duty diesel engine systems, simulating the operation of such heavy vehicle vehicles. These tests have shown that the combustion engines undergo a very important wear on the bearings, which completely compromises the operation of the vehicle in service. The optimization of the engine operating cycles, particularly at ramp up ramps, the duration of the engine stops, did not reduce this phenomenon.

Il a en revanche été constaté qu'en essai, l'abaissement de la température de l'huile de 100 à 40 °C permet de réduire quelque peu l'usure des paliers. Cette solution, mise en oeuvre sur banc d'essai est toutefois irréaliste en service, et ne permet de toutes façons pas de réduire l'usure à un niveau acceptable. Les essais mentionnés ci dessus étaient réalisés avec des moteurs lubrifiés avec une huile moteur commerciale de grade 10W30 selon la classification SAE J 300.On the other hand, it has been found that, in testing, the lowering of the oil temperature from 100 to 40 ° C makes it possible to reduce the wear of the bearings somewhat. This solution, implemented on a test bench is however unrealistic in use, and does not allow anyway to reduce wear to an acceptable level. The tests mentioned above were carried out with engines lubricated with a commercial grade 10W30 engine oil according to the SAE J 300 classification.

WO2008/067259 décrit une composition lubrifiante comprenant une huile de base et le produit de condensation d'un compose diacide carboxylique avec une substitution dialkoxy ou diol, et d'un alcool en C6 à C12. WO2008 / 067259 discloses a lubricating composition comprising a base oil and the condensation product of a dicarboxylic acid compound with a dialkoxy or diol substitution, and a C6 to C12 alcohol.

US4820431 décrit une composition lubrifiante pour moteur diesel de chemin de fer, comprenant une huile de base, un dispersant, un phenolate surbaasé, un alkyl sulfonate et un composé polyhydroxylé. US4820431 discloses a lubricating composition for a railway diesel engine, comprising a base oil, a dispersant, an overbased phenolate, an alkyl sulfonate and a polyhydroxy compound.

US2008/090741 décrit une composition lubrifiante comprenant une huile de base, un détergent surbasé et un détergent faiblement basique, avec un ratio sel sur métal compris entre 3 et 8. US2008 / 090741 discloses a lubricating composition comprising a base oil, an overbased detergent and a weakly basic detergent, with a salt to metal ratio of 3 to 8.

Il existe très peu d'art antérieur sur les problèmes spécifiques de lubrification des moteurs hybrides. La demande GB 2454349 divulgue une méthode de chauffage de l'huile lubrifiante des moteurs diesel de véhicules hybrides, dans le but d'éviter les problèmes de démarrage à froid et la perte de puissance due aux frictions. Ce système nécessite un dispositif annexe, et va à l'encontre des observations faites en essai.There is very little prior art on the specific problems of lubrication of hybrid engines. Requirement GB 2454349 discloses a method of heating the lubricating oil of diesel engines of hybrid vehicles, in order to avoid cold start problems and power loss due to friction. This system requires an ancillary device, and goes against the observations made in test.

Il existe donc un besoin pour le développement de lubrifiants permettant un fonctionnement fiable des moteurs à combustion interne des véhicules poids lourds à motorisation hybride, et en particulier susceptibles de réduire l'usure dans lesdits moteurs à combustion interne.There is therefore a need for the development of lubricants for reliable operation of internal combustion engines of hybrid-powered heavy-duty vehicles, and in particular likely to reduce wear in said internal combustion engines.

De façon surprenante, la demanderesse a constaté que l'utilisation, dans les moteurs à combustion interne de véhicules poids lourds équipés d'un système hybride, de compositions lubrifiantes de grade visqueux et comprenant certains modificateurs de friction organiques permettaient de diminuer considérablement l'usure des paliers sur lesdits moteurs, ce qui rend possible leur mise en service en conditions réelles.Surprisingly, the Applicant has found that the use in internal combustion engines of heavy-vehicle vehicles equipped with a hybrid system, viscous grade lubricating compositions and including some organic friction modifiers allowed to significantly reduce wear bearings on said motors, which makes possible their commissioning in real conditions.

Résumé de l'invention : Summary of the invention

La présente invention a pour objet l'utilisation d'une huile moteur de viscosité cinématique à 100 °C selon la norme ASTM D445 comprise entre 16 et 27 cSt, comprenant entre 0,5 et 10% en poids d'au moins un ester (a) choisi parmi le mono ou di oléate de glycérol, le mono ou di stéarate ou le mono ou di isostéarate de glycérol, pour réduire l'usure des paliers dans les moteurs à combustion interne des véhicules à motorisations hybrides, dont le couple maximum, mesuré entre 1000 et 3000 tours/minute, est supérieur à 1000 N.m.The subject of the present invention is the use of a kinematic viscosity motor oil at 100 ° C. according to ASTM D445 of between 16 and 27 cSt, comprising between 0.5 and 10% by weight of at least one ester ( at) selected from glycerol mono- or dioleate, mono- or di-stearate or glycerol mono or di isostearate, for reducing the wear of bearings in internal combustion engines of vehicles with hybrid engines, whose maximum torque, measured between 1000 and 3000 rpm, is greater than 1000 Nm

Selon un mode de réalisation, la viscosité cinématique à 100 °C de l'huile moteur utilisée selon l'invention, mesurée selon la norme ASTM D445, est comprise entre 16,9 et 21,9 cSt.According to one embodiment, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of the engine oil used according to the invention, measured according to ASTM D445, is between 16.9 and 21.9 cSt.

Selon un autre mode de réalisation, la viscosité cinématique à 100 °C de l'huile moteur utilisée selon l'invention, mesurée selon la norme ASTM D445, est comprise entre 21,9 et 26,1 cSt.According to another embodiment, the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the engine oil used according to the invention, measured according to the ASTM D445 standard, is between 21.9 and 26.1 cSt.

Préférentiellement, les moteurs à combustion interne lubrifiés selon l'invention sont des moteurs Diesel.Preferably, the internal combustion engines lubricated according to the invention are diesel engines.

Préférentiellement, les véhicules poids lourds hybrides dont le moteur à combustion interne est lubrifié selon l'invention, sont des hybrides parallèles.Preferably, the hybrid heavy-vehicle vehicles whose internal combustion engine is lubricated according to the invention, are parallel hybrids.

L'utilisation d'une huile moteur selon l'invention a pour objet de réduire l'usure des moteurs à combustion interne.The use of an engine oil according to the invention aims to reduce the wear of internal combustion engines.

Préférentiellement, l'Utilisation d'une huile selon l'invention est faite sur des véhicules qui fonctionnent selon le cycle urbain ETC défini par la directive européenne 1999/96/EC.Preferably, the use of an oil according to the invention is made on vehicles that operate according to the urban cycle ETC defined by the European Directive 1999/96 / EC.

La demande telle que déposée décrit également une composition lubrifiante pour moteur à combustion interne de véhicule hybride de couple maximum supérieur à 1000 N.m entre 1000 et 3000 tours minutes , dont la viscosité cinématique à 100 °C mesurée selon la norme ASTM D445 est comprise entre 16 et 27 cSt, et comprenant :

  • (a) de 0,5 à 10 % en poids d'au moins un ester de formule R(OH)m(COOR'(OH)p)n dans laquelle m est un nombre entier de 0 à 8, de préférence de 1 à 4, n est un nombre entier de 1 à 8, de préférence de 1 à 4 et p est un nombre entier de 0 à 8, de préférence de 1 à 4 et où la somme p+m est strictement supérieure à zéro, R et R' représentent indépendamment l'un de l'autre un groupe hydrocarboné linéaire ou ramifié, saturé ou insaturé, éventuellement substitué par un ou plusieurs groupements aromatiques, et comportant de 1 à 30 atomes de carbone, et/ ou ses dérivés boratés
  • (c) de 70 à 90 % d'une ou plusieurs huiles de base minérales, synthétiques ou naturelles.
The application as filed also discloses a hybrid vehicle internal combustion engine lubricating composition of maximum torque greater than 1000 Nm between 1000 and 3000 rpm, whose kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C measured according to ASTM D445 is between 16 and 27 cSt, and including:
  • (a) from 0.5 to 10% by weight of at least one ester of formula R (OH) m (COOR '(OH) p ) n in which m is an integer of 0 to 8, preferably 1 at 4, n is an integer from 1 to 8, preferably from 1 to 4 and p is an integer from 0 to 8, preferably from 1 to 4 and where the sum p + m is strictly greater than zero, R and R 'represent, independently of one another, a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group optionally substituted with one or more aromatic groups and containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and / or its borated derivatives
  • (c) from 70 to 90% of one or more mineral, synthetic or natural base oils.

Préférentiellement, la composition lubrifiante décrite dans la demande telle que déposée comprend en outre :
(b) de 5 à 20% en poids d'une composition additive pour lubrifiant moteur comprenant un ou plusieurs additifs détergents, un ou plusieurs additifs dispersants, un ou plusieurs additifs antioxydants, préférentiellement aminés ou phénoliques, un ou plusieurs additifs antiusure, préférentiellement choisi parmi les dithiophosphates de zinc.Preferably, the lubricating composition described in the application as filed furthermore comprises:
(b) from 5 to 20% by weight of an additive composition for engine lubricant comprising one or more detergent additives, one or more dispersing additives, one or more antioxidant additives, preferably amino or phenolic additives, one or more antiwear additives, preferentially chosen; among the zinc dithiophosphates.

Description détaillée de modes de réalisationDetailed description of embodiments 1) Les moteurs à combustion interne de véhicules poids lourds hybrides1) Internal combustion engines of hybrid heavy vehicles

La présente invention a pour objet la lubrification des moteurs à combustion interne des véhicules poids lourds équipés de système hybrides, en particulier ceux destinés à circuler majoritairement en milieu urbain, tels que les utilitaires de livraison, les camions poubelle ou les véhicules affectés aux transports en commun. On entend ici par véhicule hybrides les véhicules associant un moteur à combustion interne à un moteur électrique, préférentiellement les systèmes où ces deux moteurs sont associées en parallèle, dits véhicules hybrides parallèles. Le principe de fonctionnement de ces véhicules est le suivant:

  • lors des phases stationnaires (où le véhicule est immobile), les deux moteurs sont à l'arrêt,
  • au démarrage, c'est le moteur électrique qui assure la mise en mouvement de la voiture, jusqu'à des vitesses plus élevées (25 ou 30 km/h),
  • lorsque des vitesses plus élevées sont atteintes, le moteur thermique prend le relais,
  • en cas de grande accélération, on observe la mise en marche des deux moteurs à la fois, qui permet d'avoir des accélérations équivalentes au moteur de même puissance, voire supérieures,
  • Optionnellement, en phase de décélération et de freinage, l'énergie cinétique est utilisée pour recharger les batteries.
The subject of the present invention is the lubrication of the internal combustion engines of heavy goods vehicles equipped with hybrid systems, in particular those intended to circulate mainly in urban areas, such as delivery utilities, garbage trucks or vehicles used for transporting goods. common. The term hybrid vehicle here means vehicles associating an internal combustion engine with an electric motor, preferably the systems where these two motors are associated in parallel, called parallel hybrid vehicles. The operating principle of these vehicles is as follows:
  • during stationary phases (where the vehicle is stationary), both engines are stopped,
  • at the start, it is the electric motor which ensures the setting in motion of the car, up to higher speeds (25 or 30 km / h),
  • when higher speeds are reached, the heat engine takes over,
  • in case of great acceleration, we observe the start of the two engines at a time, which allows to have accelerations equivalent to the engine of the same power, or even higher,
  • Optionally, in the deceleration and braking phase, the kinetic energy is used to recharge the batteries.

Ainsi, dans les véhicules hybrides, le moteur à combustion interne subit, au cours de sa durée de vie, un nombre d'arrêts et de démarrages beaucoup plus importants que dans un véhicule classique (phénomène de « stop and start »).Thus, in hybrid vehicles, the internal combustion engine undergoes, during its lifetime, a number of stops and starts much higher than in a conventional vehicle (phenomenon of "stop and start").

Dans les motorisations classiques (non hybrides), les phénomènes d'usure sont déjà connus pour être plus sévères sur les poids lourds que sur les véhicules légers. Les poids lourds fonctionnent sous forte charge, et la pression sur les pistons est plus forte. Ils tournent également à plus bas régime et appuient plus longuement sur les coussinets de bielle. Ces véhicules sont également destinés à une longue durée d'utilisation, d'où une usure plus forte des pièces.In conventional (non-hybrid) engines, wear phenomena are already known to be more severe on heavy goods vehicles than on light vehicles. The trucks operate under heavy load, and the pressure on the pistons is stronger. They also turn at lower revs and support longer the rod bearings. These vehicles are also intended for a long period of use, resulting in greater wear and tear on parts.

Dans les véhicules hybrides poids lourds, l'usure spécifique liée au phénomène de stop and start se superpose à ces facteurs préexistants, ce qui rend impossible l'utilisation, pour leurs moteurs à combustion, des huiles moteurs commerciales classiques utilisées dans les véhicules poids lourds.In heavy-duty hybrid vehicles, the specific wear associated with the stop and start phenomenon is superimposed on these pre-existing factors, which makes it impossible for their combustion engines to use conventional commercial engine oils used in heavy goods vehicles. .

Les véhicules poids lourds ont typiquement une charge utile supérieure à 3,5 tonnes. Les moteurs qui les équipent sont, aussi bien pour les véhicules classiques que pour les véhicules hybrides, des moteurs quatre temps, le plus souvent Diesel, qui présentent des caractéristiques de puissance, et surtout de couple élevé.Heavy-duty vehicles typically have a payload of more than 3.5 tonnes. The engines that equip them are, for both conventional vehicles and for hybrid vehicles, four-stroke engines, most often diesel, which have power characteristics, and especially high torque.

Les constructeurs caractérisent classiquement leurs moteurs par la puissance maximale développée (soit le maximum ou le plateau de la courbe Puissance (en chevaux ou kW) vs régime (tours /min ou Rad/s)), et par le couple maximum (soit le maximum ou le plateau de la courbe Couple (en N.m) vs régime (tours /min ou Rad/s)).Manufacturers typically characterize their engines by the maximum power developed (ie the maximum or the plateau of the Power curve (in horsepower or kW) vs rpm (revolutions / min or Rad / s)), and by the maximum torque (ie the maximum or the plateau of the Torque curve (in Nm) vs rpm (revolutions / min or Rad / s)).

Les moteurs poids lourds ont un régime compris entre 800 et 3000 tours/min. Le maximum ou plateau des courbes de puissance et de couple est obtenu entre 1000 et 3000 tours/min, le plus souvent entre 1000 et 1700 tours minutes. Pour les moteurs Diesel, le couple maximum est en général obtenu autours de 1200 tours/minuteThe heavy-duty engines have a speed of between 800 and 3000 revolutions / min. The maximum or plateau of the power and torque curves is obtained between 1000 and 3000 rpm, most often between 1000 and 1700 rpm. For diesel engines, the maximum torque is generally obtained around 1200 revolutions / minute

La présente invention est relative à la lubrification de moteurs à combustion interne des véhicules à motorisations hybrides, lesdits moteurs à combustion interne ayant un couple maximum (mesuré entre 1000 et 3000 tours minutes), supérieur à 1000 N.m, préférentiellement supérieur à 1500, ou encore à 1700, ou encore à 2000 N.m.The present invention relates to the lubrication of internal combustion engines of vehicles with hybrid engines, said internal combustion engines having a maximum torque (measured between 1000 and 3000 rpm), greater than 1000 Nm, preferably greater than 1500, or at 1700, or at 2000 Nm

Ces moteurs développent préférentiellement des puissances maximales (entre 1000 et 3000 tours/minute) supérieures à 300 chevaux, préférentiellement supérieure à 320, préférentiellement supérieure à 350, ou encore à 450, ou encore à 500, ou encore de l'ordre de 600 chevaux et au delà.These engines preferentially develop maximum powers (between 1000 and 3000 revolutions / minute) greater than 300 horses, preferably greater than 320, preferably greater than 350, or 450, or even 500, or about 600 horses and beyond.

Selon un mode préféré, lesdits moteurs à combustion interne sont des moteurs Diesel.According to a preferred embodiment, said internal combustion engines are diesel engines.

Préférentiellement, les véhicules à motorisation hybride sont des véhicules hybrides parallèles.Preferentially, vehicles with hybrid powertrain are parallel hybrid vehicles.

Les caractéristiques de puissance ou de couple auxquelles il est ici fait référence s'entendent en puissance nette ou couple net, tels que définis dans la norme SAE J 1349.The power or torque characteristics referred to herein refer to net power or net torque as defined in SAE J 1349.

La présente invention vise plus préférentiellement la lubrification des moteurs à combustion interne des véhicules poids lourds équipés de système hybrides circulant en milieu urbain, où le phénomène stop/start et l'usure résultante sont accrus.The present invention more preferably relates to the lubrication of internal combustion engines of heavy goods vehicles equipped with hybrid systems circulating in an urban environment, where the stop / start phenomenon and the resulting wear are increased.

Le fonctionnement urbain, périurbain et sur autoroute des moteurs poids lourds est caractérisé dans le cycle ETC (European Transient Cycle), encore appelé cycle « FIGE », tel que défini par la directive européenne 1999/96/EC du 13 décembre 1999. La première partie du cycle (de 0 à 600 s), caractérise le fonctionnement urbain. On désignera cette partie du cycle par « cycle urbain ETC ».The urban, peri-urban and motorway operation of heavy-duty engines is characterized in the ETC cycle (European Transient Cycle), also called the "FIGE" cycle, as defined by the European Directive 1999/96 / EC of 13 December 1999. The first part of the cycle (from 0 to 600 s) characterizes urban functioning. This part of the cycle will be referred to as the "ETC Urban Cycle".

2) Huiles de base ou mélange d'huiles de base (c), polymères améliorant de VI2) Base oils or mixture of base oils (c), VI improving polymers

Les huiles moteur utilisées selon la présente invention comprennent une ou plusieurs huiles de base, représentant généralement au moins 70 % en poids desdites huiles moteur, et pouvant aller jusqu'à 85 % ou 90% en poids et plus.The motor oils used according to the present invention comprise one or more base oils, generally representing at least 70% by weight of said motor oils, and up to 85% or 90% by weight and more.

La ou les huiles de base utilisées dans les huiles moteur selon la présente invention peuvent être des huiles d'origine minérales ou synthétiques des groupes I à V selon les classes définies dans la classification API (ou leurs équivalents selon la classification ATIEL) telle que résumée ci-dessous, seules ou en mélange. Teneur en saturés Teneur en soufre Indice de viscosité Groupe I Huiles minérales < 90 % > 0.03 % 80 ≤ VI < 120 Groupe II Huiles hydrocraquées ≥ 90 % ≤ 0.03 % 80 ≤ VI < 120 Groupe III Huiles hydrocraquées ou hydro-isomérisées ≥ 90 % ≤ 0.03 % ≥ 120 Groupe IV PAO Polyalphaoléfines Groupe V Esters et autres bases non incluses dans bases groupes I à IV The base oil (s) used in the engine oils according to the present invention may be oils of mineral or synthetic origin of groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATIEL classification) as summarized. below, alone or mixed. Saturated content Sulfur content Viscosity index Group I Mineral oils <90% > 0.03% 80 ≤ VI <120 Group II Hydrocracked oils ≥ 90% ≤ 0.03% 80 ≤ VI <120 Group III Hydrocracked or hydro-isomerized oils ≥ 90% ≤ 0.03% ≥ 120 Group IV PAO Polyalphaolefines Group V Esters and other bases not included in groups I to IV

Ces huiles peuvent être des huiles d'origine végétale, animale, ou minérales. Les huiles de base minérales utilisées selon l'invention incluent tous types de bases obtenues par distillation atmosphérique et sous vide du pétrole brut, suivies d'opérations de raffinage tels qu'extraction au solvant, désalphatage, déparaffinage au solvant, hydrotraitement, hydrocraquage et hydroisomérisation, hydrofinition.These oils may be oils of vegetable, animal or mineral origin. The mineral base oils used according to the invention include all types of bases obtained by atmospheric distillation and vacuum of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, desalphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreating, hydrocracking and hydroisomerization. , hydrofinishing.

Les huiles de bases des compositions utilisées selon la présente invention peuvent également être des huiles synthétiques, tels certains esters d'acides carboxyliques et d'alcools, ou des polyalphaoléfines. Les polyoaplphaléfines utilisées comme huiles de base, sont par exemple obtenues à partir de monomères ayant de 4 à 32 atomes de carbone (par exemple octène, decène), et une viscosité à 100°C comprise entre 1,5 et 15 Cst. Leur masse moléculaire moyenne en poids est typiquement comprise entre 250 et 3000.The base oils of the compositions used according to the present invention may also be synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, or polyalphaolefins. The polyo-olefins used as base oils, for example, are obtained from monomers having from 4 to 32 carbon atoms (for example octene, decene), and a viscosity at 100 ° C of between 1.5 and 15 Cst. Their weight average molecular weight is typically between 250 and 3000.

Des mélanges d'huiles synthétiques et minérales peuvent également être employés, par exemple lorsqu'on formule des huiles multigrades permettant d'éviter les problèmes de démarrage à froid.Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils may also be employed, for example when formulating multigrade oils to avoid cold start problems.

Pour formuler des huiles multigrades de grade visqueux à chaud (grade 50 ou 60), il est souvent également judicieux d'inclure dans la formulation un polymère améliorant d'indice de viscosité (VI), qui permettent de garantir une bonne tenue à froid et une viscosité minimale à haute température, tels que par exemple les Esters polymères, les Oléfines Copolymères (OCP), les homopolymères ou copolymères du styrène, du butadiène ou de l'isoprène, les polyméthacrylates (PMA).To formulate multi-grade oils with a viscous grade when hot (grade 50 or 60), it is often also wise to include in the formulation a viscosity index (VI) improving polymer, which makes it possible to guarantee a good cold performance and a minimum viscosity at high temperature, such as, for example, polymeric esters, olefins copolymers (OCP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA).

Les huiles moteur utilisées selon la présente invention peuvent contenir de l'ordre de 0,0 à 20 %, ou encore de 5 à 15 % , ou de 7 à 10 % en poids de polymères améliorants de VI, par exemple
choisis parmi les Esters polymères, les Oléfines Copolymères (OCP), les homopolymères ou copolymères du styrène, du butadiène ou de l'isoprène, les polyméthacrylates (PMA).The motor oils used according to the present invention may contain from about 0.0 to 20%, or from 5 to 15%, or from 7 to 10% by weight of VI improvers, for example
selected from polymeric esters, olefins copolymers (OCP), homopolymers or copolymers of styrene, butadiene or isoprene, polymethacrylates (PMA).

Préférentiellement, les huiles moteur utilisées selon l'invention ont préférentiellement une valeurs d'indice de viscosité ou VI, mesuré selon ASTM D2270 supérieur à 130, préférentiellement supérieur à 140, préférentiellement supérieur à 150.Preferably, the engine oils used according to the invention preferably have a viscosity index value or VI, measured according to ASTM D2270 greater than 130, preferably greater than 140, preferably greater than 150.

Il n'y a aucune limitation à l'emploi de tel ou tel huile de base (et éventuellement polymère améliorant de VI) pour réaliser les compositions utilisées selon la présente invention, si ce n'est que leur quantité et leur nature doivent être ajustées de façon à obtenir des compositions ayant un grade de viscosité suffisamment visqueux, c'est-à-dire une viscosité cinématique (KV100) à 100 °C selon ASTM D445, comprise entre 16 et 27 cSt. Les huiles moteur utilisées selon l'invention sont préférentiellement de grade 50 ou 60 selon la classification SAEJ300, c'est-à-dire que leur viscosité cinématique à 100 °C selon ASTM D445 est préférentiellement comprise entre 16,9 et 21,9 cSt ou entre 21,9 et 26,1 cSt.There is no limitation to the use of any particular base oil (and optionally VI improving polymer) for making the compositions used according to the present invention, except that their quantity and nature must be adjusted. to obtain compositions having a sufficiently viscous viscosity grade, i.e. a kinematic viscosity (KV100) at 100 ° C according to ASTM D445, of between 16 and 27 cSt. The motor oils used according to the invention are preferably of grade 50 or 60 according to the SAEJ300 classification, that is to say that their kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. according to ASTM D445 is preferably between 16.9 and 21.9 cSt. or between 21.9 and 26.1 cSt.

Préférentiellement, les huiles moteur utilisées selon l'invention sont des huiles multigrades, de grade 20W, préférentiellement de grade 15W selon la classification SAEJ, c'est à dire que leur viscosité dynamique (CCS) selon ASTM D5293 est inférieure à 9500 mPa.s à - 15°C, préférentiellement inférieure à 7000 mPa.s à -20°C.Preferably, the motor oils used according to the invention are multigrade oils, of 20W grade, preferably 15W grade according to the SAEJ classification, ie their dynamic viscosity (CCS) according to ASTM D5293 is less than 9500 mPa.s. at -15 ° C, preferably below 7000 mPa.s at -20 ° C.

3) Esters hydroxylés (a)3) Hydroxyl esters (a)

Les huiles moteurs utilisées dans l'invention comprennent au moins un ester hydroxyléThe motor oils used in the invention comprise at least one hydroxylated ester

Les huiles utilisées selon l'invention comprennent entre 0,5 et 10% en poids, préférentiellement entre 1 et 7% en poids, ou encore entre 2 et 5% en poids de tels esters (a).The oils used according to the invention comprise between 0.5 and 10% by weight, preferably between 1 and 7% by weight, or between 2 and 5% by weight of such esters (a).

De façon surprenante, la demanderesse a mis en évidence que l'emploi de ces composés, dans une huile moteur de grade visqueux (grade SAE 50 et 60 par exemple), permet de réduire considérablement l'usure des paliers ou coussinet de bielle sur les moteurs de poids lourds hybrides, qui se situent, avec les huiles conventionnelles de grade 30, à un niveau qui ne permet pas le fonctionnement fiable du moteur. L'usure des organes de distribution est également réduite.Surprisingly, the applicant has demonstrated that the use of these compounds in a viscous grade motor oil (grade SAE 50 and 60 for example), can significantly reduce the wear bearings or rod bearing on the Hybrid heavy-duty engines, which are, with conventional grade 30 oils, at a level that does not allow the reliable operation of the engine. The wear of the dispensing members is also reduced.

Il est connu que les paliers fonctionnent en régime de lubrification hydrobdynamique (film d'huile complet). L'emploi d'huiles moteur de grade visqueux a pour effet d'augmenter l'épaisseur du film d'huile, ce qui contribue à maintenir ce régime de lubrification, même dans des conditions de fonctionnement sévères.It is known that the bearings operate in hydrobdynamic lubrication regime (complete oil film). The use of viscous grade motor oils has the effect of increasing the thickness of the oil film, which helps to maintain this lubrication regime, even under severe operating conditions.

L'effet de protection supplémentaire observé par l'emploi de modificateurs de friction organiques dans les huiles utilisées selon l'invention est d'autant plus surprenant que ces composés, qui
forment des couches d'adsoprtion structurées à la surface des pièces, sont connus pour agir essentiellement en régime de lubrification mixte ou limite.The additional protective effect observed by the use of organic friction modifiers in the oils used according to the invention is all the more surprising since these compounds, which
form adsorptive layers structured on the surface of the parts, are known to act essentially in mixed or limited lubrication regime.

Il est également à noter que le taux d'additif anti usure des huiles utilisées selon l'invention peut être identique à celui des huiles conventionnelles pour moteur à combustion interne poids lourds.It should also be noted that the level of antiwear additive oils used according to the invention may be identical to that of conventional oils for internal combustion engine heavy vehicles.

4) Autres additifs4) Other additives

Les huiles moteurs utilisées selon l'invention peuvent en outre contenir tous type d'additifs adaptés à une utilisation comme huile moteur, particulièrement moteur poids lourds. Ces additifs peuvent être introduits isolément et/ou inclus dans des paquets d'additifs utilisés dans les formulations des lubrifiants commerciaux pour moteurs quatre temps, de niveaux de performance tels que définis par l'ACEA (Association des constructeurs Européens d'Automobiles) et/ou l'API (American Petroleum Institute), par exemple respectivement ACEA E9 et API CJ-4 bien connus de l'homme du métier. Ces paquets d'additifs (ou compositions additives) sont des concentrés comportant environ 30% en poids d'huile de base de dilution.The engine oils used according to the invention may further contain any type of additives suitable for use as engine oil, particularly heavy-duty engine. These additives may be introduced individually and / or included in packages of additives used in commercial four-stroke engine lubricant formulations, with performance levels as defined by ACEA (Association of European Automobile Manufacturers) and / or the API (American Petroleum Institute), for example respectively ACEA E9 and API CJ-4 well known to those skilled in the art. These additive packages (or additive compositions) are concentrates comprising about 30% by weight of dilution base oil.

Ainsi, les compositions utilisées selon l'invention peuvent contenir notamment et non limitativement des additifs anti-usure et extrême pression, des antioxydants, des détergents surbasés ou non, des améliorants de point d'écoulement, des dispersants, des anti mousse, des épaississants...Thus, the compositions used according to the invention may contain, in particular and without limitation, anti-wear and extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, overbased or non-overbased detergents, pour point improvers, dispersants, antifoam, thickeners. ...

Les additifs anti-usure et extrême pression protègent les surfaces en frottement par formation d'un film protecteur adsorbé sur ces surfaces. Le plus couramment utilisé est le di thiophosphate de Zinc ou DTPZn. On trouve également dans cette catégorie divers composés phosphorés, soufrés, azotés, chlorés et borés. The anti-wear and extreme pressure additives protect the friction surfaces by forming a protective film adsorbed on these surfaces. The most commonly used is Zinc di thiophosphate or DTPZn. This category also contains various phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine and boron compounds.

Il existe une grande variété d'additifs anti usure, mais la catégorie la plus utilisée dans les huiles pour moteur est celle des additifs phospho soufrés comme les alkylthiophosphates métalliques, en particulier les alkylthiophosphates de Zinc, et plus spécifiquement les dialkyldithiophosphates de Zinc ou DTPZn. Les composés préférés sont de formule Zn((SP(S)(OR1)(OR2))2, ou R1 et R2 sont des groupements alkyl , comportant préférentiellement de 1 à 18 atomes de carbones. Le DTPZn est typiquement présent à des teneurs de l'ordre de 0,1 à 2% en poids dans les huiles moteur.There is a wide variety of anti-wear additives, but the most used category in motor oils is that of phospho-sulfur-containing additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or DTPZn. The preferred compounds have the formula Zn ((SP (S) (OR 1) (OR 2)) 2, or R 1 and R 2 are alkyl groups, preferably containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and DTPZn is typically present at in the range of 0.1 to 2% by weight in the motor oils.

Les phosphates d'amines, les polysulfures, notamment oléfines soufrées, sont également des additifs anti usure employés couramment.Amine phosphates, polysulfides, especially sulfur olefins, are also commonly used anti-wear additives.

Les additifs anti usure et extrême pression sont généralement présents dans les compositions pour lubrifiants moteur poids lourds à des teneurs comprises entre 0,5 et 6%, préférentiellement comprises entre 0,7 et 2%, préférentiellement entre 1 et 1,5% en poids.The anti-wear and extreme pressure additives are generally present in the compositions for heavy-duty engine lubricants at contents of between 0.5 and 6%, preferably between 0.7 and 2%, preferably between 1 and 1.5% by weight. .

Les antioxydants retardent la dégradation des huiles en service, dégradation qui peut se traduire par la formation de dépôts, la présence de boues, ou une augmentation de la viscosité de l'huile. Ils agissent comme inhibiteurs radicalaires ou destructeurs d'hydroperoxydes. Parmi les antioxydants couramment employés on trouve les antioxydants de type phénolique, aminés. Antioxidants delay the degradation of oils in service, which can result in the formation of deposits, the presence of sludge, or an increase in the viscosity of the oil. They act as free radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides. Among the antioxidants commonly used are the antioxidants of the phenolic type, amines.

Les anioxydants phénoliques peuvent être sans cendre, ou bien être sous forme de sels métalliques neutres ou basiques. Typiquement, ce sont des composés contenant un groupement hydroxyle stériquement encombré, par exemple lorsque 2 groupements hydroxyles sont en position o ou p l'un de l'autre, ou que le phénol est substitué par un groupe alkyl comportant au moins 6 atomes de carbone.Phenolic anoxidants may be ashless, or may be in the form of neutral or basic metal salts. Typically, they are compounds containing a sterically hindered hydroxyl group, for example when 2 hydroxyl groups are in the o or p position of each other, or when the phenol is substituted with an alkyl group containing at least 6 carbon atoms. .

Les composés aminés sont une autre classe d'antioxydants pouvant être utilisés,seuls ou éventuellement en combinaison avec les phénoliques. Des exemples typiques sont les amines aromatiques, de formule R8R9R10N, où R8 est un groupement aliphatique, ou un groupement aromatique éventuellement substitué, R9 est un groupement aromatique éventuellement substitué, R10 est l'hydrogène, ou un groupement alkyl ou aryl, ou un groupement de formule R11S(O)xR12, où R11 est un groupe alkylène, alkenylène, ou aralkylène, et x est égal à 0, 1 ou 2.Amino compounds are another class of antioxidants that can be used alone or possibly in combination with phenolics. Typical examples are aromatic amines, of formula R 8 R 9 R 10 N, where R 8 is an aliphatic group, or an optionally substituted aromatic group, R 9 is an optionally substituted aromatic group, R 10 is hydrogen, or an alkyl or aryl group, or a group of the formula R 11 S (O) x R 12 , where R 11 is an alkylene, alkenylene, or aralkylene group, and x is 0, 1 or 2.

Des alkyl phenols sulphurisés ou leurs sels de métaux alcalins et alcalino terreux sont également utilisés comme antioxydants.Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts are also used as antioxidants.

Une autre classe d'antioxydants est celle des composés cuivrés solubles dans l'huile, par exemples les thio ou dithiophosphates de cuivre, les sels de cuivre et d'acides carboxyliques, les dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, acetylacetonates de cuivre. Les sels de Cuivre I et II, d'acide ou d'anhydride succiniques sont utilisés.Another class of antioxidants is that of oil-soluble copper compounds, for example copper thio or dithiophosphate, copper and carboxylic acid salts, copper dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, acetylacetonates. Copper salts I and II, succinic acid or anhydride are used.

Ces composés, seuls ou en mélange, sont typiquement présents dans les compositions lubrifiantes pour moteur poids lords dans des quantités comprises entre 0,1 et 5% en poids, préférentiellement entre 0,3 et 2% en poids, encore plus préférentiellement entre 0,5 et 1,5% en poids.These compounds, alone or as a mixture, are typically present in lubricating compositions for engine weight lords in amounts of between 0.1 and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.3 and 2% by weight, even more preferably between 0, 5 and 1.5% by weight.

Les détergents réduisent la formation de dépôts à la surface des pièces métalliques par dissolution des produits secondaires d'oxydation et de combustion, et permettent la neutralisation de certaines impuretés acides provenant de la combustion et se retrouvant dans l'huile. Detergents reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving the secondary products of oxidation and combustion, and allow the neutralization of certain acidic impurities from combustion and found in the oil.

Les détergents communément utilisés dans la formulation de compositions lubrifiantes sont typiquement des composés anioniques comportant une longue chaîne hydrocarbonée lipophile et une tête hydrophile. Le cation associé est typiquement un cation métallique d'un métal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux.The detergents commonly used in the formulation of lubricating compositions are typically anionic compounds having a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head. The associated cation is typically a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.

Les détergents sont préférentiellement choisis parmi les sels de métaux alcalins ou alcalino-terreux d'acides carboxyliques, sulfonates, salicylates, naphténates, ainsi que les sels de phénates, préférentiellement de calcium, magnésium, sodium ou baryum.The detergents are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulphonates, salicylates and naphthenates, as well as the salts of phenates, preferably of calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.

Ces sels métalliques peuvent contenir le métal en quantité approximativement stoechiométrique ou bien en excès (en quantité supérieure à la quantité stoechiométrique). Dans ce dernier cas, on a affaire à des détergents dits surbasés.These metal salts may contain the metal in an approximately stoichiometric amount or in excess (in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount). In the latter case, we are dealing with so-called overbased detergents.

Le métal en excès apportant le caractère surbasé au détergent se présente sous la forme de sels métalliques insolubles dans l'huile, par exemple carbonate, hydroxyde, oxalate, acétate, glutamate, préférentiellement carbonate, préférentiellement de calcium, magnésium, sodium ou baryum.The excess metal providing the overbased detergent character is in the form of oil-insoluble metal salts, for example carbonate, hydroxide, oxalate, acetate, glutamate, preferably carbonate, preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.

Les compositions lubrifiantes utilisées selon la présente invention peuvent contenir tous types de détergents connus de l'homme du métier, neutres ou bien surbasés. Le caractère plus ou moins surbasé des détergents est caractérisé par le BN (base number), mesuré selon la norme ASTM D2896, et exprimés en mg de KOH par gramme. Les détergents neutres ont un BN compris environ entre 0 et 80. Les détergents surbasés ont, eux, des valeurs de BN typiquement de l'ordre de 150 et plus, voire 250 ou 450 ou plus. Le BN de la composition lubrifiante contenant les détergents est mesuré par la norme ASTM D2896 et exprimé en mg de KOH par gramme de lubrifiant.The lubricant compositions used according to the present invention may contain any type of detergent known to those skilled in the art, neutral or overbased. The more or less overbased character of the detergents is characterized by the BN (base number), measured according to the ASTM D2896 standard, and expressed in mg of KOH per gram. Neutral detergents have a BN between about 0 and 80. The overbased detergents, they BN values typically of the order of 150 and more, or 250 or 450 or more. The BN of the lubricant composition containing detergents is measured by ASTM D2896 and expressed as mg KOH per gram of lubricant.

Préférentiellement, les quantités de détergents inclus dans les huiles moteur utilisées selon l'invention sont ajustées de manière à ce que le BN desdites huiles, mesuré selon la norme ASTM D2896, soit compris entre 5 et inférieur ou égal à 20 mg de KOH par gramme d'huile moteur, préférentiellement entre 8 et 15 à mg de KOH par gramme d'huile moteurPreferably, the amounts of detergents included in the motor oils used according to the invention are adjusted so that the BN of said oils, measured according to ASTM D2896, is between 5 and less than or equal to 20 mg of KOH per gram. of motor oil, preferably between 8 and 15 to mg of KOH per gram of engine oil

Les additifs abaisseurs de point d'écoulement améliorent le comportement à froid des huiles, en ralentissant la formation de cristaux de paraffine. Ce sont par exemple des Polyméthacrylates d'alkyle, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylsphénols, polyalkylnaphtalènes, polystyrène alkylé....Ils sont généralement présent dans les huiles utilisées selon l'invention à des teneurs comprises entre 0,1 et 0,5% en poids. Pour point depressant additives improve the cold behavior of oils by slowing the formation of paraffin crystals. They are, for example, alkyl polymethacrylates, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylsphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrene, etc. They are generally present in the oils used according to the invention at contents of between 0.1 and 0.5% by weight. weight.

Les dispersants comme par exemples succinimides, PIB (polyisobutène) succinimides, Bases de Mannich assurent le maintien en suspension et l'évacuation des contaminants solides insolubles constitués par les produits secondaires d'oxydation qui se forment lorsque l'huile moteur est en service. Le taux de dispersant est typiquement relativement plus élevé dans les huiles moteurs poids lourds que dans les huiles de moteurs pour véhicules légers, principalement en raison d'intervalles de vidange allongés. Il est typiquement compris entre 4 et 10% en poids, préférentiellement entre 4,5 et 7% en poids. Dispersants such as succinimides, PIB (polyisobutene) succinimides, Mannich bases ensure the maintenance in suspension and evacuation of insoluble solid contaminants formed by the secondary oxidation products that are formed when the engine oil is in use. The dispersant level is typically relatively higher in heavy-duty engine oils than in light-duty engine oils, mainly due to longer oil change intervals. It is typically between 4 and 10% by weight, preferably between 4.5 and 7% by weight.

ExemplesExamples

On a simulé le fonctionnement d'un système hybride par un essai consistant en une succession pendant 500 heures (15000 cycles) de :

  • démarrages
  • Fonctionnement avec alternance d'accélération et de ralentissement
  • descente au ralenti
  • 5 secondes de ralenti
  • arrêt
The operation of a hybrid system was simulated by a test consisting of a succession of 500 hours (15000 cycles) of:
  • starts
  • Operation with alternating acceleration and deceleration
  • slow descent
  • 5 seconds slow motion
  • stop

Le système testé comprend un moteur diesel 6 cylindres de couple maximum 1200 N.m de 1200 à 1700 tours/min. Il est de type hybride parallèle et comprend un alterno démarreur entre l'embrayage et la boite de vitesse du véhicule. L'huile moteur est aux environs de 100°C dans ces essais. L'usure est suivie par une technique usuelle de radiotraceurs, consistant à irradier la surface des paliers dont on veut tester l'usure, et à mesurer en fin d'essai la radioactivité de l'huile moteur, qui contient des particules métalliques irradiées proportionnellement à l'usure des pièces en question.The system tested includes a 6-cylinder diesel engine with a maximum torque of 1200 Nm from 1200 to 1700 rpm. It is a hybrid type parallel and includes a starter alterno between the clutch and the gearbox of the vehicle. The engine oil is around 100 ° C in these tests. The wear is followed by a usual technique of radiotracers, consisting of irradiating the surface of the bearings whose wear is to be tested, and measuring at the end of the test the radioactivity of the engine oil, which contains proportionally irradiated metal particles. to wear the parts in question.

L'huile A est une huile de référence commerciale pour moteur poids lourds, de grade 10W30, formulée avec un paquet d'additif pour huile moteur poids lords de niveau de performance ACEA E9. Les huiles B et C contiennent la même additivation mais sont de grade respectivement 15W50 et 20W50. L'huile D est une huile selon l'invention, qui contient également la même additivation et est de grade 15W50.Oil A is a 10W30 commercial grade heavy duty engine oil formulated with an ACEA E9 performance lighter engine oil additive package. Oils B and C contain the same additivation but are of grade respectively 15W50 and 20W50. The oil D is an oil according to the invention, which also contains the same additivation and is grade 15W50.

Les compositions massiques et propriétés des huiles testées sont regroupées dans le tableau ci-dessous : A B C D Huile de base* 79 % 74,3% 74,3% 72,3 Package additif 16,9 % 16,5% 16,5 % 16,5 % OCP 3,9 % 9,0 % 9,0 % 9,0% Abaisseur de point d'écoulement 0,2 % 0,2% 0,2% 0,2% Ester hydroxylé (a) - - - 2,0% KV100, cSt ASTM D445 11,80 cSt 19,99 cSt 19,80 cSt 19,08cSt CCS(-15 °C), cP ASTM D5293 - 4720 - - CCS(-20 °C), cP ASTM D5293 - - 6100 6200 CCS (-25°C), cP ASTM D5293 6200 - - - Grade SAE 10W30 20W50 15W50 15W50 * hors huile de base de dilution du paquet d'additifs The mass compositions and properties of the oils tested are grouped in the table below: AT B VS D Base oil * 79% 74.3% 74.3% 72.3 Additive package 16.9% 16.5% 16.5% 16.5% OCP 3.9% 9.0% 9.0% 9.0% Pour point depressant 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% Hydroxyl ester (a) - - - 2.0% KV100, cSt ASTM D445 11.80 cSt 19.99 cSt 19.80 cSt 19,08cSt CCS (-15 ° C), cP ASTM D5293 - 4720 - - CCS (-20 ° C), cP ASTM D5293 - - 6100 6200 CCS (-25 ° C), cP ASTM D5293 6200 - - - SAE grade 10W30 20W50 15W50 15W50 * excluding base oil dilution of the additive package

Le package additif est identique pour les huiles A, B, C et D : c'est un package classique pour huiles moteur diesel poids lourds (niveau de performance ACEA E9), comprenant :

  • - des dispersants
  • - des détergents
  • - -des antioxydants
  • - des antiusure de type dithiophosphate de zinc (ZnDDPs).
The additive package is identical for oils A, B, C and D: it is a classic package for diesel engine oils (ACEA E9 performance level), including:
  • - dispersants
  • - detergents
  • - Antioxidants
  • antiperspirants of zinc dithiophosphate type (ZnDDPs).

Il est à noter qu'aucun anti usure supplémentaire n'a été ajouté dans l'huile D selon l'invention. Le taux d'antiusure de l'huiles D est identique (légèrement inférieur) à celui de la référence.It should be noted that no additional antiwear has been added in the oil D according to the invention. The antiwear rate of the D oils is identical (slightly lower) than that of the reference.

Les essais avec l'huile de référence A ont montré un taux d'usure important, corroboré par des observations visuelles (usure sur 40 % de la surface du premier palier).Tests with the reference oil A showed a high wear rate, corroborated by visual observations (wear on 40% of the surface of the first bearing).

L'utilisation de grade visqueux (grade SAE 50) pour les huiles B et C a permis de réduire de 25 % l'usure des paliers par rapport à la référence, et l'introduction de modificateurs de frottement dans l'huile D selon l'invention a permis un abaissement supplémentaire de 17%. L'usure des organes de distribution tels que les cames est également réduite de 50% avec l'huile D.The use of viscous grade (grade SAE 50) for oils B and C reduced bearing wear by 25% compared to the reference, and the introduction of friction modifiers in oil D The invention has allowed an additional 17% lowering. The wear of the distribution members such as the cams is also reduced by 50% with the oil D.

Claims (6)

  1. Use of an engine oil, having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C according to standard ASTM D445 of 16 to 27 cSt, comprising 0.5 to 10 wt% of at least one ester (a) selected from glycerol mono- or di-oleate, glycerol mono- or di-stearate or glycerol mono- or di-isostearate, for reducing wear of the bearings in internal combustion engines of vehicles with hybrid engines, the maximum torque of which, measured between 1000 and 3000 rpm, is higher than 1000 N·m.
  2. Use according to claim 1 wherein the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the engine oil, measured according to ASTM D445, is comprised between 16.9 and 21.9 cSt.
  3. Use according to claim 1 wherein the kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the engine oil, measured according to ASTM D445, is comprised between 21.9 and 26.1 cSt.
  4. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the internal combustion engines are diesel engines.
  5. Use according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the hybrid heavy vehicles are parallel hybrids.
  6. Use according to one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the vehicles operate according to the ETC urban cycle defined by European Directive 1999/96/EC.
EP10771215.0A 2009-10-16 2010-10-15 Use of an engine lubricant Active EP2488618B1 (en)

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FR2983867B1 (en) 2011-12-09 2014-08-22 Total Raffinage Marketing ENGINE LUBRICANT FOR HYBRID OR MICRO-HYBRID MOTOR VEHICLES
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FR2951456A1 (en) 2011-04-22
WO2011045773A1 (en) 2011-04-21

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