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EP1929134A1 - Dispositif permettant d'eliminer des composants nocifs des gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne - Google Patents

Dispositif permettant d'eliminer des composants nocifs des gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne

Info

Publication number
EP1929134A1
EP1929134A1 EP06805300A EP06805300A EP1929134A1 EP 1929134 A1 EP1929134 A1 EP 1929134A1 EP 06805300 A EP06805300 A EP 06805300A EP 06805300 A EP06805300 A EP 06805300A EP 1929134 A1 EP1929134 A1 EP 1929134A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing
outlet
coated
partially
oxide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06805300A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Nibbrig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1929134A1 publication Critical patent/EP1929134A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0835—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F01N3/2828—Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/04—Combinations of different methods of purification afterburning and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/06—Combinations of different methods of purification afterburning and filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/06—Ceramic, e.g. monoliths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/12—Metallic wire mesh fabric or knitting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/14—Sintered material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/20—Plastics, e.g. polymers, polyester, polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2330/00—Structure of catalyst support or particle filter
    • F01N2330/22—Metal foam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0226—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • F01N3/0228—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being made of foamed rubber or plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2832—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support granular, e.g. pellets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2835—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support fibrous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N3/2853—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for removing harmful components from exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, in particular of diesel engines.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • exhaust gas is generally taken from the exhaust manifold via an exhaust gas recirculation valve and the charge air (fresh gas) mixed in, thereby lowering the combustion temperature and, in response thereto, reducing the proportion of NO x. Since the oxygen content in the exhaust gas also decreases, can not at optimum setting, the levels of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and soot increase.
  • SCR Selective Catalytic Reduction
  • nitrogen oxides are reduced to nitrogen on a suitable catalyst in the presence of ammonia.
  • Ammonia is obtained in the catalyst system from urea, which is always carry in the form of an aqueous solution with the motor vehicle and metered in the required amounts.
  • the aqueous urea solution is mixed, for example, in a manner known from WO 96/36797 A1 with compressed air in a mixing chamber and injected into the exhaust gas stream via an atomizer nozzle arranged in the exhaust gas stream.
  • SCR catalysts are generally based on one element from the group Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Au, Ag and Ru. Details of the use of SCR catalysts can be found, inter alia, also in DE 197 49 607 C1, DE 103 48 799 A1 and DE 102 57 113 A1.
  • the temperature is not so high that filtered soot particles, even when present on a suitable catalyst surface, are burned immediately.
  • the accumulated soot particles have to be periodically burned.
  • the temperature required for burning soot with the oxygen from the exhaust gas is approximately 500 to 600 ° C.
  • a temporary increase in temperature can be achieved by injecting an additive, for example a cerium additive, as described in DE 100 20 170 C1 described be performed. Although the soot content can be markedly lowered in this way, additive residues in the filter system still remain to a not inconsiderable extent.
  • Such a discontinuous regeneration can also be effected by connecting an oxidation catalyst to which unsaturated or unburned hydrocarbons are fed, ie by post-injection (see also DE 103 21 105 A1).
  • DE 101 03 771 A1 proposes collecting soot particles and hydrocarbons on the surface of an oxidation catalyst, so that an increase in temperature to 450 ° C. would suffice. to eliminate the mentioned residues. This temperature can be brought about by external heating according to DE 101 03 771 Al.
  • DE 197 48 561 A1 discloses for this purpose an electric heating element.
  • the continuous regeneration of particle filters can be carried out according to the so-called CRT method (continuous regeneration trap), as described in DE 199 55 324 A1 and DE 103 21 105 A1. Thereafter, the particle filter in the exhaust pipe upstream of an oxidation catalyst which oxidizes the nitrogen oxide NO contained in the exhaust gas to nitrogen dioxide, which is then used for the oxidation of carbon monoxide or carbon black.
  • CRT method continuous regeneration trap
  • Suitable soot particle filters are regularly produced according to DE 103 48 799 A1 from a high-temperature oxide ceramic or silicon carbide.
  • the present invention therefore an object of the invention to provide a device for the removal of pollutants from internal combustion engines, which is not subject to the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular the continuous combustion of filtered soot particles allows, without, for example, the continuous or periodic addition of additives or fuel needs.
  • a device for eliminating harmful components, in particular soot, from exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, in particular of diesel engines found comprising a first housing, suitable for passing exhaust gases, with at least one inlet and at least one outlet and containing a front, middle and at least one inlet, in particular in the front region, and at least one outlet, in particular in the rear region, is present, wherein in the front region at least a first structure containing a plurality of contiguous cavities at least partially, in particular completely completeness, the cross section of the first housing - dig, covering what is arranged in the housing in any order, in particular one after the other, follow: at least one second, the cross-section of the first housing at least partially, in particular completely, covering structure containing a plurality of contiguous cavities containing at least a first metal oxide and / or at least partially coated therewith, at least one third, the cross-section of the first housing at least partially, in particular completely, covering structure containing a plurality of contiguous cavities, the at least one catalyst for the
  • At least a first, at least one second, at least one third and at least one fourth structure are present in the first housing in the direction from the inlet to the outlet, in this order.
  • the first housing of the device according to the invention is preferably a silicon carbide housing or coated on the inner wall with silicon carbide. Although it is already sufficient if the inner wall of the first housing is coated to more than 50% with silicon carbide, but preferably such housing are used, the inner wall is completely or almost completely coated with silicon carbide. To protect against damage, the first housing may also have an outer sheath made of metal. This metal outer sheath is preferably made of, in particular coated, zinc sheet or steel, in particular Cr / Ni steel.
  • Silicon carbide in the context of the present invention should in particular also comprise carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C / SiC). Carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide It has extremely good thermal conductivity and is characterized by high thermal shock resistance. Also, density and porosity can be adjusted according to needs during manufacture. Details relating to this can be found, for example, in DE 198 58 197 A1.
  • the silicon carbide used according to the invention preferably also comprises such silicon carbide, the additions of inorganic binders, in particular clay, zirconium zirconate, zirconium dioxide and / or alumina, and / or organic binders, in particular in the form of an additive to carbon black, which are added to the manufacturing process can, contains.
  • inorganic binders in particular clay, zirconium zirconate, zirconium dioxide and / or alumina
  • organic binders in particular in the form of an additive to carbon black, which are added to the manufacturing process can, contains.
  • Suitable Siliziumcarbidform manipulate can be obtained for example from a Schlickervorcut. This may be e.g. to act an aqueous dispersion, in addition to silicon carbide, preferably ground, additives to organic binders such as carbon black, inorganic binders such as clay and optionally containing surfactants.
  • Suitable clay binders include e.g. Kaolinite, halloysite, serpentine, muscovite, mit, talc, vermiculite, montmorillonite, beidelite, smectite, saponite and hectorite.
  • various synthetic or semisynthetic polymers are also suitable as organic binders, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyrate, cellulose or cellulose derivatives and, in particular, starch products as described in DE 44 00 131 A1.
  • the silicon carbide molding can here u.a. via slip casting, film casting, die casting or extrusion.
  • the aqueous slip dispersion is poured into a plaster mold from which, after the dispersion water has been taken up by the plaster mold, the Siliziumcarbidrohmasse is removed and fed to a sintering process.
  • the organic or inorganic binders within the Siliziumcarbidform stressess often form a substantially contiguous, the moldings again reinforcing structure.
  • the coating material of the first housing or the housing material is preferably substantially equipped with open pores.
  • the housing or inner coating, in particular containing porous silicon carbide helps to prevent deposits.
  • a housing wall configured in this manner contributes to the observed beneficial flow characteristics.
  • Help in the construction of the devices according to the invention is further that the first housing described above, in particular those containing silicon carbide, show little or no thermal expansion and are therefore extremely dimensionally stable.
  • first structure is preferably used materials and moldings, as they are known from the Porenbreimertechnik. These are mostly structures with spatially contiguous cavities over which a defined flame zone can form.
  • these pore burner structures can be used to precisely set the desired flow profile over a wide range. Embodiments of such known pore burners can be found e.g. in US 5,522,723, WO 95/01532, DE 199 39 951 A1 and DE 199 04 921 C2.
  • Suitable porous pore-burning materials may also be obtained from loosely-laid, granular bulk material which has been subjected to a sintering process.
  • porous material of the first structure may be based on an alumina or silicon carbide ceramic as described in DE 102 28 411 C1.
  • the first structure comprises a metal wire mesh, an open-cell foam ceramic, in particular based on silicon carbide, or in particular an open-cell metal foam, which preferably has a so-called washcoat coating comprising, in particular, oxides of aluminum, titanium, zirconium, iron, nickel, Germanium, barium, hafnium and / or oxides of rare earth metals such as lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide. Titanium dioxide and aluminum oxides and mixtures thereof are particularly preferred as coating materials. Alternatively or additionally, a coating with phosphoric acid can be carried out.
  • the voids or pores in the first structure generally have a size sufficient to allow particulate exhaust gas constituents such as soot particles to enter the first housing.
  • the porosity is, for example, in the range of 5 to 35, in particular 10 to 25 ppi (pores per inch). In one embodiment, the porosity of the first structure is about 20 ppi.
  • the second structure is preferably based on an open-cell foam ceramic, a wire mesh or in particular an open-cell metal foam. It expediently also covers the entire cross section of the first housing and accordingly extends to the inner wall.
  • Suitable first metal oxides include lithium oxide, barium oxide, titanium oxide, cerium oxide, manganese oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, lithium, sodium, potassium, silver and cervanadates, vanadium oxide / alkali metal oxide combinations and perrhenates. Cerium / zirconium mixed oxides are also suitable.
  • the second structure contains at least one vanadate, in particular silver and / or potassium vanadate, and / or is coated with at least one vanadate, in particular silver and / or potassium vanadate.
  • Potassium vanadate is particularly preferred. It has been found that even this second structure significantly contributes to the elimination of soot.
  • the coating of the second structure comprises in addition to a first metal oxide, in particular potassium vanadate, a metal nitrate, for example an alkali or alkaline earth nitrate such as sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, magnesium and strontium nitrate, and / or a compound based on a waterglass compound such as sodium and potassium silicates, in particular soda waterglass.
  • a metal oxide in particular potassium vanadate
  • a metal nitrate for example an alkali or alkaline earth nitrate such as sodium, lithium, potassium, barium, calcium, magnesium and strontium nitrate
  • a waterglass compound such as sodium and potassium silicates, in particular soda waterglass.
  • the proportion of the coating based on the total weight of the second structure, in the range of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt .-%.
  • the porosity of the second structure is preferably in the range of 5 to 40 ppi, preferably 10 to 35 ppi. Suitable porosities are for example also in the range of 10 to 20 ppi. In one embodiment, the porosity of the second structure is about 20 ppi.
  • the third structure is preferably also in the form of an open-cell foam ceramic, in particular made of silicon carbide, a wire mesh and in particular an open-cell metal foam, which extends over the entire cross-sectional area of the first housing.
  • This structure has a catalyst which promotes the oxidation of components of the passed exhaust gas by means of the oxygen still contained in the exhaust gas.
  • a particularly good cleaning effect is also achieved in that the third structure comprises a catalyst comprising palladium, rhodium and / or silver, and / or coated with a catalyst comprising palladium, rhodium and / or silver. If the catalyst additionally contains at least slight traces of iron, nickel, iron oxide, in particular Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 , the cleaning result can be optimized once more.
  • the coating or the catalyst of the third structure further contains at least one metal nitrate, for example an alkali or alkaline earth nitrate such as potassium nitrate, and / or a compound based on a water glass compound such as sodium or potassium silicates, in particular sodium water glass.
  • the third structure is preferably pre-coated with a washcoat.
  • Suitable washcoat coatings comprise, in particular, oxides of aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, oxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals such as barium oxide or magnesium oxide and / or oxides of lanthanides or rare earth metals such as lanthanum oxide, praseodymium oxide, terbium oxide, ytterbium oxide, samarium oxide, gadolinium oxide or cerium oxide. Titanium dioxide or aluminum oxides are particularly preferred as coating materials. Alternatively or additionally, a coating with phosphoric acid can be carried out.
  • the open-cell third structure preferably has cell widths of 6 to 50 ppi, especially 20 to 45 ppi. Suitable porosities are for example also in the range of 20 to 40 ppi. In one embodiment, the porosity of the third structure is about 40 ppi.
  • soot particles or hydrocarbons which have not yet been burned or oxidized when passing the exhaust gas through the first housing to the third structure are converted to carbon dioxide at the latest at a fourth structure, preferably separated by a gap from the third structure.
  • the fourth structure preferably represents a metal wire mesh, an open-celled foam ceramic, in particular silicon carbide-based, or in particular an open-cell metal foam, and preferably, like the first, second and third structures, covers the entire cross section of the first housing, but is different from the first one , Second and third structure, preferably not in the front or middle area, but housed in the rear of the first housing.
  • the fourth structure comprises or is coated with at least one second metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide, silicon oxide, titanium dioxide, boron oxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, in particular lanthanum-containing, barium oxide, magnesium / aluminum mixed oxide and / or silicon / aluminum mixed oxide.
  • Alumina is particularly preferred as the second metal oxide.
  • at least one rare earth metal oxide such as yttrium oxide, praseodymium oxide, terbium oxide, gadolinium oxide, lanthanum oxide, samarium oxide, ytterbium oxide or cerium oxide is present. Cerium oxide is particularly preferred.
  • cerium oxide as the preferred rare earth metal oxide, preference may alternatively or additionally be given to lanthanum oxide.
  • zeolites are present in or on the fourth structure in addition to the second metal oxide, in particular aluminum oxide, especially in combination with at least one rare earth metal oxide, in particular cerium oxide.
  • the porosity of the fourth structure may be, for example, in the range of 10 to 65, especially 15 to 60 ppi. In one embodiment, the porosity of the fourth structure is about 50 ppi.
  • At least one further, fifth structure comprising a plurality of contiguous cavities, is present in the first housing, which covers the cross section of this housing at least in areas, in particular completely.
  • the main body of this fifth structure is preferably constructed as the first to fourth structures and is in particular in the form of an open-cell foam ceramic, a metal wire mesh or in particular an open-cell metal foam.
  • This fifth structure contains and / or is at least partially coated with platinum and / or rhodium as a catalyst. This coating can also contain, for example, in the form of a precoat as washcoat, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and / or aluminum silicate.
  • the use of a catalyst mixture comprising platinum and rhodium as the relevant components has proven to be particularly effective.
  • the weight ratio of platinum to rhodium in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular in the range of 6: 1 to 1.5: 1 and more preferably in the ratio of about 4: 1 is set.
  • the fifth structure is preferably mounted between the first and second structures. Conveniently, the fifth structure directly follows the first structure, i. without allowing a gap.
  • At least one further, sixth structure comprising a plurality of contiguous cavities, is provided in the first housing, which at least partially covers the cross-section of this housing, in particular special completely covers.
  • the sixth structure preferably represents a metal wire trick as well as in particular a metal foam.
  • this structure may for example also be based on a ceramic foam or other known support materials or structures.
  • the sixth structure contains a so-called SCR catalyst and / or is at least partially coated therewith. SCR catalysts for the reduction of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas to nitrogen with ammonia as a reducing agent, which is generally produced in the system from urea in solution, are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the sixth structure may be present in one embodiment together with the fourth structure as a common, unitary structure.
  • first to sixth structures are to be coated, be it with an intermediate coating, e.g. In the form of a washcoat, or with a final coating, it is basically possible to resort to all conventional coating methods such as galvanic or wet-chemical coating or sputtering.
  • the wet chemical variant is used. As a rule, this is sufficient, for example. when the respective structure is immersed once, preferably at least twice, in a corresponding immersion bath containing the coating components in solution, dispersion or suspension.
  • the first to sixth, in particular the second to sixth, structure are generally so-called wall-flow filters.
  • Such wall-flow filters are usually equipped with a porous, open-cell filter wall.
  • the particles remain in these filter structures mainly due to adhesion phenomena mainly adhere to the surface of the filter wall or by means of depth filtration in the interior of the filter wall.
  • the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and / or sixth structure open-cell foam ceramic, a porous metal foam, an open-cell metal sponge, a heat-resistant porous or cellular foam plastic, a wire mesh and / or sintered includes bulk material.
  • the first to sixth structures are regularly designed such that a gaseous fluid can readily pass through the contiguous cavities or open pores.
  • the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and / or sixth structure completely cover the cross section of the housing.
  • These structures are accordingly enclosed in the housing interior and are in a practicable embodiment in direct contact with the inner wall of the housing.
  • These structures are also designed in such a way that a uniform passage of gases is ensured.
  • the first, second and third and optionally the fifth and / or sixth structure can be realized on a uniform permeable or porous body, for example a metal wire mesh, a foamed ceramic or in particular a metal foam.
  • the individual structures then form e.g. discrete zone sections on such a unitary body.
  • the first, second, third and fourth and optionally the fifth and / or sixth structure on a uniform permeable or porous body, such as a metal wire mesh, a foam ceramic or in particular a metal foam can be realized, for example as stated above.
  • this uniform structure may be incorporated, in particular, in register with the first housing, wherein free spaces may be provided in particular in the inlet and outlet areas.
  • this uniform structure may also have at least one free or hollow space between the third and fourth structures.
  • Open cell ceramics include cordierite, silicate, alumina, aluminum nitride, aluminum titanate, glass, zirconia, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride ceramics.
  • Suitable open-cell foam ceramics include in particular those of zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, mullite (magnesium aluminum silicate) and ⁇ -aluminum oxide. These ceramics and their preparation are known in the art. The same applies to metal foams and sponges.
  • Suitable metal foams are preferably formed from chromium / nickel steels or ferro-chromium / aluminum alloys. Nitride-based metal foams are generally less suitable.
  • wire material for the wire body is used in particular alumium-containing steel.
  • the first structure preferably if present as a metal wire mesh or as a metal foam, previously coated with a solder material, preferably on aluminum-chromium, in particular aluminum-chromium-nickel base.
  • the front region of the first housing widens toward the middle region and / or if the rear region tapers toward the outlet, in particular in the form of a cone.
  • the surface of the first structure, which faces the inlet is curved in the direction of the interior of the first housing, in particular substantially spherical.
  • the first, second, third and fourth structures can each follow one another directly.
  • a first space, between adjacent second structures, a second space, between the second and third structure, a third space between adjacent third structures, a fourth space and / or between the third and fourth structure there is a fifth gap.
  • the spaces between the individual structures serve primarily as expansion or swirling spaces.
  • This fifth gap is in particular at least partially disposed in the tapered portion of the first housing, ie in the transition from the middle to the rear of the first housing.
  • the fifth structure is mounted between the first and the second structure, in particular directly follows the first structure. According to one embodiment, there may be a gap between the first structure and the fifth structure and / or between the second structure and the fifth structure, for example over the entire cross-section of the device.
  • the first and fifth structures may also be in the form of a unitary body, ie without gap, or be arranged as separate structures without gaps.
  • the invention provides that the sixth structure is arranged in the direction from the inlet to the outlet before and / or after the fourth structure.
  • a further advantage is that at least between two adjacent, in particular between all adjacent structures, there is a gap, in particular over the entire cross-sectional area of adjacent structures.
  • the average distance between adjacent structures measured along the longitudinal axis in the direction from the inlet to the outlet, in the range of 5 mm to 50 mm, in particular in the range of 10 mm to 40 mm.
  • the average width of the first and / or second and / or third and / or fourth and / or fifth and / or sixth structure in the range of 5 mm to 50 mm, in particular from 10 mm to 40 mm, measured along the longitudinal axis in the direction from the inlet to the outlet.
  • Devices of the invention are also distinguished in an advantageous embodiment in that the distance from the inlet to the first structure in the range of 20 mm to 100 mm, in particular from 30 mm to 80 mm, and / or that the distance from the outlet (12) nearest structure to the outlet in the range of 20 mm to 120 mm, in particular from 30 mm to 90 mm ,
  • the average width of the first and / or second and / or third and / or fourth and / or fifth and / or sixth structure is about 25 mm to 35 mm , preferably about 30 mm.
  • the average distance from the inlet to the structure closest to the inlet is about 50 mm to 70 mm, in particular about 60 mm.
  • a distance between the structure closest to the outlet and the outlet can be selected from about 40 mm to 90 mm, in particular from 50 mm to 80 mm and particularly preferably from 60 mm to 70 mm.
  • the device according to the invention has, essentially in sections, an oval or elliptical cross-sectional structure.
  • the device according to the invention has, in particular over the region in which the structures mentioned above, an extension transverse to the longitudinal axis of this device extending from the inlet to the outlet in the range of 100 mm to 400 mm, preferably from 150 mm 300 mm and more preferably from 200 mm to 250 mm and may for example assume a value of about 220 mm.
  • the device can extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis in the range from 100 mm to 400 mm, preferably from 150 mm to 300 mm and more preferably from 200 mm to 250 mm, for example about 220 mm and / or the transverse axis has an extension in the range from 50 mm to 300 mm, preferably from 70 mm to 200 mm and particularly preferably from 90 mm to 150 mm, for example about 100 mm.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises a second housing, in particular of metal, in which the first housing is arranged at least in regions. It can be provided that the inlet of the first housing outside and the outlet of the first housing are present within the second housing.
  • the inner wall of the second housing and the outer wall of the first housing are at least partially spaced.
  • At least a first connecting element in particular in the form of, e.g. metallic, support bearing, between the inner wall of the outer, second housing and the outer wall of the inner, first housing is present.
  • At least one layer containing, in particular synthetic, mineral fibers such as, in particular refractory, ceramic fibers and / or glass fibers is present between the first connecting element and the outer wall of the first housing.
  • a second connecting element can be attached directly between the outer wall of the first housing and the inner wall of the second housing, comprising at least one layer containing, in particular synthetic, mineral fibers such as, in particular refractory, ceramic fibers and / or glass fibers.
  • the layer containing ceramic fibers may, for example, be a woven layer, a nonwoven or felt layer, a cast or formed layer, a plate, a molded article or a paper.
  • Ceramic fibers in the context of the present invention should also comprise fibrous mineral wool. Fibrous mineral wool again comprises fibrous glass wool and fibrous rockwool. Suitable ceramic fibers are also known under the trade name Refractory Ceramic Fibers (RCF).
  • RCF Refractory Ceramic Fibers
  • the layer comprising ceramic fibers additionally comprises clay minerals, in particular phyllosilicates.
  • the phyllosilicates for example, mica, talc, serpentine and especially vermiculite are suitable.
  • the said layers may each contain between 30 and 70% by weight of ceramic fibers, in particular refractory ceramic fibers, and clay minerals, in particular vermiculite.
  • Such layers have proven to be particularly advantageous, which additionally contain organic and / or inorganic binders.
  • a suitable product is for example in the Trade under the name XPE ® Expanding mat from the company Unifrax GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany, available. •
  • the connecting elements described above dampen vibrations and other mechanical stresses well and contribute to a reliable bond between the first and second housing.
  • at least one layer containing ceramic fibers, as described above, also be present or attached between the connecting element and the inner wall of the second housing.
  • a further development provides that before the outlet of the second housing at least one retaining device, which prevents the unimpeded outlet of the exhaust gas freed of pollutants, in particular a pinhole, is arranged.
  • the retaining device preferably has a graphite coating at least in regions.
  • the entire passage area of the pinhole corresponds approximately to the area of the inlet of the first housing, via which the exhaust gas to be cleaned enters the housing.
  • the system according to the invention is integrated into an exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR). It can be provided that follows the outlet at least one return line for returning in particular a portion of the filtered exhaust gas into the engine.
  • the return line may be connected, for example, to an air inlet duct for fresh air via a valve arrangement.
  • the mixture of recirculated and fresh air optionally set via an EGR control arrangement can then be supplied to the air inlet opening of an engine.
  • the device according to the invention further comprises at least one lambda probe, at least one first temperature and / or pressure sensor before or at the inlet or in the front region of the first housing and at least one second temperature and / or pressure sensor on or outside the Outlet or in the rear of the first or second housing.
  • the present invention was based on the surprising finding that soot residues in the erf ⁇ ndungssieen emission control system no longer accumulate in the realization of the claimed features. Rather, soot particles are constantly converted to carbon dioxide. Consequently, a continuous, active regeneration succeeds. Due to the complete and continuous removal of soot residues in the exhaust gas, the device according to the invention ensures that the pressure difference between inlet and outlet is never greater than 150 mbar and preferably never greater than 100 mbar, whereby a negative feedback on engine performance can be excluded. For example, with the devices according to the invention, a pressure difference between inlet and outlet of less than 60 mbar, for example 57 mbar, can easily be achieved.
  • the volume passages can readily be in the range of 10 to 15 1 / sec, for example at about 12 1 / sec.
  • the "pore burner" structure attached to the front of the system also contributes to this, because in this way a laminar flow can be set and maintained without
  • the device according to the invention is further surprised by its structurally very simple structure, which can be used without serious changes in any combustion engine, for example in the exhaust systems of passenger cars and trucks
  • a very compact housing shape is made possible, so that the device according to the invention can be integrated in any exhaust systems, retrofitting is therefore completely unproblematic, for the elimination of soot particles that it is compatible with the acquired
  • To the device according to the invention can set a temperature profile, after which the temperature in the rear area is higher than in the front area.
  • the device according to the invention ages only very slowly, with the result that its service life corresponds at least to that of conventional internal combustion engines and replacement of the particulate filter according to the invention is generally no longer necessary.
  • the use in particular of a housing or an inner coating of porous silicon carbide finally has the advantage that this material represents a suitable heat storage in the present application. Therefore, even with alternating load operation during a phase of low engine load, and concomitantly a low exhaust gas temperature, previously stored heat energy can be supplied to the first to sixth structures, so that passive regeneration of the filtered particles or other residues is always possible.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the inventive device
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention for the removal of pollutants from exhaust gases of Brennlcraftmaschinen comprising a housing 2 with a front, middle and rear region 4, 6 and 8.
  • a first structure 14 made of a material, as is commonly used in pore burners.
  • the adjoining the inlet 10 input area 16 is itself free of the pore burner structure 14. Rather, the inlet 10 facing surface 18 of the pore burner structure 14 surrounds the input portion 16 in approximately hemispherical.
  • the first structure 14 is present mainly in the front region 4 of the device 1 according to the invention and covers the entire inner cross section of the housing 2. In the transition region between the front and middle region 4, 6, the housing diameter widens noticeably.
  • the pore burner structure 14 ensures as laminar a flow as possible of the exhaust gas entering the device 1 and eliminates transverse flows, so that soot particles no longer accumulate on the inner walls 24 of the housing 1. Also, a consistent distribution of pollutants in the exhaust stream is ensured.
  • a second structure 20 Connected to the pore burner structure 14, separated by a first gap 22, is a second structure 20, comprising a metal foam, which is coated with potassium vanadate and extends over the entire cross section of the middle region 6 of the housing 2.
  • the second structure 20 is followed, separated by the second gap 26, by a further second structure 20 ', which in construction and coating substantially coincides with the second structure 20, ie, this is likewise a potassium vanadate-coated metal foam which forms extends over the entire cross-sectional area of the central region 6 of the device 1.
  • the second structures 20 and 20 ' serve essentially to transfer nitrogen oxides contained in the exhaust gas by means of reduction into harmless components.
  • the central region 6 is substantially closed by a third structure 28 based on a metal foam coated with a palladium / silver catalyst and used for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.
  • the third structure 28 again extends over the entire cross-sectional area of the housing 2 and is separated from the second structure 20 'by a third gap 30 so that there is substantially no direct contact.
  • a fourth structure 32 again based on a metal foam, is applied, which extends over the entire cross-sectional area of the rear region and is coated with a mixture of aluminum oxide and cerium oxide.
  • the fourth structure 32 is separated from the third structure 28 by a fourth gap 34.
  • the inner wall 24 of the housing 2 has, in the illustrated embodiment, a silicon carbide coating.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further development of the exhaust gas purification system 1 described in FIG.
  • the system 1 as shown in Figure 1 and as described above, surrounded by another, second housing 50.
  • This second housing 50 is connected to the first housing 2 in the front region 4. Otherwise, the device 1 is substantially free of contact in the second housing 50 before. Accordingly, there is at least a fifth gap 54 between the outer wall of the first housing 2 and the inner wall 52 of the outer second housing 50.
  • the device 1 can be supported in the outer housing 50 at one or more points, for example in the middle or preferably rear area 8 on the inner wall 52.
  • the outer housing 50 has an outlet 56, which is arranged substantially in front of the outlet 12 of the device 1.
  • a pinhole 58 is attached between the outlet 12 and the outlet 56.
  • the exiting from the outlet 12 purified exhaust gas is thus prevented via the aperture 58 at a free outlet and depending on the size of the exit surface at least partially in the lying in front of the outlet 12 area 60 in the direction of the between the system 1 and the inner wall 52nd the outer, second housing 50 lying space 54 is deflected.
  • the temperature of the exiting, purified exhaust gas can be used to ensure a constantly high operating temperature of the exhaust gas purification system 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a device according to the invention, which is essentially a further development of the system 1 'shown in FIG.
  • the emission control system 1 is in turn embedded in an outer housing 50.
  • the first structure 14 is made of a pore burner material.
  • a second structure 20 as described for FIG. 1, omitting the first intermediate space.
  • a gap 26 is then present between the second and third structures 20, 28.
  • the third structure 28 here corresponds to the variant described under FIG.
  • the fourth structure 32 is a metal oxide coated with alumina and ceria.
  • the fourth structure 32 substantially completely fills the rear area 8 of the device 1.
  • the device 1 is in the present case for better storage in the middle and rear regions 6 and 8 in contact with the inner wall 52 of the outer housing 50, via corresponding connecting elements or support bearings 62, 62 'and 64, 64', for example made of metal.
  • a pinhole 58 ' is mounted over the entire Cross-sectional area extends in the rear region of the housing.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further development of the device 1 shown in FIG. 1.
  • This further development is equipped with temperature and pressure sensors 80 and 82 in the region of the inlet 10 and of the outlet 12.
  • a lambda probe 84 upstream of the inlet 10 there is a lambda probe 84, with which the oxygen content of the incoming exhaust gas can be determined.
  • the values recorded with these sensors are forwarded to an evaluation unit 86 and used, for example, for optimized operation of the internal combustion engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant d'éliminer des composants nocifs des gaz d'échappement de moteurs à combustion interne. Ce dispositif présente un premier boîtier, une première structure pourvue d'une pluralité de cavités contiguës recouvrant au moins partiellement la section transversale du premier boîtier dans la zone avant, ce boîtier renfermant ensuite, dans un ordre quelconque, au moins une deuxième structure pourvue d'une pluralité de cavités contiguës, contenant au moins un premier oxyde métallique et/ou au moins partiellement recouverte de cet oxyde, au moins une troisième structure pourvue d'une pluralité de cavités contiguës, contenant au moins un catalyseur destiné à transformer ou à décomposer des substances nocives et/ou au moins partiellement recouverte dudit catalyseur, et au moins une quatrième structure recouvrant au moins partiellement la section transversale du premier boîtier, pourvue d'une pluralité de cavité contiguës et contenant au moins un second oxyde métallique, ce premier boîtier étant constitué d'oxyde d'aluminium, de mullite, de cordiérite, de nitrure de silicium, tialite, de stéatite, de zirconium, de dioxyde de zirconium et/ou de carbure de silicium, en particulier poreux, ou recouvert d'oxyde d'aluminium, de mullite, de cordiérite, de nitrure de silicium, de tialite, de stéatite, de zirconium, de dioxyde de zirconium et/ou de carbure de silicium.
EP06805300A 2005-09-16 2006-09-15 Dispositif permettant d'eliminer des composants nocifs des gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne Withdrawn EP1929134A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005044494A DE102005044494B3 (de) 2005-09-16 2005-09-16 Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung von schädlichen Bestandteilen aus Abgasen von Brennkraftmaschinen
PCT/DE2006/001644 WO2007031074A1 (fr) 2005-09-16 2006-09-15 Dispositif permettant d'eliminer des composants nocifs des gaz d'echappement de moteurs a combustion interne

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US (1) US20090208393A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1929134A1 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2007031074A1 (fr)

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DE102008048359B4 (de) * 2008-09-22 2010-08-26 Sgl Carbon Se Vorrichtung zur Verbrennung eines Brennstoff/Oxidationsmittelgemisches
DE102010008999A1 (de) * 2010-02-24 2011-08-25 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG, 73730 Abgasbehandlungseinrichtung
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