[go: up one dir, main page]

EP1856332B1 - Method for treating soils, in particular water-sensitive dry soils - Google Patents

Method for treating soils, in particular water-sensitive dry soils Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1856332B1
EP1856332B1 EP06708388.1A EP06708388A EP1856332B1 EP 1856332 B1 EP1856332 B1 EP 1856332B1 EP 06708388 A EP06708388 A EP 06708388A EP 1856332 B1 EP1856332 B1 EP 1856332B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
soil
water
ground
horizontal
trenches
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06708388.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1856332A1 (en
Inventor
Claude Joly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lhoist Recherche et Developpement SA
Original Assignee
Lhoist Recherche et Developpement SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lhoist Recherche et Developpement SA filed Critical Lhoist Recherche et Developpement SA
Publication of EP1856332A1 publication Critical patent/EP1856332A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1856332B1 publication Critical patent/EP1856332B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C21/00—Apparatus or processes for surface soil stabilisation for road building or like purposes, e.g. mixing local aggregate with binder

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of treating dry soils sensitive to water.
  • soils with a water deficit in relation to the optimal water content must, for use in the construction of public works, in the embankment part, upper platform of earthworks, arase of earthworks, layers of pavement and pavement layers, be treated by a soil treatment process allowing the improvement and / or stabilization thereof.
  • Clays represent a family of minerals that become unstable in the presence of water; the soil then changes from solid to plastic. Clays are thus responsible for instability in built structures.
  • soil treatment is intended to mean a method of modifying the soil so that it performs the functions intended for it, in particular soil improvement and stabilization.
  • a soil treatment therefore does not include, for example, the insertion into the ground of an impermeable layer, because such an operation does not modify the soil per se.
  • soil improvement is understood to mean the water insensitivity of soils by flocculation of clays, which allows short-term circulation. term, or even immediate construction machinery and a long-term change, making the treated soil insensitive to water.
  • “Insensitivity” to water means that the soil no longer evolves towards the plastic state, when water is added later, either by natural capillarity, or by rain or flood; this avoids the passage to the plastic (pasty) state of the soil and the reduction of the lift of the soil which causes the destruction of the structure. Improvement mainly concerns embankments and soil preparation for stabilization.
  • Solid stabilization means the increase in mechanical performance for reuse in the upper layers of the structure: upper earthmoving platform, earthworks, layers of layers and pavement layers. Stabilization can be obtained on materials that have undergone the improvement phase by increasing the lime dosage, which leads to a reaction with the compounds present in the soils or of syntax in limestone soils.
  • lime represents a set of compounds that are quicklime, mainly composed of calcium oxide, hydrated or hydrated lime, mainly composed of calcium hydroxide, or an aqueous suspension made from quicklime or hydrated lime, for example milk of lime.
  • the processes known to date are treatments that are conventionally carried out with quicklime or, in the case of fine dry soils such as clayey loams, the treatment can be carried out with lime milk. .
  • the quality of the mixture obtained is also penalized by an overdose of water during the pre-humidification.
  • This overdose causes the soil to become plastic, which disrupts the circulation of earth-moving machinery and causes the formation of lime lumps, which are not distributed in the treated soil, during the mixing of the soil.
  • the spreading of powdered lime can be a generator of dust, in case of excessive wind, and require the stoppage of the building site.
  • control of the spreading is traditionally achieved by the marking of a surface on which must be spread the contents of a tanker truck.
  • the difficulty of adjusting the flow rate to the speed of progression of the truck often leads to not reaching the beacon (overdose) or to reach it before the tank is empty (underdosing). This poor control of the spread rate for a given surface results in a heterogeneous supply of lime and water on the soil.
  • the transverse distribution of the liquid is not regular over the entire width of passage of the gear.
  • the liquid is found essentially in the direct vicinity of the teeth or blades. This heterogeneity will not be corrected during the next stages of soil treatment, not even during mixing. Indeed, the mixers work the soil in the direction of advancement of the material and not transversely.
  • the document DE 94 21 169 U1 discloses a process according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art by providing a method of treating dry soils sensitive to water, which allows burial appropriate and homogeneous treatment liquid in the soil, for its improvement and / or stabilization.
  • digging a trench or digging trenches means the formation of one or more temporary trenches, which implies loosening of the surrounding land and causes the temporary trench to collapse or collapses quickly once the treatment liquid is deposited, this subsidence allows the uniform burying of the liquid and is almost simultaneous digging.
  • horizontal groove having a second width L2 is meant a tunnel whose width is L 2 .
  • a continuous stream of treatment liquid is deposited in the horizontal groove. So in the aforementioned tunnel.
  • the method comprises a subsidence of the soil which covers the vein of treatment liquid deposited in the tunnel and the latter sinks almost immediately by its upper part, the treatment liquid being buried uniformly in the soil to be treated.
  • the process according to the invention thus allows a homogeneous lateral dispersion of the liquid since the trenches, into which the treatment liquid is introduced, are dug so that the horizontal grooves are laterally adjacent or possibly overlapping each other and that there is no dead space untreated or otherwise treated between two adjacent trenches.
  • the method according to the invention thus uses a burial system which makes it possible to introduce the treatment liquid to a predetermined depth with a regular distribution in width, which facilitates the appropriate dosage of the treatment liquid and makes it possible to limit the number of gear passages, which considerably reduces costs. Therefore, by burying the treatment liquid which may be a lime milk or an aqueous suspension based on lime, the risk of overdosing of water or suspended matter is eliminated. Indeed, the burying of a treatment liquid according to the invention can replace the stages of prior humidification, mixing and spreading lime milk, eliminates the problem of water runoff on sloping soils and in the footprints of the machines and, in this way, regulates the water content of the soil.
  • the predetermined depth of burial according to the invention is a depth of 20 to 75 cm, preferably 35 to 60 cm.
  • the method according to the invention provides a burial to a depth of 20 to 75 cm, preferably 35 to 60 cm.
  • the treatment liquid has a solid content of up to 1000 g / dm 3 , preferably about 400 g / dm 3 .
  • a liquid treatment it is possible to envisage a whitewash for example.
  • the treatment process according to the invention also makes it possible to treat with water these rocks or these pelites described above, directly from rocks having a size of up to 600 mm.
  • the process allows their disintegration with water, avoids their evacuation and their replacement by a substitute material.
  • This soil can subsequently be treated with the treatment liquid with the same landfill system.
  • the device with hollow dispensing teeth, deeply incorporates the treatment liquid.
  • the type of tooth has since been designed to allow the share part to remain at the predetermined depth, even in the presence of rocks larger than 600 mm, especially in the presence of pelites and to distribute without overflow.
  • the sufficient amounts of treatment liquid such as a milk of lime, up to solid contents of 400 g / dm 3 or even 1000 g / dm 3 , when these suspensions contain fluidizing agents.
  • the device is used for flows from 20 to 30 dm 3 / m 2 , but the flow can also easily reach 90 dm 3 / m 2 , or even up to 300 dm 3 / m 2 . This result is obtained without risk of clogging of the treatment liquid supply, or by the suspension solid or by the soil particles.
  • the unique design of the share share firstly allows to raise the large rocks to the surface of the fractional ground, thanks to its point of penetration of the soil of the type of plow of plow, this then allows their disintegration and secondly, it allows an equivalent distribution of treatment liquid in each of the teeth from the tank through the rear distributor which has an outlet having said second width greater than said first width and which communicates with said distribution channel of said support portion. This requires in particular a good balance of pressures between the feeds of the different teeth from the tank.
  • vehicle By “vehiculable” is meant that the chassis can be pushed or towed or even be automobile.
  • the device comprises a reinforcing element connecting said support part and the share part, which makes it possible to withstand any impact with rocks of a size. greater than 600 mm, in particular with pelites, as described above.
  • the frame has a frame width and the outlets of said distributing teeth connected to said frame are, in a rear view, directly adjacent to each other, said outlet orifices preferably occupying a width at least equivalent to said frame width.
  • the teeth are aligned so that the width covered by each tooth is complementary to the others and thus covers without dead zone, the entire width of the frame. This avoids the transverse variation of buried treatment liquid, encountered during treatment with conventional equipment which is not traditionally rectified by a transverse passage. It is expected that in a plan view, the distributing teeth connected to said frame are staggered, aligned in at least two parallel rows. This allows a homogeneous distribution of the treatment liquid. It is clear that the outlet orifices of the teeth can not be perfectly adjacent because of the thickness of their wall and that therefore placing the teeth staggered allows the digging of perfectly adjacent grooves.
  • the teeth aligned in two rows will remain much deeper in the ground during the advance of the chassis vehiculable. This arrangement reduces the possible lifting of the frame during the progression of the device according to the invention in a floor to be treated. For the same reason of balancing the resistance during the progression, the teeth will advantageously be 5 in number.
  • the teeth have a length to bury the treatment liquid to a depth of 20 to 75 cm, preferably 35 to 60 cm.
  • burial at the predetermined depth according to the invention and the shape of the grooves formed do not pose a problem in the event of encountering rocks of a size less than about 600 mm.
  • the rocks pass between the vertical furrows and, since the teeth do not rise, the adjacent horizontal furrows remain adjacent and the spread remains uniform.
  • the burying of the treatment liquid according to the invention is not deviated from its trajectory by blocks.
  • the type of groove makes it possible to remain at the desired depth and to dispense sufficient surface treatment liquid without overflowing the surface.
  • each distribution channel is provided with a flow control element.
  • the flow control element may be a diaphragm capable of adjusting the liquid passage section in the dispensing channel. This gives a uniform distribution of flow in all distribution channels.
  • the figure 1 is a rear view of a preferred embodiment of the device, which is not part of the claimed object, wherein the frame comprises five hollow digging teeth driven into the ground.
  • the figure 2 is an elevational view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the figure 3 is a profile view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 1 .
  • teeth 1 are fixed on the frame 2.
  • Each tooth comprises a vertical support portion 3 and a horizontal plow portion 4.
  • the plough portion 4 comprises a front tip 5 ( figure 3 ) in the ground and a rear distributor 6 which has an outlet port 6a.
  • the support portion 3 of each tooth 1 comprises a distribution channel 7 and has a width L 1 which is smaller than the width L 2 of the outlet orifices of the share portion of said tooth.
  • the width L 2 is such that in a rear view ( figure 1 ), the outlet orifices 6a of treatment liquid of the distributors 6 are directly adjacent to each other. Therefore, on the chassis width, the outlet orifices 6a of the distributors 6 join to allow the deposition of a continuous stream of treatment liquid.
  • each tooth 1 thus comprises a distribution channel 7 which communicates with a reservoir (not shown) of treatment liquid via a distribution nurse 8 which allows the dosage of the treatment liquid to be identical in each tooth 1.
  • the distribution nib 8 is equipped, in the illustrated preferential embodiment, with five outlets 9 connected to a flexible hose 10 that feeds the distribution channel 7 of each support portion 3 of each hollow dispensing tooth 1.
  • the treatment liquid, coming from the reservoir arrives in the nurse 8 which distributes it between the distribution channels 7 of each tooth 1, it flows and penetrates into the horizontal share part 4 of each tooth 1, more precisely in the distributor 6, and is then brought to the outlet port 6a thereof. It is only after the passage of the outlet orifice 6a in the horizontal groove dug at the front by the share part 4 of the tooth 1 that the natural ground collapses thanks to loosening of the surrounding earth and that it comes to cover the vein of treatment liquid filed.
  • the digging sequence of the trench, deposition of liquid in the adjacent horizontal grooves and soil subsidence is done in this order as the equipment progresses. Nevertheless, because of the speed of progress, we can say that these 3 phases are almost simultaneous.
  • a reduction of the passage section in the distribution channel by a diaphragm 11 can be interposed at the inlet of the channel distribution 7 to balance the flow on each tooth 1.
  • Interchangeable diaphragms can be provided or diaphragms with adjustable sections by remote control.
  • the height of the support portion can be up to 75 cm, preferably 60 cm, and the height of the frame with respect to the ground allows the passage of blocks of 600 mm (60 cm). The blocks of 600 mm can therefore also pass between the teeth.
  • the frame 2 comprises five hollow distributor teeth 1 aligned in two rows, staggered.
  • the frame is supported by wheels 12.
  • the front row includes two teeth 1 and the rear row comprises three. This arrangement allows a better distribution of the tensile force on the frame and permanently maintain the teeth 1 in the ground.
  • a counterbalance side devices simply hooked to the frame to keep it pressed and to keep the teeth pressed into the ground.
  • the support part 3 comprises a support plate 14 and a reinforcement piece 13 fastened by suitable fastening means 15, for example, bolts, screws , nuts and the like. These fastening means are located on the support plate 14.
  • This reinforcing piece 13, the rigidity of the frame 2 and the means for fixing the teeth thereon make it possible to permanently hold the teeth in the ground and reinforce the device in order to give it sufficient resistance against the forces due to the rocks and pelites that it could possibly encounter .
  • the soc part 4 is equipped with a welded tip 5 at the front which ensures penetration into the ground. This ground penetration tip 5 is replaceable in case of wear.
  • a dry-flint, dry, compact and water-sensitive flint-clad motorway project requires the burial of lime slurry at 400 g / dm 3 to supply 30 g of water and 20 g of quicklime per kg. 12 kg of lime per m 2 and 22 dm 3 of water per m 2 .
  • This method of treatment with traditional landfill equipment required the step 2 of complementary reduction of the grinding to less than 200 mm, to avoid loss of whitewash, following the frequent lifting of the teeth of the burner.
  • the target water content is between 144 g and 177 g per kg of soil.
  • water content ranged from 119 g to 177 g / kg soil, showing some deficits in some areas.
  • a second passage of the burner leads to too high levels, between 193 g and 219 g / kg of soil.
  • a single burner passageway therefore does not achieve the desired water content. Some values are too low and do not allow to receive the platform. Work must be resumed. It should therefore be possible to increase the quantity buried at each passage
  • This traditional landfill treatment process required steps 2 and 3 to remove the pelites and add a substitute material.
  • a soil is treated for the realization of the earthworks of a motorway construction site, similar to that of Comparative Example 2 and comprising materials of the pelite type, very compact but disintegrating in the presence of water.
  • a burial of water is planned before lime treatment.
  • This treatment method according to the invention firstly avoids steps 2 and 3 of Comparative Example 2 for removing pelites and providing a substitute material. All steps 2 to 4 of Comparative Example 2 are replaced by a direct humidification of the coarse rocks by means of the equipment, framed by two compaction operations. The process according to the invention is therefore simpler, faster and less expensive, for steps 2 to 4 of the process.
  • the water supply can easily be limited to step 3, avoiding any risk of runoff while providing enough water for the disintegration of the rocks.
  • the additional water is provided by reusing the landfill equipment to add a lime milk rather than a quicklime, as in Comparative Example 2.
  • the landfill makes it possible to injecting at a sufficient depth (35 to 55 cm) a whitewash with no risk of run-off, present in Comparative Example 1, with traditional equipment. There is no water correction necessary after step 6, as is the case in the traditional solution, in steps 7 and 8 of Comparative Example 2.
  • the soil treatment method according to the invention therefore allows the on-site valorization of pelites which are initially in the form of compact rocks, traditionally not reused.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to scrupulously respect the desired water content over the entire width of the equipment, without dead zone (untreated zone). There is therefore no significant dispersion of the water content values according to the invention, as was the case with the traditional equipment of Comparative Example 1.
  • the water content of the soil varied from a penalty of ⁇ 2 g / kg soil, for a target of 175 g / kg
  • the method of the invention saves a burner passage (compared with Comparative Example 1). Moreover, the process according to the invention makes it possible to avoid spreading with powdered lime (compared with Comparative Example 2); it also avoids the final water correction and a mixing passage.
  • the equipment increases the mixing performance, by helping to reduce the size of the blocks in the soil, avoiding premature wear or rupture of the rotors, allowing the extraction of large blocks.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un procédé de traitement de sols secs sensibles à l'eau.The present invention relates to a method of treating dry soils sensitive to water.

D'une manière générale, les sols présentant un déficit hydrique par rapport à la teneur en eau optimale, doivent, pour pouvoir être utilisés dans la construction des ouvrages de travaux publics, dans la partie remblai, plate-forme supérieure de terrassement, arase de terrassement, couches de forme et couches de chaussées, être traités par un procédé de traitement de sols permettant l'amélioration et/ou la stabilisation de ces derniers.In general, soils with a water deficit in relation to the optimal water content, must, for use in the construction of public works, in the embankment part, upper platform of earthworks, arase of earthworks, layers of pavement and pavement layers, be treated by a soil treatment process allowing the improvement and / or stabilization thereof.

De nombreux sols naturels contiennent des argiles à des teneurs très variables. Les argiles représentent une famille de minéraux qui deviennent instables en présence d'eau ; le sol passe alors de l'état solide à l'état plastique. Les argiles sont ainsi responsables de l'instabilité dans les ouvrages construits.Many natural soils contain clays at very different levels. Clays represent a family of minerals that become unstable in the presence of water; the soil then changes from solid to plastic. Clays are thus responsible for instability in built structures.

On entend par « traitement des sols », au sens de la présente invention, un procédé consistant à modifier le sol afin qu'il remplisse les fonctions auxquelles on le destine, en particulier l'amélioration et la stabilisation des sols. Un traitement de sol n'inclut donc pas par exemple l'insertion dans le sol d'une couche imperméable, car une telle opération ne modifie pas le sol en soi.For the purposes of the present invention, the term "soil treatment" is intended to mean a method of modifying the soil so that it performs the functions intended for it, in particular soil improvement and stabilization. A soil treatment therefore does not include, for example, the insertion into the ground of an impermeable layer, because such an operation does not modify the soil per se.

On entend par « amélioration » des sols, l'insensibilisation à l'eau des sols par floculation des argiles, qui permet une circulation à court terme, voire immédiate des engins de chantiers et une modification à long terme, rendant les sols traités insensibles à l'eau.The term "soil improvement" is understood to mean the water insensitivity of soils by flocculation of clays, which allows short-term circulation. term, or even immediate construction machinery and a long-term change, making the treated soil insensitive to water.

"L'insensibilité" à l'eau signifie que le sol n'évolue plus vers l'état plastique, lors d'apport ultérieur d'eau, soit par capillarité naturelle, soit par les pluies ou les inondations ; on évite ainsi le passage à l'état plastique (pâteux) du sol et la diminution de la portance du sol qui entraîne la destruction de l'ouvrage. L'amélioration concerne surtout les remblais et la préparation des sols en vue de leur stabilisation."Insensitivity" to water means that the soil no longer evolves towards the plastic state, when water is added later, either by natural capillarity, or by rain or flood; this avoids the passage to the plastic (pasty) state of the soil and the reduction of the lift of the soil which causes the destruction of the structure. Improvement mainly concerns embankments and soil preparation for stabilization.

On entend par "stabilisation" des sols, l'augmentation des performances mécaniques pour une réutilisation dans les couches supérieures de l'ouvrage : plate-forme supérieure de terrassement, arase de terrassement, couches de forme et couches de chaussées. La stabilisation peut être obtenue sur des matériaux ayant subi la phase d'amélioration par augmentation du dosage en chaux, qui entraîne une réaction avec les composés présents dans les sols ou de syntaxie dans les sols calcaires."Soil stabilization" means the increase in mechanical performance for reuse in the upper layers of the structure: upper earthmoving platform, earthworks, layers of layers and pavement layers. Stabilization can be obtained on materials that have undergone the improvement phase by increasing the lime dosage, which leads to a reaction with the compounds present in the soils or of syntax in limestone soils.

Le terme de "chaux" représente un ensemble de composés qui sont la chaux vive, principalement composée d'oxyde de calcium, la chaux éteinte ou hydratée, principalement composée d'hydroxyde de calcium, ou une suspension aqueuse fabriquée à base de chaux vive ou de chaux hydratée, par exemple du lait de chaux.The term "lime" represents a set of compounds that are quicklime, mainly composed of calcium oxide, hydrated or hydrated lime, mainly composed of calcium hydroxide, or an aqueous suspension made from quicklime or hydrated lime, for example milk of lime.

Pour stabiliser et améliorer les sols secs, les procédés connus à ce jour sont des traitements qui s'effectuent classiquement à la chaux vive ou, dans le cas de sols secs fins comme les limons argileux, le traitement peut s'effectuer au lait de chaux.In order to stabilize and improve dry soils, the processes known to date are treatments that are conventionally carried out with quicklime or, in the case of fine dry soils such as clayey loams, the treatment can be carried out with lime milk. .

Pour un sol sec traité à la chaux, le procédé de traitement de sol sec nécessite les étapes suivantes :

  1. 1. une préparation du sol, qui consiste en un fractionnement et un ameublissement du sol compact ;
  2. 2. une pré-humidification du sol, généralement par un arrosage ; cette pré-humidification ayant deux objectifs :
    1. a) compenser le déficit hydrique du sol pour l'amener à sa densité optimale ;
    2. b) apporter l'eau nécessaire à l'extinction de la chaux et/ou au développement des réactions pouzzolaniques ;
  3. 3. un malaxage du sol afin de répartir l'eau d'apport ; dans de nombreux cas, cette opération est réalisée la veille du traitement à la chaux ;
  4. 4. un épandage de la chaux sur le sol pré-humidifié ;
  5. 5. un malaxage du sol avec la chaux;
  6. 6. un épandage d'eau, afin d'ajuster la teneur à l'optimum pour le type de sol traité ;
  7. 7. un malaxage de finition.
For dry lime-washed soil, the dry soil treatment process requires the following steps:
  1. 1. a soil preparation, which consists of a fractionation and loosening of the compact soil;
  2. 2. pre-humidification of the soil, usually by watering; this pre-humidification having two objectives:
    1. a) to compensate the soil moisture deficit to bring it to its optimal density;
    2. b) provide the necessary water for the extinction of lime and / or the development of pozzolanic reactions;
  3. 3. soil mixing to distribute the filler water; in many cases, this operation is carried out the day before the lime treatment;
  4. 4. Spreading the lime on the pre-moistened soil;
  5. 5. mixing the soil with lime;
  6. 6. a water spreading, in order to adjust the content to the optimum for the type of soil treated;
  7. 7. finishing kneading.

En présence de sols fins, sensibles à l'eau, par exemple les limons argileux, le traitement peut s'effectuer au lait de chaux. Ce type de traitement est par exemple très répandu aux Etats-Unis. Le traitement comprend alors les étapes suivantes :

  1. 1. une préparation du sol, qui consiste en un ameublissement du sol compact ;
  2. 2. une pré-humidification du sol, par arrosage, afin de compenser en partie le déficit hydrique ;
  3. 3. un malaxage du sol, afin de répartir l'eau d'apport ;
  4. 4. un épandage du lait de chaux sur le sol pré-humidifié ;
  5. 5. un malaxage du sol traité au lait de chaux ;
  6. 6. un épandage d'eau éventuel, afin d'ajuster la teneur à l'optimum pour le type de sol traité ;
  7. 7. un malaxage de finition.
In the presence of fine, water-sensitive soils such as clay loams, the treatment can be carried out in lime milk. This type of treatment is for example very widespread in the United States. The treatment then comprises the following steps:
  1. 1. soil preparation, which consists of loosening the compact soil;
  2. 2. Pre-humidification of the soil, by watering, to partially compensate for the water deficit;
  3. 3. soil mixing, to distribute the water supply;
  4. 4. Spreading the lime milk on the pre-moistened soil;
  5. 5. mixing of the lime milk treated soil;
  6. 6. a possible water spreading, in order to adjust the content to the optimum for the type of soil treated;
  7. 7. finishing kneading.

Malheureusement ces deux procédés de traitement respectivement à la chaux ou au lait de chaux présentent de multiples inconvénients, parmi lesquels un nombre élevé de passages des différents engins, ce qui augmente les coûts et le délai de réalisation et entraîne une forte consommation énergétique.Unfortunately, these two processes of treatment respectively with lime or with lime milk have multiple disadvantages, among which a high number of passes of the different machines, which increases the costs and the time of realization and causes a high energy consumption.

Dans les chantiers où les sols sont traités à la chaux vive, la qualité du mélange obtenu est en outre pénalisée par un surdosage d'eau lors de la pré-humidification. Ce surdosage fait passer le sol à l'état plastique, ce qui perturbe la circulation des engins de terrassement et entraîne la formation de grumeaux de chaux, qui ne sont pas répartis dans le sol traité, lors du malaxage du sol. Par ailleurs, l'épandage de chaux pulvérulente peut être générateur de poussières, en cas de vent trop important, et nécessiter l'arrêt du chantier.In sites where soils are treated with quicklime, the quality of the mixture obtained is also penalized by an overdose of water during the pre-humidification. This overdose causes the soil to become plastic, which disrupts the circulation of earth-moving machinery and causes the formation of lime lumps, which are not distributed in the treated soil, during the mixing of the soil. In addition, the spreading of powdered lime can be a generator of dust, in case of excessive wind, and require the stoppage of the building site.

L'apport d'eau par épandage sur le sol provoque aussi des ruissellements sur les sols en pente ainsi que dans les empreintes laissées par le passage des roues des engins d'épandage, entraînant une irrégularité dans les teneurs en eau du sol.The addition of water by spreading on the ground also causes runoff on sloping soils as well as in the footprints left by the wheels of the spreading machines, resulting in an irregularity in the soil moisture content.

L'épandage de lait de chaux conduit également à un surdosage d'eau lors de la pré-humidification dans les points où il y a accumulation - dans les ornières des roues des engins, aux bas de pentes... Ce phénomène réduit la portance du sol et perturbe le passage ultérieur des engins de chantier. De surcroît, lors de l'épandage du lait de chaux, le ruissellement sur sol en pente ou dans les ornières des engins conduit également à une irrégularité des teneurs en chaux dans les sols traités.The application of lime milk also leads to an overdose of water during the pre-humidification in the points where there is accumulation - in the ruts of the wheels of the machines, at the bottom of slopes ... This phenomenon reduces the lift soil and disturbs the subsequent passage of construction machinery. Moreover, during the application of lime milk, run-off on sloping ground or in machinery ruts also leads to an irregularity of the lime contents in the treated soils.

De plus, le contrôle de l'épandage est traditionnellement réalisé par le balisage d'une surface sur laquelle doit être épandu le contenu d'un camion citerne. La difficulté d'ajuster le débit à la vitesse de progression du camion conduit fréquemment à ne pas atteindre la balise (surdosage) ou à l'atteindre avant que la citerne ne soit vide (sous-dosage). Cette mauvaise maîtrise du débit épandu pour une surface donnée, entraîne un apport hétérogène de chaux et d'eau sur le sol.In addition, the control of the spreading is traditionally achieved by the marking of a surface on which must be spread the contents of a tanker truck. The difficulty of adjusting the flow rate to the speed of progression of the truck often leads to not reaching the beacon (overdose) or to reach it before the tank is empty (underdosing). This poor control of the spread rate for a given surface results in a heterogeneous supply of lime and water on the soil.

Il existe aussi dans le domaine de l'agriculture des enfouisseurs d'eau, munis de dents distributrices ou de lames de charruage, également distributrices, et qui permettent un enfouissement de liquides chargés, tels les lisiers, dans les sillons formés dans les sols agricoles. Ces équipements, quant à eux, présentent des limites d'utilisation dans plusieurs domaines. Notamment, ils ne sont pas utilisables sur des sols rocailleux ; en présence de gros blocs (>150 à 200 mm), qui créent une résistance à la pénétration des dents. Un mécanisme incorporé à l'épandeur fait alors sortir les dents du sol et le liquide se retrouve en surface avec tous les problèmes liés au ruissellement. Par ailleurs, leur profondeur d'enfouissement est limitée à environ 15 cm, et l'apport de liquide est limité à 25 à 30 dm3/m2.There are also in the field of agriculture water buryers, equipped with distributing teeth or charring blades, also distributing, and which allow a burial of charged liquids, such as slurry, in the furrows formed in agricultural soils . These devices, meanwhile, have limits of use in several areas. In particular, they are not usable on rocky soil; in the presence of large blocks (> 150 to 200 mm), which create a resistance to the penetration of the teeth. A mechanism incorporated into the spreader then pulls the teeth out of the ground and the liquid is found on the surface with all the problems related to runoff. Moreover, their depth of burial is limited to about 15 cm, and the supply of liquid is limited to 25 to 30 dm 3 / m 2 .

Enfin, la distribution transversale du liquide n'est pas régulière sur toute la largeur de passage des engins. Le liquide se retrouve essentiellement au voisinage direct des dents ou lames. Cette hétérogénéité ne sera pas corrigée lors des étapes suivantes du traitement du sol, même pas lors d'un malaxage. En effet, les malaxeurs travaillent le sol dans le sens d'avancement du matériel et non transversalement.Finally, the transverse distribution of the liquid is not regular over the entire width of passage of the gear. The liquid is found essentially in the direct vicinity of the teeth or blades. This heterogeneity will not be corrected during the next stages of soil treatment, not even during mixing. Indeed, the mixers work the soil in the direction of advancement of the material and not transversely.

Comme équipement de ce type on peut citer celui décrit dans la demande de brevet britannique GB-A-2180431 . Dans ce document, le procédé de traitement de sols comprend

  • un creusement dans le sol, jusqu'à une profondeur déterminée, de simultanément plusieurs tranchées parallèles, et
  • une distribution dans lesdites tranchées d'un liquide de traitement, éventuellement chargé d'une matière en suspension.
Cet équipement présente les mêmes inconvénients que ceux précédemment indiqués.Equipment of this type may be mentioned that described in the British patent application. GB-A-2180431 . In this document, the soil treatment process comprises
  • a digging in the ground, to a determined depth, of simultaneously several parallel trenches, and
  • a distribution in said trenches of a treatment liquid, possibly charged with a suspended material.
This equipment has the same disadvantages as those previously indicated.

Le document DE 94 21 169 U1 divulgue un procédé selon le préambule de la revendication 1. L'invention a pour but de pallier les inconvénients de l'état de la technique en procurant un procédé de traitement de sols secs sensibles à l'eau, qui permette un enfouissement approprié et homogène de liquide de traitement dans le sol, en vue de son amélioration et/ou de sa stabilisation.The document DE 94 21 169 U1 discloses a process according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art by providing a method of treating dry soils sensitive to water, which allows burial appropriate and homogeneous treatment liquid in the soil, for its improvement and / or stabilization.

Pour résoudre ce problème, il est prévu suivant l'invention, un procédé comprenant :

  • un creusement dans le sol, jusqu'à une profondeur déterminée, de simultanément plusieurs tranchées parallèles, chacune desdites tranchées comportant un sillon vertical présentant une première largeur (L1) et, à ladite profondeur déterminée, un sillon horizontal ayant une deuxième largeur (L2) supérieure à la première, les sillons horizontaux des tranchées voisines étant au moins latéralement adjacents, et
  • un dépôt dans lesdites tranchées d'une veine continue de liquide, ledit dépôt ayant lieu dans l'ensemble des sillons horizontaux des tranchées sur toute leur largeur,
caractérisé en ce que ledit procédé est un procédé d'amélioration et/ou de stabilisation de sols secs sensibles à l'eau contenant de l'argile, dans lequel ledit dépôt d'une veine continue de liquide est une distribution d'un liquide de traitement, choisi parmi un lait de chaux et une suspension aqueuse à base de chaux,
ledit procédé comprenant en outre un affaissement du sol qui recouvre la veine de liquide de traitement déposée dans les sillons horizontaux avec enfouissement uniforme de celui-ci dans le sol à traiter.To solve this problem, it is provided according to the invention, a method comprising:
  • a digging in the ground, to a given depth, of simultaneously several parallel trenches, each of said trenches comprising a vertical groove having a first width (L 1 ) and, at said determined depth, a horizontal groove having a second width (L 2 ) greater than the first, the horizontal grooves of adjacent trenches being at least laterally adjacent, and
  • a deposit in said trenches of a continuous stream of liquid, said deposit occurring in all of the horizontal grooves of the trenches over their entire width,
characterized in that said method is a method for improving and / or stabilizing water-sensitive dry soil containing clay, wherein said deposition of a continuous liquid stream is a liquid distribution of treatment, chosen from a milk of lime and an aqueous suspension based on lime,
said method further comprising a subsidence of the soil which covers the vein of treatment liquid deposited in the horizontal grooves with uniform burying thereof in the soil to be treated.

Par les termes « creusement d'une tranchée ou creusement de tranchées », il faut entendre une formation d'une ou de plusieurs tranchées temporaires, ce qui implique un ameublissement de la terre environnante et a pour conséquence que la tranchée temporaire s'éboule ou s'affaisse rapidement une fois que le liquide de traitement est déposé, cet affaissement permet l'enfouissement uniforme du liquide et il est pratiquement simultané au creusement.The term "digging a trench or digging trenches" means the formation of one or more temporary trenches, which implies loosening of the surrounding land and causes the temporary trench to collapse or collapses quickly once the treatment liquid is deposited, this subsidence allows the uniform burying of the liquid and is almost simultaneous digging.

Par les termes « sillon horizontal ayant une deuxième largeur L2 », il faut entendre un tunnel dont la largeur est L2. Selon l'invention, une veine continue de liquide de traitement est déposée dans le sillon horizontal. Donc dans le tunnel susdit.By the term "horizontal groove having a second width L2" is meant a tunnel whose width is L 2 . According to the invention, a continuous stream of treatment liquid is deposited in the horizontal groove. So in the aforementioned tunnel.

Puis, le procédé comprend un affaissement du sol qui recouvre la veine de liquide de traitement déposée dans le tunnel et celui-ci s'affaisse quasi immédiatement par sa partie supérieure, le liquide de traitement étant enfoui de manière uniforme dans le sol à traiter. Le procédé selon l'invention permet ainsi une dispersion latérale homogène du liquide de traitement puisque les tranchées, dans lesquelles le liquide de traitement est introduit, sont creusées de manière que les sillons horizontaux soient latéralement adjacents ou même se recouvrent éventuellement l'un l'autre et qu'il n'y ait plus d'espace mort non traité ou différemment traité entre deux tranchées voisines.Then, the method comprises a subsidence of the soil which covers the vein of treatment liquid deposited in the tunnel and the latter sinks almost immediately by its upper part, the treatment liquid being buried uniformly in the soil to be treated. The process according to the invention thus allows a homogeneous lateral dispersion of the liquid since the trenches, into which the treatment liquid is introduced, are dug so that the horizontal grooves are laterally adjacent or possibly overlapping each other and that there is no dead space untreated or otherwise treated between two adjacent trenches.

Le procédé selon l'invention recourt donc à un système d'enfouissement qui permet d'introduire le liquide de traitement à une profondeur prédéterminée avec une répartition régulière en largeur, ce qui facilite le dosage approprié du liquide de traitement et permet de limiter le nombre de passages d'engins, ce qui réduit considérablement les coûts. Dès lors, en enfouissant le liquide de traitement qui peut être un lait de chaux ou une suspension aqueuse à base de chaux, les risques de surdosage d'eau ou de matière en suspension éventuelle sont éliminés. En effet, l'enfouissement d'un liquide de traitement selon l'invention peut remplacer les étapes d'humidification préalable, de malaxage et d'épandage du lait de chaux, élimine le problème de ruissellement d'eau sur les sols en pente et dans les empreintes des engins et, de cette façon, régularise la teneur en eau du sol.The method according to the invention thus uses a burial system which makes it possible to introduce the treatment liquid to a predetermined depth with a regular distribution in width, which facilitates the appropriate dosage of the treatment liquid and makes it possible to limit the number of gear passages, which considerably reduces costs. Therefore, by burying the treatment liquid which may be a lime milk or an aqueous suspension based on lime, the risk of overdosing of water or suspended matter is eliminated. Indeed, the burying of a treatment liquid according to the invention can replace the stages of prior humidification, mixing and spreading lime milk, eliminates the problem of water runoff on sloping soils and in the footprints of the machines and, in this way, regulates the water content of the soil.

Avantageusement, la profondeur prédéterminée d'enfouissement selon l'invention est une profondeur de 20 à 75 cm, de préférence de 35 à 60 cm.Advantageously, the predetermined depth of burial according to the invention is a depth of 20 to 75 cm, preferably 35 to 60 cm.

Dans le domaine de l'amélioration et de la stabilisation de sols secs, par exemple, les couches successives de remblais peuvent atteindre 50 cm de hauteur et une profondeur d'enfouissement, éventuellement supérieure à 50 cm, peut être nécessaire. Dès lors, le procédé selon l'invention prévoit un enfouissement à une profondeur allant de 20 à 75 cm, de préférence de 35 à 60 cm.In the field of improvement and stabilization of dry soils, for example, successive layers of embankments can reach 50 cm in height and a burial depth, possibly greater than 50 cm, may be necessary. Therefore, the method according to the invention provides a burial to a depth of 20 to 75 cm, preferably 35 to 60 cm.

Avantageusement, dans une forme préférentielle de réalisation selon l'invention, le liquide de traitement présente une teneur en solide allant jusque 1000 g/dm3, de préférence d'environ 400 g/dm3. Comme liquide traitement, on peut envisager un lait de chaux par exemple.Advantageously, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the treatment liquid has a solid content of up to 1000 g / dm 3 , preferably about 400 g / dm 3 . As a liquid treatment, it is possible to envisage a whitewash for example.

Dans d'autres cas de sols, on trouve certains matériaux rocheux compacts, par exemple les pélites qui nécessitent un fractionnement important avant leur traitement pour utilisation en remblai, plate-forme supérieure de terrassement, arase de terrassement, voire couche de forme ou couche de chaussée. A l'état naturel, ces matériaux se présentent sous forme de dalles compactes. Un apport d'eau permet en partie le délitage de ces roches. Cependant, après fractionnement, il subsiste des blocs qui ont une taille allant jusqu'à 600 mm. Cette taille importante rend inadaptés les moyens existants d'apport d'eau. Par ailleurs, un broyage plus fin, nécessaire afin de respecter les spécifications du cahier des charges qui imposent de ne pas dépasser 200 mm pour les arases, est prohibitif en raison du caractère abrasif de ces roches, qui entraîne une usure rapide des équipements.In other cases of soils, there are some compact rock materials, for example pelites which require a large fractionation before their treatment for use in embankment, upper platform of earthworks, earthworks, or even layer of form or layer of floor. In the natural state, these materials are in the form of compact slabs. A supply of water allows part of the disintegration of these rocks. However, after splitting, there are still blocks that are up to 600 mm in size. This large size makes the existing means of water supply unsuitable. In addition, a finer grinding, necessary to meet the specifications of the specifications which require not to exceed 200 mm for the arases, is prohibitive because of the abrasive nature of these rocks, which causes rapid wear of equipment.

Pour cette raison, ces roches doivent, selon l'état antérieur de la technique être évacuées, ce qui nécessite un chargement, un transport et une mise en stock coûteux. Par ailleurs, le matériau rocheux doit être remplacé par un matériau de substitution fin, ce qui complique le traitement du sol et en augmente encore le coût, en raison des nombreux mouvements de matériaux et de l'énergie nécessaire à la réduction granulométrique des roches.For this reason, these rocks must, according to the prior art, be removed, which requires loading, transport and storage costly. Furthermore, the rocky material must be replaced by a fine substitute material, which complicates the soil treatment and further increases the cost, due to the many movements of materials and the energy required to reduce the size of the rocks.

Afin de résoudre ce problème, le procédé selon l'invention, dans de tels cas de sols, comprend en outre:

  • un creusement préalable dans le sol à traiter, jusqu'à une profondeur prédéterminée, de simultanément plusieurs tranchées préalables, comportant un sillon vertical préalable présentant une première largeur et, à ladite profondeur prédéterminée, un sillon horizontal préalable ayant une deuxième largeur supérieure à la première, les tranchées préalables étant creusées parallèlement de façon que les sillons horizontaux préalables soient au moins latéralement adjacents,
  • Une distribution d'eau dans l'ensemble des sillons horizontaux préalables sur toute leur largeur, par dépôt dans ceux-ci d'une veine continue d'eau, et
  • Un affaissement du sol qui recouvre la veine d'eau déposée dans les sillons horizontaux préalables avec un enfouissement uniforme de l'eau dans le sol à traiter.
In order to solve this problem, the method according to the invention, in such soil cases, further comprises:
  • a prior digging in the soil to be treated, to a predetermined depth, of simultaneously several prior trenches, having a pre-existing vertical groove having a first width and, at said predetermined depth, a prior horizontal groove having a second width greater than the first the prior trenches being dug in parallel so that the preceding horizontal trenches are at least laterally adjacent,
  • A distribution of water in all previous horizontal grooves across their width, by depositing in them a continuous stream of water, and
  • A subsidence of the soil which covers the vein of water deposited in the previous horizontal furrows with a uniform burying of the water in the soil to be treated.

Dès lors, le procédé de traitement selon l'invention permet également de traiter à l'eau ces roches ou ces pélites décrites ci-dessus, directement au départ de roches ayant une taille pouvant atteindre 600 mm. Le procédé permet leur délitage avec de l'eau, évite leur évacuation et leur remplacement par un matériau de substitution. Ce sol pourra ultérieurement être traité au liquide de traitement avec le même système d'enfouissement.Therefore, the treatment process according to the invention also makes it possible to treat with water these rocks or these pelites described above, directly from rocks having a size of up to 600 mm. The process allows their disintegration with water, avoids their evacuation and their replacement by a substitute material. This soil can subsequently be treated with the treatment liquid with the same landfill system.

Pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention, on peut prévoir un dispositif, qui ne fait pas partie de l'objet revendiqué, qui comprend :

  • un châssis véhiculable,
  • au moins deux dents distributrices creuses, et
  • un réservoir de liquide de traitement, prévu pour distribuer ledit liquide de traitement à un canal de distribution logé dans chacune desdites dents distributrices. Ce dispositif est caractérisé en ce que
lesdites dents distributrices comprenant chacune:
  • une partie de support verticale qui relie la dent distributrice au châssis, présente ladite première largeur et comporte ledit canal de distribution,
  • une partie de soc horizontale, comprenant une pointe avant de pénétration dans le sol, et un distributeur arrière qui est pourvu d'un orifice de sortie présentant ladite deuxième largeur supérieure à ladite première largeur et qui communique avec ledit canal de distribution de ladite partie de support,
    lesdites parties de soc horizontales de dents voisines étant capables de former dans le sol des sillons horizontaux au moins latéralement adjacents et lesdits orifices de sortie étant prévus pour déposer dans les sillons horizontaux une veine continue de liquide de traitement.
For the implementation of the method according to the invention, provision may be made for a device, which is not part of the claimed object, which comprises:
  • a vehicular chassis,
  • at least two hollow dispensing teeth, and
  • a treatment liquid reservoir, for distributing said treatment liquid to a dispensing channel housed in each of said dispensing teeth. This device is characterized in that
said dispensing teeth each comprising:
  • a vertical support portion which connects the dispensing tooth to the frame, has said first width and comprises said distribution channel,
  • a horizontal plow portion, comprising a front tip of penetration into the ground, and a rear distributor which is provided with an outlet orifice having said second width greater than said first width and which communicates with said distribution channel of said portion of support,
    said horizontal slat portions of adjacent teeth being capable of forming in the ground at least laterally adjacent horizontal grooves and said outlet ports being adapted to deposit in the horizontal grooves a continuous stream of treatment liquid.

Le dispositif, doté de dents distributrices creuses, incorpore en profondeur le liquide de traitement.The device, with hollow dispensing teeth, deeply incorporates the treatment liquid.

Le type de dent a dès lors été conçu pour permettre à la partie de soc de rester à la profondeur prédéterminée, même en présence de roches d'une taille supérieure à 600 mm, en particulier en présence de pélites et d'y distribuer sans débordement en surface, les quantités suffisantes de liquide de traitement, comme par exemple un lait de chaux, jusqu'à des teneurs en solide de 400 g/dm3 voire 1000 g/dm3, lorsque ces suspensions contiennent des agents fluidifiants. Le dispositif sert pour des débits à partir de 20 à 30 dm3/m2, mais le débit peut aussi atteindre facilement 90 dm3/m2, voire même jusqu'à 300 dm3/m2. Ce résultat est obtenu sans risque de bouchage de l'alimentation en liquide de traitement, ni par le solide de la suspension ni par les particules de sols.The type of tooth has since been designed to allow the share part to remain at the predetermined depth, even in the presence of rocks larger than 600 mm, especially in the presence of pelites and to distribute without overflow. at the surface, the sufficient amounts of treatment liquid, such as a milk of lime, up to solid contents of 400 g / dm 3 or even 1000 g / dm 3 , when these suspensions contain fluidizing agents. The device is used for flows from 20 to 30 dm 3 / m 2 , but the flow can also easily reach 90 dm 3 / m 2 , or even up to 300 dm 3 / m 2 . This result is obtained without risk of clogging of the treatment liquid supply, or by the suspension solid or by the soil particles.

De plus, la conception unique de la partie de soc permet premièrement de remonter les roches de grande taille à la surface du sol fractionné, grâce à sa pointe de pénétration du sol de type soc de charrue, ceci permet ensuite leur délitage et deuxièmement, elle permet une distribution équivalente de liquide de traitement dans chacune des dents au départ du réservoir grâce au distributeur arrière qui présente un orifice de sortie présentant ladite deuxième largeur supérieure à ladite première largeur et qui communique avec ledit canal de distribution de ladite partie de support. Cela nécessite notamment un bon équilibre des pressions entre les alimentations des différentes dents, au départ du réservoir.In addition, the unique design of the share share firstly allows to raise the large rocks to the surface of the fractional ground, thanks to its point of penetration of the soil of the type of plow of plow, this then allows their disintegration and secondly, it allows an equivalent distribution of treatment liquid in each of the teeth from the tank through the rear distributor which has an outlet having said second width greater than said first width and which communicates with said distribution channel of said support portion. This requires in particular a good balance of pressures between the feeds of the different teeth from the tank.

Par "véhiculable", on entend que le châssis peut être poussé ou tracté ou bien encore même être automobile.By "vehiculable" is meant that the chassis can be pushed or towed or even be automobile.

Avantageusement, le dispositif comprend un élément de renforcement reliant ladite partie de support et la partie de soc, ce qui permet de résister à un éventuel choc avec des roches d'une taille supérieure à 600 mm, en particulier avec des pélites, comme décrit ci-dessus.Advantageously, the device comprises a reinforcing element connecting said support part and the share part, which makes it possible to withstand any impact with rocks of a size. greater than 600 mm, in particular with pelites, as described above.

Dans une forme de réalisation, le châssis présente une largeur de châssis et les orifices de sorties desdites dents distributrices reliées audit châssis sont, dans une vue arrière, directement adjacents l'un à l'autre, lesdits orifices de sortie occupant de préférence une largeur au moins équivalente à ladite largeur de châssis.In one embodiment, the frame has a frame width and the outlets of said distributing teeth connected to said frame are, in a rear view, directly adjacent to each other, said outlet orifices preferably occupying a width at least equivalent to said frame width.

Dès lors, les dents sont alignées de telle façon que la largeur couverte par chaque dent soit complémentaire des autres et couvre ainsi sans zone morte, toute la largeur du châssis. On évite ainsi la variation transversale de liquide de traitement enfoui, rencontrée lors du traitement avec des équipements classiques qui n'est traditionnellement pas rectifiée par un passage transversal. Il est prévu que dans une vue en plan, les dents distributrices reliées audit châssis soient placées en quinconce, de manière alignée en au moins deux rangées parallèles. Ceci permet une répartition homogène du liquide de traitement. Il est clair que les orifices de sortie des dents ne peuvent être parfaitement adjacents étant donné l'épaisseur de leur paroi et que dès lors placer les dents en quinconce permet le creusement de sillons parfaitement adjacents. Lorsque des pélites sont présentes et qu'elles rencontrent une dent distributrice, la roche est déviée latéralement et ne rencontre pas une autre dent puisque les dents sont placées en quinconce. De plus, les dents alignées sur deux rangées resteront bien mieux enfoncées dans le sol lors de l'avancée du châssis véhiculable. Cette disposition réduit le soulèvement éventuel du châssis lors de la progression du dispositif selon l'invention dans un sol à traiter. Pour cette même raison d'équilibrage de la résistance lors de la progression, les dents seront avantageusement au nombre de 5.Therefore, the teeth are aligned so that the width covered by each tooth is complementary to the others and thus covers without dead zone, the entire width of the frame. This avoids the transverse variation of buried treatment liquid, encountered during treatment with conventional equipment which is not traditionally rectified by a transverse passage. It is expected that in a plan view, the distributing teeth connected to said frame are staggered, aligned in at least two parallel rows. This allows a homogeneous distribution of the treatment liquid. It is clear that the outlet orifices of the teeth can not be perfectly adjacent because of the thickness of their wall and that therefore placing the teeth staggered allows the digging of perfectly adjacent grooves. When pelites are present and they meet a distributing tooth, the rock is laterally deflected and does not meet another tooth since the teeth are staggered. In addition, the teeth aligned in two rows will remain much deeper in the ground during the advance of the chassis vehiculable. This arrangement reduces the possible lifting of the frame during the progression of the device according to the invention in a floor to be treated. For the same reason of balancing the resistance during the progression, the teeth will advantageously be 5 in number.

Dans une forme de réalisation, les dents ont une longueur permettant d'enfouir le liquide de traitement à une profondeur de 20 à 75 cm, de préférence de 35 à 60 cm.In one embodiment, the teeth have a length to bury the treatment liquid to a depth of 20 to 75 cm, preferably 35 to 60 cm.

Dès lors, l'enfouissement à la profondeur prédéterminée selon l'invention et la forme des sillons creusés ne posent pas de problème en cas de rencontre de roches d'une taille inférieure à environ 600 mm. Les roches passent entre les sillons verticaux et, puisque les dents ne remontent pas, les sillons horizontaux adjacents restent adjacents et l'épandage reste uniforme. L'enfouissement du liquide de traitement selon l'invention n'est pas dévié de sa trajectoire par des blocs. Le type de sillon permet de rester à la profondeur voulue et d'y distribuer sans débordement en surface, les quantités suffisantes de liquide de traitement.Therefore, burial at the predetermined depth according to the invention and the shape of the grooves formed do not pose a problem in the event of encountering rocks of a size less than about 600 mm. The rocks pass between the vertical furrows and, since the teeth do not rise, the adjacent horizontal furrows remain adjacent and the spread remains uniform. The burying of the treatment liquid according to the invention is not deviated from its trajectory by blocks. The type of groove makes it possible to remain at the desired depth and to dispense sufficient surface treatment liquid without overflowing the surface.

Avantageusement, chaque canal de distribution est pourvu d'un élément régulateur de débit. L'élément régulateur de débit peut être un diaphragme capable d'ajuster la section de passage de liquide dans le canal de distribution. On obtient ainsi une répartition homogène du débit dans tous les canaux de distribution.Advantageously, each distribution channel is provided with a flow control element. The flow control element may be a diaphragm capable of adjusting the liquid passage section in the dispensing channel. This gives a uniform distribution of flow in all distribution channels.

D'autres formes de réalisation du procédé sont indiquées dans les revendications annexées.Other embodiments of the process are indicated in the appended claims.

D'autres caractéristiques, détails et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après, à titre non limitatif et en faisant référence aux dessins annexés.Other features, details and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description given below, without limitation and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Sur les figures, les éléments identiques ou analogues portent les mêmes références.In the figures, identical or similar elements bear the same references.

La figure 1 est une vue arrière d'une forme de réalisation préférentielle du dispositif, qui ne fait pas partie de l'objet revendiqué, dans laquelle le châssis comprend cinq dents creuses distributrices enfoncées dans le sol.The figure 1 is a rear view of a preferred embodiment of the device, which is not part of the claimed object, wherein the frame comprises five hollow digging teeth driven into the ground.

La figure 2 est une vue en élévation de la forme de réalisation illustrée à la figure 1.The figure 2 is an elevational view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 1 .

La figure 3 est une vue de profil de la forme de réalisation illustrée à la figure 1.The figure 3 is a profile view of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. figure 1 .

Comme on peut le voir à la figure 1, des dents 1 sont fixées sur le châssis 2. Chaque dent comprend une partie de support verticale 3 et une partie de soc horizontale 4. La partie de soc 4 comprend une pointe avant 5 (figure 3) de pénétration dans le sol et un distributeur arrière 6 qui présente un orifice de sortie 6a. Comme susdit, la partie de support 3 de chaque dent 1 comprend un canal de distribution 7 et elle présente une largeur L1 qui est inférieure à la largeur L2 des orifices de sortie de la partie de soc de ladite dent. La largeur L2 est telle que dans une vue arrière (figure 1), les orifices de sortie 6a de liquide de traitement des distributeurs 6 soient directement adjacents l'un à l'autre. Dès lors, sur la largeur de châssis, les orifices de sortie 6a des distributeurs 6 se rejoignent pour permettre le dépôt d'une veine continue de liquide de traitement.As can be seen at figure 1 teeth 1 are fixed on the frame 2. Each tooth comprises a vertical support portion 3 and a horizontal plow portion 4. The plough portion 4 comprises a front tip 5 ( figure 3 ) in the ground and a rear distributor 6 which has an outlet port 6a. As aforesaid, the support portion 3 of each tooth 1 comprises a distribution channel 7 and has a width L 1 which is smaller than the width L 2 of the outlet orifices of the share portion of said tooth. The width L 2 is such that in a rear view ( figure 1 ), the outlet orifices 6a of treatment liquid of the distributors 6 are directly adjacent to each other. Therefore, on the chassis width, the outlet orifices 6a of the distributors 6 join to allow the deposition of a continuous stream of treatment liquid.

La partie de support 3 de chaque dent 1 comprend donc un canal de distribution 7 qui communique avec un réservoir (non illustré) de liquide de traitement par l'intermédiaire d'une nourrice de répartition 8 qui permet que le dosage du liquide de traitement soit identique dans chaque dent 1.The support portion 3 of each tooth 1 thus comprises a distribution channel 7 which communicates with a reservoir (not shown) of treatment liquid via a distribution nurse 8 which allows the dosage of the treatment liquid to be identical in each tooth 1.

La nourrice de répartition 8 est équipée, dans la forme de réalisation préférentielle illustrée, de cinq sorties 9 raccordées à un tuyau flexible 10 qui vient alimenter le canal de distribution 7 de chaque partie de support 3 de chaque dent creuse distributrice 1.The distribution nib 8 is equipped, in the illustrated preferential embodiment, with five outlets 9 connected to a flexible hose 10 that feeds the distribution channel 7 of each support portion 3 of each hollow dispensing tooth 1.

Le liquide de traitement, provenant du réservoir arrive dans la nourrice 8 qui le répartit entre les canaux de distribution 7 de chaque dent 1, il s'écoule et pénètre dans la partie de soc horizontale 4 de chaque dent 1, plus précisément dans le distributeur 6, et il est ensuite amené au niveau de l'orifice de sortie 6a de celui-ci. C'est seulement après le passage de l'orifice de sortie 6a dans le sillon horizontal creusé à l'avant par la partie de soc 4 de la dent 1 que le terrain naturel s'affaisse grâce à l'ameublissement de la terre environnante et qu'il vient recouvrir la veine de liquide de traitement déposée. La séquence de creusement de la tranchée, de dépôt de liquide dans les sillons horizontaux adjacents et d'affaissement du sol s'effectue dans cet ordre au fur et à mesure de l'avancement de l'équipement. Néanmoins, en raison de la vitesse d'avancement, on peut dire que ces 3 phases sont presque simultanées.The treatment liquid, coming from the reservoir arrives in the nurse 8 which distributes it between the distribution channels 7 of each tooth 1, it flows and penetrates into the horizontal share part 4 of each tooth 1, more precisely in the distributor 6, and is then brought to the outlet port 6a thereof. It is only after the passage of the outlet orifice 6a in the horizontal groove dug at the front by the share part 4 of the tooth 1 that the natural ground collapses thanks to loosening of the surrounding earth and that it comes to cover the vein of treatment liquid filed. The digging sequence of the trench, deposition of liquid in the adjacent horizontal grooves and soil subsidence is done in this order as the equipment progresses. Nevertheless, because of the speed of progress, we can say that these 3 phases are almost simultaneous.

Lorsque le débit du liquide de traitement, par exemple de lait de chaux, est inférieur à 100 dm3/m2, une réduction de la section de passage dans le canal de distribution par un diaphragme 11 peut être intercalée à l'entrée du canal de distribution 7 pour équilibrer le débit sur chaque dent 1. Des diaphragmes interchangeables peuvent être prévus ou encore des diaphragmes à sections ajustables par commande à distance.When the flow rate of the treatment liquid, for example lime milk, is less than 100 dm 3 / m 2 , a reduction of the passage section in the distribution channel by a diaphragm 11 can be interposed at the inlet of the channel distribution 7 to balance the flow on each tooth 1. Interchangeable diaphragms can be provided or diaphragms with adjustable sections by remote control.

La hauteur de la partie de support peut atteindre 75 cm, de préférence 60 cm, et la hauteur du châssis par rapport au sol permet le passage de blocs de 600 mm (60 cm). Les blocs de 600 mm peuvent dès lors également passer entre les dents.The height of the support portion can be up to 75 cm, preferably 60 cm, and the height of the frame with respect to the ground allows the passage of blocks of 600 mm (60 cm). The blocks of 600 mm can therefore also pass between the teeth.

Comme on peut le voir à la figure 2, le châssis 2 comprend cinq dents creuses distributrices 1 alignées en deux rangées, en quinconce. Dans cette forme de réalisation, le châssis est supporté par des roues 12.As can be seen at figure 2 , the frame 2 comprises five hollow distributor teeth 1 aligned in two rows, staggered. In this embodiment, the frame is supported by wheels 12.

La rangée avant comprend deux dents 1 et la rangée arrière en comprend trois. Cette disposition permet une meilleure répartition de l'effort de traction sur le châssis et de maintenir en permanence les dents 1 dans le sol. Eventuellement, on peut ajouter un dispositif de contrepoids latéraux simplement accrochés au châssis pour le maintenir appuyé et pour bien maintenir les dents enfoncées dans le sol.The front row includes two teeth 1 and the rear row comprises three. This arrangement allows a better distribution of the tensile force on the frame and permanently maintain the teeth 1 in the ground. Optionally, we can add a counterbalance side devices simply hooked to the frame to keep it pressed and to keep the teeth pressed into the ground.

A la figure 3, on peut voir plus en détail le profil des dents creuses distributrices 1. La partie de support 3 comprend une plaque de support 14 et une pièce de renforcement 13 attachée par des moyens de fixation 15 appropriés, comme par exemple, des boulons, des vis, des écrous et analogues. Ces moyens de fixations sont situés sur la plaque support 14. Cette pièce de renforcement 13, la rigidité du châssis 2 et les moyens de fixation des dents sur celui-ci permettent de maintenir en permanence les dents dans le sol et renforce le dispositif dans le but de lui conférer une résistance suffisante contre les efforts dus aux roches et aux pélites qu'il pourrait éventuellement rencontrer. Comme on l'a déjà dit ci-avant, la partie de soc 4 est équipée d'une pointe soudée 5 à l'avant qui assure la pénétration dans le sol. Cette pointe de pénétration de sol 5 est remplaçable en cas d'usure.To the figure 3 , the profile of the hollow distributor teeth 1 can be seen in more detail. The support part 3 comprises a support plate 14 and a reinforcement piece 13 fastened by suitable fastening means 15, for example, bolts, screws , nuts and the like. These fastening means are located on the support plate 14. This reinforcing piece 13, the rigidity of the frame 2 and the means for fixing the teeth thereon make it possible to permanently hold the teeth in the ground and reinforce the device in order to give it sufficient resistance against the forces due to the rocks and pelites that it could possibly encounter . As already mentioned above, the soc part 4 is equipped with a welded tip 5 at the front which ensures penetration into the ground. This ground penetration tip 5 is replaceable in case of wear.

L'invention va maintenant être décrite plus en détail au moyen d'exemples non limitatifs qui sont insérés ici uniquement à des fins illustratives.The invention will now be described in more detail by way of non-limiting examples which are inserted herein for illustrative purposes only.

Exemple comparatif 1Comparative Example 1

Un chantier d'autoroute traversant des argiles à silex, sèches, compactes et sensibles à l'eau, nécessite l'enfouissement de lait de chaux à 400 g/dm3 pour apporter 30 g d'eau et 20 g de chaux vive par kg de sol, soit 12 kg de chaux au m2 et 22 dm3 d'eau au m2.A dry-flint, dry, compact and water-sensitive flint-clad motorway project requires the burial of lime slurry at 400 g / dm 3 to supply 30 g of water and 20 g of quicklime per kg. 12 kg of lime per m 2 and 22 dm 3 of water per m 2 .

La procédure classique suivante de traitement du sol a été adoptée.

  1. 1. Fractionnement et ameublissement du sol par trois passages successifs d'un fractionneur d'une profondeur de 40 cm, assurant une mouture de 500 à 600 mm.
  2. 2. Réduction par broyage de la mouture en surface, à moins de 150 à 200 mm sur une profondeur de 15à 20 cm.
  3. 3. Enfouissement de lait de chaux par citerne agricole, équipée d'un enfouisseur classique à disque combiné et patte d'oie, à raison de 25 dm3/m2, soit 17 g de chaux et 25 g d'eau par kg de sol.
  4. 4. Malaxage à 40 cm de profondeur avec une mouture à moins de 30 mm en un passage.
The following conventional soil treatment procedure was adopted.
  1. 1. Fractionation and loosening of the soil by three successive passages of a fractionator of a depth of 40 cm, ensuring a grinding of 500 to 600 mm.
  2. 2. Grinding reduction of surface grinding to less than 150 to 200 mm to a depth of 15 to 20 cm.
  3. 3. Burying lime by agricultural tank, equipped with a conventional combined disc burner and crow's feet, at a rate of 25 dm 3 / m 2 , ie 17 g of lime and 25 g of water per kg of ground.
  4. 4. Mixing to 40 cm depth with a grind to less than 30 mm in one pass.

A l'issue du traitement, des prélèvements de sols ont été effectués afin d'évaluer en laboratoire la qualité du traitement.At the end of the treatment, soil samples were taken to evaluate the quality of the treatment in the laboratory.

Ce procédé de traitement par équipement traditionnel d'enfouissement a nécessité l'étape 2 de réduction complémentaire de la mouture à moins de 200 mm, afin d'éviter les pertes de lait de chaux, consécutive au soulèvement fréquent des dents de l'enfouisseur.This method of treatment with traditional landfill equipment required the step 2 of complementary reduction of the grinding to less than 200 mm, to avoid loss of whitewash, following the frequent lifting of the teeth of the burner.

Par ailleurs, les essais de laboratoire montrent que la teneur en eau dans le sol est très hétérogène et parfois inférieure au seuil d'alerte, qui est de 95% de la teneur en eau à la densité optimale, voire même du seuil de refus (90% de la teneur en eau à la densité optimale). En effet, la teneur cible en eau est comprise entre 144 g et 177 g par kg de sol. Après un passage de l'enfouisseur traditionnel, la teneur en eau variait entre 119 g et 177 g/kg de sol, montrant des déficits certains par endroit. Par contre, un second passage de l'enfouisseur conduit à des teneurs trop élevées, comprises entre 193 g et 219 g/kg de sol.In addition, laboratory tests show that the water content in the soil is very heterogeneous and sometimes below the alert threshold, which is 95% of the moisture content at the optimum density, or even the refusal threshold ( 90% of the water content at the optimum density). Indeed, the target water content is between 144 g and 177 g per kg of soil. After passing through the traditional landfill, water content ranged from 119 g to 177 g / kg soil, showing some deficits in some areas. By cons, a second passage of the burner leads to too high levels, between 193 g and 219 g / kg of soil.

Un seul passage d'enfouisseur ne permet donc pas d'atteindre la teneur en eau recherchée. Certaines valeurs sont trop faibles et ne permettent pas de réceptionner la plate-forme. Le travail doit être repris. Il faudrait donc pouvoir augmenter la quantité enfouie à chaque passageA single burner passageway therefore does not achieve the desired water content. Some values are too low and do not allow to receive the platform. Work must be resumed. It should therefore be possible to increase the quantity buried at each passage

Par ailleurs, on relève la présence de ruissellement en surface au droit des sillons d'enfouissement. La profondeur de pénétration est trop faible ; il faudrait l'augmenter afin de supprimer le ruissellement.In addition, there is surface runoff to the right of landfill furrows. The depth of penetration is too low; it should be increased to remove runoff.

Enfin, on constate que la dispersion des valeurs de teneur en eau est trop grande, jusqu'à plus de 30% de la valeur ciblée : près de 60 g d'écart par kg de sol (119 g/kg à 177 g/kg) entre les valeurs extrêmes, lors d'un seul passage. La répartition du liquide de traitement dans le sol n'est pas assez régulière.Finally, it is found that the dispersion of the water content values is too great, up to more than 30% of the target value: almost 60 g of difference per kg of soil (119 g / kg to 177 g / kg ) between the extreme values in a single pass. The distribution of the treatment liquid in the soil is not regular enough.

Exemple comparatif 2Comparative Example 2

Un chantier d'autoroute traversant des matériaux évolutifs, du type pélites, roches très compactes qui se délitent toutefois en présence d'eau, nécessite un enfouissement de 50 dm3 d'eau au m2, avant traitement à la chaux.A motorway project traversing evolutive materials, like pelites, very compact rocks that disintegrate in the presence of water, requires a burial of 50 dm 3 of water per m 2 , before lime treatment.

Pour la réalisation d'une arase de terrassement, la procédure classique suivante de traitement du sol a été adoptée.

  1. 1. Fractionnement et ameublissement du sol par un passage d'un fractionneur d'une profondeur de 40 cm, assurant une mouture à moins de 600 mm.
  2. 2. Chargement, évacuation et mise en stock des pélites.
  3. 3. Apport du matériau de substitution.
  4. 4. Humidification du matériau d'apport par enfouisseur traditionnel.
  5. 5. Apport de chaux vive.
  6. 6. Malaxage du sol.
  7. 7. Ajustement de la teneur en eau.
  8. 8. Malaxage du sol.
For the realization of earthworks, the following conventional soil treatment procedure was adopted.
  1. 1. Fractionation and loosening of the soil by a passage of a fractionator of a depth of 40 cm, ensuring a milling less than 600 mm.
  2. 2. Loading, evacuation and storage of pelites.
  3. 3. Contribution of the substitute material.
  4. 4. Humidification of the filler material by traditional filler.
  5. 5. Supply of quicklime.
  6. 6. Soil mixing.
  7. 7. Adjustment of the water content.
  8. 8. Soil mixing.

Ce procédé de traitement par équipement traditionnel d'enfouissement a nécessité les étapes 2 et 3 d'évacuation des pélites et d'apport d'un matériau de substitution.This traditional landfill treatment process required steps 2 and 3 to remove the pelites and add a substitute material.

En effet, les équipements traditionnels d'ajout d'eau ne permettent pas de traiter directement la fraction granulométrique allant jusqu'à 600 mm de ces roches (soulèvement des dents...). Par ailleurs, le nombre de passages nécessaires des engins de fractionnement (bulldozers ou compacteurs équipés de dents de fractionnement) pour réduire la taille des roches à moins de 200 mm serait prohibitif. De plus, des roches de grande taille restent enfouies dans les matériaux, rendant impropre le sol à l'usage recherché, exigeant une granulométrie inférieure à 200 mm. Les pélites sont donc évacuées et remplacées par un matériau fin de substitution, ce qui retarde le chantier et augmente considérablement les coûts.Indeed, the traditional equipment of adding water does not make it possible to directly treat the particle size fraction up to 600 mm of these rocks (lifting of the teeth ...). In addition, the number of passages required for fractionating machines (bulldozers or compactors equipped with splitting teeth) to reduce the size of the rocks to less than 200 mm would be prohibitive. In addition, large rocks remain buried in the materials, making the soil unsuitable for the desired use, requiring a particle size of less than 200 mm. The pelites are thus evacuated and replaced by a fine substitute material, which delays the construction and considerably increases the costs.

Il faudrait donc un équipement qui permette d'enfouir l'eau suffisamment profondément dans le sol afin d'entraîner le délitage des pélites dans la masse du sol travaillé. Ce matériel devra permettre de travailler en présence de blocs de taille jusqu'à 600 mm.It would require equipment that bury the water deep enough in the ground to cause the disintegration of pelites in the mass of soil worked. This material should be able to work in the presence of blocks of size up to 600 mm.

Exemple conforme à l'invention 3Example according to the invention 3

On traite un sol pour la réalisation de l'arase de terrassement d'un chantier d'autoroute, similaire à celui de l'exemple comparatif 2 et comprenant des matériaux du type pélites, très compactes mais se délitant en présence d'eau. On prévoit un enfouissement d'eau avant traitement à la chaux.A soil is treated for the realization of the earthworks of a motorway construction site, similar to that of Comparative Example 2 and comprising materials of the pelite type, very compact but disintegrating in the presence of water. A burial of water is planned before lime treatment.

Une procédure de traitement du sol selon l'invention a été adoptée.

  1. 1. Fractionnement et ameublissement du sol par un passage d'un fractionneur d'une profondeur de 40 cm, assurant une mouture à moins de 600 mm.
  2. 2. Passage d'un compacteur, équipé de dents de fractionnement.
  3. 3. Passage d'un équipement, d'enfouissement, qui participe au décompactage du sol et ajoute 20 dm3 d'eau par m2. Lors de cette même opération d'enfouissement, les blocs de grande taille sont remontés en surface.
  4. 4. Passage d'un compacteur, équipé de dents de fractionnement ou enlèvement de gros blocs.
  5. 5. Enfouissement de lait de chaux avec un équipement, afin d'effectuer un ajout complémentaire de 30 dm3 d'eau par m2 et un apport de chaux correspondant à un dosage de 1,5% par rapport à la matière sèche du sol.
  6. 6. Malaxage du sol.
A soil treatment procedure according to the invention has been adopted.
  1. 1. Fractionation and loosening of the soil by a passage of a fractionator of a depth of 40 cm, ensuring a milling less than 600 mm.
  2. 2. Passage of a compactor, equipped with splitting teeth.
  3. 3. Passage of equipment, burial, which participates in unpacking the soil and adds 20 dm 3 of water per m 2 . During this same landfill operation, the large blocks are raised to the surface.
  4. 4. Passage of a compactor, equipped with splitting teeth or removal of large blocks.
  5. 5. Burying lime milk with equipment, in order to make a complementary addition of 30 dm 3 of water per m 2 and a lime intake corresponding to a dosage of 1.5% in relation to the dry matter of the soil .
  6. 6. Soil mixing.

A l'issue du traitement, des prélèvements de sols ont été effectués afin d'évaluer en laboratoire la qualité du traitement.At the end of the treatment, soil samples were taken to evaluate the quality of the treatment in the laboratory.

Ce procédé de traitement selon l'invention évite tout d'abord les étapes 2 et 3 de l'exemple comparatif 2 d'évacuation des pélites et d'apport d'un matériau de substitution. L'ensemble des étapes 2 à 4 de l'exemple comparatif 2 sont remplacées par une humidification directe des roches grossières au moyen de l'équipement, encadrées par deux opérations de compactage. Le procédé selon l'invention s'avère donc plus simple, plus rapide et moins coûteux, pour les étapes 2 à 4 du procédé.This treatment method according to the invention firstly avoids steps 2 and 3 of Comparative Example 2 for removing pelites and providing a substitute material. All steps 2 to 4 of Comparative Example 2 are replaced by a direct humidification of the coarse rocks by means of the equipment, framed by two compaction operations. The process according to the invention is therefore simpler, faster and less expensive, for steps 2 to 4 of the process.

Par ailleurs, dans le procédé selon l'invention, l'apport d'eau peut facilement être limité à l'étape 3, en évitant tout risque de ruissellement tout en apportant assez d'eau pour le délitage des roches. En effet, le complément d'eau est apporté en réutilisant l'équipement d'enfouissement pour ajouter un lait de chaux plutôt qu'une chaux vive, comme à l'exemple comparatif 2. En effet, l'équipement d'enfouissement permet d'injecter à la profondeur suffisante (35 à 55 cm) un lait de chaux sans risque de ruissellement, présent à l'exemple comparatif 1, avec un équipement traditionnel. Il n'y a pas de correction hydrique nécessaire après l'étape 6, comme c'est le cas dans la solution traditionnelle, aux étapes 7 et 8 de l'exemple comparatif 2.Furthermore, in the process according to the invention, the water supply can easily be limited to step 3, avoiding any risk of runoff while providing enough water for the disintegration of the rocks. In fact, the additional water is provided by reusing the landfill equipment to add a lime milk rather than a quicklime, as in Comparative Example 2. In fact, the landfill makes it possible to injecting at a sufficient depth (35 to 55 cm) a whitewash with no risk of run-off, present in Comparative Example 1, with traditional equipment. There is no water correction necessary after step 6, as is the case in the traditional solution, in steps 7 and 8 of Comparative Example 2.

Le procédé de traitement des sols selon l'invention permet donc la valorisation sur place de pélites qui se présentent initialement sous forme de roches compactes, traditionnellement non réutilisées.The soil treatment method according to the invention therefore allows the on-site valorization of pelites which are initially in the form of compact rocks, traditionally not reused.

De même, contrairement au traitement traditionnel de l'exemple comparatif 1, le procédé selon l'invention permet de respecter scrupuleusement les teneurs en eau recherchées sur TOUTE la largeur de l'équipement, sans zone morte (zone non traitée). Il n'y a donc pas de dispersion importante des valeurs des teneurs en eau selon l'invention, comme c'était le cas avec l'équipement traditionnel de l'exemple comparatif 1. En effet, la teneur en eau du sol variait à peine de ± 2 g/kg sol, pour une cible de 175 g/kgSimilarly, unlike the traditional treatment of Comparative Example 1, the method according to the invention makes it possible to scrupulously respect the desired water content over the entire width of the equipment, without dead zone (untreated zone). There is therefore no significant dispersion of the water content values according to the invention, as was the case with the traditional equipment of Comparative Example 1. In fact, the water content of the soil varied from a penalty of ± 2 g / kg soil, for a target of 175 g / kg

L'équipement d'enfouissement remplit donc plusieurs rôles :

  • l'aide au fractionnement du sol ;
  • l'apport d'eau dans un sol rocailleux, avec une répartition constante dans le sol ;
  • l'enfouissement de la quantité de chaux, nécessaire au traitement du sol.
Landfill equipment thus fulfills several roles:
  • assistance with soil fractionation;
  • the supply of water in rocky soil, with a constant distribution in the soil;
  • the burying of the quantity of lime, necessary for the treatment of the soil.

Pour un apport d'eau limité à 50 dm3/m2, le procédé selon l'invention économise un passage d'enfouisseur (en comparaison avec l'exemple comparatif 1). Par ailleurs, le procédé selon l'invention permet d'éviter l'épandage avec la chaux pulvérulente (en comparaison avec l'exemple comparatif 2) ; il évite également la correction hydrique finale et un passage de malaxage. L'équipement augmente les performances de malaxage, en participant à la réduction de la taille des blocs dans le sol, évite l'usure prématurée ou la rupture des rotors, en permettant l'extraction des blocs de taille importante.For a water supply limited to 50 dm 3 / m 2 , the method of the invention saves a burner passage (compared with Comparative Example 1). Moreover, the process according to the invention makes it possible to avoid spreading with powdered lime (compared with Comparative Example 2); it also avoids the final water correction and a mixing passage. The equipment increases the mixing performance, by helping to reduce the size of the blocks in the soil, avoiding premature wear or rupture of the rotors, allowing the extraction of large blocks.

Il est bien entendu que la présente invention n'est en aucune façon limitée aux formes de réalisations décrites ci-dessus et que bien des modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir du cadre des revendications annexées.It is understood that the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described above and that many modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (5)

  1. Method comprising:
    digging in the ground, up to a predetermined depth, of simultaneously a plurality of parallel trenches, each of said trenches comprising a vertical furrow having a first width (L1) and, at said predetermined depth, a horizontal furrow having a second width (L2) greater than the first, the horizontal furrows of the neighbouring trenches being at least laterally adjacent, and
    deposition, in said trenches, of a continuous stream of liquid, said deposition taking place in all of the horizontal furrows of the trenches over their entire width,
    said method is a method for improving and/or stabilising dry ground sensitive to water containing clay,
    said method further comprising collapse of the ground that covers the stream of treatment liquid deposited in the horizontal furrows with uniform burial of the latter in the ground to be treated,
    characterised in that said deposition of a continuous stream of liquid is a distribution of a treatment liquid, chosen from a milk of lime and an aqueous suspension containing lime.
  2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined depth is a depth of 20 to 75 cm, preferably 35 to 60 cm.
  3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the treatment liquid has a solid content of up to 1000 g/dm3, preferably of approximately 400 g/dm3.
  4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that said distribution provides a flow rate from 20 dm3/m2 to 300 dm3/m2 of treatment liquid.
  5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising, before said digging,
    prior digging in the ground to be treated, up to a predetermined depth, of simultaneously a plurality of prior trenches, comprising a prior vertical furrow having a first width (L1) and, at said predetermined depth, a horizontal furrow having a second width (L2) greater than the first (L1), the prior furrows being dug in parallel in such a way that the prior horizontal furrows are at least laterally adjacent,
    distribution of water into all of the prior horizontal furrows over their entire width, via deposition of a continuous stream of water into said prior horizontal furrows, and
    collapse of the ground that covers the stream of water deposited in the prior horizontal furrows with uniform burial of the water in the ground to be treated.
EP06708388.1A 2005-02-22 2006-02-20 Method for treating soils, in particular water-sensitive dry soils Not-in-force EP1856332B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0501769A FR2882377B1 (en) 2005-02-22 2005-02-22 METHOD FOR TREATING SOIL, ESPECIALLY DRY SOFT SUSCEPTIBLE WITH WATER
PCT/EP2006/060106 WO2006089878A1 (en) 2005-02-22 2006-02-20 Method for treating soils, in particular water-sensitive dry soils

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1856332A1 EP1856332A1 (en) 2007-11-21
EP1856332B1 true EP1856332B1 (en) 2018-04-18

Family

ID=34978946

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06708388.1A Not-in-force EP1856332B1 (en) 2005-02-22 2006-02-20 Method for treating soils, in particular water-sensitive dry soils

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US7918627B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1856332B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101128633B (en)
BR (1) BRPI0607632A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2598320A1 (en)
EA (1) EA010561B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2676282T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2882377B1 (en)
MA (1) MA29373B1 (en)
MX (1) MX2007010242A (en)
PT (1) PT1856332T (en)
TN (1) TNSN07318A1 (en)
UA (1) UA88948C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2006089878A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI123285B (en) * 2009-11-06 2013-01-31 Ari Maennikkoe Method and arrangement for soil consolidation in a state to be consolidated
FR2957947B1 (en) 2010-03-23 2013-03-22 Sc Medinger R & D SOIL COMPACTION PROCESS, APPLICATIONS THEREOF AND DEVICES FOR IMPLEMENTING SAME
WO2012051430A2 (en) 2010-10-13 2012-04-19 Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University Subsurface barrier retention system and methods related thereto
US8920073B2 (en) * 2011-08-16 2014-12-30 Continental Shelf Associates, Inc. Method and apparatus for remediating organic loading of marine sediments
CN105424591B (en) * 2015-11-23 2018-02-16 太原理工大学 The indoor measurement apparatus of soil body penetration resistance under various states
CN113333449B (en) * 2021-07-22 2022-08-26 湖南中森环境科技有限公司 Leaching equipment and leaching method for high-concentration heavy metal contaminated soil

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2193065A (en) * 1939-01-23 1940-03-12 John E Erickson Damming attachment for cultivators
US3405529A (en) * 1967-04-04 1968-10-15 Standard Oil Co Preparation of underground water barriers
US3967564A (en) * 1975-03-03 1976-07-06 Emling Leo B Soil shattering and aerating device
CS196851B1 (en) * 1977-08-01 1980-04-30 Jan Michalko Injection plough
DE2948613C2 (en) * 1979-12-03 1986-07-10 Baustoffwerke Durmersheim GmbH, 7552 Durmersheim Method of soil stabilization with lime
US4303129A (en) * 1980-02-04 1981-12-01 The Hamby Company Furrow damming implement
US4457781A (en) * 1981-12-14 1984-07-03 United States Gypsum Company Method for solidifying waste slime suspensions
DE3540427A1 (en) * 1984-11-15 1986-05-22 Fuji Robin K.K., Tokio/Tokyo CULTIVATOR
GB2180431B (en) * 1985-09-19 1989-08-23 Cecil Augustus Matthews Agricultural method
FR2593531A1 (en) * 1986-01-30 1987-07-31 Chaudouet Marcel Drawn or self-propelled agricultural machine intended to form in situ an underground waterproof film
DE9421169U1 (en) * 1994-02-25 1995-06-22 Kirchhoff-Heine Strassenbaugesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 88085 Langenargen Device for adding aggregates to a soil
US5558471A (en) * 1995-03-23 1996-09-24 Payne; Gary L. Device for injecting chemicals into the soil
DE10111300B4 (en) * 2001-03-09 2007-12-13 Schenk, Jürgen Processing device especially for excavation
CN2626196Y (en) * 2003-06-13 2004-07-21 胡仁 Rotovator
CN2636604Y (en) * 2003-09-17 2004-09-01 王德禄 Multifunctional green Chinese onion planter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2882377B1 (en) 2008-10-24
MX2007010242A (en) 2007-09-07
EA010561B1 (en) 2008-10-30
FR2882377A1 (en) 2006-08-25
BRPI0607632A2 (en) 2009-09-22
MA29373B1 (en) 2008-04-01
EA200701777A1 (en) 2007-12-28
CN101128633B (en) 2012-02-22
CA2598320A1 (en) 2006-08-31
CN101128633A (en) 2008-02-20
EP1856332A1 (en) 2007-11-21
WO2006089878A1 (en) 2006-08-31
US7918627B2 (en) 2011-04-05
TNSN07318A1 (en) 2008-12-31
US20080159812A1 (en) 2008-07-03
PT1856332T (en) 2018-07-17
ES2676282T3 (en) 2018-07-18
UA88948C2 (en) 2009-12-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1856332B1 (en) Method for treating soils, in particular water-sensitive dry soils
CH626131A5 (en)
EP1840267A2 (en) Device and method for injecting cement grout in porous road surfaces
DE2320220A1 (en) SOIL DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND PROCEDURES AND DEVICE FOR IT
FR2853918A1 (en) METHOD AND DEVICE FOR HOT PROCESSING OF A BITUMINOUS COATING
FR2609593A1 (en) Method for improving, maintaining and regenerating stabilised and semi-stabilised turfed areas and appliance for implementing the method and area thus produced
FR2641013A1 (en)
EP0127549B1 (en) Method of constructing sports grounds, and apparatus for carrrying out this method
FR2874223A1 (en) DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REINFORCING A PYLONE FOUNDATION
CH702585A1 (en) System for biological treatment plant effluent.
FR2506800A1 (en) Method of making sports surface - involves simultaneously cutting and filling drainage channels with gravel using plough
FR2509341A1 (en) PROCESS FOR FIXING AND / OR STABILIZING FLOORS
FR2568905A2 (en) Method for developing a sportsfield or a playing field
CA1255111A (en) Trenching method and apparatus
FR2468693A1 (en) Stabilised ground for playing field - has non woven resin fabric filter layer to prevent fine particle migration
FI95951B (en) Arrangement for feeding filler material into the trench
CA2212928A1 (en) Mixture of granular materials for soil reinforcement, and method for making same
EP3623065B1 (en) Method for injecting a pollution-removing product into soil in the form of a helical strip and corresponding apparatus
EP3702553B1 (en) Method for producing an artificial pool with natural purification
WO1998039959A1 (en) Method and installation for renovating soils planted with turf
FR2742456A1 (en) Rainwater drainage system for grass playing fields
FR2705702A1 (en) Method for consolidating banks
FI97486C (en) Device for feeding filter material into a ditch
FR2755343A1 (en) Agricultural machine for working the soil
FR2481335A1 (en) Method of construction of roadway - involves filling parallel trenches with hardenable mixture to form solid embedded strips of road

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20070920

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20141217

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20171115

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602006055158

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 990624

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180515

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PT

Ref legal event code: SC4A

Ref document number: 1856332

Country of ref document: PT

Date of ref document: 20180717

Kind code of ref document: T

Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION

Effective date: 20180711

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2676282

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

Effective date: 20180718

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20180418

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180718

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180719

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 990624

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20180418

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602006055158

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20190121

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 602006055158

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20190220

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190220

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20190228

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190228

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190903

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190220

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190220

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20190228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180418

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20180818

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20060220

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Payment date: 20220210

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20220216

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20220311

Year of fee payment: 17

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230821

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230228

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20240405

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230221

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230221