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EP1847777B1 - Glow plug with integrated pressure sensor - Google Patents

Glow plug with integrated pressure sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1847777B1
EP1847777B1 EP07450039A EP07450039A EP1847777B1 EP 1847777 B1 EP1847777 B1 EP 1847777B1 EP 07450039 A EP07450039 A EP 07450039A EP 07450039 A EP07450039 A EP 07450039A EP 1847777 B1 EP1847777 B1 EP 1847777B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
glow plug
pressure sensor
combustion chamber
pressure
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07450039A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1847777A3 (en
EP1847777A2 (en
Inventor
Alexander Schricker
Alexander Friedl
Michael Hirschler
Dietmar KRÖGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Piezocryst Advanced Sensorics GmbH
Original Assignee
Piezocryst Advanced Sensorics GmbH
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1847777A2 publication Critical patent/EP1847777A2/en
Publication of EP1847777A3 publication Critical patent/EP1847777A3/en
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Publication of EP1847777B1 publication Critical patent/EP1847777B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P19/00—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition
    • F02P19/02—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs
    • F02P19/028—Incandescent ignition, e.g. during starting of internal combustion engines; Combination of incandescent and spark ignition electric, e.g. layout of circuits of apparatus having glowing plugs the glow plug being combined with or used as a sensor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/002—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines with sensing means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glow plug with integrated pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein the housing of the glow plug has an incandescent filament receiving, combustion chamber side region with reduced diameter, which ends in a protruding into the combustion chamber tip, wherein the pressure sensor in the radial Direction can be acted upon with pressure and uncooled in the combustion chamber side region of the glow plug and the filament of the glow plug is guided past the pressure sensor to the top of the glow plug.
  • An essential variable for the assessment of the combustion process in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber. Efforts are therefore made to make the combustion chamber accessible to pressure measurement in order to accomplish pressure-controlled engine control. Since it is not economical to accomplish a further bore or passage to the combustion chamber for the pressure measurement, it is desirable to make any changes to the combustion chamber geometry, so that existing holes for the spark plug or the glow plug are used for the pressure measurement.
  • a device in which the spark plug is additionally used for the pressure measurement function for example, from AT 402.116 B known.
  • this measuring device an annular pressure measuring element is provided, on which the insulating body of the spark plug is supported against the plug housing.
  • the pressure applied to the spark plug is transmitted to the annular sensing element, a major drawback of this type of pressure sensing being that a relatively large mass, namely the insulating body of the spark plug, has a negative impact on the pressure measurement.
  • a Druckmessglühkerze for a diesel engine which has a heating element in the plug body, and a pressure sensor which generates a pressure corresponding to the pressure in the combustion chamber of the cylinder, which pressure is transmitted via the plug body or the heating element.
  • the pressure sensor is arranged in the plug body between this and the heating element, or its inner pole, so that it is loaded by the transmitted pressure.
  • a glow plug which receives an incandescent filament in its housing, wherein a thin-film pressure sensor is arranged in the combustion chamber side region of the glow plug.
  • the filament of the glow plug leads past the pressure sensor to the top of the glow plug.
  • Another pressure measuring device which is integrated in a glow plug, is from the EP 1 096 141 A2 in which a pressure sensor is arranged between the housing and the glow plug of a glow plug guided in the housing and is located in the cool region of the glow plug facing away from the combustion chamber.
  • the disadvantage is that relatively large masses must be moved in the pressure measurement, which has a negative impact on the pressure measurement signal.
  • the spark plug is formed with a continuous, off-center in the housing of the spark plug Provided longitudinal bore, which is slightly inclined to the spark plug and a pressure measuring device receives, the pressure measuring element is arranged close to the combustion chamber.
  • the housing diameter of such arrangements is relatively large, so that use in a Glühwbohrung is not possible.
  • Pressure sensors can also be used with a suitable adapter in glow plug bores of internal combustion engines, as a design according to the prior art (see Fig. 1 ) shows.
  • the pressure sensor 2 is used to measure the pressure in the combustion chamber 3 of an internal combustion engine with the aid of a glow plug adapter 11 in a glow plug bore 4.
  • the uncooled pressure sensor 2 is located in the front part of the housing 6 and is acted upon via a sensor membrane 12 with the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber.
  • the adapter 11 has a projecting into the combustion chamber 3 top 10, which corresponds to the outer contour of a glow plug or a glow plug.
  • gas exchange channels 13 are arranged, via which the sensor membrane 12 is in communication with the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber 3 of the internal combustion engine.
  • the glow plug adapter 11, in which the pressure sensor 2 is installed in a front-sealing manner, has a sealing cone 7, which bears sealingly against the sealing seat 5 of the glow plug bore 4.
  • the force is applied to the measuring element 2 parallel to the axis 1 'on the one hand via the sensor membrane 12 and on the other hand via the adapter housing 6 on the opposite side.
  • the glow plug adapter can not take over the function of a glow plug, since its tip is not heated and thus a deviating from the real conditions measurement situation is created.
  • the object of the invention is to improve a glow plug with integrated pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine such that their function and external shape remain unchanged, with a combustion chamber near mounting of the pressure sensor, short indexing and low masses to be moved are desirable.
  • a piezoelectric pressure sensor is disposed in a continuous, radial opening or bore of the combustion chamber side region of the glow plug between two opposing membranes, wherein the filament is passed to the piezoelectric pressure sensor over to the top of the glow plug.
  • the piezoelectric pressure sensor is sealed at both ends with a membrane.
  • the two diaphragms define the main pressure direction to the measuring elements in the pressure sensor, the rest of the sensor housing is used to fix the measuring elements, and the charge dissipation and prevents the measuring elements are pressurized on all sides.
  • the pressure sensor according to the invention is preferably cylindrical, and has two opposite membranes, which in turn initiate force into the piezoelectric measuring elements when pressure is applied.
  • the membranes need not necessarily be made of metal, but may also be made of glass, sapphire glass or ceramic and are preferably connected directly to the measuring element.
  • the cylindrical tube encloses the measuring element in the form that a pressure prevailing on all sides does not reach the lateral surfaces of the measuring element via the lateral surfaces, but can be introduced mainly via the membrane lying on the end surfaces along the axial direction of the tube.
  • the measuring element is preferably oriented so that the resulting polarization upon pressurization can be tapped over the side surfaces. These side surfaces in turn are in contact with electrodes, wherein either both electrodes can be contacted via their own signal leads, or an electrode can be in contact with the housing of the glow plug.
  • a piezoelectric measuring element made of a high-temperature-stable material, for example, GaPO 4 , or based on thin-film technology is used according to the invention.
  • the in the Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 illustrated glow plug 1 has an integrated pressure sensor 2, wherein the function of the glow plug is completely retained.
  • the pressure sensor 2 is used to measure the pressure in the combustion chamber 3 of an internal combustion engine, not shown, wherein the glow plug 1 is inserted into a glow plug hole 4, which has a conical sealing seat 5.
  • the housing 6 of the glow plug 1 then has a slender, combustion-chamber-side region 9 with a diameter ⁇ 5 mm on a sealing cone 7 cooperating with the sealing seat 5.
  • the combustion chamber-side region 9 ends in the rounded tip 10 of the glow plug 1, which protrudes a small distance into the combustion chamber 3.
  • a piezoelectric pressure sensor 2a is used, which is arranged uncooled in the combustion chamber side region 9 of the glow plug 1.
  • the pressure sensor 2 a is pressurized in the radial direction, ie, normal to the axis 1 'of the glow plug 1, with the incandescent filament 8 of the glow plug 1 being led past the pressure sensor 2 a to the tip 10 of the glow plug 1.
  • the piezoelectric pressure sensor 2 a is arranged in a continuous, radial bore 16 of the combustion chamber-side region 9 of the glow plug 1 between two opposing membranes 14.
  • the filament 8 can - as in detail from the FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 recognizable - be performed on the piezoelectric pressure sensor 2a over to the tip 10 of the glow plug. This results in a very compact structure, which has a diameter ⁇ 5 mm in the region of the pressure sensor.
  • the piezoelectric pressure sensor 2a consists essentially of a closed at both ends by the membranes 14 measuring tube 15, which in the radial bore 16 is inserted and its longitudinal axis 15 'is normal to the longitudinal axis 1' of the glow plug.
  • Two or more plate-shaped measuring elements 17 may be arranged between the membranes 14, wherein the narrow sides of the measuring elements 17 are in contact with the membranes 14 by utilizing the transverse piezoelectric effect.
  • a plurality of disk-shaped measuring elements are arranged as the measuring element stack in the measuring tube 15.
  • a flat discharge electrode 18 is arranged between the pairs of piezoelectric measuring elements 17, whereby at least one signal discharge 19 takes place through an opening 20 in the casing of the measuring tube 15.
  • the second sides of the measuring elements 17 are connected via spring elements 27 with the measuring tube 15 and therefore with the plug housing 6 in electrically conductive connection. It is also possible to provide 17 signal leads for both electrodes of the measuring elements.
  • the charge dissipation is preferably carried out in the interior of the glow plug 1, protected by a thin guide tube 28.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Glühkerze mit integriertem Drucksensor für die Messung des Druckes im Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine, wobei das Gehäuse der Glühkerze einen eine Glühwendel aufnehmenden, brennraumseitigen Bereich mit reduziertem Durchmesser aufweist, welcher in einer in den Brennraum ragenden Spitze endet, wobei der Drucksensor in radialer Richtung mit Druck beaufschlagbar sowie ungekühlt im brennraumseitigen Bereich der Glühkerze angeordnet ist und die Glühwendel der Glühkerze am Drucksensor vorbei zur Spitze der Glühkerze geführt ist.The invention relates to a glow plug with integrated pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, wherein the housing of the glow plug has an incandescent filament receiving, combustion chamber side region with reduced diameter, which ends in a protruding into the combustion chamber tip, wherein the pressure sensor in the radial Direction can be acted upon with pressure and uncooled in the combustion chamber side region of the glow plug and the filament of the glow plug is guided past the pressure sensor to the top of the glow plug.

Eine wesentliche Größe für die Beurteilung des Verbrennungsablaufes im Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine ist der im Brennraum herrschende Druck. Um eine druckgeführte Motorsteuerung zu bewerkstelligen, werden daher Anstrengungen gemacht, den Brennraum der Druckmessung zugängig zu machen. Da es nicht wirtschaftlich ist, für die Druckmessung eine weitere Bohrung, bzw. Durchführung zum Brennraum zu bewerkstelligen, ist es wünschenswert möglichst keine Änderungen an der Brennraumgeometrie vorzunehmen, so dass für die Druckmessung bereits vorhandene Bohrungen für die Zündkerze oder die Glühkerze verwendet werden.An essential variable for the assessment of the combustion process in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber. Efforts are therefore made to make the combustion chamber accessible to pressure measurement in order to accomplish pressure-controlled engine control. Since it is not economical to accomplish a further bore or passage to the combustion chamber for the pressure measurement, it is desirable to make any changes to the combustion chamber geometry, so that existing holes for the spark plug or the glow plug are used for the pressure measurement.

Eine Vorrichtung, bei welcher die Zündkerze zusätzlich für die Druckmessfunktion dient, ist beispielsweise aus der AT 402.116 B bekannt geworden. Bei dieser Messvorrichtung ist ein ringförmiges Druckmesselement vorgesehen, an welchem sich der Isolierkörper der Zündkerze gegen das Kerzengehäuse abstützt. Es wird somit der an der Zündkerze anliegende Druck auf das ringförmige Messelement übertragen, wobei ein wesentlicher Nachteil dieser Art der Druckmessung darin zu sehen ist, dass eine relativ große Masse, nämlich die des Isolierkörpers der Zündkerze, negative Auswirkungen auf die Druckmessung hat.A device in which the spark plug is additionally used for the pressure measurement function, for example, from AT 402.116 B known. In this measuring device, an annular pressure measuring element is provided, on which the insulating body of the spark plug is supported against the plug housing. Thus, the pressure applied to the spark plug is transmitted to the annular sensing element, a major drawback of this type of pressure sensing being that a relatively large mass, namely the insulating body of the spark plug, has a negative impact on the pressure measurement.

Ähnliche Nachteile ergeben sich auch im Zusammenhang mit Drucksensoren, welche für Glühkerzenbohrungen adaptiert sind, bei welchen ringförmige Drucksensoren zwischen Messsonde und Dichtsitz angeordnet sind. Lösungen, bei denen der Glühstift beweglich geführt ist und im vom Brennraum abgewandten Teil des Glühstifts auf ein Messelement drückt, zeigen Langzeiteffekte aufgrund von sich aufbauenden Ablagerungen an den Kontaktflächen zwischen Glühstift und Glühkerzengehäuse auf.Similar disadvantages also arise in connection with pressure sensors which are adapted for glow plug bores in which annular pressure sensors are arranged between the measuring probe and the sealing seat. Solutions in which the glow plug is movably guided and presses on a measuring element in the part of the glow plug facing away from the combustion chamber show long-term effects due to buildup of deposits on the contact surfaces between glow plug and glow plug housing.

Aus der DE 103 46 330 A1 ist beispielsweise eine Druckmessglühkerze für einen Dieselmotor bekannt geworden, die einen Heizstab im Kerzenkörper aufweist, sowie einen Drucksensor, der ein dem Druck im Brennraum des Zylinders entsprechendes Signal erzeugt, welcher Druck über den Kerzenkörper oder den Heizstab übertragen wird. Der Drucksensor ist im Kerzenkörper zwischen diesem und dem Heizstab, bzw. seinem Innenpol, so angeordnet, dass er durch den übertragenen Druck belastet wird.From the DE 103 46 330 A1 For example, a Druckmessglühkerze for a diesel engine has become known, which has a heating element in the plug body, and a pressure sensor which generates a pressure corresponding to the pressure in the combustion chamber of the cylinder, which pressure is transmitted via the plug body or the heating element. The pressure sensor is arranged in the plug body between this and the heating element, or its inner pole, so that it is loaded by the transmitted pressure.

Aus der EP 0 548 043 A2 sind für Glühstifte geeignete brennraumseitige, ungekühlte Drucksensoren bekannt, welche einen vom zu messenden Druck verformbaren Membranteil aufweisen, der aus zwei mit geringem radialen Abstand, konzentrisch zueinander angeordneten zylindrischen Bereichen besteht, die in entgegengesetzten, radialen Richtungen mit Druck beaufschlagt werden. Die spezielle Anordnung dient zur Kompensation von Temperatureinflüssen auf das Messsignal des Sensors.From the EP 0 548 043 A2 are suitable for Glühstifte combustion chamber side, uncooled pressure sensors known which have a deformable from the pressure to be measured diaphragm member which consists of two with a small radial distance, concentrically arranged cylindrical portions which are acted upon in opposite radial directions with pressure. The special arrangement is used to compensate for temperature influences on the measuring signal of the sensor.

Aus der EP 1 530 037 A1 ist eine Glühkerze bekannt, die in ihrem Gehäuse eine Glühwendel aufnimmt, wobei im brennraumseitigen Bereich der Glühkerze ein Dünnschicht-Drucksensor angeordnet ist. Die Glühwendel der Glühkerze führt am Drucksensor vorbei zur Spitze der Glühkerze.From the EP 1 530 037 A1 a glow plug is known which receives an incandescent filament in its housing, wherein a thin-film pressure sensor is arranged in the combustion chamber side region of the glow plug. The filament of the glow plug leads past the pressure sensor to the top of the glow plug.

Eine weitere Druckmesseinrichtung, welche in eine Glühkerze integriert ist, ist aus der EP 1 096 141 A2 bekannt, bei welcher ein Drucksensor zwischen dem Gehäuse und dem im Gehäuse geführten Glühstift einer Glühkerze angeordnet ist und im vom Brennraum abgewandten, kühlen Bereich der Glühkerze liegt. Bei dieser Anordnungen besteht der Nachteil darin, dass relativ große Massen bei der Druckmessung bewegt werden müssen, was negative Auswirkungen auf das Druckmesssignal hat.Another pressure measuring device, which is integrated in a glow plug, is from the EP 1 096 141 A2 in which a pressure sensor is arranged between the housing and the glow plug of a glow plug guided in the housing and is located in the cool region of the glow plug facing away from the combustion chamber. In these arrangements, the disadvantage is that relatively large masses must be moved in the pressure measurement, which has a negative impact on the pressure measurement signal.

Aus der DE 10 2004 047 143 A1 und der WO 2006/089446 A1 ist es jeweils bekannt, bei einer Glühkerze mit integriertem Drucksensor einen piezoelektrischen Sensor ungekühlt im brennraumseitigen Bereich der Glühkerze anzuordnen, wobei die elektrische Anschlussleitung der Glühwendel durch den Drucksensor hindurch zur Spitze der Glühkerze geführt ist. Der piezoelektrische Drucksensor wird axial mit Druck beaufschlagt, wobei die weiter oben beispielsweise anhand der EP 1 096 141 A2 angeführten Nachteile auftreten.From the DE 10 2004 047 143 A1 and the WO 2006/089446 A1 It is in each case known to arrange a piezoelectric sensor uncooled in the combustion chamber side region of the glow plug in a glow plug with integrated pressure sensor, wherein the electrical connection line of the filament is passed through the pressure sensor to the tip of the glow plug. The piezoelectric pressure sensor is pressurized axially, the above, for example, with reference to EP 1 096 141 A2 mentioned disadvantages occur.

Es ist daher von Vorteil die im Zusammenhang mit der Druckmessung bewegten Massen klein zu halten und das Druckmesselement, bzw. den Drucksensor möglichst nahe an den Brennraum heranzubringen. Dies kann beispielsweise mit einer Druckmesseinrichtung bewerkstelligt werden, welche gemäß EP 1 074 828 A2 in eine Zündkerze integriert ist. Zu diesem Zweck ist die Zündkerze mit einer durchgehenden, außermittig im Gehäuse der Zündkerze ausgebildeten Längsbohrung versehen, welche zur Zündkerzenachse leicht geneigt ist und eine Druckmesseinrichtung aufnimmt, deren Druckmesselement nahe am Brennraum angeordnet ist. Der Gehäusedurchmesser derartiger Anordnungen ist aber relativ groß, so dass ein Einsatz in eine Glühstiftbohrung nicht möglich ist.It is therefore advantageous to keep the masses moved in connection with the pressure measurement small and bring the pressure measuring element or the pressure sensor as close as possible to the combustion chamber. This can be accomplished for example with a pressure measuring device, which according to EP 1 074 828 A2 integrated into a spark plug. For this purpose, the spark plug is formed with a continuous, off-center in the housing of the spark plug Provided longitudinal bore, which is slightly inclined to the spark plug and a pressure measuring device receives, the pressure measuring element is arranged close to the combustion chamber. The housing diameter of such arrangements is relatively large, so that use in a Glühstiftbohrung is not possible.

Drucksensoren sind auch unter Verwendung eines geeigneten Adapters in Glühkerzenbohrungen von Brennkraftmaschinen einsetzbar, wie eine Ausführung gemäß Stand der Technik (siehe Fig. 1) zeigt. Der Drucksensor 2 wird zur Messung des Druckes im Brennraum 3 einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Hilfe eines Glühkerzenadapters 11 in eine Glühkerzenbohrung 4 eingesetzt. Der ungekühlte Drucksensor 2 befindet sich im vorderen Teil des Gehäuses 6 und wird über eine Sensormembran 12 mit dem im Brennraum herrschenden Druck beaufschlagt. Der Adapter 11 weist eine in den Brennraum 3 ragende Spitze 10 auf, welche der äußeren Kontur eines Glühstiftes bzw. einer Glühkerze entspricht. In der Spitze 10 sind Gaswechselkanäle 13 angeordnet, über welche die Sensormembran 12 mit dem im Brennraum 3 der Brennkraftmaschine herrschenden Druck in Verbindung steht. Der Glühkerzenadapter 11, in welchen der Drucksensor 2 frontdichtend eingebaut wird, weist einen Dichtkonus 7 auf, welcher am Dichtsitz 5 der Glühkerzenbohrung 4 dichtend anliegt.Pressure sensors can also be used with a suitable adapter in glow plug bores of internal combustion engines, as a design according to the prior art (see Fig. 1 ) shows. The pressure sensor 2 is used to measure the pressure in the combustion chamber 3 of an internal combustion engine with the aid of a glow plug adapter 11 in a glow plug bore 4. The uncooled pressure sensor 2 is located in the front part of the housing 6 and is acted upon via a sensor membrane 12 with the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber. The adapter 11 has a projecting into the combustion chamber 3 top 10, which corresponds to the outer contour of a glow plug or a glow plug. In the tip 10 gas exchange channels 13 are arranged, via which the sensor membrane 12 is in communication with the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber 3 of the internal combustion engine. The glow plug adapter 11, in which the pressure sensor 2 is installed in a front-sealing manner, has a sealing cone 7, which bears sealingly against the sealing seat 5 of the glow plug bore 4.

Bei dieser bekannten Ausführung wird die Kraft auf das Messelement 2 parallel zur Achse 1' einerseits über die Sensormembran 12 und andererseits über das Adaptergehäuse 6 auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite eingeleitet. Nachteiligerweise kann der Glühkerzenadapter nicht die Funktion einer Glühkerze übernehmen, da dessen Spitze nicht heizbar ist und so eine von den realen Bedingungen abweichende Messsituation geschaffen wird.In this known embodiment, the force is applied to the measuring element 2 parallel to the axis 1 'on the one hand via the sensor membrane 12 and on the other hand via the adapter housing 6 on the opposite side. Disadvantageously, the glow plug adapter can not take over the function of a glow plug, since its tip is not heated and thus a deviating from the real conditions measurement situation is created.

Messsonden mit brennraumferner Anordnung der Sensormembran sowie des Druckmesselementes (beispielsweise im Bereich des Glühkerzendichtsitzes) weisen lange Gaswechselkanäle auf, welche zu messtechnisch unerwünschten Pfeifenschwingungen führen.Measuring probes with arrangement of the sensor membrane and the pressure measuring element (for example in the region of the glow plug sealing seat), which are remote from the combustion chamber, have long gas exchange channels, which lead to metrologically unwanted whistling vibrations.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Glühkerze mit integriertem Drucksensor für die Messung des Druckes im Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine derart zu verbessern, dass deren Funktion und äußere Form unverändert bleiben, wobei eine brennraumnahe Anbringung des Drucksensors, kurze Indizierkanäle und geringe zu bewegende Massen anzustreben sind.The object of the invention is to improve a glow plug with integrated pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine such that their function and external shape remain unchanged, with a combustion chamber near mounting of the pressure sensor, short indexing and low masses to be moved are desirable.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass ein piezoelektrischer Drucksensor in einer durchgehenden, radialen Öffnung oder Bohrung des brennraumseitigen Bereiches der Glühkerze zwischen zwei gegenüberliegenden Membranen angeordnet ist, wobei die Glühwendel am piezoelektrischen Drucksensor vorbei zur Spitze der Glühkerze geführt ist.This object is achieved in that a piezoelectric pressure sensor is disposed in a continuous, radial opening or bore of the combustion chamber side region of the glow plug between two opposing membranes, wherein the filament is passed to the piezoelectric pressure sensor over to the top of the glow plug.

Der piezoelektrische Drucksensor ist an beiden Enden mit einer Membran abgedichtet. Die beiden Membranen definieren die Hauptdruckrichtung auf die Messelemente im Drucksensor, das übrige Sensorgehäuse dient der Fixierung der Messelemente, sowie der Ladungsableitung und verhindert, dass die Messelemente allseitig mit Druck beaufschlagt werden.The piezoelectric pressure sensor is sealed at both ends with a membrane. The two diaphragms define the main pressure direction to the measuring elements in the pressure sensor, the rest of the sensor housing is used to fix the measuring elements, and the charge dissipation and prevents the measuring elements are pressurized on all sides.

Gemäß einer erfindungsgemäßen Variante weist der piezoelektrische Drucksensor ein an beiden Enden durch jeweils eine Membran verschlossenes Messröhrchen auf, das in die radiale Bohrung eingesetzt ist und dessen Längsachse normal auf die Längsachse der Glühkerze steht, wobei zwischen den Membranen zumindest ein piezoelektrisches Messelement angeordnet ist. Das Messröhrchen weist im Bereich der Glühkerzenachse eine Öffnung auf, durch die das gemessene Signal abgeleitet werden kann. Ein dementsprechend adaptiertes Glühkerzengehäuse weist folgende Vorteile auf:

  • brennraumnahe Messmembran
  • geringste Massen vor dem Messelement
  • Direkteinbau der Messsonde ohne Adapter
  • hohe Signalqualität und großer Informationsgehalt des Drucksignals
  • Raum für die Vorbeileitung einer Glühwendel
  • Volle Funktion als Glühkerze
  • Vermeidung von Pfeifenschwingungen aufgrund der kurzen Gaswege
According to a variant of the invention, the piezoelectric pressure sensor has a sealed at both ends by a respective membrane measuring tube, which is inserted into the radial bore and whose longitudinal axis is normal to the longitudinal axis of the glow plug, wherein between the membranes at least one piezoelectric measuring element is arranged. The measuring tube has an opening in the region of the glow plug axis, through which the measured signal can be derived. A suitably adapted glow plug housing has the following advantages:
  • combustion chamber near measuring diaphragm
  • lowest masses in front of the measuring element
  • Direct installation of the probe without adapter
  • high signal quality and high information content of the pressure signal
  • Room for the passage of a filament
  • Full function as a glow plug
  • Avoidance of pipe vibrations due to the short gas paths

Der erfindungsgemäße Drucksensor ist bevorzugt zylinderförmig ausgeführt, und weist zwei gegenüberliegende Membranen auf, die bei Druckbeaufschlagung ihrerseits Kraft in das bzw. die piezoelektrischen Messelemente einleiten. Die Membranen müssen nicht notwendigerweise aus Metall sein, sondern können auch aus Glas, Saphirglas oder Keramik bestehen und sind vorzugsweise direkt mit dem Messelement verbunden. Das zylinderförmige Rohr umschließt das Messelement in der Form, dass ein allseitig herrschender Druck nicht über die Mantelflächen an die Seitenflächen des Messelementes gelangt, sondern hauptsächlich über die an den Stirnflächen liegenden Membrane entlang der Achsenrichtung des Rohres eingeleitet werden kann. Das Messelement ist vorzugsweise so ausgerichtet, dass die bei Druckbeaufschlagung entstehende Polarisation über die Seitenflächen abgegriffen werden kann. Diese Seitenflächen sind ihrerseits mit Elektroden in Kontakt, wobei entweder beide Elektroden über eigene Signalableitungen kontaktiert werden können, oder eine Elektrode mit dem Gehäuse der Glühkerze in Kontakt stehen kann.The pressure sensor according to the invention is preferably cylindrical, and has two opposite membranes, which in turn initiate force into the piezoelectric measuring elements when pressure is applied. The membranes need not necessarily be made of metal, but may also be made of glass, sapphire glass or ceramic and are preferably connected directly to the measuring element. The cylindrical tube encloses the measuring element in the form that a pressure prevailing on all sides does not reach the lateral surfaces of the measuring element via the lateral surfaces, but can be introduced mainly via the membrane lying on the end surfaces along the axial direction of the tube. The measuring element is preferably oriented so that the resulting polarization upon pressurization can be tapped over the side surfaces. These side surfaces in turn are in contact with electrodes, wherein either both electrodes can be contacted via their own signal leads, or an electrode can be in contact with the housing of the glow plug.

Für die brennraumnahe Druckmessung wird erfindungsgemäß ein piezoelektrische Messelement aus einem hochtemperaturstabilen Material, beispielsweise aus GaPO4, oder basierend auf Dünnfilmtechnik, verwendet.For the near-combustion pressure measurement, a piezoelectric measuring element made of a high-temperature-stable material, for example, GaPO 4 , or based on thin-film technology is used according to the invention.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Druckmesssonde gemäß Stand der Technik in einer Schnitt- darstellung;
Fig. 2
eine erfindungsgemäße Glühkerze mit integriertem Drucksensor in einer Schnittdarstellung;
Fig. 3
ein vergrößertes Detail III aus Fig. 2; sowie
Fig. 4
das Detail III in einer um 90° gedrehten Darstellung.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a pressure measuring probe according to the prior art in a sectional view;
Fig. 2
a glow plug according to the invention with integrated pressure sensor in a sectional view;
Fig. 3
an enlarged detail III Fig. 2 ; such as
Fig. 4
the detail III in a rotated by 90 ° representation.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Druckmesssonde gemäß Stand der Technik wurde bereits in der Beschreibungseinleitung erläutert.In the Fig. 1 illustrated pressure measuring probe according to the prior art has already been explained in the introduction to the description.

Die in den Fig. 2 bis Fig. 4 dargestellte Glühkerze 1 weist einen integrierten Drucksensor 2 auf, wobei die Funktion der Glühkerze vollständig erhalten bleibt. Der Drucksensor 2 dient zur Messung des Druckes im Brennraum 3 einer nicht weiter dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine, wobei die Glühkerze 1 in eine Glühkerzenbohrung 4 eingesetzt ist, welche einen konischen Dichtsitz 5 aufweist. Das Gehäuse 6 der Glühkerze 1 weist anschließend an einen mit dem Dichtsitz 5 zusammenwirkenden Dichtkonus 7 einen schlanken, brennraumseitigen Bereich 9 mit einem Durchmesser <5 mm auf. Der brennraumseitige Bereich 9 endet in der abgerundeten Spitze 10 der Glühkerze 1, welche ein kleines Stück in den Brennraum 3 hineinragt. In der ersten Ausführungsvariante gemäß Fig. 2 bis Fig. 4 wird ein piezoelektrischer Drucksensor 2a verwendet, welcher ungekühlt im brennraumseitigen Bereich 9 der Glühkerze 1 angeordnet ist. Der Drucksensor 2a wird in radialer Richtung, d.h. normal zur Achse 1' der Glühkerze 1, mit Druck beaufschlagt, wobei die Glühwendel 8 der Glühkerze 1 am Drucksensor 2a vorbei zur Spitze 10 der Glühkerze 1 geführt ist.The in the Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 illustrated glow plug 1 has an integrated pressure sensor 2, wherein the function of the glow plug is completely retained. The pressure sensor 2 is used to measure the pressure in the combustion chamber 3 of an internal combustion engine, not shown, wherein the glow plug 1 is inserted into a glow plug hole 4, which has a conical sealing seat 5. The housing 6 of the glow plug 1 then has a slender, combustion-chamber-side region 9 with a diameter <5 mm on a sealing cone 7 cooperating with the sealing seat 5. The combustion chamber-side region 9 ends in the rounded tip 10 of the glow plug 1, which protrudes a small distance into the combustion chamber 3. In the first embodiment according to Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 a piezoelectric pressure sensor 2a is used, which is arranged uncooled in the combustion chamber side region 9 of the glow plug 1. The pressure sensor 2 a is pressurized in the radial direction, ie, normal to the axis 1 'of the glow plug 1, with the incandescent filament 8 of the glow plug 1 being led past the pressure sensor 2 a to the tip 10 of the glow plug 1.

Der piezoelektrische Drucksensor 2a ist in einer durchgehenden, radialen Bohrung 16 des brennraumseitigen Bereiches 9 der Glühkerze 1 zwischen zwei gegenüberliegenden Membranen 14 angeordnet. Die Glühwendel 8 kann - wie im Detail aus den Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 erkennbar - am piezoelektrischen Drucksensor 2a vorbei zur Spitze 10 der Glühkerze geführt werden. Dadurch entsteht ein sehr kompakter Aufbau, welcher im Bereich des Drucksensors einen Durchmesser <5 mm aufweist.The piezoelectric pressure sensor 2 a is arranged in a continuous, radial bore 16 of the combustion chamber-side region 9 of the glow plug 1 between two opposing membranes 14. The filament 8 can - as in detail from the FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 recognizable - be performed on the piezoelectric pressure sensor 2a over to the tip 10 of the glow plug. This results in a very compact structure, which has a diameter <5 mm in the region of the pressure sensor.

Der piezoelektrische Drucksensor 2a besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem an beiden Enden durch die Membranen 14 verschlossenen Messröhrchen 15, das in die radiale Bohrung 16 eingesetzt ist und dessen Längsachse 15' normal auf die Längsachse 1' der Glühkerze steht. Es können zwei oder mehrere plättchenförmigen Messelemente 17 zwischen den Membranen 14 angeordnet sein, wobei unter Ausnutzung des transversalen Piezoeffektes die Schmalseiten der Messelemente 17 mit den Membranen 14 in Kontakt stehen. Es sind auch Ausführungsvarianten denkbar, bei welchen mehrere scheibchenförmige Messelemente als Messelementstapel im Messröhrchen 15 angeordnet sind.The piezoelectric pressure sensor 2a consists essentially of a closed at both ends by the membranes 14 measuring tube 15, which in the radial bore 16 is inserted and its longitudinal axis 15 'is normal to the longitudinal axis 1' of the glow plug. Two or more plate-shaped measuring elements 17 may be arranged between the membranes 14, wherein the narrow sides of the measuring elements 17 are in contact with the membranes 14 by utilizing the transverse piezoelectric effect. Embodiments are also conceivable in which a plurality of disk-shaped measuring elements are arranged as the measuring element stack in the measuring tube 15.

In der dargestellten Variante ist zwischen den paarweise angeordneten, piezoelektrischen Messelementen 17 eine flächige Ableitelektrode 18 angeordnet, wobei zumindest eine Signalableitung 19 durch eine Öffnung 20 im Mantel des Messröhrchens 15 erfolgt. Die zweiten Seiten der Messelemente 17 stehen über Federelemente 27 mit dem Messröhrchen 15 und daher mit dem Kerzengehäuse 6 in elektrisch leitender Verbindung. Es ist auch möglich für beide Elektroden der Messelemente 17 Signalableitungen vorzusehen.In the illustrated variant, a flat discharge electrode 18 is arranged between the pairs of piezoelectric measuring elements 17, whereby at least one signal discharge 19 takes place through an opening 20 in the casing of the measuring tube 15. The second sides of the measuring elements 17 are connected via spring elements 27 with the measuring tube 15 and therefore with the plug housing 6 in electrically conductive connection. It is also possible to provide 17 signal leads for both electrodes of the measuring elements.

Die Ladungsableitung erfolgt vorzugsweise im Inneren der Glühkerze 1, geschützt durch ein dünnes Führungsrohr 28.The charge dissipation is preferably carried out in the interior of the glow plug 1, protected by a thin guide tube 28.

Claims (5)

  1. Glow plug (1) with integrated pressure sensor (2) for measuring pressure in the combustion chamber (3) of an internal combustion engine, the shell (6) of the glow plug (1) having a section (9) of reduced diameter adjoining the combustion chamber (3), which section (9) houses a glow coil (8) and ends in a tip (10) protruding into the combustion chamber (3), the pressure sensor (2a, 2b, 2c) being positioned without cooling in the section (9) of the glow plug (1) adjoining the combustion chamber and being subjected to pressure in radial direction, and the glow coil (8) of the glow plug (1) extending towards the tip (10) of the glow plug (1) bypassing the pressure sensor (2a), characterised in that a piezoelectric pressure sensor (2a) is placed between two opposing membranes (14) in a through-going, radial bore (16) of the section (9) of the glow plug (1) adjoining the combustion chamber.
  2. Glow plug (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the piezoelectric pressure sensor (2a) comprises a small measuring tube (15) closed on both ends by a membrane (14), which is inserted into the radial bore (16) and whose longitudinal axis (15') is at a right angle to the longitudinal axis (1') of the glow plug, with at least one piezoelectric measuring element (17) being placed between the membranes (14).
  3. Glow plug (1) according to claim 2, characterised in that two or more platelet-shaped measuring elements (17) are disposed between the membranes (14), with the narrow sides of the measuring elements (17) contacting the membranes (14) and the transversal piezoelectric effect being utilized.
  4. Glow plug (1) according to claim 3, characterised in that plane pick-up electrodes (18) are provided between each pair of piezoelectric measuring elements (17), at least one signal lead (19) exiting through an opening (20) in the wall of the small measuring tube (15).
  5. Glow plug (1) according to any of claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the piezoelectric measuring element (17) is made of high-temperature stable material, e.g. GaPO4.
EP07450039A 2006-04-20 2007-03-01 Glow plug with integrated pressure sensor Not-in-force EP1847777B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0067106A AT503662B1 (en) 2006-04-20 2006-04-20 GLOW PLUG WITH INTEGRATED PRESSURE SENSOR

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1847777A2 EP1847777A2 (en) 2007-10-24
EP1847777A3 EP1847777A3 (en) 2008-05-28
EP1847777B1 true EP1847777B1 (en) 2011-05-25

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ID=38255351

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07450039A Not-in-force EP1847777B1 (en) 2006-04-20 2007-03-01 Glow plug with integrated pressure sensor

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US (1) US7350494B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1847777B1 (en)
AT (2) AT503662B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7350494B2 (en) 2008-04-01
US20070245805A1 (en) 2007-10-25
AT503662B1 (en) 2007-12-15
EP1847777A3 (en) 2008-05-28
ATE511064T1 (en) 2011-06-15
EP1847777A2 (en) 2007-10-24
AT503662A4 (en) 2007-12-15

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