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EP0938669A1 - Gas sensor - Google Patents

Gas sensor

Info

Publication number
EP0938669A1
EP0938669A1 EP98952545A EP98952545A EP0938669A1 EP 0938669 A1 EP0938669 A1 EP 0938669A1 EP 98952545 A EP98952545 A EP 98952545A EP 98952545 A EP98952545 A EP 98952545A EP 0938669 A1 EP0938669 A1 EP 0938669A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring element
gas sensor
sensor element
connection
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98952545A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Helmut Weyl
Hans-Martin Wiedenmann
Theodor Graser
Karl-Heinz Effenberger
Clemens Simon
Anton Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP0938669A1 publication Critical patent/EP0938669A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
    • G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
    • G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a gas sensor, in particular a lambda probe, for determining the pollutant and / or oxygen content in exhaust gases from internal combustion engines according to the category of the main claim.
  • DE 42 04 850 AI discloses a gas sensor which has a housing which serves to accommodate a sensor element.
  • the sensor element has a section on the connection side and a section on the measurement gas side.
  • a connecting element By means of a connecting element, the sensor element having a plurality of electrically conductive contact surfaces is connected at its connection-side section to electrically conductive connection conductors.
  • the connecting element consists of two parts held together by a sleeve, between which the sensor element and the connecting conductors are held immovably. Due to the fact that several parts are required to connect the connecting conductors to the sensor element, the assembly of the gas sensor, in particular the connection of the sensor element to the connecting conductors, is complex. Furthermore, the manufacturing cost of the multi-part connecting element is high. Advantages of the invention
  • the gas sensor according to the invention with the features of the main claim is characterized in that the connecting element is formed by a spring element made in one piece from ceramic material. Because the spring element is formed in one piece, it is very simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture, for example in the extrusion process, that is to say only in one operation.
  • the sensor element and the connecting conductors are non-positively connected to one another by means of the easily mountable spring element.
  • the connecting parts are first introduced or inserted into a through opening of the preferably annular spring element and then the sensor element is fixed and held by sliding the spring element on. Alternatively, it is also possible to insert the sensor element into the through opening or, if necessary, to insert it by pressing. The installation of both versions is quick and easy.
  • a large contact force acting in the radial direction between the connection conductors, the sensor element and the spring element can be realized by means of the spring element.
  • the sensor element is only slightly dynamically stressed by the small mass of the spring element, that is, only a small deflection occurs in the event of vibration.
  • the gas sensor it is provided that at least one slot is made in the through opening of the spring element.
  • the spring element When the spring element is pushed onto the sensor element or when the sensor element is inserted into the through opening of the spring element, the latter is spread apart. This ensures that the connecting conductors are at least substantially not displaced when the non-positive connection is formed and maintain their position within the through opening.
  • the “force-free connection” is related to the sliding of the spring element onto the sensor element and / or the insertion of the sensor element into the passage opening.
  • an exemplary embodiment of the gas sensor is preferred, which is characterized in that the through opening has a plurality of — preferably curved — depressions, at least essentially running in the longitudinal direction of the spring element.
  • the electrically conductive connecting conductors are pushed into the depressions by the sensor element and held in them by clamping. This can ensure that after the assembly of the spring element, the connecting conductors are held immovably in the depressions, so that mutual contacting of the connecting conductors after the installation — at least in the region of the spring element — is practically. table can be excluded.
  • the number of wells can range from two to eight. In a particularly preferred embodiment, a total of four depressions are provided in the through opening.
  • the spring element comprises a plurality of connection parts each having at least one electrically conductive contact surface, to which the connection conductors can be attached before or after the installation of the spring element.
  • Attachment means both a material connection, for example a weld connection, and a force-fit connection, for example a crimp connection.
  • connection parts are inserted into the through opening.
  • the connection parts are preferably designed in such a way that a form fit between the spring element and the connection parts is ensured in the assembled state of the spring element.
  • the connection parts are molded into the spring element, that is to say they are inserted into the ceramic material during the manufacture of the spring element and are thereby embedded.
  • the connection conductors can be spread apart. The insulation of the connection conductors in the area of the spring element is carried out by the spring element.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an embodiment of the gas sensor according to the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a longitudinal section through a third exemplary embodiment of a connecting element.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a first exemplary embodiment of a gas sensor 1, for example a lambda probe, for determining the pollutant and / or oxygen content in exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, which comprises a protective housing 3, which is formed by two sleeve-shaped housing parts 5 and 7 . These are welded to one another, only the welding points 9 being shown in FIG. 1.
  • the protective housing 3 is formed in one piece, that is to say the housing parts 5, 7 form a unit even before the gas sensor 1 is installed.
  • the housing part 7 serves to receive a planar sensor element 11, which has a connection-side section 13 and a measuring gas-side section 15. That at In this exemplary embodiment, sensor element 11 having a rectangular cross section has a plurality of contact surfaces in the region of section 13, of which only contact surfaces 17 and 19 are shown in FIG.
  • the gas sensor 1 further comprises a metal tube 21, also referred to as a metal jacket line, which is connected to the first housing part 5 of the protective housing 3, here welded, as indicated by welding points 23.
  • the metal tube 21 can also be connected to the first housing part 5 to form a unit even before the gas sensor 1 is installed.
  • a number of electrically conductive connecting conductors are arranged spaced apart from one another, which are embedded in an insulating material, for example magnesium oxide.
  • the metal tube can have up to eight connecting conductors. In this exemplary embodiment, a total of four connecting conductors are provided, of which only the connecting conductors 25 and 27 can be seen in the sectional view in FIG. 1.
  • the metal tube 21 or the connecting conductors 25, 27 are non-positively connected to the sensor element 11 by means of a connecting element 29.
  • the connecting element 29 is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
  • Insulating bushes 31 and 33 are arranged in the interior of the first housing part 7, between which a porous sealing packing 35 is clamped.
  • the insulating bushes 31, 33 and the sealing packing 35 are introduced from the side of the second housing part 7 facing the measuring gas side section 15 of the sensor element 11 and loaded with a compressive force acting in the direction of an arrow 37. hits.
  • the insulating bush 31 lies against a circumferential annular shoulder 39 of the second housing part 7 and is supported on it, so that the insulating bushes 31, 33 and the sealing packing 35 are compressed and the sensor element 11 inserted through the longitudinal bore is held in a clamped manner.
  • the second housing part 7 is then squeezed from the outside, so that its inside diameter becomes smaller.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a first exemplary embodiment of the connecting element 29, which is formed by a spring element 41 made in one piece from ceramic material.
  • This is ring-shaped and has an essentially rectangular through opening 43 here.
  • the annular body of the spring element 41 is closed, that is to say that the wall of the ring is not slotted.
  • a plurality, here a total of four depressions 45 are made, which run essentially in the longitudinal direction of the spring element 41.
  • the depressions 45 thus lie in a plane which is substantially perpendicular to the image plane of FIG. 2.
  • the groove-like depressions 45 have a curved, here semicircular contour and serve to receive connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27 and 27'. As can be seen from FIG.
  • the connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27, 27' each lie in a recess 45 or are pushed into the recesses by the sensor element 11.
  • a slot 47 which runs transversely to the longitudinal extent of the through opening 43 and serves to enlarge the spring travel of the spring element 41.
  • the spring travel can with a spring element, the one Has an outside diameter of approx. 6 mm and a thickness of approx. 4.5 mm, up to 1/10 mm and above.
  • the shape of the through opening 43 can be varied and, in another exemplary embodiment, can also be circular.
  • the shape of the through opening preferably corresponds, at least essentially to the height, to the sensor element 11, which can also have, for example, a square cross section.
  • the function of the spring element 41 is explained in more detail below with the aid of an assembly process: first, the connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27, 27' are guided or plugged through the through opening 43 of the spring element 41 and the spring element 41 is pushed as far as against the metal tube 21, see above that the end face 49 of the spring element 41 bears against the end face 51 of the metal tube 21. Then the sensor element 11 is placed on the through-opening 43 and the spring element 41 is pushed or pressed onto the sensor element 11 in the direction of the arrow 53 shown in FIG. The connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27, 27' are pushed into their respective recess 45 and held clamped therein. By pushing the spring element 41 onto the sensor element 11, the connecting conductors are fixed and at the same time the contact between the contact surfaces of the sensor element 11, not shown in FIG. 2, and the connecting conductors is established. When pushed on, the spring element 41 is spread open.
  • the depressions 45 are designed such that the connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27, 27' are not completely absorbed by the depressions when the sensor element 11 pushes the connecting conductors into the depressions during assembly, so that in the assembled state a force acting in the radial direction acts between the connecting conductors, the spring element and the sensor element .
  • the sensor element 11 is introduced into the through opening 43, that is to say the spring element 41 is not displaced to connect the connecting conductors to the sensor element 11, but is only held.
  • the spring element 41 it is also possible for the spring element 41 to be pushed onto the sensor element 11 in order to connect the connecting conductors to the sensor element 11 and at the same time the sensor element 11 is inserted into the through opening 43.
  • the spring element 41 can be mechanically expanded before assembly, so that when the spring element 41 is pushed onto the sensor element 11 or when the sensor element 11 is inserted into the through opening 43, practically no, or at least only very small, forces have to be applied. A relative movement of the connecting conductors arranged in the through opening 43 can be prevented by the force-free assembly.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a further exemplary embodiment of the spring element 41.
  • the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals, so that reference is made to the description of FIG. 1. Only the differences will be discussed in more detail below.
  • connection part 55 which has an electrically conductive contact surface 57.
  • a connecting conductor 25, 25 ', 27, 27' is attached to each of the connecting parts 55, for example welded on or held by means of a crimp connection, as indicated by a thickening 59.
  • the connecting parts 55 can be inserted into the through opening 43 of the ceramic spring element 41 or molded in during its manufacture.
  • the connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27, 27' are preferably attached to the connecting parts 55 before being connected to the sensor element 11 in order to pre-damage the contact surfaces 57 and the contact surfaces of the sensor element 11, which are not shown in FIG. 3, for example as a result of excessive heat during Avoid welding the connecting leads.
  • the spring element 41 has only one through-opening 43 without depressions, so that a positive connection between the latter and the spring element 41 is achieved when the connecting parts 55 are inserted.
  • Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section of a third embodiment of the spring element 41 and a second embodiment of the connection parts 55.
  • the connection parts 55 can be inserted into the through opening 43 of the spring element 41 or can be molded into the spring element.
  • the connecting parts 55 extend through the entire through opening 43 and beyond.
  • the connecting conductors are connected to the sensor element 11 by pushing the sensor element 11 into the through opening 43.
  • the connecting conductors can be spread apart in the assembled state in order to prevent mutual contact.
  • connecting conductor 25, 25 ', 27, 27' can be connected to the sensor element very simply and therefore inexpensively by the spring element made in one piece from ceramic material.
  • the individual connecting conductors are isolated from one another by the electrically non-conductive spring element 41.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Measuring Oxygen Concentration In Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a gas sensor, especially a lambda probe, for detecting the pollutant or oxygen content of the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, comprising a housing which accommodates at least one sensor element, said sensor element having a connection-side section and a measured gas-side section, and a connecting element. Said connecting element connects the sensor element to several electroconductive supply leads via its connection-side section, said sensor element having several electroconductive contact surfaces. The inventive gas sensor is characterised by a connecting element (29) which is made up of a spring element (41) produced in a single piece from a ceramic material.

Description

GassensorGas sensor
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Gassensor, insbesondere einer Lambda-Sonde, zur Ermittlung des Schadstoff- und/oder Sauerstoffgehalts in Abgasen von Brennkraftmaschinen nach der Gattung des Haupt- anspruchs .The invention is based on a gas sensor, in particular a lambda probe, for determining the pollutant and / or oxygen content in exhaust gases from internal combustion engines according to the category of the main claim.
Aus der DE 42 04 850 AI geht ein Gassensor hervor, der ein Gehäuse aufweist, das zur Aufnahme eines Sensorelements dient . Das Sensorelement weist einen anschlußseitigen Abschnitt und einen meßgasseitigen Abschnitt auf. Mittels eines Verbindungselements wird das mehrere elektrisch leitende Kontaktflächen aufweisende Sensorelement an seinem anschlußseitigen Abschnitt mit elektrisch leitenden Anschlußleitern verbunden. Das Verbindungselement besteht aus zwei von einer Hülse zusammengehaltenen Teilstük- ken, zwischen denen das Sensorelement und die Anschlußleiter unverrückbar gehalten werden. Dadurch, daß mehrere Teile zum Verbindungen der Anschlußleiter mit dem Sensorelement notwendig sind, ist der Zusammenbau des Gassensors, insbesondere das Verbinden des Sensorelements mit den Anschlußleitern, aufwendig. Weiterhin sind die Herstellungskosten des mehrteiligen Verbindungselements hoch. Vorteile der ErfindungDE 42 04 850 AI discloses a gas sensor which has a housing which serves to accommodate a sensor element. The sensor element has a section on the connection side and a section on the measurement gas side. By means of a connecting element, the sensor element having a plurality of electrically conductive contact surfaces is connected at its connection-side section to electrically conductive connection conductors. The connecting element consists of two parts held together by a sleeve, between which the sensor element and the connecting conductors are held immovably. Due to the fact that several parts are required to connect the connecting conductors to the sensor element, the assembly of the gas sensor, in particular the connection of the sensor element to the connecting conductors, is complex. Furthermore, the manufacturing cost of the multi-part connecting element is high. Advantages of the invention
Der erfindungsgemäße Gassensor mit den Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß das Verbindungselement von einem aus keramischem Material einstückig hergestellten Federelement gebildet ist. Dadurch, daß das Federelement einstük- kig ausgebildet ist, ist dieses sehr einfach und somit kostengünstig herstellbar, beispielsweise im Extrudierverfahren, also lediglich in einem Arbeitsgang. Das Sensorelement und die Anschlußleiter werden mittels des einfach montierbaren Federelements kraftschlüssig miteinander verbunden. Hierzu werden zunächst die Anschlußteile in eine Durchgangsöffnung des vorzugsweise ringförmigen Federelements eingebracht beziehungsweise hindurchgesteckt und anschließend das Sensorelement durch Aufschieben des Federelements fixiert und gehalten. Alternativ ist es auch möglich, das Senεorelement in die Durchgangsöffnung einzustecken oder gegebenenfalls durch Pressen einzubringen. Die Montage ist bei beiden AusführungsVarianten einfach und schnell durchführbar. Mittels des Federelements ist eine große, in radialer Richtung wirkende Kontakt- kraft zwischen den Anschlußleitern, dem Sensorelement und dem Federelement realisierbar. Das Sensorelement wird durch die kleine Masse des Federelements nur gering dynamisch beansprucht, das heißt, im Schwingungsfall erfolgt lediglich eine kleine Auslenkung.The gas sensor according to the invention with the features of the main claim is characterized in that the connecting element is formed by a spring element made in one piece from ceramic material. Because the spring element is formed in one piece, it is very simple and therefore inexpensive to manufacture, for example in the extrusion process, that is to say only in one operation. The sensor element and the connecting conductors are non-positively connected to one another by means of the easily mountable spring element. For this purpose, the connecting parts are first introduced or inserted into a through opening of the preferably annular spring element and then the sensor element is fixed and held by sliding the spring element on. Alternatively, it is also possible to insert the sensor element into the through opening or, if necessary, to insert it by pressing. The installation of both versions is quick and easy. A large contact force acting in the radial direction between the connection conductors, the sensor element and the spring element can be realized by means of the spring element. The sensor element is only slightly dynamically stressed by the small mass of the spring element, that is, only a small deflection occurs in the event of vibration.
Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel des Gassensors ist vorgesehen, daß in der Durchgangsöffnung des Federelements mindestens ein Schlitz eingebracht ist . Hierdurch ist ein großer Federweg des aus keramischem Material hergestellten Federele- ments realisierbar. Beim Aufschieben des Federelements auf das Sensorelement beziehungsweise beim Einstecken des Sensorelements in die Durchgangsöffnung des Federelements wird dieses aufgespreizt . Dadurch wird sichergestellt, daß die Anschlußleiter bei der Ausbildung der kraftschlüssigen Verbindung zumindest im wesentlichen nicht verschoben werden und ihre Position innerhalb der Durchgangsöffnung beibehalten. Es ist aber auch möglich, das Federelement vor der Montage, also vor dem Verbinden der Anschlußleiter mit dem Senorelement , zunächst mechanisch aufzuspreizen und erst dann die kraft- schlüssige Verbindung durch Aufschieben des Federelements auf das Sensorelement und/oder Einstecken des Sensorelements in das Federelement zu bilden. Hierdurch ist ein -zumindest im wesentlichen- nahezu kräftefreies Verbinden des Sensorelements mit den Anschlußleitern möglich. Das "kräftefreie Verbinden" ist auf das Aufschieben des Federelements auf das Sensorelement und/oder das Einstecken des Sensorelements in die Durchgangsδffnung bezogen.In a preferred embodiment of the gas sensor it is provided that at least one slot is made in the through opening of the spring element. This is a great travel of the Spring elements made of ceramic material can be realized. When the spring element is pushed onto the sensor element or when the sensor element is inserted into the through opening of the spring element, the latter is spread apart. This ensures that the connecting conductors are at least substantially not displaced when the non-positive connection is formed and maintain their position within the through opening. However, it is also possible to first mechanically spread the spring element before assembly, that is to say before connecting the connecting conductor to the sensor element, and only then the positive connection by pushing the spring element onto the sensor element and / or inserting the sensor element into the spring element form. This enables an at least essentially force-free connection of the sensor element to the connection conductors. The “force-free connection” is related to the sliding of the spring element onto the sensor element and / or the insertion of the sensor element into the passage opening.
Weiterhin wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Gassensors bevorzugt, das sich dadurch auszeichnet, daß die Durchgangsöffnung mehrere, zumindest im wesentlichen in Längsrichtung des Federelements verlaufende -vorzugsweise kurvenförmige- Vertiefungen aufweist. Die elektrisch leitenden Anschlußleiter werden von dem Sensorelement in die Vertiefungen gedrängt und darin klemmend gehalten. Dadurch kann gewährleistet werden, daß nach der Montage des Federelements die Anschlußleiter unverrückbar in den Vertiefungen gehalten sind, so daß eine gegenseitige Kontaktierung der Anschlußleiter nach der Montage -zumindest im Bereich des Federelements- prak- tisch ausgeschlossen werden kann. Die Anzahl der Vertiefungen kann im Bereich zwischen zwei und acht liegen. Bei einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel sind insgesamt vier Vertiefungen in der Durchgangsöffnung vorgesehen.Furthermore, an exemplary embodiment of the gas sensor is preferred, which is characterized in that the through opening has a plurality of — preferably curved — depressions, at least essentially running in the longitudinal direction of the spring element. The electrically conductive connecting conductors are pushed into the depressions by the sensor element and held in them by clamping. This can ensure that after the assembly of the spring element, the connecting conductors are held immovably in the depressions, so that mutual contacting of the connecting conductors after the installation — at least in the region of the spring element — is practically. table can be excluded. The number of wells can range from two to eight. In a particularly preferred embodiment, a total of four depressions are provided in the through opening.
Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel umfaßt das Federelement mehrere jeweils mindestens eine elektrisch leitende Kontaktfläche aufweisende Anschlußteile, an die die Anschlußleiter vor oder nach der Montage des Federelements angebracht werden können. Unter Anbringen wird sowohl eine Stoffschlußverbin- dung, zum Beispiel Schweißverbindung, als auch eine KraftSchlußverbindung, beispielsweise Quetschverbindung, verstanden. Dadurch, daß das Federelement vor der Montage mit den Anschlußleitern bestückt wird, kann die Montagezeit des Gassensors herabgesetzt werden.In another exemplary embodiment, the spring element comprises a plurality of connection parts each having at least one electrically conductive contact surface, to which the connection conductors can be attached before or after the installation of the spring element. Attachment means both a material connection, for example a weld connection, and a force-fit connection, for example a crimp connection. The fact that the spring element is equipped with the connecting conductors before assembly can reduce the assembly time of the gas sensor.
Nach einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel werden die Anschlußteile in die Durchgangsöffnung eingelegt. Die Anschlußteile sind vorzugsweise derart ausgebildet, daß im montierten Zustand des Federelements ein Formschluß zwischen dem Federelement und den Anschlußteilen sichergestellt ist. Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Anschlußteile in das Federelement eingeformt, das heißt, diese werden bei der Herstellung des Federelements in das keramische Material eingelegt und dadurch eingebettet. Bei beiden Ausführungsvarianten ist ein Aufspreizen der Anschlußleiter möglich. Die Isolierung der Anschlußleiter im Bereich des Federelements erfolgt durch das Federelement .According to a preferred embodiment, the connection parts are inserted into the through opening. The connection parts are preferably designed in such a way that a form fit between the spring element and the connection parts is ensured in the assembled state of the spring element. In another exemplary embodiment, the connection parts are molded into the spring element, that is to say they are inserted into the ceramic material during the manufacture of the spring element and are thereby embedded. In both versions, the connection conductors can be spread apart. The insulation of the connection conductors in the area of the spring element is carried out by the spring element.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen ergeben sich aus den übrigen Unteransprüchen. ZeichnungFurther advantageous configurations result from the remaining subclaims. drawing
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Figur 1 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Gassensors;1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through an embodiment of the gas sensor according to the invention;
Figuren jeweils eine Draufsicht auf ein Ausfüh- 2 und 3 rungsbeiεpiel eines Verbindungselements undFigures each show a top view of an embodiment of a connecting element and
Figur 4 einen Längsschnitt durch ein drittes Aus- führungsbeispiel eines Verbindungselements .4 shows a longitudinal section through a third exemplary embodiment of a connecting element.
Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments
Figur 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt eines ersten Aus- führungsbeispiels eines Gassensors 1, beispielsweise eine Lambda-Sonde, zur Ermittlung des Schadstoff- und/oder Sauerstoffgehalts in Abgasen von Brennkraftmaschinen, der ein Schutzgehäuse 3 umfaßt, das von zwei hülsenförmigen Gehäuseteilen 5 und 7 gebildet wird. Diese sind miteinander verschweißt, wobei von den Schweißstellen in Figur 1 lediglich die Schweißstellen 9 dargestellt sind. Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Schutzgehäuse 3 einteilig ausgebildet, das heißt, die Gehäuseteile 5, 7 bilden bereits vor der Montage des Gassensors 1 eine Einheit . Das Gehäuseteil 7 dient zur Aufnahme eines planaren Sensorelements 11, das einen anschlußseitigen Abschnitt 13 und einen meßgasseitigen Abschnitt 15 aufweist. Das bei diesem Auführungsbeispiel einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisende Sensorelement 11 weist im Bereich des Abschnitts 13 mehrere Kontaktflächen auf, von denen in der Figur 1 lediglich die Kontaktflächen 17 und 19 dargestellt sind.FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a first exemplary embodiment of a gas sensor 1, for example a lambda probe, for determining the pollutant and / or oxygen content in exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, which comprises a protective housing 3, which is formed by two sleeve-shaped housing parts 5 and 7 . These are welded to one another, only the welding points 9 being shown in FIG. 1. In another exemplary embodiment, the protective housing 3 is formed in one piece, that is to say the housing parts 5, 7 form a unit even before the gas sensor 1 is installed. The housing part 7 serves to receive a planar sensor element 11, which has a connection-side section 13 and a measuring gas-side section 15. That at In this exemplary embodiment, sensor element 11 having a rectangular cross section has a plurality of contact surfaces in the region of section 13, of which only contact surfaces 17 and 19 are shown in FIG.
Der Gassensor 1 umfaßt weiterhin ein auch als Metallmantelleitung bezeichnetes Metallrohr 21, das mit dem ersten Gehäuseteil 5 des Schutzgehäuses 3 verbunden, hier verschweißt ist, wie mit Schweißstellen 23 angedeutet. Das Metallrohr 21 kann mit dem ersten Gehäuseteil 5 auch bereits vor der Montage des Gassensors 1 zu einer Einheit verbunden werden. Im Innern des Metallrohrs 21 sind eine Anzahl elektrisch leitender Anschlußleiter beabstandet zueinander angeordnet, die in einem isolierend wirkenden Material, beispielsweise Magnesiumoxid, eingebettet sind. Das Metallrohr kann bis zu acht Anschlußleiter aufweisen. Bei diesem Ausführungs- beispiels sind insgesamt vier Anschlußleiter vorgesehen, von denen in der Schnittansicht der Figur 1 lediglich die Anschlußleiter 25 und 27 erkennbar sind. Das Metallrohr 21 beziehungsweise die Anschlußleiter 25, 27 sind mittels eines Verbindungselements 29 mit dem Sensorelement 11 kraft- schlüssig verbunden. Das Verbindungselement 29 wird anhand der Figuren 2 bis 4 näher erläutert .The gas sensor 1 further comprises a metal tube 21, also referred to as a metal jacket line, which is connected to the first housing part 5 of the protective housing 3, here welded, as indicated by welding points 23. The metal tube 21 can also be connected to the first housing part 5 to form a unit even before the gas sensor 1 is installed. In the interior of the metal tube 21, a number of electrically conductive connecting conductors are arranged spaced apart from one another, which are embedded in an insulating material, for example magnesium oxide. The metal tube can have up to eight connecting conductors. In this exemplary embodiment, a total of four connecting conductors are provided, of which only the connecting conductors 25 and 27 can be seen in the sectional view in FIG. 1. The metal tube 21 or the connecting conductors 25, 27 are non-positively connected to the sensor element 11 by means of a connecting element 29. The connecting element 29 is explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4.
Im Innern des ersten Gehäuseteils 7 sind Isolierbuchsen 31 und 33 angeordnet, zwischen denen eine poröse Dichtpackung 35 eingeklemmt ist. Die Isolierbuchsen 31, 33 und die Dichtpackung 35 werden von der dem meßgasseitigen Abschnitt 15 des Sensorelements 11 zugewandten Seite des zweiten Gehäuseteils 7 in dieses eingebracht und mit einer in Richtung eines Pfeils 37 wirkenden Druckkraft be- aufschlagt. Dabei legt sich die Isolierbuchse 31 an eine umlaufende Ringschulter 39 des zweiten Gehäuseteils 7 an und stützt sich an dieser ab, so daß die Isolierbuchsen 31, 33 und die Dichtpackung 35 gestaucht und das durch die Längsbohrung durchgesteckte Sensorelement 11 klemmend gehalten wird. Zur Fixierung der Teile wird anschließend das zweite Gehäuseteil 7 von außen gequetscht, so daß dessen Innendurchmesser kleiner wird.Insulating bushes 31 and 33 are arranged in the interior of the first housing part 7, between which a porous sealing packing 35 is clamped. The insulating bushes 31, 33 and the sealing packing 35 are introduced from the side of the second housing part 7 facing the measuring gas side section 15 of the sensor element 11 and loaded with a compressive force acting in the direction of an arrow 37. hits. The insulating bush 31 lies against a circumferential annular shoulder 39 of the second housing part 7 and is supported on it, so that the insulating bushes 31, 33 and the sealing packing 35 are compressed and the sensor element 11 inserted through the longitudinal bore is held in a clamped manner. To fix the parts, the second housing part 7 is then squeezed from the outside, so that its inside diameter becomes smaller.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf ein erstes Aus- führungsbeispiel des Verbindungselements 29, das von einem aus keramischem Material einstückig hergestellten Federelement 41 gebildet ist. Dieses ist ringförmig ausgebildet und weist eine hier im wesentlichen rechteckförmige Durchgangsöffnung 43 auf. Der ringförmige Körper des Federelements 41 ist geschlossen, das heißt also, die Wandung des Ringes ist nicht geschlitzt. In die Durchgangsöffnung 43 sind mehrere, hier insgesamt vier Vertiefungen 45 eingebracht, die im wesentlichen in Längsrichtung des Federelements 41 verlaufen. Die Vertiefungen 45 liegen also in einer im wesentlichen senkrecht auf der Bildebene der Figur 2 stehenden Ebene. Die nutartigen Vertiefungen 45 weisen eine kurvenförmige, hier halbkreisförmige Kontur auf und dienen zur Aufnahme von Anschlußleitern 25, 25', 27 und 27'. Wie aus Figur 2 ersichtlich liegen die Anschlußleiter 25, 25', 27, 27' in jeweils einer Vertiefung 45 beziehungsweise werden von dem Sensorelement 11 in die Vertiefungen gedrängt. In der DurchgangsÖffnung 43 ist weiterhin ein quer zur Längserstreckung der Durchgangsöffnung 43 verlaufender Schlitz 47 eingebracht, der zur Vergrößerung des Federwegs des Federelements 41 dient. Der Federweg kann bei einem Federelement, das einen Außendurchmesser von ca. 6 mm und eine Dicke von ca. 4,5 mm aufweist, bis zu 1/10 mm und darüber betragen.FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a first exemplary embodiment of the connecting element 29, which is formed by a spring element 41 made in one piece from ceramic material. This is ring-shaped and has an essentially rectangular through opening 43 here. The annular body of the spring element 41 is closed, that is to say that the wall of the ring is not slotted. In the through opening 43, a plurality, here a total of four depressions 45 are made, which run essentially in the longitudinal direction of the spring element 41. The depressions 45 thus lie in a plane which is substantially perpendicular to the image plane of FIG. 2. The groove-like depressions 45 have a curved, here semicircular contour and serve to receive connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27 and 27'. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27, 27' each lie in a recess 45 or are pushed into the recesses by the sensor element 11. In the through opening 43 there is also a slot 47 which runs transversely to the longitudinal extent of the through opening 43 and serves to enlarge the spring travel of the spring element 41. The spring travel can with a spring element, the one Has an outside diameter of approx. 6 mm and a thickness of approx. 4.5 mm, up to 1/10 mm and above.
Die Form der Durchgangsöffnung 43 ist variierbar und kann bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel auch kreisförmig sein. Vorzugsweise entspricht die Form der Durchgangsöffnung -zumindest im wesentHöhender Form des Sensorelements 11, das auch einen beispielsweise quadratischen Querschnitt aufweisen kann.The shape of the through opening 43 can be varied and, in another exemplary embodiment, can also be circular. The shape of the through opening preferably corresponds, at least essentially to the height, to the sensor element 11, which can also have, for example, a square cross section.
Im folgenden wird die Funktion des Federelements 41 anhand eines Montagevorganges näher erläutert : Zunächst werden die Anschlußleiter 25, 25', 27, 27' durch die Durchgangsöffnung 43 des Federelements 41 hindurchgeführt beziehungsweise -gesteckt und das Federelement 41 bis gegen das Metallrohr 21 geschoben, so daß die Stirnfläche 49 des Federelements 41 an der Stirnseite 51 des Metallrohrs 21 anliegt. Dann wird das Sensorelement 11 an der Durchgangs- Öffnung 43 angesetzt und das Federelement 41 in Richtung des in Figur 1 dargestellten Pfeils 53 auf das Sensorelement 11 aufgeschoben beziehungsweise -gepreßt. Dabei werden die Anschlußleiter 25, 25', 27, 27' in ihre jeweilige Vertiefung 45 gedrängt und in dieser klemmend gehalten. Durch das Aufschieben des Federelements 41 auf das Sensorelement 11 werden die Anschlußleiter fixiert und gleichzeitig die Kontaktierung zwischen den in Figur 2 nicht dargestellten Kontaktflächen des Sensorelements 11 und den Anschlußleitern hergestellt. Beim Aufschieben wird das Federelement 41 aufgespreizt .The function of the spring element 41 is explained in more detail below with the aid of an assembly process: first, the connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27, 27' are guided or plugged through the through opening 43 of the spring element 41 and the spring element 41 is pushed as far as against the metal tube 21, see above that the end face 49 of the spring element 41 bears against the end face 51 of the metal tube 21. Then the sensor element 11 is placed on the through-opening 43 and the spring element 41 is pushed or pressed onto the sensor element 11 in the direction of the arrow 53 shown in FIG. The connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27, 27' are pushed into their respective recess 45 and held clamped therein. By pushing the spring element 41 onto the sensor element 11, the connecting conductors are fixed and at the same time the contact between the contact surfaces of the sensor element 11, not shown in FIG. 2, and the connecting conductors is established. When pushed on, the spring element 41 is spread open.
Aus allem wird deutlich, daß die Vertiefungen 45 derart gestaltet sind, daß die Anschlußleiter 25, 25', 27, 27' nicht vollständig von den Vertiefungen aufgenommen werden, wenn bei der Montage das Sensorelement 11 die Anschlußleiter in die Vertiefungen drängt, so daß im zusammengebauten Zustand eine in radialer Richtung wirkende Kraft zwischen den Anschlußleitern, dem Federelement und dem Sensorelement wirkt .It is clear from everything that the depressions 45 are designed such that the connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27, 27' are not completely absorbed by the depressions when the sensor element 11 pushes the connecting conductors into the depressions during assembly, so that in the assembled state a force acting in the radial direction acts between the connecting conductors, the spring element and the sensor element .
Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel wird das Sensorelement 11 in die Durchgangsöffnung 43 eingebracht, das heißt, das Federelement 41 wird zum Verbinden der Anschlußleiter mit dem Sensorelement 11 nicht verlagert, sondern lediglich gehalten. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, daß zum Verbinden der Anschlußleiter mit dem Sensorelement 11 das Federelement 41 auf das Sensorelement 11 aufgeschoben und dabei gleichzeitig das Sensorelement 11 in die Durchgangsöffnung 43 eingesteckt wird.In another exemplary embodiment, the sensor element 11 is introduced into the through opening 43, that is to say the spring element 41 is not displaced to connect the connecting conductors to the sensor element 11, but is only held. Of course, it is also possible for the spring element 41 to be pushed onto the sensor element 11 in order to connect the connecting conductors to the sensor element 11 and at the same time the sensor element 11 is inserted into the through opening 43.
Das Federelement 41 kann vor der Montage mechanisch gespreizt werden, so daß beim Aufschieben des Federelement 41 auf das Sensorelement 11 beziehungsweise beim Einstecken des Sensorelement 11 in die Durchgangsöffnung 43 praktisch keine, zumindest nur sehr geringe Kräfte aufgebracht werden müssen. Durch die kräftefreie Montage kann eine Relativbewegung der in der Durchgangsöffnung 43 angeordneten Anschlußleiter verhindert werden.The spring element 41 can be mechanically expanded before assembly, so that when the spring element 41 is pushed onto the sensor element 11 or when the sensor element 11 is inserted into the through opening 43, practically no, or at least only very small, forces have to be applied. A relative movement of the connecting conductors arranged in the through opening 43 can be prevented by the force-free assembly.
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel des Gassensors gemäß Figur 1 können die Anschlußleiter nach dem Verbinden mit dem Sensorelement 11 ein Stück in Richtung des Metallrohrs 21 aus der Durchgangsöffnung herausgezogen werden. Damit wird eine Belastung der Anschlußleiter auf Zug vermieden. Figur 3 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf ein weiteres Aus- führungsbeispiel des Federelements 41. Gleiche Teile sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen, so daß insofern auf die Beschreibung zu Figur 1 verwiesen wird. Im folgenden soll lediglich auf die Unterschiede näher eingegangen werden. In den Vertiefungen 45 des Federelements 41 ist jeweils ein Anschlußteil 55 angeordnet, das eine elektrisch leitende Kontaktfläche 57 aufweist. An den Anschlußteilen 55 ist jeweils ein Anschlußleiter 25, 25', 27, 27' befestigt, beispielsweise angeschweißt oder mittels einer Quetschverbindung gehalten, wie mit einer Verdickung 59 angedeutet. Die Anschlußteile 55 können in die Durchgangsöffnung 43 des keramischen Federelements 41 eingelegt oder bei dessen Herstellung eingeformt werden. Die Anschlußleiter 25, 25', 27, 27' werden vorzugsweise vor dem Verbinden mit dem Sensorelement 11 an den Anschlußteilen 55 befestigt, um eine Vorschädigung der Kontaktflächen 57 und der in Figur 3 nicht dargestellten Kontaktflächen des Sensorelements 11, beispielsweise infolge zu großer Wärme beim Anschweißen der Anschlußleiter, zu vermeiden.In the exemplary embodiment of the gas sensor according to FIG. 1, the connecting conductors can be pulled out a little in the direction of the metal tube 21 from the through opening after being connected to the sensor element 11. This avoids a strain on the connecting conductors on train. FIG. 3 shows a plan view of a further exemplary embodiment of the spring element 41. The same parts are provided with the same reference numerals, so that reference is made to the description of FIG. 1. Only the differences will be discussed in more detail below. In each of the recesses 45 of the spring element 41 there is a connection part 55 which has an electrically conductive contact surface 57. A connecting conductor 25, 25 ', 27, 27' is attached to each of the connecting parts 55, for example welded on or held by means of a crimp connection, as indicated by a thickening 59. The connecting parts 55 can be inserted into the through opening 43 of the ceramic spring element 41 or molded in during its manufacture. The connecting conductors 25, 25 ', 27, 27' are preferably attached to the connecting parts 55 before being connected to the sensor element 11 in order to pre-damage the contact surfaces 57 and the contact surfaces of the sensor element 11, which are not shown in FIG. 3, for example as a result of excessive heat during Avoid welding the connecting leads.
Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel weist das Federelement 41 lediglich eine Durchgangsöffnung 43 ohne Vertiefungen auf, so daß bei eingelegten Anschlußteilen 55 ein Formschluß zwischen diesen und dem Federelement 41 realisiert wird.In another exemplary embodiment, the spring element 41 has only one through-opening 43 without depressions, so that a positive connection between the latter and the spring element 41 is achieved when the connecting parts 55 are inserted.
Figur 4 zeigt einen Längsschnitt eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels des Federelements 41 und einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel der Anschlußteile 55. Die Anschlußteile 55 sind in die Durchgangsöffnung 43 des Federelements 41 einlegbar oder können in das Federelement eingeformt sein. Die Anschlußteile 55 erstrecken sich durch die gesamte Durchgangsöffnung 43 und darüber hinaus.Figure 4 shows a longitudinal section of a third embodiment of the spring element 41 and a second embodiment of the connection parts 55. The connection parts 55 can be inserted into the through opening 43 of the spring element 41 or can be molded into the spring element. The connecting parts 55 extend through the entire through opening 43 and beyond.
Wie aus Figur 4 ersichtlich, erfolgt hier das Verbinden der Anschlußleiter, von denen lediglich die Anschlußleiter 25, 25' dargestellt sind, mit dem Sensorelement 11 durch das Einschieben des Sensorelements 11 in die Durchgangsöffnung 43. Im montierten Zustand liegt eine Kontaktfläche 61 des Sensorelements 11 an der Kontaktfläche 57 des mit dem Anschlußleiter 25 verbundenen Anschlußteils 55 und eine weitere Kontaktfläche 63 an der Kontakt- fläche 57 des mit dem Anschlußleiter 25 ' verbundenen Anschlußteils 55 an.As can be seen from FIG. 4, the connecting conductors, of which only the connecting conductors 25, 25 'are shown, are connected to the sensor element 11 by pushing the sensor element 11 into the through opening 43. In the assembled state, there is a contact surface 61 of the sensor element 11 to the contact surface 57 of the connecting part 55 connected to the connecting conductor 25 and a further contact surface 63 to the contact surface 57 of the connecting part 55 connected to the connecting conductor 25 '.
Bei den anhand der Figuren 3 und 4 beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen können die Anschlußleiter im montierten Zustand aufgespreizt werden, um eine gegenseitige Kontaktierung zu verhindern.In the exemplary embodiments described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4, the connecting conductors can be spread apart in the assembled state in order to prevent mutual contact.
Zusammenfassend ist festzuhalten, daß durch das aus keramischem Material einstückig hergestellte Federelement die Anschlußleiter 25, 25', 27, 27' sehr einfach und daher kostengünstig mit dem Sensorelement verbunden werden können. Die Isolierung der einzelnen Anschlußleiter voneinander erfolgt durch das elektrisch nicht-leitende Federelement 41. To summarize, it should be noted that the connecting conductor 25, 25 ', 27, 27' can be connected to the sensor element very simply and therefore inexpensively by the spring element made in one piece from ceramic material. The individual connecting conductors are isolated from one another by the electrically non-conductive spring element 41.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Gassensor, insbesondere Lambda-Sonde, zur Ermittlung des Schadstoff- und/oder Sauerstoffgehal- tes in Abgasen von Brennkraftmaschinen mit einem mindestens ein Sensorelement aufnehmenden Gehäuse, wobei das Sensorelement einen anschlußseitigen Abschnitt und einen meßgasseitigen Abschnitt aufweist, und mit einem Verbindungselement, das das mehrere elektrisch leitende Kontaktflächen aufweisende Sensorelement an seinem anschlußseitigen Abschnitt mit mehreren elektrisch leitenden Anschlußleitern verbindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verbindungselement (29) von einem aus keramischem Material einstückig hergestellten Federelement (41) gebildet ist.1. Gas sensor, in particular a lambda probe, for determining the pollutant and / or oxygen content in exhaust gases from internal combustion engines with a housing receiving at least one sensor element, the sensor element having a section on the connection side and a section on the measurement gas side, and with a connecting element which connects the sensor element having a plurality of electrically conductive contact surfaces at its connection-side section to a plurality of electrically conductive connection conductors, characterized in that the connecting element (29) is formed by a spring element (41) made in one piece from ceramic material.
2. Gassensor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Federelement (41) ringförmig ausgebildet ist .2. Gas sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the spring element (41) is annular.
3. Gassensor nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Durchgangsöffnung (43) des Federelements (41) mindestens ein Schlitz (47) eingebracht ist. 3. Gas sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that in the through opening (43) of the spring element (41) at least one slot (47) is introduced.
4. Gassensor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchgangsöffnung (43) mehrere, zumindest im wesentlichen in Längsrichtung des Federelements (41) verlaufende -vorzugsweise kurvenförmige- Vertiefungen (45) aufweist .4. Gas sensor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the through opening (43) has a plurality of — at least substantially in the longitudinal direction of the spring element (41) — preferably curved — depressions (45).
5. Gassensor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anzahl der Vertiefungen (45) im Bereich zwischen zwei und acht liegt, vorzugsweise vier beträgt .5. Gas sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that the number of depressions (45) is in the range between two and eight, preferably four.
6. Gassensor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Federelement6. Gas sensor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spring element
(41) mehrere jeweils mindestens eine elektrisch leitende Kontaktfläche aufweisende Anschlußteile(41) a plurality of connecting parts each having at least one electrically conductive contact surface
(55) umfaßt.(55).
7. Gassensor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Anschlußteile (55) in die Durchgangsöffnung (43) einlegbar oder eingeformt sind.7. Gas sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that the connection parts (55) in the through opening (43) can be inserted or molded.
8. Gassensor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im montierten Zustand des Federelements (41) die Kontaktflächen der Anschlußleiter (55) an der jeweiligen Kontaktfläche des Sensorelements (11) anlegen. 8. Gas sensor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the assembled state of the spring element (41) create the contact surfaces of the connecting conductors (55) on the respective contact surface of the sensor element (11).
EP98952545A 1997-09-13 1998-09-04 Gas sensor Withdrawn EP0938669A1 (en)

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DE19740363 1997-09-13
DE19740363A DE19740363A1 (en) 1997-09-13 1997-09-13 Lambda probe gas sensor for detecting substances in motor vehicle exhaust gas
PCT/DE1998/002608 WO1999014583A1 (en) 1997-09-13 1998-09-04 Gas sensor

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