EP1776183A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur kontinuierlichen durchführung chemischer prozesse - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur kontinuierlichen durchführung chemischer prozesseInfo
- Publication number
- EP1776183A1 EP1776183A1 EP05773757A EP05773757A EP1776183A1 EP 1776183 A1 EP1776183 A1 EP 1776183A1 EP 05773757 A EP05773757 A EP 05773757A EP 05773757 A EP05773757 A EP 05773757A EP 1776183 A1 EP1776183 A1 EP 1776183A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flow
- cross
- components
- reaction
- modules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00788—Three-dimensional assemblies, i.e. the reactor comprising a form other than a stack of plates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00801—Means to assemble
- B01J2219/0081—Plurality of modules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
- B01J2219/00835—Comprising catalytically active material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00873—Heat exchange
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00889—Mixing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the continuous implementation of chemical processes and a corresponding method, with which a narrow residence time distribution for the Reak ⁇ tion medium is achieved and at the same time a defined temperature profile can be set in the reaction chamber.
- Chemical reactions can be carried out particularly advantageously with the aid of microreaction technology, in which components are used for the basic operation of the process engineering and the reactions whose smallest characteristic dimensions are typically in the range of a few micrometers to a few millimeters.
- the smallest characteristic dimensions of the fluid guide are preferably below 1000 .mu.m, more preferably below 500 microns.
- An economically more advantageous solution for production is simply to increase the number of microstructures relevant to the process.
- a large number of microstructure elements to be operated in parallel are built up or incorporated into a sufficiently large base body or substrate, and this base body is installed in a correspondingly larger housing (equaling-up principle).
- This approach is followed, for example, in a high mass flow mixer in which tens of thousands of microstructures are machined into a square plate about 10 cm in side and 0.3 mm thick, all in parallel with the fluid streams to be mixed operated (DE 202 18 972 Ul). This makes it possible to achieve volume flows of a few 1000 L / h at low pressure losses of a few bar with aqueous media.
- micro heat exchangers which consist of stacked, provided with many microchannels and welded together thin plates.
- the basic geometry of such heat exchangers is approximately cubic, with a Edge length of, for example, 3 cm heat transfer performance in the range of 100 kW can be achieved (K. Schubert, W. Beer, J. Brandner, M. Fichtner, C. Franz, G. Linder 2nd International Conference on Microreaction Technology, 9.-12 March 1998, New La, USA, Tropical Conference Preprints, ISBN 0-8169-9945-7, pp. 88-95).
- some 'components are like the above-mentioned high-performance micro heat exchanger itself already not ideal because of their long and very narrow channels for use in micro-reaction systems for high throughputs.
- the laminar flow which practically exists over the entire channel length, leads to a relatively broad residence time distribution which, moreover, is broadened by volume flow inhomogeneities between the individual channels.
- Such significant differences in the volume flow between the individual channels of a parallel bundle are due to the natural manufacturing tolerances in the channel dimensions, which in turn have a given pressure loss in the fourth power on the respective volume flow, practically unavoidable.
- bundles of long, narrow channels are highly sensitive to contamination, since even small particles in the reaction medium can clog these channels.
- reaction systems which can be operated continuously with high efficiency on an industrial scale, the components available so far are therefore only suitable to a limited extent.
- a simple connection herewith to a reaction system consisting of mixers, reaction chambers and heat exchangers would neither allow to specify a defined course of the reaction temperature in the chemical conversion process nor a defined one Set reaction time.
- the advantages of the intensification of heat and mass transfer processes, which are characteristic of microreaction technology, can ultimately not be fully exploited.
- the disadvantage here is mainly the fact that in such an interconnection fluidly non-matched system components different volume elements of the process medium remain different lengths in the reaction chamber.
- the object of the present invention is to find a device and a corresponding method with which chemical reactions on an industrial scale using microreaction system components can be carried out so that a narrow residence time distribution can be achieved at a defined temperature profile in the reaction space.
- the object is achieved by a device according to claim 1 and the claims back thereon and a corresponding method.
- the device according to the invention for carrying out chemical reactions in a continuous process comprises an arrangement of components of the microreaction technique for reactions and basic operations of process engineering, as reaction spaces and / or for process analysis, which are designed for high mass flows.
- Components according to the invention are designed for a volume flow of preferably more than 25 l / h or a mass flow of preferably more than 25 kg / h, more preferably of more than 200 l / h or 200 kg / h.
- the flowed through by the process medium or the reaction mixture components consist of a plurality mikrotechnischer preferably similar and transverse to the main flow direction preferably equidistantly arranged functional elements, which are installed in rohrförrnige housing and are preferably flowed through in parallel, wherein the housing each with approximately the same flow cross-sectional shapes and in particular in the area Fluidic interfaces also have approximately the same flow cross-sections and are directly connected. There are therefore no connecting tubes between the individual housings, apart from such tubular spacers with likewise approximately the same flow cross-sectional shapes, which are specifically installed to increase the residence time between microreaction modules.
- the cross-sectional shapes of the housing can be circular, oval rectangular or polygonal executed with rounded, wherein play an important role in determining the shape, especially production-related aspects with regard to the microstructured functional elements.
- Within the components of the flow cross section outside of the microstructured functional elements varies continuously, with taper wall angles to the flow axis preferably less than 40 °, with extensions preferably less than 20 °, more preferably be kept smaller than 7 °.
- the flowing reaction mixture when passing through such a component, is divided into a plurality (between 10 1 and 10 10 ) over a relatively short distance 6 ) split smaller partial flows, which unite again immediately after passing through the microstructured functional elements to a total current. Since the velocity profiles of the partial flows compensate quickly, the flow profile of a piston flow (plug flow) is established in the total flow, which in turn leads to a narrow residence time distribution. It is precisely this setting of a piston flow within the connecting sections between the microstructured functional elements that constitutes an essential conceptual component of the device according to the invention.
- the residence time distribution within the substreams also depends on their velocity profiles. If the flow paths through the microstructured functional elements are very short, only trapezoidal start-up flows are formed which, due to the small dimensions of the partial flows within the microstructured functional elements, also have only short diffusion paths. The associated residence time distribution is therefore much narrower than in the case of a formed laminar flow, which is known to have a parabolic velocity profile with correspondingly different velocities of the volume elements at the edge or in the middle of the flow. For this reason, as well as to reduce the risk of clogging, such microstructured functional elements are preferred, within which the flow paths are at most as long, particularly preferably at most half as long as the hydraulic diameter of the flow cross section in the housing in the region of the microstructure.
- a tubular reaction system consisting of individual sections is formed with microstructured functional elements following one another in the flow direction, these functional elements forming components (modules) of the reaction system together with the respective housing.
- the first component of the system which is preferably designed as a mixer for the preparation of the reaction mixture
- the other components are designed as units which are preferably straight, that is, from the reaction mixture. without changing the main flow direction at the outlet opposite the inlet, to be flowed through.
- These may be components for carrying out basic operations of process engineering, for example for exchanging heat, adding further substances or separating, or reaction spaces containing, for example, heterogeneous catalysts.
- Other components can be used for process analysis.
- the reaction space for the chemical reaction in the reaction system according to the invention is formed by the entire volume flowed through or parts of this volume, wherein the length of the residence time is determined by the size of the volume and the volume or mass flow of Reak ⁇ tion system. Depending on the required residence time, this can be predetermined by a corresponding adjustment of this flow or by a change in the volume, wherein it is particularly cost-effective to provide individual tube sections of suitable length for setting this volume or the residence time between the microstructured functional elements Insert components as dwell lines. Since there is a piston flow in these for a certain distance, which may be a large fraction up to a few multiples of the hydraulic diameter of the main flow cross section depending on the flow conditions, a narrow residence time distribution is maintained within these pipe sections.
- the piston flow For longer dwell distances, it depends on the flow conditions (Reynolds number) to maintain or readjust the piston flow, ie for suppressing a laminar flow profile or a turbulent flow with strong backmixing expedient to install in the pipe sections perpendicular to the main flow direction aligned plates with provided a plurality of openings or channels and are inexpensive to manufacture.
- the desired profile of a piston flow is realized by combining numerous small partial flows.
- the distance between successive hole / channel plates is preferably at least eight times the hole or channel spacing on the respective upstream plate, but at most three times, preferably the simple hydraulic diameter of the Main flow cross-section between the plates.
- the arrangement may also differ from the preferred arrangement perpendicular to the main flow direction.
- the plates may also be corrugated, folded or otherwise multi-dimensionally structured.
- the smallest dimension of the openings is preferably at most one tenth of the total cross section of the main flow.
- the number of openings is between 10 1 and 10 6 , preferably between 100 and 1000.
- the openings leave a total of at least 10% and preferably at most 50% of the cross section of the main flow free.
- the freely traversed length between these functional elements should nevertheless amount to at least approximately six times the greatest lateral spacing of adjacent outflow openings of the respectively upstream microstructured functional element in order to obtain from Overlay the sub-beams again to produce a sufficiently smooth Kolbeströmungsprofil.
- the components with microstructured functional elements installed in tubular housings and the pipe sections serving as retention zones are preferably designed as modules with defined lengths according to a predetermined grid dimension. This makes it possible to exchange modules with differentêts ⁇ elements, but the same pitch against each other and to change the order of the modules or the configuration of the reaction system with minimal effort.
- the user can optionally flexibly set up completely different reaction systems after the end of use, without incurring additional investment costs.
- a typical pitch for the length of the module is a quarter of the inner diameter of circular cylindrical cross section and the width of square cross section. For modules designed for a flow rate of 1,000 L / h for aqueous reaction media, for example, a pitch of 25 mm is selected.
- connection of the modules can easily be done via flanges.
- a particularly cost-effective and flexible solution also consists in the possibility of carrying out the modules only in the form of pipe sections and compressing them after the insertion of sealing elements by means of a clamping system which can extend over the entire length of the tubular reaction system.
- hydraulic presses can be used, preferably those with pressures below 250 bar.
- metallic seals can also be used.
- exchangeable modules are used which, for the fluidic connection with one another, preferably have a maximum of up to three different interfaces and particularly preferably only one uniform interface.
- the cross-sections through which the reaction medium flows are approximately the same on the inflow and outflow sides of the housings, and the individual tube sections can be smoothly connected to one another without steps or abrupt changes in the cross-sectional shape.
- the shape of the flow cross-section of the other modules and the interfaces can not be taken over the entire length.
- This can, for example, relate to photochemical processes if the incident light is already absorbed by the reaction medium over a very short distance.
- it is necessary to design the reaction space as a thin layer bounded by walls or windows with a correspondingly large surface area.
- the same applies to fixed-bed catalysts with high flow resistance per unit area flowed through, in which the cross-sectional area must be increased to avoid inadmissible pressure losses.
- An increase in the cross-sectional area may also be expedient for dwell lines if relatively long residence times or corresponding residence volumes are necessary.
- transition regions are embodied, for example, in the form of a slender cone. This ensures that there is no separation of the flow from the inner wall of the housing and prevents the formation of dead-water zones, which inevitably form during abrupt changes in the flow cross-section and detrimentally broadening the residence time distribution.
- the necessary length of such transition regions can be significantly shortened, for example, by the incorporation of plates oriented perpendicularly to the flow and provided with small openings, without the residence time distribution being unduly broadened.
- the device according to the invention has the advantage of a piston flow with a low residence time distribution within the flow paths between the microstructured functional units.
- a corresponding mixer for admixing further substances can advantageously be designed such that a plurality of tubes provided with lateral openings or comparable structural elements are arranged as supply lines perpendicularly (transversely) to the flow direction.
- the leads are arranged in one plane or in several superimposed planes.
- the substances in question are introduced from the outside into the tubes and fed via the lateral openings of the main stream. As it flows through the mixing zone formed by the tubes, the main flow is split into many parallel, narrow lamellar partial flows, into which the partial streams of the further substances flow laterally, so that rapid and uniform mixing is ensured. It is readily possible to introduce different substances into adjacent tubes.
- the arrangement can consist of straight tubes aligned in parallel or also of tube layers arranged one above the other, the tubes being offset from one another or being rotated by a certain angle with respect to the tube axes.
- parallel straight tubes it is of course also possible to use other arrangements, for example geometries in the form of a spiral or a helix.
- leads with other cross-sectional shapes instead of tubes with a circular cross-section.
- tubes aligned perpendicular to the flow are installed in the housing through which the reaction mixture flows, which are flowed through by a heat transfer medium or electrically heated.
- tubes are expediently arranged offset in several directions in the direction of the main flow.
- Housing cross-sectional area of about 100 cm 2 are advantageously used tubes with an outer diameter in the range of one millimeter, which are arranged at a distance of less than one millimeter.
- plate-shaped bodies are installed in the housing through which the reaction mixture flows, which are electrically heated or flowed through as a hollow body by a heat transfer medium.
- Such microplate heat exchangers typically have sub-millimeter plate gaps, and the plates can be easily disassembled and cleaned.
- heat transfer capacities of a few 10 kW are achieved here as well, given corresponding boundary conditions.
- micro-heat exchangers described here can be used in a simple manner for catalytic reactions by applying catalytically active layers to the tubes or plates of the micro-heat exchangers.
- a significant advantage of such catalyst modules is that the temperature of the catalytically active surface can be accurately adjusted. At the same time, it is ensured that the temperature of the reaction mixture can be precisely adjusted by the high heat transfer performance of such arrangements, which has a positive effect on the yield and selectivity of the reaction.
- catalytically active powder or catalyst pellets are enclosed in the interstices between the tubes or plates of the micro heat exchanger according to the invention and through perforated plates or sieves above and below the tubes or plates and of perforated plates or sieves, heat exchanger tubes or Plates and catalyst material formed assembly is installed in a module housing and flows through the reaction mixture. Preferably, these are installed perpendicular to the main flow direction in the housing of a module or a component.
- Such an arrangement has the advantage that catalysts can be used without problems as commercially available delivery form as a fixed bed and at sufficiently high flow rates as a fluidized bed.
- the perforated plates or sieves may, for example, also be corrugated or cone-shaped. It is likewise possible to use appropriately shaped stable sintered bodies of catalytically active material instead of beds of loose powders or pellets.
- the properties of the catalyst modules described herein can be advantageously combined by introducing catalytically active powders or catalyst pellets into the interstices between the tubes or plates of the micro heat exchangers and trapping them through perforated plates or sieves above and below the tubes or plates.
- the arrangement of perforated plates or sieves, heat exchanger tubes or plates and catalyst material is installed in a module housing and the reaction mixture flows through it.
- the flowing process medium is guided in a tubular arrangement so that it is split when flowing through the microtechnical functional elements in a plurality of small streams and these streams are then merged into a total stream, the processes of splitting and merging multiple, preferably at least three times, more preferably at least four to five times be repeated. According to this procedure is characterized by the sequence of parallel small
- micro-functional functional elements generate a large number of small partial flows and repeatedly repeats them to an overall be merged stream, at a given throughput cost-effective adjustment especially longer residence times is possible.
- the volumes between the respective components provided with microtechnical functional elements and the total volume of the reaction space are correspondingly increased by dwell lengths in the form of tubular sections, optionally with increased cross-section and in conjunction with a suitably designed transition region, between these components with microstructured functional elements be introduced.
- the decisive factor for selectivity, conversion and yield is a defined temperature profile in the temporal and spatial sequence of the chemical reaction process.
- a suitable sequence of components e.g. a sequence of heat exchangers and dwell lines or modules with micro heat exchangers
- this temperature profile in the flowing reaction mixture along the flow direction can be set in the desired manner. If, for example, the heat produced during the reaction is very high in the case of an exothermic process at the beginning of the reaction, it is initially possible to insert only short pipe sections as dwell lines between individual heat exchanger components or to use the volumes of these components as reaction volumes.
- the length of the pipe sections serving as retention zones for the residence time can correspondingly be increased and thus an approximately constant temperature profile in the flowing reaction mixture.
- the devices of the invention and the corresponding methods can be used not only for single-stage, but also for multi-stage reactions.
- one or more further substances are admixed to the flowing reaction mixture with the aid of a flow-through micromixer and then reacted.
- Also existing in the flowing reaction mixture substances can be implemented by means of a passage through components provided with catalysts (catalyst modules). After a first reaction in further upstream regions of the reaction system, a subsequent reaction with previously formed reaction products can thus be initiated become.
- the introduced into the modules catalyst or other functional materials can then be changed or regenerated by cooling or heating in their properties.
- electromagnetic radiation eg of light or microwaves
- the components used can be flowed through by the reaction mixture.
- the modules of the reaction system can therefore be equipped with appropriate sensors with which, for example, the temperature of the reaction medium is measured locally and adjusted to the desired value by changing the temperature and / or the throughput of the heat exchanger medium in the heat exchanger module in the required manner.
- process analytics for which modules for continuous optical analysis are preferably used, with which, for example, the optical absorption of a specific constituent of the process medium in a specific spectral range is measured. In other cases, the analysis takes place via the removal of samples for which special sampling valves are attached to corresponding modules.
- Figure 1 Schematic representation of a constructed from modules reaction system for carrying out continuous reactions with high mass flows
- Figure 2 Schematic representation of the development of the flow profiles when flowing through a module with a plurality of parallel connected mikrotechnischerêtsele ⁇ elements
- FIG. 3 Insertion of dwell lines with and without perforated plates to increase the reaction volume or the residence time and to set the reaction temperature
- FIG. 5 Micromixer for feeding further substances into the reaction mixture stream
- FIG. 6 catalyst modules
- Figure 7 transition areas for the alignment of the cross-sectional shape of narrow and wide functional areas to the standard cross-sectional shape of adjacent housing
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a reaction system constructed from modular components (modules) 1 for carrying out continuous reactions with high mass flows.
- modules modules
- a plurality of parallel connected mikrotechnischerjans ⁇ elements 2 for the implementation of reactions and basic operations of process engineering is installed.
- the housings 3 of the modules are of tubular design and each have the same flow cross-sectional shapes with respect to the inner wall of the housings.
- the housings are interconnected by flanges 4 with gaskets (not shown) therebetween.
- the constituents A and B of the reaction mixture C are first fed via supply lines 5 to a fluid distributor system 6 and introduced into a multiplicity of parallel microtechnical mixing elements 7, with which a multiplicity of uniformly composed substreams c of the reaction mixture are produced Combine total stream C of the reaction mixture.
- the reaction can take place partially or completely already directly in or after the microtechnical mixing elements or can be introduced into downstream microtechnicalvents ⁇ elements 2a, 2b or 2c.
- these downstream functional elements can also serve the purpose of causing physical changes in state, for example a change in the temperature in heat exchangers, or be used for subsequent reactions in multi-stage processes.
- the respective changes of the reaction mixture stream or of the corresponding partial streams are indicated by the letters D and E or d and e, while F represents the product stream discharged from the reaction system.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the development of the flow profiles in the reaction mixture as it flows through a module 1 with a multiplicity of microtransport functional elements 2 connected in parallel.
- a micro heat exchanger 8 with a bundle of tubes 9 oriented perpendicular to the flow direction is used, for reasons the overview increases the distances between the tubes and the number of tubes, which can be a few hundred, is greatly reduced.
- the velocity profile V 1 of the reaction mixture flowing towards the tube bundle initially corresponds to that of a piston flow, which has previously formed, as also described below, from the confluence of a multiplicity of small partial flows. As it enters the tube bundle, the velocity between the tubes increases, and when exiting, results in a profile V2 with a variety of high velocity regions.
- the narrow, lying between the tubes dead water zones act is based on the width of the residence time distribution only to a small extent, since between the areas with high speed due to the small transverse dimensions, a rapid mass transfer by diffusion takes place, which is also mostly supported by a convective mass transfer by secondary flows.
- a rapid mass transfer by diffusion takes place, which is also mostly supported by a convective mass transfer by secondary flows.
- the profile V2 goes quickly into the profiles V3 and V4 and then in the profile V5 of a piston flow.
- Haft ⁇ condition that is, the speed drops on the housing wall in a narrow Grenz ⁇ layer to zero.
- FIG. 3 makes it clear how the residence time can be inexpensively extended for a given throughput and the temperature in the flowing reaction mixture can be set.
- pipe sections are inserted as Ver ⁇ legerumblen 10 whose length or volume is given according to the desired residence time. Even with long dwell distances or with the gradual transition to larger diameter, an approximately piston-shaped airfoil can be maintained by inserting plates 11 with a large number of small openings, as already explained above.
- the temperature profile in the reaction mixture can be adjusted.
- the provided with microtechnical functional elements 2 modules 1 are each heat exchangers. Due to the high amount of heat of reaction released at the beginning of the reaction, the temperature initially rises correspondingly steeply from a value TQ to the temperature T j , which is lowered again to the temperature T 2 when it passes through the heat exchanger module. Thereafter, there is again an increase to T ⁇ , which is somewhat slower due to slightly lower amount of heat released per unit of track. In the subsequent dwell lines 10, their length is further increased in order to take account of the ever decreasing amount of heat and to keep the temperature within a certain oscillation range. At the end of the running distance, it may then be expedient to lower the temperature in a corresponding heat exchanger strongly to T3 in order to stop the reaction or to prevent undesired secondary reactions.
- FIG. 4 shows a special, particularly installation-friendly embodiment of the reaction system in which the length of the individual modules 1 corresponds to an integer multiple of a given grid length R.
- the reaction space is sealed to the outside via sealing rings 12 between the modules.
- the modules 1 are pressed together via a clamping system, which consists essentially of an upper clamping plate 13 and a lower clamping plate 14 and threaded rods 15.
- Also incorporated in FIG. 4 are mixer modules 16 in which further connections for feeding in additional substances into the reaction system are provided for carrying out multistage reactions.
- FIG. 5 shows a special micromixer which can be passed through by the original reaction mixture, more substances in the form of small partial streams g being fed to the reaction mixture stream E for carrying out multistage reactions.
- the mixer module 16 consists of the housing 3 as well as microtechnical functional elements 2, which are designed as provided with lateral openings 18 tubes 17 which are arranged perpendicular to the main flow direction of the reaction mixture stream E.
- FIG. 6 shows various embodiments of catalyst modules derived from heat exchanger assemblies.
- staggered tubes 21 are coated with porous material 22 in whose pores the catalytically active substance is introduced by known methods, for example by an impregnation process.
- catalyst material 24 is introduced between the plate-shaped hollow bodies 23, which are flowed through by a heat transfer medium or else heated electrically. The typical distances between two hollow bodies are about 1 mm.
- Above and below the formed from the hollow bodies 23 and catalyst material 24 are provided with openings cover plates 25 are mounted.
- the catalyst material may be reactivated or, for example, an absorber material may be introduced instead of catalyst material.
- FIG. 7 shows arrangements with components and modules in which the flow cross sections in the respective functional sections (indicated only schematically), which are provided with microtechnical functional elements, deviate from the cross-sectional shapes of the adjacent components, dwell routes or modules.
- transition areas are required by which the cross-sectional shape of the functional area is gradually adjusted to the cross-sectional shapes of the immediately adjacent modules, as shown schematically in Figure 7. If the cross-section of a functional region 26 is smaller than the standard cross-section of the housing, the transition takes place in a convergent supply channel 27, which may have a relatively short length, since there is usually no separation of the flow from the channel wall and thus not to dead water zones which would lead to a broadening of the residence time distribution.
- the divergent discharge channel 28, however, is designed to be substantially longer in order to keep the essential for the detachment angle between the Wendetangente the channel wall and the main flow direction sufficiently small.
- perforated plates 11 By inserting perforated plates 11, a separation can be suppressed and the transition of the housing cross-sections with a shorter divergent discharge channel 29 can be realized.
- the cross-section of a functional area 30 is greater than the standard cross-section of the housings, then the transition takes place in a divergent supply duct 31 and a convergent discharge duct 32.
- the divergent supply duct 31 should have a slender shape.
- the transition can also be realized with a shorter divergent supply channel 33.
- For functional areas which, for example, have a plate-like shape, that is wider in one direction and narrower in the other direction than the standard cross-section of the housings, corresponding criteria apply to the design of the transition areas.
- G additionally fed component for multi-stage reactions g additionally fed partial streams for multi-stage reactions
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Abstract
Description
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DE102004035462A DE102004035462A1 (de) | 2004-07-22 | 2004-07-22 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Durchführung chemischer Prozesse |
PCT/EP2005/007699 WO2006010490A1 (de) | 2004-07-22 | 2005-07-15 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur kontinuierlichen durchführung chemischer prozesse |
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EP1776183A1 true EP1776183A1 (de) | 2007-04-25 |
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DE102005022958B3 (de) * | 2005-05-19 | 2006-07-20 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Mikrostrukturreaktor und Verwendung desselben |
DE102012210362A1 (de) * | 2012-06-20 | 2013-12-24 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Granulierung |
EP3287467A1 (de) | 2016-08-22 | 2018-02-28 | ratiopharm GmbH | Herstellung von obeticholsäure mit kontinuierlichen durchflussprozessschritten |
KR102352224B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-20 | 2022-01-18 | 대웅바이오(주) | 연속흐름반응을 이용한 담즙산 유도체의 제조 방법 |
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US1637697A (en) * | 1927-03-07 | 1927-08-02 | Duriron Co | Mixing nozzle |
DE2008354A1 (de) * | 1970-02-23 | 1971-09-09 | Boehnnger Mannheim GmbH, 6800 Mann heim | Kombinationssaule |
IL84939A (en) * | 1987-01-06 | 1991-05-12 | Baylor College Medicine | Chemically inert wafer for synthesizing biopolymers |
US4861866A (en) * | 1987-01-21 | 1989-08-29 | Eldex Laboratories, Inc. | Continuous flow peptide synthesizer |
DE4308697A1 (de) * | 1993-03-18 | 1994-09-22 | Durst Franz Prof Dr Dr H C | Verfahren zur Anreicherung eines ersten gasförmigen oder flüssigen Mediums mit einem zweiten Gas oder einer zweiten Flüssigkeit sowie ein Reaktor zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
DE19959249A1 (de) * | 1999-12-08 | 2001-07-19 | Inst Mikrotechnik Mainz Gmbh | Modulares Mikroreaktionssystem |
DE10026903A1 (de) * | 2000-06-03 | 2002-01-10 | Cpc Cellular Process Chemistry | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chinolon-3-carbonsäuren |
GB2366529A (en) * | 2000-09-11 | 2002-03-13 | Univ Sheffield | Fluidic control valve for an assembly containing a plurality of microreactors |
JP2005501711A (ja) * | 2001-06-27 | 2005-01-20 | エヌユー エレメント, インコーポレイテッド | 流体処理デバイス用モジュラーマイクロリアクタアーキテクチャおよび方法 |
DE10160440A1 (de) * | 2001-12-08 | 2003-07-03 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Temperieren von Mikroströmen |
DE20218972U1 (de) * | 2002-12-07 | 2003-02-13 | Ehrfeld Mikrotechnik AG, 55234 Wendelsheim | Statischer Laminationsmikrovermischer |
-
2004
- 2004-07-22 DE DE102004035462A patent/DE102004035462A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-07-15 EP EP05773757A patent/EP1776183A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2005-07-15 WO PCT/EP2005/007699 patent/WO2006010490A1/de active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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None * |
See also references of WO2006010490A1 * |
Also Published As
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DE102004035462A1 (de) | 2006-03-16 |
WO2006010490A1 (de) | 2006-02-02 |
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