EP1675932A2 - Additivmischung als bestandteil von zusammensetzungen aus mineralöl - Google Patents
Additivmischung als bestandteil von zusammensetzungen aus mineralölInfo
- Publication number
- EP1675932A2 EP1675932A2 EP04817260A EP04817260A EP1675932A2 EP 1675932 A2 EP1675932 A2 EP 1675932A2 EP 04817260 A EP04817260 A EP 04817260A EP 04817260 A EP04817260 A EP 04817260A EP 1675932 A2 EP1675932 A2 EP 1675932A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- additive
- copolymers
- mineral oil
- ethylene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 215
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 168
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004164 Wax ester Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- -1 ether amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 29
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(CO)CO YQEMORVAKMFKLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerol monostearate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO SVUQHVRAGMNPLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- JYZLSYFPFQTNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-octyldecan-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCCCC(CO)CCCCCCCC JYZLSYFPFQTNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002373 hemiacetals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006184 cosolvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XULHFMYCBKQGEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexyl-1-Decanol Chemical class CCCCCCCCC(CO)CCCCCC XULHFMYCBKQGEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical class [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 25
- KYXHKHDZJSDWEF-LHLOQNFPSA-N CCCCCCC1=C(CCCCCC)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)CC1 Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=C(CCCCCC)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)CC1 KYXHKHDZJSDWEF-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 67
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 58
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 22
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 21
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 21
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 15
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N elaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-MDZDMXLPSA-N 0.000 description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 13
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 9
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric aldehyde Natural products CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960004488 linolenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N linolenic acid Natural products CC=CCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O KQQKGWQCNNTQJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-2-ylbenzene Chemical group CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 FZYCEURIEDTWNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 6
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCN REYJJPSVUYRZGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
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- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
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Definitions
- the invention relates to an additive mixture as a constituent of compositions of mineral oil as the main component and small proportions of an additive mixture, and to a method for producing compositions from mineral oil which contain the additive mixture.
- compositions of mineral oils as the main component and small proportions of additive mixtures of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, hydrocarbon polymers, esterified maleic anhydride-olefin copolymers, polar nitrogen compounds such as amine salts of polyvalent carboxylic acids and esterified polyoxyalkylenes are known (WO 94/10 267 Al, WO 95 / 33 012 AI, EP 0 921 183 AI, WO 93/14 178 AI, EP 0 889 323 AI).
- the disadvantages are the inadequate flow behavior and the storage stability of these compositions at low temperatures and the limited lubricity of the recipes if the mineral oil component has a sulfur content of less than 0.005% by mass.
- the object of the invention is an additive mixture as a constituent of compositions of mineral oils as the main component and small proportions of an additive mixture which have improved flow behavior and improved storage stability at low temperatures and improved lubricity.
- the improved flow behavior is said to save energy can be achieved with the pump units through which these formulations are transported.
- the development of the additive mixtures should take place from the point of view of using mineral oils with a very low sulfur content in order to achieve fuels with improved environmental compatibility with regard to pollutant emissions.
- the object of the invention was achieved by an additive mixture as a constituent of compositions composed of mineral oil as the main component and small proportions of an additive mixture, the additive mixture according to the invention comprising the additive components a) ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers with weight-average weights of 3000 to 50,000 and an ethylene content of 50 to 90% by mass and b) mixed esters of glycerol in which 50 to 80 mol% of the hydroxyl groups with unsaturated Ci 2 -C 4 o-monocarboxylic acids and 20 to 50 mol% of the hydroxyl groups with partially imidized and / or partially esterified maleic anhydride copolymers are esterified, and / or c) partially and / or completely imidized copolymers of maleic anhydride and ⁇ -methylstyrene with number average molecular weights from 1500 to 15000 and at least one end group based on dimeric ⁇ -methylstyrene, and / or d) wax compositions based
- Y H or - CO - (CH 2 ) d - CH - (CH 2 ) b - CH 3 IH 3 C - (CH 2 ) C - CH - (CH 2 ) a - CO - OH
- X H or -CH 2 -CH (OH) -CH 2 -0-CO- (CH 2 ) Z -CH 3 , and / or d2) wax esters with a vaseline-like consistency based on at least two different straight-chain and / or branched C; -C 36 alcohols and dimer acids, in which the reaction product contains at least 80% by mass of the structure H 3 C - (CH 2 ) i - O - CO - (CH 2 ) k - CH - CH - (CH 2 ) m - CH 3
- vinyl ester components which can be contained in the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers as additive component a) are vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ester, vinyl laurate, 2-hydroxyethyl vinyl ester and 4-hydroxybutyl vinyl ester.
- the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers can contain, as further unsaturated ester components, 1 to 30% by mass, based on the vinyl ester, of (meth) acrylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, or ethyl methacrylate and / or contain vinyl ethers such as octyl vinyl ether or hexanediol monovinyl ether.
- (meth) acrylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, or ethyl methacrylate
- vinyl ethers such as octyl vinyl ether or hexanediol monovinyl ether.
- the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers are preferred as additive component a) in the additive mixture of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers with a vinyl acetate content of 12 to 50% by mass.
- ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers contained in the additive mixture as additive component a) are mixtures of 10 to 90% by weight of unmodified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers and 90 to 10% by weight % are ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers modified by polar groups.
- the modification of the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers by polar groups consists in the incorporation of special end groups such as aldehyde end groups, preferably end groups made of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, carboxyalkylmercapto end groups, preferably end groups made of mercaptoacetic acid or mercaptopropionic acid, or alkoxy end groups in the Copoly er, in the incorporation of hydroxyl and / or carboxy groups in the copolymer by partial oxidation, saponification or acetalization and by grafting polar, ethylenically unsaturated monomers onto the copolymer.
- special end groups such as aldehyde end groups, preferably end groups made of acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde or isobutyraldehyde, carboxyalkylmercapto end groups,
- the modified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers are preferably oxidized ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, partially saponified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, semi-acetals of partially saponified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers and / or by polar unsaturated monomers of the vinyl ester type, (meth) acrylic ester and / / or vinyl ether-grafted ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers.
- the oxidized ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers are preferably oxidized ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers with number average molecular weights from 800 to 5000, acid numbers from 2 to 40 mg KOH / g and OH numbers from 20 to 150 mg KOH / g.
- the partially saponified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers are preferably partially saponified ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers with number average molecular weights of 800 to 5000, in which 5 to 30 mol% of the vinyl acetate units are saponified.
- modified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers have hemiacetals of ethylene-vinyl ester-vinyl alcohol copolymers with butyral- are debyd.
- hemiacetals of ethylene-vinyl ester-vinyl alcohol copolymers with butyraldehyde are hemiacetals of ethylene-vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol copolymers which, according to DD 295 507 A7, have been reacted with butyraldehyde in a heterogeneous phase.
- the grafted ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers can be prepared by reaction with the unsaturated monomers in an extruder (DD 282 462 B5) or in a stirred reactor (DD 293 125 B5) in the presence of thermally decomposing radical formers. It is also possible to carry out the modification in the production of the copolymer by the high-pressure process by metering the monomers into the polymer melt in the low-pressure separator or into the discharge extruder.
- the grafted ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers as additive component a) are grafted ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers with vinyl acetate with molar mass numbers of 800 to 5000 and a total vinyl acetate content of 20 to 60 mass%, the vinyl acetate content of the copolymer backbone chain 10 to 40 mass % and the proportion of the grafted vinyl acetate side chains is 10 to 20% by mass.
- the ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers in the additive compositions can contain up to 35% by mass of poly-C 6 -C 3 6-alkyl (meth) acrylates.
- maleic anhydride copolymers which can be partially imidized or partially esterified as an acid component in the mixed esters of glycerol as additive component b) of the additive mixture are copolymers
- Maleic anhydride and the comonomer components C 2 -C 2 o-olefins, C 8 -C 2 o-vinyl aromatics, C 4 -C 2 ⁇ -acrylic acid esters, C 5 - C 2 -methacrylic acid esters, C 5 -C ⁇ 4 -vinylsilanes, C 5 - C ⁇ 5 - acrylate silanes, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinyl pyridine, vinyl oxazoline, isopropenyloxazoline, vinyl pyrrolidone, amino-C 8 -C 8 alkyl (meth) acrylates, C 3 -C 2 o- vinyl esters, C 3 -C 2 o -Vinyl ether and
- the maleic anhydride copolymers preferably have a molar ratio of maleic anhydride / comonomer of 1: 1 to 1: 9 and molar mass weight average of 5000 to 500000.
- the partial imidization can be carried out with ammonia, C 1 -C 24 monoalkylamines, C 6 -C 18 aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C 8 -monoa monoalcohols, monoaminated poly (CC 4 -alkylene) oxides with a molecular weight of 400 to 3000, and / or mono-retracted poly (C 2 -C 4 -alkylene) oxides with a molecular weight of 100 to 10,000, the molar ratio of anhydride groups copolymer / ammonia, amino groups C 1 -C 24 - monoalkyla ine, C 6 -C ⁇ 8 aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C 18 - mono-ino alcohols or mono-inated poly (C 2 -C 4 -
- Suitable amines with which the maleic anhydride copolymers are partially imidized are C 2 -C 24 -monoalkylamines such as Oleyla in, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine or eicosylamine, monosubstituted diamines of the N-dodecyl-1 type , 3-diaminopropane, N-octadecyl-1, 3-diaminopropane or N-octadecylpropylenetri in or amino alcohols such as aminodecan-10-ol or A ino-hexadecan-16-ol.
- C 2 -C 24 -monoalkylamines such as Oleyla in, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine or eicosylamine, monosubstituted diamines of the N-dodec
- suitable alcohols with which the maleic anhydride copolymers as the acid component in the mixed esters of glycerol as additive component b) of the additive mixture are partially esterified are —CC 8 alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, ethylhexanol or stearyl alcohol.
- Examples of the unsaturated C 12 -C 4 o-monocarboxylic acids contained in the mixed esters of the glycerol of the additive mixture as esterification components are oleic acid, elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid, eleostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid or dimer acids based on oleic acid or linolenic acid.
- Examples of suitable processes for the preparation of the mixed esters of glycerol in which 50 to 80 mol% of the hydroxyl groups are esterified with unsaturated C 2 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids and 20 to 50 mol% of the hydroxyl groups are esterified with partially imidized and / or partially esterified maleic anhydride copolymers are the partial reaction of glycerol with unsaturated C 2 -C 4 o-monocarboxylic acids and subsequently with partially imidized and / or partially esterified maleic anhydride copolymers or the partial reaction of glycerol with partially imidized and / or partially esterified maleic anhydride copolymers and subsequently with unsaturated C 1 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids.
- the reaction can be carried out in the melt, preferably in continuous kneaders at temperatures from 50 to 135 ° C. under vacuum degassing, or as a solution process, preferably in aromatic solvents at 85
- the mixed esters of glycerol in the additive mixture preferably contain those contained as the esterification component Ci 2 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids from 45 to 52 mass% C 22 "Mo ocarboxylic acids, based on the total mass of the C 12 -C 4 o monocarboxylic acid.
- the partially imidized maleic anhydride copolymers contained as esterification components are preferably maleic anhydride- ⁇ -methylstyrene copolymers partially imidized with C 6 -C 24 -monoalkylamines, in which the molar ratio Anhydride groups in the copolymer / bonded C 6 -C 24 monoalkylamine in the copolymer is 8: 1 to 2: 1.
- Examples of partially imidized copolymers of maleic anhydride and ⁇ -methylstyrene as additive component c) are copolymers with an approximately equimolar ratio of the two monomers, in which the partial and / or complete imidization with ammonia, C 1 -C 24 -monoalkylamines, Ce -Cie aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C 18 monoamino alcohols, monoaminated poly (C 2 -C 4 alkylene) oxides, and / or monoetherified poly (C 2 -C 4 alkylene) oxides, where the molar ratio of anhydride groups copolymer / ammonia, A ino groups -C ⁇ C 24 monoalkylamines, C 6 -C 8 aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C 8 monoamino alcohols or monoaminated poly (C 2 -C 4 alkylene) oxide is 1: 1 to 20: 1.
- the partially imidized copolymers of maleic anhydride and ⁇ -methylstyrene as additive component c) are preferably maleic anhydride- ⁇ -methylstyrene copolymers partially imidized with C 6 -C 24 ⁇ monoalkylamines, in which the molar ratio of anhydride groups in the copolymer / bound nes C 6 -C 24 monoalkylamine in the copolymer is 8: 1 to 1.3: 1.
- C 12 -C 24 monoalkylamines with which the partially imidized maleic anhydride- ⁇ -methylstyrene copolymers contained in the additive mixture can be identified are dodecylamine, tetradecyla in, hexadecylamine, octadecyla in, Oleyla in or eicosyla in.
- the waxy oligomeric esters based on glycerol monostearate and dimer acid as additive component dl) are the oligomeric esters described in EP 0 934 921 A1.
- the component glycerol monostearate can be prepared by cleaving rapeseed oil using enzymes, isolating the glycerol monooleate formed and subsequent hydrogenation.
- a suitable production process for the dimer acid component is the splitting of vegetable oils and the subsequent dimerization of the unsaturated fatty acids formed.
- the oligomeric esters are prepared by solvent-free oligocondensation with acid catalysis.
- Preferred additive components dl) are waxy oligomeric esters which have a degree of oligomerization of 2 to 8.
- the wax esters with a vaseline-like consistency d2) are the wax esters described in EP 0 970 988 A1.
- Preferred are the wax esters contained in the additive mixture with a vaseline-like consistency d2) wax esters based on Guerbet alcohols of the type 2-hexyldecan-l-ol, 2-octyldecan-l-ol or 2-octyldecan-l-ol and dimer acids, which are obtained by cleaving Vegetable oils with high oleic acid part and subsequent catalytic dimerization can be obtained.
- the wax esters can be prepared from Guerbet alcohols and dimer acid by catalytic esterification in the presence of acidic catalysts at temperatures from 100 to 160 ° C in stirred reactors with a vacuum of - 0.5 to -1.5 bar.
- mineral oils which form the main component in the mineral oil compositions are crude oils and petroleum distillates with a boiling range of 100 to 500 ° C such as lubricating oils, kerosene, diesel, heating oil, heavy heating oils, petroleum, tractor fuel and cracked gasoline.
- the mineral oils can also contain up to 30% by mass of synthetic hydrocarbons from the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, up to 20% by weight of modified vegetable oils based on sunflower oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, or oils of animal origin, biodiesel and / or up to 10% by mass of alcohols such as methanol or E. - contain thano1.
- the mineral oils are preferably crude oils or fuel oils from a middle distillate with a sulfur content below 0.05% by mass, in particular heating oils, gas oils or diesel oils.
- compositions of mineral oil can contain a total of up to 200% by mass, based on the additive components a + b, a + c, a + d, a + b + c, a + b + c + d or a + c + d, further additive components from Type fatty acid mixtures, polar nitrogen compounds, preferably polyamines, ether amines, amino alcohols, amine salts, amides or imides of polyvalent carboxylic acids; modified copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 2 o-dicarboxylic acid anhydrides, unmodified ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers, C 7 -C 3 o-alcohols, polyalkylene glycols, esters or ethers of polyoxyalkylene Compounds, c 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 2 -C 4 o-monocarboxylic acids, preferably C 3 -C 4
- fatty acid mixtures contained in the compositions from mineral oil as further additive components are mixtures of saturated and / or unsaturated C 6 -C 40 carboxylic acids such as lauric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, di-fatty acids and alkenyl succinic acid.
- Examples of the polar nitrogen compounds of the polyamine type contained in the compositions of mineral oil as further additive components are N-hexadecyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-octadecyldipropylenetriamine, N-dodecyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N, N'-didodecyl -l, 3-diaminopropane and N, N '-dioctadecyl-dipropylenetriamine.
- Examples of the polar nitrogen compounds of the etherene type contained in the compositions from mineral oil as further additive components are 3-methoxypropylamine, 3-N-octyloxypropyl-1, 3-diaminopropane and 3-N- (2,4,6- trimethyldecyloxypropyl) -1, 3-diaminopropane.
- Amino alcohol type compounds are aminopentan- 5-ol, aminoundecan-11-ol and 2-amino-2-methylpropanol.
- Examples of the amines on which polar amine salts, amides or imides of polyvalent carboxylic acids are based are C 8 -co-amines such as hydrogenated tallamine, tetradecylamine, eicosylamine, dioctadecylamine, methylbehenylamine, N-oleyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-stearyl-l-methyl-1, 3-diaminopropane or N-oleyldipropylenentriamine.
- C 8 -co-amines such as hydrogenated tallamine, tetradecylamine, eicosylamine, dioctadecylamine, methylbehenylamine, N-oleyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N-stearyl-l-methyl-1, 3-diaminopropane or N-oleyldipropylenentriamine.
- polyvalent carboxylic acids on which polar amine salts or amides of polyvalent carboxylic acids are based are phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, ethylenediactetraacetic acid and cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid.
- polar nitrogen compounds of the amine salt type contained in the compositions from mineral oil as further additive components are N-methyltriethanola monium distearyl ester chloride and N-methyltriethanolammonium distearyl ester methosulfate.
- Examples of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 2 o-dicarboxylic acid anhydrides which may be present as a monomer component in the modified copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 2 0 -dicarboxylic acid anhydrides as a further additive component are allylsuccinic anhydride, bicycloheptenedicarboxylic acid anhydride, bicyclo acid anhydride, carbomethoxymaleic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, cyclohexene dicarboxylic acid anhydride, dodecyclic succinic anhydride, glutaconic acid anhydride, ita Conic anhydride, maleic anhydride, mesaconic anhydride, methylbicycloheptenedicarboxylic anhydride and / or methylcyclohexenedicarboxylic anhydride, maleic anhydride and / or itaconic anhydride are preferred.
- Suitable comonomers for ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 2 o-dicarboxylic acid anhydrides which may be present as a monomer component in the modified copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C 4 -C 2 o-dicarboxylic acid anhydrides as a further additive component are ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the type C 2 -C 2 o-olefins, C 8 - C 2 rj-vinyl aromatic compounds, C 4 -C 2 ⁇ -acrylate, C 5 -C 22 -meth- acrylate, C 5 -C ⁇ -Vinylsilane 4, C 6 -C ⁇ 5 -Acrylatsilane, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylonitrile, vinyl pyridine, vinyl oxazoline, isopropenyloxazoline, vinyl pyrrolidone, amino-C 8 -C 8 -alkyl- (
- modified copolymers are copolymers of C 4 -C 2 or unsaturated acid anhydrides and ethylenically unsaturated monomers with a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 9 and molar mass weight average of 5000 to 500000, which with ammonia, C 1 -C 24 - monoalkylamines, C 6 -C 8 -aromatic mono a ines, C 2 -C 8 - monoamino alcohols, monoamine poly (C 2 -C 4 alkylene) - oxides with a molecular weight of 400 to 3000, and / or mono etherten poly (C 2 -C 4 alkylene) oxides with a molecular weight of 100 to 10,000 vice-sets have been wherein the molar ratio of anhydride groups of copolymer / ammonia, amino groups, C 1 -C 24 - monoalkyl, C ö -Cig-aromatic monoamines, C 2 -C 18
- Particularly suitable as partially or completely i-diseased copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated C4-C20-dicarboxylic acid anhydrides are with C 2 -C 24 -monoalkylamines such as oleylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine or eicosylamine, monosubstituted diamines of the type N-dodecyl-1 3-diaminopropane, N-octadecyl-1, 3-diaminopropane or N-octadecylpropylenetriamine or amino alcohols such as aminodecan-10-ol or aminohexadecan-16-ol imidized maleic anhydride copolymers.
- C 2 -C 24 -monoalkylamines such as oleylamine, dodecylamine, hexadecylamine, oc
- C 7 -C 30 alcohols which may be present as further additive components in the mineral oil compositions are dodecanol, stearyl alcohol and ceryl alcohol.
- polyalkylene glycols which may be present in the mineral oil compositions as further additive components are polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers with molecular weights of 500 to 5000.
- esters of polyoxyalkylene compounds which may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil compositions, are C 1 0-C 24 - Monoalkylester- lenglycoldioleat or dialkyl ethers of polyalkylene glycols such as Polyethylenglycolmonostearylester or polypropylene.
- ethers of polyoxyalkylene compounds which may be present as further additive components in the mineral oil compositions are C 1 -C 4 - Monoalkyl ether or dialkyl ethers of polyalkylene glycols such as polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether or polypropylene glycol dibutyl ether.
- the C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids which may be present as a further additive component in the mineral oil compositions, consist of a C 2 -C 6 polyalcohol component and a C 2 -C 4 o-monocarbon acid component.
- polyalcohols which can be present as an alcohol component in the C 2 -C 5 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 2 -C 40 monocarboxylic acids as a further additive component are ethylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, glycerol, 1,1,1-tris (hydroxyr ⁇ ethyl) propane, pentaerythritol and sorbitol.
- Ci 2 _ C 4 o-monocarboxylic acids which may be present as a carboxylic acid component in the C 2 -C 6 -oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 4 0 -monocarboxylic acids as a further additive component are lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, ricinoleic acid , Eleostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid or dimer acids based on oleic acid or linolenic acid.
- C 2 -CG-oxyalkylverb Wegte C 1 2-C 40 - monocarboxylic acids also Mischester of polyalcohols, in which the polyalcohols by mixtures of C 1 2-C 40 - are esterified monocarboxylic acids.
- Specific examples of C 2 -C 6 ⁇ oxyalkyl-bridged Ci2-C 4 o-monocarboxylic acids are the monoester of ethylene glycol with dilinolenic acid, a C 36 dimeric acid, the diester of propylene glycol with oleic acid and the triester of pentaerythritol with stearic acid.
- C 2 -C 6 ⁇ oxyalkyl-bridged C 12 -C 4 o monocarboxylic acids are esters of unsaturated C 16 -C 2 4 ⁇ monocarboxylic acids with C3-C polyalcohols, the proportion of C 22 monocarboxylic acids, based on the total mass, se of the C 15 -C 24 monocarboxylic acids, is 45 to 52 mass%.
- Examples of unsaturated C 5 -C 24 monocarboxylic acids which may be contained in the preferred esters of unsaturated C16-C24 monocarboxylic acids with C 3 -C 4 polyalcohols are oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and erucic acid.
- hydrocarbon polymers which can be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil compositions are copolymers of ethylene and C 3 -C 2 oo; -01efinen such as ethylene-propylene copolymers or ethylene-dodecene copolymers or hydrogenated polymers of multi- unsaturated monomers of the type hydrogenated diene copolymers such as hydrogenated polybutadiene or hydrogenated polyisoprene with number average molecular weights up to 30,000.
- alkylphenol-aldehyde copolymers which can be present as additional additive components in the mineral oil compositions are copolymers which can be prepared by reacting alkylated phenols such as phenol-propylene-oligomer adducts with paraformaldehyde.
- aromatic compounds having C 8 -C ⁇ 0 o _ alkyl substituents which may be contained as other additive components in the mineral oil compositions are compounds represented by Friedel-Krafts- Condensation of halogenated hydrocarbons such as halogenated polyethylene wax with aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene or naphthalene can be produced.
- detergents which may be present as additional additive components in the mineral oil compositions are aliphatic sulfonic acids such as C 8 -C 3 o-alkanesulfonates or aromatic-aliphatic alkanesulfonates, in particular nonylbenzenesulfonic acid, dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, didodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and nonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid.
- aliphatic sulfonic acids such as C 8 -C 3 o-alkanesulfonates or aromatic-aliphatic alkanesulfonates
- nonylbenzenesulfonic acid dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid
- didodecylbenzenesulfonic acid didodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and nonylnaphthalenesulfonic acid.
- demulsifiers which may be contained in the mineral oil compositions as further additive components are oxalkylated phenol-formaldehyde condensates, polyalkylene glycol-modified diglycidyl ethers, polyesteramines or alkoxylated fatty acids.
- cetane improvers which can be contained in the mineral oil compositions as further additive components are organic nitric acid esters such as ethylhexyl nitrate, cyclohexyl nitrate or ethoxyethyl nitrate, or soluble organic peroxides, hydroperoxides or peresters.
- Preferred defoamers which may be present as additional additive components in the mineral oil compositions, are polyalkylene oxide-siloxane block copolymers and carboxylated polyamines.
- polyalkylene oxide-siloxane block copolymers are block copolymers which are a combination of trifunctional Containing siloxane blocks such as monomethylsiloxane groups, difunctional siloxane groups such as dimethylsiloxane groups and monofunctional siloxane groups such as trimethylsiloxane groups, a preferred length of the siloxane blocks is 5 to 20 monomer units.
- the preferred length for the polyalkylene oxide blocks is 2 to 40 monomer units; polyoxyalkylene blocks composed of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide units are preferred.
- carboxylated polyamines as defoamers are reaction products of C 8 -C 24 fatty acids and amines such as ethylenediamine, butylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and pentaethylenehexamine-1,2-diaminobutanol.
- cosolvents which may be present as additional additive components in the mineral oil compositions are gasoline fractions, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, isononanol, ethylhexanol, dodecylphenol, epoxidized rapeseed oil and epoxidized soybean oil.
- compositions of mineral oil as the main component and small proportions of an additive mixture are produced by a process in which, according to the invention, compositions of mineral oil which comprise the additive components
- ethylene-vinyl ester copolymers with a molecular weight of 3000 to 50,000 and an ethylene content of 50 to 90% by mass
- compositions of mineral oil as the main component and small proportions of an additive mixture are particularly suitable as flowable media to be transported at low temperatures and as a mineral oil fuel with high lubrication and fluidity.
- Examples of the flowable media to be transported at low temperatures are the transport of raw Oil formulations from the crude oil production facility through pipelines for loading and storage as well as the transportation of diesel or heating oil formulations in pipelines.
- Vinyl acetate content modified method according to ISO 8995, DIN 16778 part 2 2 g sample are weighed to the nearest 0.001 g and in a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask with 70 ml distilled xylene and 2 boiling beads approx. Solved for 15 min while heating the reflux condenser. Then approx. 30 ml of ethanol are slowly added through the reflux condenser, the Erlenmeyer flask is removed from the hotplate, 30 ml of ethanol, 0.5 N KOH from the burette and 2 boiling pearls are added, and the sample is refluxed for 1 h.
- V consumption in ml of 0.5 N ethanolic KOH for the sample
- B consumption in ml of 0.5 N ethanolic KOH for the blank value
- Lubricity test (corrected "wear scar dia eter” at 60 ° C) according to ISO 12156-1
- a 500 ml sample is stored in a measuring cylinder for 16 h and then the 80% by volume of the sample above is sucked off and discarded. The remaining 20 vol% of the sample (100 ml) are homogenized at 40 ° C and the cloud point (CP) is determined according to DIN EN 23 015.
- a 500 ml mineral oil sample is shaken 20 times vertically, temperature-controlled at 10 ° C. for 16 h, shaken 10 times vertically, and the entire sample is passed through a filter made of cellulose nitrate (diameter 50 mm, pore size 0.8 ⁇ m) on a suction cup with a vacuum of approx. 200 hPa is applied, filtered. The time (s) during which the sample runs through the filter is determined. The SEDAB filtration test is passed if the sample passes the filter within a period of ⁇ 120 s. example 1
- IBP 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 FBP
- Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer wax (manufacturer LEUNA Polymer GmbH, vinyl acetate content 28.3 mass%, molar mass weight average 3150 g / mol).
- the mixed glycerin ester was prepared by the melt esterification process.
- a maleic anhydride octadecene copoly er partially esterified with dodecyl alcohol is placed in the feed hopper of a Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK 30, L / D 48 twin screw extruder with side flow metering device for liquid media and two vacuum degassing zones and metering belt weigher (molar ratio 1: 2 , 2, acid number 40, molmas sen number average 2400) dosed at 3.8 kg / h and melted at 90 ° C.
- glycerine dierucic acid ester is metered into the melt at 2.0 kg / h from a storage tank heated at 90 ° C., reacted in the first reaction zone (residence time 4.5 min) at 110 ° C., degassed in the second reaction zone at 130 ° C (residence time 3.5 min), degassed, conveyed at 85 ° C by means of a melt gear pump (type extrex SP, Maag pump Systems) into a self-cleaning melt filter and shaped into pastilles for shaping in a pastillation system with cooling belt.
- a melt gear pump type extrex SP, Maag pump Systems
- the resulting glycerol mixed ester has an acid number of 8.5 and a melting range of 52 to 59 ° C. ⁇ 1.2
- the additive solution according to 1.2 is injected into a product stream of non-additized diesel batch 16080601 at 800 kg / min at 0.48 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank. Testing the cold resistance of the mineral oil formulation gives a CFPP value of -10 ° C. The lubricity test gives a wear scar diameter of 405 ⁇ m. The CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 7 ° C. The SED7AB filtration test is passed (500 ml in 84 s).
- the CFPP value is -3 ° C and the "wear scar diameter" is 520 ⁇ m.
- the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 10 ° C
- the SEDAB filtration test is considered failed (468 ml in> 120 s).
- IBP 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 FBP
- the mixed glycerin ester was produced by the melt esterification process.
- glycerol diol ester is metered from a storage tank heated at 90 ° C into the melt, reacted in the first reaction zone (residence time 4.5 min) at 115 ° C, degassed, in the second reaction zone at 130 ° C (dwell time 3.5 min) converted, degassed, at 85 ° C by means of a melt gear pump (type extrex SP, Maag pump Systems) conveyed into a self-cleaning melt filter and shaped into pastilles for shaping in a pastillation system with cooling belt.
- the resulting glycerol blend has an acid number of 4.5 and a melting range of 55 to 66 ° C.
- Dodecyl acrylate-ethyl acrylate copolymer (2: 1 molar ratio, number average molecular weight 13500)
- the additive solution according to 2.2 is injected into a product stream of non-additized Diesel Charge 030210 DGO at 800 kg / min at 0.12 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
- the CFPP value of the short-term sediment test gives a CFPP value of -11 ° C.
- the lubricity test results in a "wear scar dia eter" of 402 ⁇ m.
- the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 9 ° C.
- the SEDAB filtration test is considered passed (500 ml in 96 s). If a mineral oil formulation containing only the unsaponified copolymer wax as an additive is produced under the same conditions, the CFPP value is -5 ° C and the "wear scar diameter ' " is 528 ⁇ m.
- the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 12 ° C.
- the SEDAB filtration test is deemed failed (468 ml in> 120 s). ⁇
- IBP 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 FBP
- the mixed glycerin ester was produced by the melt esterification process.
- an ester of glycerol and an acid mixture of erucic acid / oleic acid (molar ratio 1: 1, degree of esterification 82 mol%) is metered into the melt at 2.72 kg / h from a storage tank heated at 90 ° C. first reaction zone (residence time 4.5 min) at 120 ° C, degassed, in the second reaction zone at 130 ° C (residence time 3.5 min), degassed, at 95 ° C using a melt gear pump (type extrex SP, Maag pump Systems ) conveyed into a self-cleaning melt filter and shaped into pastilles for shaping in a pastillation system with cooling belt.
- a melt gear pump type extrex SP, Maag pump Systems
- the resulting glycerol mixed ester has an acid number of 3.5 and a melting range of 55 to 64 ° C.
- the additive solution according to 3.2 is injected into a product stream of non-additized heating oil batch 030225 at 800 kg / min at 0.24 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
- the CFPP value is -12 ° C.
- IBP 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 FBP
- the mixed glycerin ester was produced by the melt esterification process.
- the resulting glycerol mixed ester has an acid number of 5.5 and a melting range of 53 to 63 ° C.
- the additive solution according to 4.2 is injected into a product stream of non-additized heating oil batch 030225 at 800 kg / min at 0.28 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
- the CFPP value is -1 ° C.
- Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer wax manufactured by manufacturer, vinyl acetate content 32% by mass, mol weight weight average 2300 g / mol).
- stirred reactor 500 1 81 1 ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ -1 7 submitted methylstyrene dimer and 20 liters of acetone and the stirred reactor at 59 ° C heated.
- a solution of 52 kg of maleic anhydride and 2.4 kg of azoisobutyronitrile in 150 l of acetone is metered uniformly into the stirred reactor within 6 hours and the reaction mixture is stirred at 70 to 73 ° C. for a further 6 hours.
- the polymer solution which is still 54 to 56 ° C warm, is then fed continuously to a two-roll vacuum dryer and separated into a powdery copolymer with a residual volatile content of around 1.1% by mass and in acetone.
- a stirred reactor 500 1 a above 160 ° C boiling 6 -C ⁇ Cs-Cg-Dieselaromatenfr submitted 8 fatty amine and hitzt to 130 ° C ER-. 135.5 kg of the copolymer are metered continuously into this solution within 4 hours.
- the internal temperature in the stirred reactor rises to 180 to 185 ° C., and water is formed, which is distilled off azeotropically with an approximately equal amount of C 8 -C diesel aromatic fraction.
- a 40% solution of the partially imidated copolymer having an acid number of 35 and a number average molecular weight was obtained of 12,800 'g / mol.
- the additive solution according to 5.2 is injected into a product stream of non-additized diesel batch 16080601 at 800 kg / min at 0.48 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
- the CFPP value is -3 ° C.
- the CP value of the short-term sediment test is + 10 ° C.
- the SEDAB filtration test is considered failed (468 ml in> 120 s).
- An analytical sample of the copolymer has an acid number of 452 mg KOH per gram of copolymer.
- NMR investigations show 1.1 ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer end groups / mol.
- the approximately 70 ° C warm polymer solution is then metered continuously in a 500 1 stirred reactor which contains 280 1 2-ethylhexanol and was heated to a temperature of 150 ° C while distilling off 2-butanone-2.
- Now 104 kg of a C 16 -C 8 fatty amine are metered in within 4 hours, the temperature being raised to 165 to 185 ° C. in order to distill off water together with a small amount of 2-ethylhexanol.
- Diesel aromatic fraction 20 kg of trieste from pentaerythritol with oleic acid as a further additive component and 1 kg of the further additive component diethylene glycol monolaurol ester, stirred for 90 min at 65 ° C., and the mixture was transferred to a storage tank.
- the additive solution according to 6.2 is injected into a product stream of non-additized Diesel Charge 030210 at 800 kg / min at 0.24 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
- the approximately 90 ° C warm polymer solution is now continuously in a 500 1 stirred reactor containing 280 1 of a C 8 -C 9 - Dieselaro atenfr neglect and 122 kg of a C ⁇ 2 - C 14 - fatty amine mixture and heated to a temperature of 160 ° C. was metered in while distilling off 1,2-dichloroethane and the water of reaction of the imidization.
- a 40% solution of the partially imidized copolymer c) is obtained in a C 8 -C 9 diesel aromatic fraction with an acid number of 25 and a molar weight average of 7000 g / mol.
- the additive solution according to 7.2 is injected into a product stream of non-additized heating oil batch 030225 at 800 kg / min at 0.24 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
- the CFPP value is -13 ° C.
- the polymer solution which is still 54 to 56 ° C warm, is now continuously fed to a two-roll vacuum dryer into a powdery copolymer with a residual volatile content of around 1.1% and separated into acetone.
- a C 8 -C 9 diesel aromatic fraction boiling above 160 ° C. in an amount of 382 kg and 135 kg of stearylamine is placed in a 500 1 stirred reactor and heated to 130 ° C. 135.5 kg of the copolymer are metered continuously into this solution within 4 hours.
- the internal temperature in the stirred reactor rises to 180 to 185 ° C., and water is formed, which is distilled off azeotropically with an approximately equal amount of C 8 -Cg diesel aromatic fraction.
- a 40% strength solution of the copolymer, which has been divided into parts with stearylamine, is obtained with an acid number of 51 and a weight-average molecular weight of 13750 g / mol. 8.1.4
- Other additive components is obtained with an acid number of 51 and a weight-average molecular weight of 13750 g / mol. 8.1.4
- the additive solution according to 8.2 is injected into a product stream of non-additized diesel batch 16080601 at 800 kg / min at 0.48 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
- the CFPP value is -3 ° C.
- Additive component d2) ⁇ Wax ester with a consistency similar to Vaseline, acid number 7.9 mg KOH / g, saponification number 113 mg KOH / g, kinematic viscosity 20.6 mm 2 / s, freezing point 34.5 ° C. Production of additive component d2)
- a mixture of 25 kg of dimer acid (dimerization product from unsaturated Ci ⁇ fatty acids, average C number 36), 5 kg of stearyl alcohol and 7 kg of cetyl alcohol are melted at 120 ° C. in a 70 1 stirred reactor while introducing inert gas and with the addition of 50 g H 2 S0 4 reacted while subtracting the water of reaction until an acid number of 7.9 mg KOH / g is reached. After the melt has cooled, the catalyst is neutralized with 0.5 1 10% NaHC0 3 , the aqueous phase is separated off, and the wax ester is stripped off. 9.1.4 Other additive components
- Ethyl acrylate-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymer (molar ratio 3: 2, molar mass number average 13500)
- Triester of pentaerythritol with oleic acid Triester of pentaerythritol with oleic acid
- the additive solution according to 10.2 is injected into a product stream of non-additized Diesel Charge 030210 at 800 kg / min at 0.30 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
- the CFPP value is -5 ° C. and the “wear scar diameter” is 528 ⁇ m.
- Oligomeric ester acid number 12 mg KOH / g, saponification number 175 mg KOH / g, kinematic viscosity (100 ° C) 65 mirfVs, solidification point 42 ° C, produced according to EP 0 934 921 AI * from glycerol monostearate and dimer acid (dimerization product from unsaturated C ⁇ 8 fatty acids, average C number 36) by solvent-free oligocondensation with acid catalysis. 11.1.4 Other additive components
- the additive solution according to 11.2 is injected into a product stream of non-additized heating oil batch 030225 at 800 kg / min at 0.28 kg / min and transferred to a storage tank.
- the CFPP value is -13 ° C.
- Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer wax (manufacturer LEUNA Polymer GmbH, vinyl acetate content 32 mass%, molar mass weight average 2300 g / mol).
- Oligomeric ester acid number 14 mg KOH / g, saponification number 185 mg KOH / g, kinematic viscosity (100 ° C) 76 mm 2 / s, solidification point 47 ° C, produced according to EP 0 934 921 AI from glycerol monostearate and dimer acid (dimerization product from unsaturated cis fatty acids, average C number 36) by solvent-free oligocondensation with acid " catalysis.
- Testing the cold resistance of the mineral oil composition gives a CFPP value of -18 ° C.
- the CFPP value is -3 ° C.
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Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2003149861 DE10349861B4 (de) | 2003-10-22 | 2003-10-22 | Additivmischung als Bestandteil von Zusammensetzungen aus Mineralöl |
DE2003149860 DE10349860B4 (de) | 2003-10-22 | 2003-10-22 | Additivmischungen als Bestandteil von Mineralölrezepturen |
DE2003149859 DE10349859B4 (de) | 2003-10-22 | 2003-10-22 | Additivmischung als Bestandteil von Mineralölzusammensetzungen |
PCT/DE2004/002316 WO2005040316A2 (de) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-10-15 | Additivmischung als bestandteil von zusammensetzungen aus mineralöl |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1675932A2 true EP1675932A2 (de) | 2006-07-05 |
EP1675932B1 EP1675932B1 (de) | 2008-12-10 |
Family
ID=34527292
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04817260A Expired - Lifetime EP1675932B1 (de) | 2003-10-22 | 2004-10-15 | Zusammensetzungen aus Mineralöl und einer Additivmischung |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20070130821A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1675932B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP5033422B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100749209B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE417088T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2542812C (de) |
DE (1) | DE502004008662D1 (de) |
EA (1) | EA011632B1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2317082T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2005040316A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2005040315A1 (de) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-05-06 | Leuna Polymer Gmbh | Additivmischung als bestandteil einer rezeptur aus mineralöl |
EP1958932A1 (de) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-20 | Cognis IP Management GmbH | Ester und deren Mischungen sowie deren Verwendung als Schmiermittel oder in Hydraulikölen |
US10113101B2 (en) * | 2014-10-27 | 2018-10-30 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Composition and method for dispersing paraffins in crude oils |
JP2023541114A (ja) | 2020-09-14 | 2023-09-28 | エコラボ ユーエスエー インコーポレイティド | プラスチック由来の合成原料のための低温流動性添加剤 |
KR20240088863A (ko) | 2021-10-14 | 2024-06-20 | 에코랍 유에스에이 인코퍼레이티드 | 플라스틱-유래 합성 공급원료를 위한 방오제 |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2922768A (en) * | 1956-04-12 | 1960-01-26 | Mino Guido | Process for polymerization of a vinylidene monomer in the presence of a ceric salt and an organic reducing agent |
US4058371A (en) * | 1976-05-25 | 1977-11-15 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Polymer combinations useful in distillate hydrocarbon oils to improve cold flow properties |
GB1593672A (en) * | 1977-10-07 | 1981-07-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Polymer combinations useful in distillate hydrocarbon oils to improve cold flow properties |
GB9411614D0 (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1994-08-03 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Fuel oil compositions |
DE4422159A1 (de) * | 1994-06-24 | 1996-01-04 | Hoechst Ag | Umsetzungsprodukte von Polyetheraminen mit Polymeren alpha,beta-ungesättigter Dicarbonsäuren |
EP1050573A3 (de) | 1994-12-13 | 2001-01-03 | Infineum USA L.P. | Brennölzusammensetzungen |
DE59708189D1 (de) * | 1997-01-07 | 2002-10-17 | Clariant Gmbh | Verbesserung der Fliessfähigkeit von Mineralölen und Mineralöldestillaten unter Verwendung von Alkylphenol-Aldehydharzen |
EP0934921B1 (de) * | 1998-02-09 | 2002-01-09 | Chemtec Leuna Gesellschaft für Chemie und Technologie mbH | Wachse auf nativer Rohstoffbasis |
DE19830240C1 (de) * | 1998-07-07 | 2000-02-17 | Chemtec Leuna Ges Fuer Chemie | Wachsester mit vaselineähnlicher Konsistenz, Verfahren und Verwendung |
US6495495B1 (en) * | 1999-08-20 | 2002-12-17 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Filterability improver |
DE10155774B4 (de) * | 2001-11-14 | 2020-07-02 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Additive für schwefelarme Mineralöldestillate, umfassend einen Ester alkoxylierten Glycerins und einen polaren stickstoffhaltigen Paraffindispergator |
DE10155747B4 (de) * | 2001-11-14 | 2008-09-11 | Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) Gmbh | Additive für schwefelarme Mineralöldestillate, umfassend einen Ester eines alkoxylierten Polyols und ein Alkylphenol-Aldehydharz |
-
2004
- 2004-10-15 US US10/576,897 patent/US20070130821A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-10-15 DE DE502004008662T patent/DE502004008662D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-15 JP JP2006535938A patent/JP5033422B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-10-15 KR KR1020067007786A patent/KR100749209B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-15 EP EP04817260A patent/EP1675932B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-15 WO PCT/DE2004/002316 patent/WO2005040316A2/de active Application Filing
- 2004-10-15 AT AT04817260T patent/ATE417088T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-15 ES ES04817260T patent/ES2317082T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-10-15 EA EA200600809A patent/EA011632B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-10-15 CA CA2542812A patent/CA2542812C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2005040316A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA200600809A1 (ru) | 2006-10-27 |
DE502004008662D1 (de) | 2009-01-22 |
CA2542812A1 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
ATE417088T1 (de) | 2008-12-15 |
CA2542812C (en) | 2010-02-16 |
KR100749209B1 (ko) | 2007-08-13 |
EA011632B1 (ru) | 2009-04-28 |
JP5033422B2 (ja) | 2012-09-26 |
WO2005040316A2 (de) | 2005-05-06 |
JP2007509212A (ja) | 2007-04-12 |
US20070130821A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
EP1675932B1 (de) | 2008-12-10 |
WO2005040316A3 (de) | 2005-06-16 |
KR20060096439A (ko) | 2006-09-11 |
ES2317082T3 (es) | 2009-04-16 |
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