EP1511906B1 - Wooden structural element and kit for erecting building walls by means of wooden structural elements - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a wooden structural element for producing planar edifices, particularly for erecting vertical load-bearing or non-load bearing building walls, comprising rectangular supporting plates (1, 2) which are aligned parallel to each other and the areas of which are equal, and rod-type elongate supports (5) which are shaped like profiled cylinders, are arranged in a hollow space (7) that is located between said plates, and are connected in a direct and fixed manner to the inner surfaces of the supporting plates along the peripheral sides thereof. Said supports are arranged at regular intervals in a row, are aligned approximately parallel to top faces of the supporting plates, and end flush with lower and upper longitudinal faces of the supporting plates. Rectangular wall plates (11, 12) having approximately equal areas are fixed to the outer sides of the supporting plates (1, 2), offset by the width of a longitudinal edge and a top edge, such that a matrix profile or a grooved profile is created between free longitudinal edges and top edges of the wall plates on one of two longitudinal faces (8) and one of two top faces (9) while an approximately reciprocal male profile or tongue profile is created at free longitudinal edges and top edges of the supporting plates. The inventive wooden structural elements can be assembled next to or on top of each other so as to form a form-fitting groove-and-tongue connection. The invention also relates to the diffusion of humidity in wooden structural elements, the locking of wooden structural elements that are assembled in edifices, the designing of wooden structural elements for erecting corners of edifices, and a kit for erecting edifices by means of wooden structural elements and accessories.

Description

The invention relates to a timber component for producing planar structures, in particular for the construction of erected building walls, with approximately the same rectangular, approximately parallel plates, which are kept separate from each other by intermediate elements including rod-like elongated supports and cover a subdivided into chambers cavity between them which supports with respect to their rod length to each other and to the side edges of the plates approximately parallel and longitudinal edges of the plates are approximately vertically aligned and spaced apart in the cavity, and provided with means for forming positive connections between abutting longitudinal sides of adjacent, intended upright superimposed wooden components with vertically aligned plate surfaces and Hochstimseiten.
Wood construction elements of the type mentioned are available on the market and have also become known, for example, from EP 0 744 507 A and WO 97 39 204 A.

The known timber construction elements can only be used for limited applications and do not meet particularly high demands on stability, thermal insulation, moisture insulation, durability against bacterial and other microbiological attacks and weather, simplicity and reliability of manufacture and handling, and design and appearance of finished structures. For example, in a building juxtaposed timber components according to the prior art can not otherwise form-fit with each other form as by means of above or below offset longitudinally arranged timber components. Lack of immediate connection to lateral joints between the timber components neither stability nor insulation are readily ensured.

With WO 02 25 029 A a component for use in skeleton constructions of building walls mainly made of wood or wood-based materials has become known. This device has three rod-like elongated supports with a substantially rectilinear Center profile of elongated support walls and with laterally adjacent edge profiles of elongated edge sides. The columns are to be aligned vertically with respect to their length of the structure and to be arranged at equal distances from each other with a certain spacing. On the known device in the industrially prefabricated state before its use in the building cross bars are provided which keep the supports in a row approximately parallel to each other and at equal distances from each other and protrude laterally beyond the row of supports so far that they equal outstanding transverse rods abutting the same adjacent components terminal supports of a component of terminal supports of the adjacent components with equal distances of the particular Rastemnaßes keep away. Such a cross bar may consist of a rectangular board, which is connected flush with each one of the edge sides of the three supports. With such components supporting frameworks can be constructed in the manner of truss, which is then filled with sealing material and boarded with boards. The serving as a cross bar on the board can form on the finished structure first, one-sided shuttering of the bearing truss formed by the supports. One of the first, one-sided shuttering opposite second formwork on the other side of the supporting framework can be attached to the building only after filling the truss with sealing material.

In the known device for use in skeleton constructions of building walls, the length of the columns and the vertical extent of the structure of the vertical edges of serving as a cross bar and formwork board is about the same. However, the supports are arranged vertically offset relative to the board on the building so that on the one hand protrude the upper ends of the supports on the upper longitudinal edge of the board and on the other hand along the lower edge of the board on the inside of a non-divided by columns remains, free edge strip remains on which the free upper ends of supports of a below adjacent same component can lean. Thus, and with additional means for grouting the abutting ends of columns of superimposed components, the cohesion of these components is achieved at least temporarily on the building. Thereafter, a further solidification of the structure by placing a board opposite the second formwork is required.

The well-known component for use in skeleton constructions of building walls is not sufficient even in duplicated application to build a fully sustainable and finally usable building wall. Rather, it requires the use of additional resources in construction procedures, which only competent personnel are responsible for can perform. Finally, the carrying capacity of the building walls made with the known components and therefore their application is very limited.

By DE 101 10 798 A1, although a wooden construction element for building erected building walls is already known, which essentially comprises two mutually parallel wall stacks of wood and transversely arranged spacers in the form of transverse webs without additional supporting function. Each of these wall stacks has sole supporting function and consists essentially of a support plate in the form of a thicker pile of boards and from a thinner wall plate in the form of a facade panel attached to the outside of the support plate. The support plates and the wall plates have approximately the same plate surfaces and the wall plates are arranged diagonally offset from the support plates such that there are two perpendicular abutting Patritzen- or spring profiles and rectangular abutting Matritzen- or groove profiles as in the wall element according to the invention. An overlap of support plates and wall panels of adjacent components should serve to seal the space between the wall stacks as completely as possible. A supporting structure of columns is not provided. Rather, the greatest possible accessibility of the space between the wall stacks is sought so that insulation material can be easily introduced by pouring or blowing. However, building walls of wood components with wall stacks of the known type without supporting scaffold withstand only very low loads.

The invention is based on the technical object to overcome the difficulties encountered in the prior art. The achievement of this object is essentially to recognize in a timber component with the features indicated in the attached claim 1.

In a timber element of the type mentioned above with supports and parallel plates according to the invention, the supports substantially rectilinear center profile and laterally adjacent edge profiles of elongated edge sides have to be directly fixedly connected at their edge sides with approximately the same rectangular, approximately parallel to each other aligned support plates between form the support plates approximately at right angles to aligned support walls with flat surfaces that divide the cavity between the support plates in chambers, have a length approximately equal to the edges of the support plates and end faces end faces that terminate flush with limited by longitudinal edges of the support plates Längsstimflächen.

According to the props should along their edge sides spring profiles, preferably dovetail profiles having approximately diametrically opposed grooves, preferably corresponding dovetail grooves engage the inner surfaces of the support plates and thus form a simple form-fitting tongue and groove connection or a double positive dovetail connection.

Although the use of spring-groove connections or dovetail connections between supports and wall elements of building walls made of wood is known from US 2,880,470 A but not according to the invention effective because the known wall elements can not be used with statically uniquely identifiable function of support plates.

According arranged according to the arranged between the same two support plates and directly connected to these, approximately parallel to each other and aligned with the edges of the support plates supports with equal distances of a certain pitch should be arranged away from each other. In addition, a first distance of a first support from the nearest vertical edges of the first support directly connected to support plates and a second distance of a last support to complement the nearest edges of the directly connected to this last support support plates to full pitch. Thus, the support plates get the function of distance-holding transverse bars in the sense of WO 02 25029.

According to the invention to be fixed to the outer sides of the support plates wall plates, the plate surfaces are approximately equal to the plate surfaces of the support plates or slightly smaller, each of two longitudinal edges limited longitudinal end surfaces and limited by two edges Hochstimflächen the wall plates approximately parallel to the longitudinal edges bounded by longitudinal edges and surfaces of High edges limited high end faces of the support plates are aligned. In addition, the wall panels are to be arranged offset to the support plates in directions of the longitudinal edges and the edges, with opposite, over longitudinal faces of the support plates protruding longitudinal edges of the wall panels and opposite, over edges and delimiting high end faces of the support plates protruding High edges of the wall panels form the flanks of two approximately perpendicular to each other to Matrizen- or groove profiles and where longitudinal edges and edges of the support plates on the one hand and by remote longitudinal edges and edges of the wall panels on the other hand limited exposed longitudinal edges and high edges of the support plates, the flanks of two approximately at right angles to each other directed Patrizen- or spring profiles approximately reverse equal to form the die or groove profiles. Thus, wood components according to the invention can be similar to the known wood components according to DE 101 10 798 A1.

A particular advantage of the timber component according to the invention with supporting columns in solid composite with load-bearing walls compared with the known prior art is considerably increased stability, durability and freedom of design finished structures despite relatively little effort.

The appended, dependent from claim 1 claims relate to inventive features particularly advantageous embodiments of the timber component according to claim 1. For example, the claim 2 dimensions, which have proven particularly useful in practice. In claim 3, the essential features of the embodiment of the timber component according to the invention are given as a corner element for the connection of corners meeting one another wall parts. The claims 4 and 5 relate to features advantageous material design of support plates and columns. The claims 6 to 10 contain the information on timber construction apparently completely new combinations of features for the purpose of generating inventively recognized as advantageous conditions concerning the vapor diffusion to building walls of timber construction elements. The use of the features according to claims 6 to 10 is particularly important in accordance with the invention timber components according to claims 1 to 5, if they would form other building walls, which would be with respect to existing and desired climatic conditions for vapors on the one hand too permeable and on the other hand impermeable. Finally, claims 11 to 15 relate to the inventive features of particularly advantageous means for connecting timber components of the type according to one of claims 1 to 10 in a building.

• Figur 1: die perspektivische Ansicht einer ersten Ausführungsart des erfindungsgemäßen Holzbauelements zur Bildung ebener Wandteile, mit dem Betrachter zugewandter innerer Wandplatte und Tragplatte, wobei die beanspruchte formschlüssige Feder-Nut-Verbindung zwischen den Stützen und den Tragplatten nicht dargestellt ist.
• Figur 2: eine verkleinerte Draufsicht auf das Holzbauelement nach Figur 1 mit dem Betrachter zugewandter innerer Wandplatte und Tragplatte;
• Figur 3: einen Teilausschnitt des Holzbauelements nach Figur 1 in Draufsicht wie in Figur 2 auf die äußeren Oberflächen der inneren Wandplatte bzw. der inneren Tragplatte;
• Figur 4: eine verkleinerte Draufsicht auf das Holzbauelement nach Figur 1 mit dem Betrachter zugewandter äußerer Wandplatte und Tragplatte;
• Figur 5: einen verkleinerten Querschnitt durch das Holzbauelement nach Figur 1 mit Draufsicht auf die inneren Oberflächen der äußeren Tragplatte bzw. Wandplatte;
• Figur 6: einen Teilausschnitt des Holzbauelements nach Figur 1 mit Draufsicht wie in Figur 4 auf die äußeren Oberflächen der äußeren Wandplatte bzw. der äußeren Tragplatte;
• Figur 7: eine Draufsicht auf die obere Längsstimseite eines erfindungsgemäßen Holzbauelements der Art nach Figur 1 zur Bildung ebener Wandteile, mit dem Betrachter zugewandten oberen Längsstimflächen der Tragplatten und Wandplatten und mit dem Betrachter zugewandten oberen Endstirnflächen der Stützen;
• Figur 8: eine Draufsicht auf eine obere Längsstirnseite einer zweiten Ausführungsart des erfindungsgemäßen Holzbauelements zur Verbindung von in Ecken aufeinander treffenden Wandteilen, mit dem Betrachter zugewandten oberen Längsstimflächen von Stützplatten und Wandplatten und mit dem Betrachter zugewandten oberen Endstirnflächen von Stützen;
• Figuren 9 und 10: je eine Draufsicht auf einen Ausschnitt der Längsstimseite eines erfindungsgemäßen Holzbauelements mit dem Betrachter zugewandten oberen Längsstimflächen der Stützplatten und Wandplatten und mit einer dem Betrachter zugewandten oberen Stimfläche einer Stütze, deren Randseiten in unterschiedlichen erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsarten mit den benachbarten Stützplatten verbunden bzw. verfugt sind.
• Figur 11: einen Querschnitt durch ein Bauwerk zusammengesetzt aus einem erfindungsgemäßen Bausatz mit Holzbauelementen der Art nach Figuren 1 bis 10, mit Strangfundamenten an unteren Längsstimseiten der aufrecht gestellten Holzbauelemente zum Übertragen einer Wandlast auf festen Grund und mit Stranggesimsen an oberen Längsstirnseiten der Holzbauelemente zum Abdecken und zum Übertragen von Lasten weiterer Aufbauten auf die Holzbauelemente;
• Figur 12: einen Querschnitt von Ausschnitten aus zwei voneinander abgehobenen, übereinander aufrecht gestellt aufzubauenden Holzbauelementen mit einander gegenüber liegenden, erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Längsstirnflächen ihrer Tragplatten und Wandplatten und mit zwischen diesen Längsstimflächen erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen gummielastischen Dichtungssträngen;
• Figur 13: eine durch Ausschnitt begrenzte Draufsicht auf die mit Schwalbenschwanzprofilen versehenen Oberflächen von ersten bzw. letzten aneinander stoßenden Stützen zweier übereinander angeordneter Holzbauelemente und auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Riegel, der in die Schwalbenschwanznuten eingeschoben die Holzbauelemente miteinander verbindet;
• Figur 14: einen Querschnitt C-C durch die Holzbauelemente und den Riegel nach Figur 13;
• Figur 15: eine durch Abschnitt begrenzte Draufsicht auf das eine Ende des Riegels nach den Figuren 13 und 14 in vergrößertem Maßstab;
• Figur 16: einen Querschnitt A-A durch den Riegel nach Figur 15;
• Figur 17: eine Draufsicht auf eine rechteckige Unterlegscheibe, die in eine rechteckige Nut mit quer verlaufenden Schubkanten am einen Ende des Riegels nach den Figuren 15 und 16 eingelegt zu werden bestimmt ist;
• Figur 18: einen Querschnitt B-B durch die Unterlegscheibe nach Figur 17;
• Figur 19: eine Seitenansicht auf einen erfindungsgemäß ausgestalteten Befestigungsfuß bestehend in einem Riegel der Art nach den Figuren 13 bis 16 und in einem am unteren Ende des Riegels befestigten Winkelstück mit Bodenplatte zum Befestigen auf einer Bodenschwelle und mit Stützplatte zum Befestigen an der Stützwand von Stützen des erfindungsgemäßen Holzbauelements, und
• Figur 20: eine Draufsicht auf den Befestigungsfuß nach Figur 19.

In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments with the aid of schematic representations in the attached drawings. In the drawings:

• Figure 1: the perspective view of a first embodiment of the timber component according to the invention for the formation of planar wall parts, with the viewer facing inner wall plate and support plate, wherein the claimed positive-tongue and groove connection between the supports and the support plates is not shown.
• Figure 2 is a reduced plan view of the timber component of Figure 1 with the viewer facing inner wall plate and support plate;
• Figure 3 is a partial section of the timber component of Figure 1 in plan view as in Figure 2 on the outer surfaces of the inner wall panel or the inner support plate.
• Figure 4 is a reduced plan view of the timber component of Figure 1 with the viewer facing outer wall plate and support plate.
• FIG. 5 shows a reduced cross-section through the timber component according to FIG. 1 with a plan view of the inner surfaces of the outer support plate or wall plate;
• Figure 6 is a partial section of the timber component of Figure 1 with a plan view as in Figure 4 on the outer surfaces of the outer wall plate or the outer support plate.
• Figure 7 is a plan view of the upper Längsstimseite a timber component according to the invention of the type of Figure 1 for the formation of planar wall parts, facing the viewer upper Längsstimflächen the support plates and wall plates and facing the viewer upper end faces of the supports;
• Figure 8 is a plan view of an upper longitudinal end side of a second embodiment of the timber component according to the invention for connecting wall portions meeting in corners, with the viewer facing upper Längsstimflächen of support plates and wall plates and facing the viewer upper end faces of columns;
• FIGS. 9 and 10 are each a plan view of a section of the longitudinal side of a wood component according to the invention with upper longitudinal surfaces of the support plates and wall panels facing the viewer and with an upper end surface of a support facing the viewer whose edge sides are connected to the adjacent support plates in different embodiments according to the invention. are grouted.
• Figure 11: a cross section through a building composed of a kit according to the invention with wood components of the type according to Figures 1 to 10, with strand foundations on lower longitudinal side faces of the upright wooden components for transmitting a wall load on a solid ground and with extruded cornices on upper longitudinal end faces of the timber components for covering and for transferring loads of further structures to the timber components;
• FIG. 12 shows a cross-section of cutouts of two timber components erected one above the other upright, with longitudinal end faces of their support plates and wall panels facing one another and with rubber-elastic sealing strands provided according to the invention between these longitudinal stop faces;
• FIG. 13 shows a plan view, limited by a cutout, of the surfaces provided with dovetail profiles of first and last abutting supports of two superimposed timber components and on a latch according to the invention, which connects the timber components to one another in the dovetail grooves;
• FIG. 14 shows a cross section CC through the timber components and the latch according to FIG. 13;
• Figure 15 is a sectioned plan view of the one end of the bolt of Figures 13 and 14 on an enlarged scale;
• FIG. 16 shows a cross section AA through the latch according to FIG. 15;
• Figure 17 is a plan view of a rectangular washer intended to be inserted into a rectangular groove with transverse thrust edges at one end of the latch of Figures 15 and 16;
• FIG. 18 shows a cross section BB through the washer according to FIG. 17;
• Figure 19 is a side view of an inventively designed mounting foot consisting in a latch of the type according to Figures 13 to 16 and in an attached to the lower end of the bolt elbow with base plate for mounting on a threshold and with support plate for fixing to the support wall of columns of the timber component according to the invention, and
• FIG. 20: a plan view of the mounting foot according to FIG. 19.

The wooden construction element according to FIGS. 1 to 6 has a rectangular inner support plate 1 and an approximately coextensive outer support plate 2. Four identical, rod-like elongated profile cylindrical shaped supports 5 have a profile with approximately rectangular cross-section and have flat, elongated rectangular edge sides, which are firmly connected to the abutting support plates 1, 2. It comes a spring and groove connection or a dovetail connection between supports and support plates are used. The details of such a connection can be seen in FIGS. 7 to 10.

The four supports 5 of the timber component according to Figures 1 to 6 are arranged in a row in the direction along the support plates 1, 2 with equal distances of a certain pitch from each other. They extend approximately perpendicular to Längsstimflächen 3 between longitudinal edges 3 of the support plates 1, 2 and approximately parallel to lateral high end faces 4 between the vertical edges 4 of the support plates 1, 2 and have at their ends in each case a Endstimfläche 6. The length of the support plates between their lateral edges or Hochstimflächen 4 is four times the said grid and the two outer columns in the said series are each removed by half a grid from the edges or Hochstimflächen. The supports 5 have a length approximately equal to the width or height of the support plates. Their end faces 6 are flush with the adjacent longitudinal end faces 3 of the support plates.

The supports are arranged at equal intervals of a certain grid distance from each other. In practice, a grid size of the size between 150 mm and 350 mm, preferably a pitch of 250 mm has proven particularly useful. The first and the last support in the row of the support plates 1, 2 arranged between the supports 5 have distances from the nearest lateral edges 4 of the support plates, which complement each other to full pitch. Under these circumstances, vertical loads are uniformly absorbed by the vertically oriented support plates 1, 2 and supports 5 and derived on foundations when wood components according to the invention of Figure 1, properly upright and above each other in a building are connected together and if so superposed columns vertically aligned with each other and lower on upper end faces 6 abut.

Elongated rectangular surfaces of the supports 5 and the inner surfaces of the support plates 1, 2 divide the cavity between the support plates in elongated cuboid chambers 7 and laterally in two Halbkammem, which together with the same Hatbkarnmern laterally adjacent timber construction elements in a composite complete chambers equal to the Chambers 7 are determined to form. The chambers 7 in a structure of superimposed components as well as the supports abut each other vertically aligned and are easily accessible from above. They can be filled with heat-insulating material, in particular in the form of foams, fibers, flakes, chips, granules or the like, preferably with rockwool. Cloth, foil or other sheet material may be used to seal the filled chambers.

Mainly the mutually aligned end faces 6 of the supports 5 and aligned with these end faces longitudinal end faces 3 of the support plates 1, 2 form a total of two Längsstimseiten 8a, 8b of the timber component. And mainly the vertically aligned, aligned high end faces 4 of the support plates 1, 2 form a total of two Hochstimseiten 9a, 9b of the timber component. An upright Holzbaulement viewed from an interior as shown in Figure 1 thus has an upper Längsstimseite 8a, a lower Längsstimseite 8b, a right Hochstirnseite 9a and a left Hochstimseite 9b. In the assembly of a building, the right high side 9a of a timber component and the left high side 9b of another wood component subsequently arranged in the same row meet as intended. Likewise, the upper longitudinal side 8a of a lower timber component abut on the lower longitudinal side 8b of a subsequently arranged in an upper row wooden construction element. The timber construction elements according to the invention can be arranged one above the other with aligned high-end faces 9a, 9b or offset in the longitudinal direction relative to one another when the lengths of the support plates 1, 2 and the distances between the supports 5 have uniform locking dimensions.

On the outer surface of the inner support plate 1, an inner wall plate 11 and on the outer surface of the outer support plate 2, an outer wall plate 12 is attached. The surfaces of the wall panels are approximately equal to or slightly smaller in outer dimensions than the surfaces of the support panels. Of the outer wall plate 12 can be seen in Figure 1 only one over a longitudinal edge of the outer support plate 2 protruding longitudinal edge 12a and only one beyond a high edge of the outer support plate 2 protruding high edge 12b. The wall plate 11 has an approximately same protruding longitudinal edge 11a or an approximately same protruding high edge 11b on. On the other hand, viewed in the illustration of Figure 1 from an interior, the inner wall plate 11 covers the inner support plate 1 except for a free longitudinal edge 1a and a free high edge 1 b. An approximately same free permanent longitudinal edge or an approximately same free permanent high edge are located on the not visible in Figure 1 outer surface of the outer support plate 11. The wall plates 11, 12 are thus offset in the two directions of longitudinal edges and edges on the support plates. 1 , 2 arranged. The free longitudinal edges and high edges on the support plates are thus about the same width as, or slightly wider than the longitudinal edges or edges of the same support plates protruding longitudinal edges or high edges of the wall panels. The longitudinal edges and high edges of the support plates protruding longitudinal edges and high edges of the wall panels form the lateral edges of two approximately at right angles to each other directed groove profiles fit into the spring profiles formed by the free longitudinal edges or high edges of the support plates flanks. Wooden components with the same tongue and groove profiles can therefore be placed side by side and, when placed upright, one above the other.

The bearing parts made of natural wood or processed wood material should be arranged according to the invention as possible with standing Holzfasem such that, for example, the Holzfasem are aligned in the support plates approximately parallel to their edges and in the supports of Endstimfläche Endstimfläche. As support plates are advantageous Rauhspundbretter with standing fibers, as supports advantageous standing timber used.

According to the invention, the wall panels 11, 12 are not intended primarily for receiving vertical loads but for protection against influences normal to their surfaces and / or otherwise for active or passive environmental design. According to their aesthetic and technical purpose accordingly, the wall panels may be designed differently from the support panels in terms of material and structure. If the wall panels are slightly smaller than the support plates, joints between Längsstimflächen and Hochstimflächen of wall panels on top of each other and juxtaposed timber components arise in the composite of a building. Such joints can according to the invention for venting cavities between the support plate and attached wall plate as shown for example in Figure 13 and / or for receiving rubber-elastic sealing strands as shown for example in Figure 12 and / or serve for receiving plastic sealing material or installation or decorative material.

The wall panels defining an inner side and an outer side of the timber component with their outer surfaces may also be different according to the invention in terms of material, structure, quality and appearance. The intended purpose in the composite of a building an interior facing wall plate may have the outer surface of a viewing wall, for example, meets the requirements of the industry You can also for attachment of domestic installations and of a example with Kontertattung arranged wall of plaster and cardboard in the composite or the like Wall material be particularly suitable and made of a material that affects the climate of an interior advantageous. The intended in the composite of a building an outdoor space or the environment facing wall plate can be inventively designed so that it protects against harmful weather conditions such as sun, rain and snow and wind itself and serves as an outer wall or for attaching an additional protective layer, for example, for fixing lime plaster or shingles or the like.

For the sake of further explanation, it is assumed that a wall composed of wood components according to the invention is intended to separate an interior space from an exterior space, that the interior encloses sources of humidity such as humans and animals breathing and that the outdoor space tends to dissipate moisture despite adverse weather conditions. Such conditions usually exist on the outer walls of buildings for living and works. According to the invention, a wood component intended for the formation of such walls, the inside of which is used unequal to its outside, is diffusion-tight on its inside rather than on its outside, that is, a vapor barrier exists in the composite of inner support plate 1 and inner wall plate 11 which prevents diffusion protects moisture from the interior of a building in the divided into chambers 7 cavity of the timber component and that in the composite of outer support plate 2 and outer wall plate 12, the diffusion of moisture from said cavity is promoted in an outdoor space or in the environment. Thus, according to the invention prevents moisture accumulates in cavities 7 between the support plates and wall panels of the timber component and in the Isolationsmateriatien therein, which could lead to microbiological or chemical degradation of the timber component or harmful changes in shape by swelling of the hygroscopic wood material.

In the composite of inner support plate 1 and inner wall plate 11 of Figure 1 of the drawings, an effective vapor barrier in a diffusion-proof glue layer exist that connects the two plates together. The composite of outer support plate 2 with outer wall plate 12 of Figure 1 contains no special diffusion barrier layer but according to the invention for gas and vapor permeable components. In an embodiment according to Figure 3 of the drawings, the vapor barrier layer between inner support plate 1 and inner wall plate 11 is not only in a diffusion-tight glue layer 15 but additionally in a vapor barrier plate or foil 16, preferably in English as "Oriented Strand Board" or abbreviated OSB Plate is called rigid plate.

As can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, the outer support plate 2 has slits 17 which are aligned with their longitudinal edges 3 and parallel to their edges 4, preferably in the form of two saw cuts in the region of each chamber 7. These slots do not affect the required stability of the support plate if and as far as they do not cross cut across wood fibers of the plate. On the other hand, they are permeable to gases and vapors and serve to vent the chambers 7 and the insulating material located therein. As shown in Figures 4 and 6, the outer wall plate 12 connected to the outer support plate in the area above the slots on a cavity which is shown in Figures 4 and 6 as a rectangular opening 18 but also as shown in Figure 13 to be covered and a hidden, permeable to gases and vapors connection to the outside may have. As shown in Figure 6, there is a weatherproof covering of the slots 17 in the region of the opening 18 in a directed partially permeable Dämmschutzschicht 19 preferably in the form of a layer material or vapor release material, which is impermeable on the one hand impermeable to water but on the other hand permeable to vapor and tear. Such Dämmschutzschichten are known in the construction industry. They consist for example of specially coated, tear-resistant polyester fleece and are available under the trade names "Diffutec" or "Deltafol" on the market. The Dämmschutzschicht is attached at least along its edge to the outer surface of the outer support plate by gluing and / or pressing by means of the overlying wall plate and / or by means of nails, Klammem or the like.

Figure 7 of the drawings shows a wooden construction element of the type according to Figures 1 to 6 with support plates 21 and 22 and with supports 25. The supports have at their edges dovetail profiles, the support plates correspondingly shaped dovetail grooves, in which the dovetail profiles of the supports are inserted. So there is a multiple positive connection between columns and support plates. Incidentally, the same parts are shown in Figure 7 as in Figures 1 to 6 with the same reference numerals.

The wood construction element according to the invention according to FIG. 8 is intended for joining wall parts which meet one another in corners and consists essentially of two limbs of different length, which meet at right angles in a corner. A longer leg 30 has a series of three supports 35, an inner support plate 31, an outer support plate 32, an inner wall plate 33 and an outer wall plate 34, which are basically connected to each other as well as the supports, support plates and wall panels of the timber component of FIG 7. A shorter leg 40 consists mainly in a support 45, an inner support plate 41, an outer support plate 42, an inner wall plate 43 and an outer wall plate 44, the connection of which also corresponds to the connection of corresponding plates and supports of Figure 7. The row of the three pillars 35 is oriented approximately perpendicular to the support and wall plates of the shorter leg 40 or perpendicular to a virtual series of pillars 45 of the shorter leg 40, which virtual row with more than one pillar in the direction perpendicular to the transverse extension of the pillar 45 can be realized from edge to edge profile. The inner support plate 31 and inner wall plate 33 of the longer leg 30 terminate immediately adjacent to a last post 35 in the longer leg row on the outer surface of the inner wall plate 43 of the shorter leg 40. The outer support plate 32 and outer wall plate 34 of the longer one Legs 30 extend beyond a high side of the shorter leg 40 to an outer corner 48 where they meet the outer support plate 42 and the outer wall plate 44 of the shorter leg 40, respectively. The inner support plate 41 and the inner wall plate 43 of the outer leg 40 terminate on the inner surface of the outer support plate 32 immediately adjacent to the last support 35 of the longer leg 30 in the row.

8, the longer leg 30 has an open end 39 with protruding high edges of the wall panels 33, 34 and the shorter legs 40 an open end 49 with free high edges of the support plates 41, 42. At these open ends corresponding timber components of the type shown in Figure 7 can be inserted. A complete kit for the construction of buildings with multiple corners, however, according to the invention contains even more wood components for the formation of corners, their longer legs at their open ends as the shorter leg 40 of Figure 8 and their shorter legs at their open ends as the longer leg after Figure 8 are formed. According to the invention, a complete kit can also contain wooden components for forming corners, the legs of which each have a row of supports extended or shortened by one or two supports and a corresponding one Have increased or decreased length, and make it possible to arrange stacked wooden components offset from each other.

Figures 9 and 10 show in particular details of two embodiments of the support plates, columns and wall panels of wood components according to the invention. As shown in FIG. 9, a support 55 of the type shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 with dovetail profiles is inserted on its edge sides into a dovetail groove 56 of a support plate which according to the invention consists of a base plate 51 and plate parts 52 stacked above it. In each case, two plate parts 52 form the mutually opposite side flanks of the dovetail groove 56. FIG. 9 also shows an insulating protective layer 57 and a wall plate 58. The wall plate has an inner cavity 59 which conceals slots 54 in the support plate 51, 52 and is hidden from the environment in a compound permeable to gases and vapors. In at least one of the end faces of the support 55 is a depression, preferably a semi-circular cross-section milled recess 53 for receiving in wall structures approximately horizontally extending supply lines for water, gas, electricity and the like.

The embodiment of the wood construction element according to the invention according to FIG. 10 has a support 65 with rectangular edge profiles, which are stuck in the same way in grooves of the type of a groove 66. The groove 66 is formed between side edges of plate members 62, which are layered together with a base plate 61 to a multi-part support plate. A schematically illustrated nail 64 indicates that the support 65 may be secured to the support plate 61, 62 by a row of such nails extending perpendicular to the plane of the page. In addition to attachment with nails or Klammem the support 65 may still be glued to the support plate 61, 62. According to the invention, a vapor barrier layer 67 and a wall plate 68 should cover the nail heads.

An inventive kit for the construction of structures has string-like foundations, preferably threshold timbers, and string-shaped cornices, preferably Simshölzer on. The threshold timber or Sims woods may be made of glulam, for example. Figure 11 of the drawings shows the cross-section of a threshold timber 71 and a sycamore 72 in schematic connection with the support plates 1 and 2 and with the wall plates 11 and 12 of a timber component according to Figures 1 to 6. The threshold wood 71 rests on a mortar bed or strip foundation 70 firm ground and has the profile of a male or spring, which engages in the groove on the lower longitudinal end face of a timber component and the support plates 1, 2 at whose lower Längsstimflächen supported. Conversely, the timber has the profile of a die or groove, which is slipped over exposed longitudinal edges of the support plates 1, 2 at the upper longitudinal end side of the timber component. With threshold timber and timber, mainly vertical forces and opposing forces are introduced into the wooden construction elements. They also serve, to a limited extent, to absorb shear forces and localize the timber components. A milled recess 73 at the upper edge of support walls serves to receive horizontally extending supply lines.

According to the illustration according to FIG. 12, a longitudinal stop surface 81 of support plates of a lower timber component is intended to abut a respective longitudinal longitudinal surface 82 of support plates of an upper timber component in the assembly of an upright structure. Longitudinal end faces 83 and 84 of wall plates of the lower and / or upper timber component fastened on the support plates are likewise intended to lie opposite one another. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a sealing groove, preferably in the form of a round groove 86, into which a preferably round, rubber-elastic sealing strip 85 is inserted, is located in the longitudinal stop face 81. The opposite Längsstimfläche 82 according to the invention has a flatter sealing groove with a larger overall cross-section, preferably a circular segment-shaped sealing groove 87, in which a protruding from the circular groove 86 part of the sealing strip 85 takes place when it is squeezed in the abutment of Längsstimflächen 81 and 82. Between the longitudinal end faces 83 and 84 of the wall panels of the lower and upper timber component, a rubber-elastic sealing strip may be preferably inserted a flat sealing strip 89 which fills a gap between the Längsstimftächen the wall panels. The round groove 86 and the sealing groove 87 as well as the sealing strip 85 and the Didtunsband 89 may be continued on a respective Hochstimfläche the support plate or wall plate and there serve to seal edgewise butt joints between juxtaposed timber components.

As shown in Figures 13 and 14, a latch 90 connects an upper support wall 91 of the uprights of an upper timber member to a lower support wall 92 of the pillars of a lower timber member on which the upper timber member is mounted. The support walls abut against each other at the butt joint 93. In a finished structure, the thrust walls of the two supports of the timber components adjacent to the high-step surfaces 4, 14 are mainly interconnected by bolts. The bars are located on the Hochstimflächen facing outer surfaces of the supporting walls, which are accessible to tools. .

In the support walls of at least two of the two high end faces 4, 14 adjacent first and last support are located approximately centrally between the edge sides of the supports each at least two arranged in series screw holes preferably in the form of holes with threaded sleeves for machine screws. 14 shows an upper screw hole 94 with inserted threaded sleeve 95 in the upper support wall 91 and a lower screw hole 97 with inserted threaded sleeve 98 in the lower support wall 92. The threaded sleeves each end in perforated plates 96 and 99, each on an inner surface the support walls 91 and 92 are nailed to the back of the bolt 90.

In the threaded sleeves 95 and 98 engage machine screws 101 and 102, respectively. The corresponding screw heads with hexagon socket for hexagon wrench can be seen in FIG. The shanks of the screws penetrate through bolt openings 103 and 104 in the bolt 90. The upper bolt opening is preferably in a bore 103, the lower bolt opening in a slot 104 which is open to the lower bolt end such that the bolt from above under the screw head 102 can be pushed. Between the screw head of the lower screw 102 and the bolt is still a rectangular washer 105 with disc hole 106. The washer is on the latch on either side of the slot 104th

In FIGS. 15 to 18, the lower end of the bolt 90 and the washer 105 are shown on an enlarged scale. In the region of the closed end of the slot 104, the bar has on its surface a milled-in groove 107 of shallow depth up to about 3 mm. In this Quemut fits the rectangular washer 105, the disc hole 106 should be disposed above the slot 104 such that the shaft of the screw 102 can be inserted through and screwed into the threaded sleeve 98. The transverse groove 107 forms at the end facing the bolt end a collision edge 108 which is a thrust edge of the washer 105 As long as the screw 102 is only partially screwed into the threaded sleeve 98 and enough space between the screw head and the outer surface of the support wall 92 remains, the Latch be inserted from above between the washer on the one hand and the outer surface of the support wall. However, as soon as the screw 102 is further screwed into the threaded sleeve and the screw head of the screw presses the washer firmly into the groove 107, the washer locks the bolt 90 positively against any tensile force towards the upper end of the bolt. The washer thus acts together with the transverse groove as a locking disc.

As shown in Figure 16, the latch 90 has the same dovetail profile throughout its length. He is as shown in Figures 13 and 14 in depressions with equivalent effective cross-sectional profile, namely inserted into dovetail grooves 111 and 112 on the outer surfaces of the upper support wall 91 and the lower support wall 92 and so locks the adjacent timber elements against shear forces, the could otherwise lead to dislocations in the direction of the Längsstimseiten. The introduction of the bolt into the dovetail grooves 111 and 112 open to the end faces 6 is facilitated by tapering at least one of the lower ends of the bolt 90 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, in which the slot 104 is located. A taper in the thickness of the locking end is shown in Figure 14, a taper of the lateral dimensions in Figure 15 can be seen.

The fastening foot 120 shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 serves for anchoring wooden components of the bottom row of a wall structure in the ground. The mounting foot is substantially in the form of an elbow 121 having a bottom plate 122 for mounting on a floor sill 126 by means of bolts or ground dowels and a support plate 123 for attachment to the support wall of supports 5. The support plate 123 can basically be attached directly to a support wall by screws. In the embodiment according to FIGS. 19 and 20, according to the invention, a connecting piece 125 in the form of a bar with a dovetail-shaped cross section is fastened by riveting, screwing or welding. This connecting piece can be inserted into one of the dovetail grooves 111 and 112 provided in the outer surface of retaining walls 91 and 92, respectively, for receiving bolts, and there in the manner shown in FIGS. 13 to 18 as a bolt with the corresponding one Support wall to be bolted. In the bottom plate 122 are screw holes in the form of holes 124 for receiving wood screws or ground dowels that connect to the ground, in particular sleepers 126 produce. The thresholds may take the form of threshold beams 71 on which the bottom plate is to be secured by wood screws.

Claims (15)

1. A wooden structural element for the construction of two-dimensional structures, in particular for the construction of upright building walls, having two rectangular plates (1, 2, 11, 12; 21, 22; 31-34; 41-44; 51, 52, 58; 61, 62; 58, 68) of approximately equal surface area oriented approximately parallel to one another that are held apart from one another by intermediate elements that span an empty space between the two plates, said intermediate elements having post-like longitudinal supports (5, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 91, 92) that are approximately parallel to one another with regard to their post length and parallel to the side horizontal edges (4) of the plates and approximately perpendicular to the vertical edges (3) of the plates and that are arranged at a distance from one another in the empty space, and having the means to form positive plug connections between adjoining longitudinal faces (8a, 8b) of neighboring wooden structural elements that are conventionally arranged one vertically above the other with vertically oriented plate surfaces and top faces (9a, 9b),

   - with the supports (5, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 91, 92) with an essentially linear centre profile and laterally adjoining edge profiles of longitudinal edges being directly connected in a fixed manner on their edges to base plates (1, 2; 21, 22; 31, 32; 41, 42; 51, 52; 61, 62) that are arranged approximately parallel to one another, said supports forming support walls with flat surfaces that are arranged approximately perpendicular to the base plates, dividing the empty space between the base plates into chambers (7) having a length approximately equal to that of the horizontal edges (4) of the base plates and having end faces (6) on their ends, and

   - with the supports (5; 25; 35) arranged between the same two base plates (1, 2; 21, 22; 31, 32; 41, 42) and directly connected thereto, which are approximately parallel to one another and to the horizontal edges (4) of the base plates, being arranged with the same spacing of a particular distance from one another, with a first distance of a first support (5; 25; 35) from the nearest horizontal edge (4) of the base plate (1, 2; 31, 32) directly connected to this support and a second distance between a last support (5; 45) and the nearest horizontal edge of the base plate (1, 2; 21, 22; 41, 42) directly connected to this last support expanding to the full spacing,

   characterized in that
   the end faces (6) terminate in a flush manner with vertical faces (3) limited by the vertical edges (3) of the base plates,

   - with wall plates (11, 12; 33, 34, 43, 44) being attached to the outer sides of the base plates, said wall plates having plate surfaces that are approximately equal to or slightly smaller than the plate surfaces of the base plates, with the two vertical faces (13) of the wall plates, each of which are defined by two vertical edges (13), and the two horizontal faces of the wall plates (14), each of which are defined by two horizontal edges (14), being approximately parallel to the two vertical faces (3) of the base plates, each of which are defined by two vertical edges (3), and the two horizontal faces of the base plates (4), each of which are defined by two horizontal edges (4), respectively,

   - with the wall plates being arranged offset to the base plates in the direction of the vertical edges (3, 13) and the horizontal edges (4, 14), with the opposing vertical edges (11a, 12a) of the wall plates extending past the vertical faces (3) of the base plates and opposing horizontal edges (11b, 12b) of the wall plates extending past the horizontal edges of the base plates and the horizontal faces (4) limited thereby form the sides of two mold or groove profiles, with open vertical edges (1a) and horizontal edges (1 b) of the base plates being formed by the vertical and horizontal edges of the base plate on the one side and the vertical and horizontal edges of the wall plate on the other side forming the sides of two male or spring profiles at a right angle to one another forming approximately the exact reverse of the mold or groove profiles, and

   - with the supports (55) having spring profiles, preferably dovetail profiles, along their edge sides that engage in approximately diametrically opposed grooves, preferably corresponding dovetail grooves (56), on the interior surfaces of the base plates (21, 22; 31, 32; 41, 42) and, in so doing, form a simple spring-groove connection or a dual positive dovetail connection.
2. The wooden structural element as recited in Claim 1 for the construction of flat wall components, characterized in that it has two base plates arranged approximately parallel to one another that are held apart from one another by preferably four supports (5; 25; 35) separated from another at the same distances of a certain spacing and arranged flush in a row and in that the spacing is between 150 mm and 350 mm, preferably approximately 250 mm.
3. The wooden structural element as recited in Claim 1 for connecting wall components meeting at corners, characterized

   - in that it has two exterior base plates (32, 42) arranged at a right angle to one another and two interior base plates (31, 41) arranged at a right angle to one another and supports (35, 45), each of which hold one of the exterior and one of the interior base plates approximately parallel to one another on both sides of an empty space located therebetween, and in that exterior and interior wall plates (34, 44; 33, 43) are attached on the exterior surfaces of the two exterior base plates (32, 42) and on the exterior surfaces of the two interior base plates (31, 41) at a corresponding right angle to one another,

   - in that one of the two horizontal edges of the two exterior base plates (32, 42) and the wall plates (34, 44) attached thereto meet at an exterior corner and in that each of the respective other horizontal edges of the two exterior base plates form open horizontal edges (39, 49) for connecting wooden structural elements adjacent to the side along with one opposing horizontal edge each of the parallel interior base plate,

   - in that one of the horizontal faces of the interior base plate (41), and preferably the interior wall plate (43) attached thereto as well, is adjacent to the interior surface of the exterior base plate (32) that is normally aligned therewith and in that one of the two horizontal faces of the other exterior base plate (31), and preferably the wall plate (33) attached to this other exterior base plate as well, is arranged next to and parallel to the exterior surface of the one interior base plate (41), preferably adjoins with the wall plate (43) that is attached to the exterior surface mentioned above and there forms an interior corner,

   - in that, on the two horizontal faces (39, 49) of the wooden structural element, the other of the two horizontal faces of each wall plate is arranged offset to corresponding horizontal faces of the base plates in order to form a mold or groove profile on the one horizontal face (39) and a male or spring profile on the other horizontal face (49),

   - in that the one interior base plate (31) and the one exterior base plate (32) are held apart from one another by preferably three supports (35) arranged flush in a row and in that the other interior base plate (41) is held apart from the other exterior base plate (42) by at least one support (45), and

   - in that a first distance of a first support (35) between the one interior and one exterior base plates (31, 32) from the nearest horizontal edge of this one base plate to its open horizontal face (39) and a second distance of a last support (45) between the other interior and exterior base plates (41, 42) from the nearest horizontal edge of this other base plate to its open horizontal face (49) increase to the complete spacing.
4. The wooden structural element as recited in one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base plates are composed of at least two plate layers (51, 52; 61, 62), of which the interior plate layer (52; 62) is comprised in the plate parts located between the edge sides of the supports that form the sides of dovetail grooves (56) or rectangular or wedge-shaped grooves (66).
5. The wooden structural element as recited in one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least the base plates and/or the supports are made from one-piece lumbers or pieces of wood by gluing and cut-outs, for example, from heartwood, Atlantic pine plates, glulam, or the like, in that the base plates preferably are composed essentially of standing woods, and in that the wood fibers, at least in the base plates, are oriented from vertical edge to vertical edge approximately parallel to the horizontal edges of the base plates and/or are oriented in the supports from the end face on one end to the end face on the other end of the supports.
6. The wooden structural element as recited in one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, in order to separate an interior space from an exterior space, with the interior base plate (1) and interior wall plate (11) facing the interior space and with the exterior base plate (2) and exterior wall plate (12) facing the exterior space, the interior base plate (1) in connection with the interior wall plate (11) is constructed in a more insulated fashion than the exterior base plate (2) in connection with the exterior wall plate (12).
7. The wooden structural element as recited in Claim 6 for separating an interior space from an exterior space, with the interior side facing the interior space and the exterior side facing the exterior space, characterized in that it has a special anti-diffusion layer or moisture barrier against the diffusion of moisture, for example, a moisture barrier plate or film (16) and/or a diffusion-tight adhesive or glue layer (15) acting as a moisture barrier between the base plate and wall plate.
8. The wooden structural element as recited in Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, on its exterior side, the exterior base plate (2) has openings, preferably slots (17) that are oriented normal to the vertical edges (2) and parallel to the horizontal edges (4) and in that an exterior wall plate (12) attached to the exterior base plate has recesses (18) that are permeable to gas and steam in the region over the openings or slots that are connected to the exterior side in a steam-permeable fashion.
9. The wooden structural element as recited in Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that an anti-blockage layer (19) is arranged between the exterior base plate (2) and the exterior wall plate (12), in particular in the region of the slots (17), that is partially permeable in a targeted fashion and/or partially permeable only for certain fluids in certain physical conditions, preferably in the form of a flat layer material that is watertight but permeable to water vapor, particularly a steam release material useful in the construction industry that is flexible, tear resistant, and watertight.
10. The wooden structural element as recited in Claim 9, characterized in that the opening in the exterior base plate (2) are slot-shaped saw cuts, in that the anti-blockage layer (19) has a specially coated, anti-tear polyester fleece or the like, and in that the an anti-blockage layer is attached at least along its edge to the exterior surface of the exterior base plate (2) by adhesion or pressing by means of the exterior wall plate (12) located above it and/or by means of nails, clamps, or the like.
11. The wooden structural element as recited in one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least the two first and last supports adjacent to the horizontal faces (4, 14) have open indentations in the direction to their upper and lower end faces (6) for accepting bolts (90) and in that the indentations run, preferably in a central manner, between the edges of the supports (5) and extend with lengthwise edges in one of the two surfaces of the support walls (91, 92) running approximately parallel to the edges.
12. The wooden structural element as recited in Claim 11, characterized in that the indentations comprise dovetail grooves (111, 112), each of which is located in one of the two surfaces of the support walls (91, 92) between the base plates (1, 2) and is oriented approximately parallel to the base plates, and in that the dovetail grooves are structured to accept bolts (90), preferably metal bolts, with an essentially diametrically opposed cross-section profile.
13. The wooden structural element as recited in one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized

    - in that screwable bolts (90), preferably metal bolts, are provided on the support walls (91, 92) of supports (5),

    - in that each bolt (90) is structured for connecting adjacent supports (5) of neighboring wooden structural elements arranged one above the other with two bolt ends and at least one screw opening (103, 104) being located in each bolt end that accepts a screw (101, 102) for attaching the bolt end to the one surface of the support wall (91, 92) of a corresponding support, and

    - in that one of the bolt ends extends past the nearest end face (6) of that particular support on whose surface the other bolt end is attached.
14. The wooden structural element as recited in Claim 13, characterized

    - in that a joint edge (108) facing the other bolt end transverse to a longitudinal axis of the bolt (90), preferably in the form of a transverse groove (107), is provided on at least one of the bolt ends,

    - in that the screw opening in the one bolt end is comprised in a slot (104) that is open to the bolt end and that ends in the direction of the other bolt end behind the joint edge,and

    - in that the joint edge is assigned to a blocking disc or washer (105) with a push edge and a disc hole (106), preferably a rectangular washer (105) adapted to a transverse groove (107) in the surface of the bolt, said blocking disc or washer being held by a screw (102) passing through the disc hole (106) and the screw opening or slot (104) of the one bolt end with a push edge adjacent to the joint edge (108) of the same bolt end.
15. The wooden structural element as recited in Claim 13 or 14, characterized in that at least the two first and last supports (5) adjacent to the two horizontal faces (4, 14) each have at least two screw holes arranged in a row approximately in the centre between their edges, preferably bores (94, 97) with inserted threaded sleeves (95, 98) for machine screws that are intended for fastening a bolt (90) by means of screws (101, 102) and preferably end in perforated metal plates (96, 99) on the surfaces of the supports (91, 92) on the reverse side of the dovetail grooves, and in that the screw holes are oriented approximately normal to the surfaces of the support walls and to the nearest end faces 6 at distances which, together, approximately equal the distance between two screw holes holding the supports (91, 92) of two bolts (90) connecting two adjacent wooden structural elements.

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