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EP3255218B1 - Construction element and construction obtained from said construction element - Google Patents

Construction element and construction obtained from said construction element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3255218B1
EP3255218B1 EP16173247.4A EP16173247A EP3255218B1 EP 3255218 B1 EP3255218 B1 EP 3255218B1 EP 16173247 A EP16173247 A EP 16173247A EP 3255218 B1 EP3255218 B1 EP 3255218B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
construction element
construction
longitudinal
wall
spacers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16173247.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3255218A1 (en
Inventor
Roland Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to EP16173247.4A priority Critical patent/EP3255218B1/en
Publication of EP3255218A1 publication Critical patent/EP3255218A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3255218B1 publication Critical patent/EP3255218B1/en
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0263—Building elements for making angled walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite construction element for the realization of a construction, said construction element comprising a first longitudinal wall and a second longitudinal wall held at a distance from one another by a plurality of spacers, said spacers being perpendicular to said first and second longitudinal walls and being spaced apart at intervals to form at least one receiving space within said building element, said first and second longitudinal walls further having assembly means at their ends to permit interlocking the building element with another adjacent building element.
  • the present invention also relates to a construction obtained from said building element.
  • a wooden brick type wooden building module for forming a construction by assembling a plurality of said modules. It has two parallel wooden plates held at a distance and interconnected by a module core. The latter is formed of two pairs of longitudinal upper and lower wooden rods connected by vertical uprights. The upper rods protrude at the upper end of the plates and the lower rods are retracted at the lower end of the plates to form complementary interlocking means. Additional additional interlocking means are provided on the amounts to assemble two modules together by interlocking one on the other.
  • the inner cavities formed by the uprights make it possible to receive insulation means or ducts. Indeed, after assembling the modules together to form a construction and in particular a wall, it is possible to subsequently fill the cavities by insulation means. However, it is necessary to provide an additional step during or after assembly to effect the insulation. This has the disadvantage of complicating the site. In addition, this insulation is most often performed by blowing insulation in the cavities. The uniformity of the insulation can not be guaranteed. Indeed, it is common to observe variations in insulation density due to settlement of the insulating material. In addition, because of the presence of the rods, a thermal bridge is generated at the junction between the plates and the module core. As a result, despite the existence of insulation in the cavities, insulation from the outside and / or from the inside is also necessary to avoid the formation of thermal bridges. Therefore, subsequent steps of building insulation are required which are most often carried out by specialized firms.
  • a construction element according to the preamble of claim 1 is described in the application CA 2 713 657 A1 .
  • the present invention aims to provide a construction element totally isolated in a uniform manner during its prefabrication, this structural element being standardized, robust, avoids the formation of thermal bridges, avoids the implementation of a step additional insulation after completion of the construction, and is easy to implement, especially by individuals or unskilled workers.
  • the invention relates to a construction element of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that said construction element further comprises at least one bottom and at least one cover for closing said at least one receiving space, and the first longitudinal wall and / or the second longitudinal wall, and said struts comprise three successively superimposed layers, said first, second and third layers, the first layer comprising a material comprising wood, the second intermediate layer comprising an insulating material; thermal and the third layer comprising a material comprising wood, and in that said at least one closed receiving space is filled in part or entirely with a thermal insulating filler material.
  • the fact of providing spacers comprising an insulating material makes it possible to limit the formation of thermal bridges at each of the longitudinal wall-spacer junctions.
  • the layer of insulating material provided at the level of the longitudinal walls makes it possible to stop the residual thermal bridges at the spacers and to isolate the longitudinal walls.
  • the building element is filled with thermal insulating filler material during its prefabrication, it is insulated uniformly. As the receiving spaces are closed, the thermal insulating filler material is completely protected, especially in bad weather.
  • the structures obtained from the building element according to the invention has improved thermal insulation in accordance with the thermal regulations in force. No subsequent isolation step is necessary to meet the thermal regulations in force. As such, the building element is ideal for the realization of constructions implemented by individuals.
  • the first and third layers of said longitudinal walls and said spacers are panels selected from the group consisting of medium density wood fiber panels, hard wood fiber panels processed under high pressure, oriented wood particle boards, wood plywood panels, solid wood panels, composite wood panels with wood fibers and plastic resins.
  • the second intermediate layer of said longitudinal walls and / or said spacers comprises a panel of a thermal insulating material.
  • the panel of a thermal insulating material of at least one of said longitudinal walls may comprise along at least one of its edges a central groove for receiving a tight compression band.
  • the second intermediate layer of said spacers may consist of said panel of a thermal insulating material and two solid wood rods disposed along two opposite side edges of said panel and providing spacing between the first and third layers of said spacer.
  • the spacers are of rectangular shape and the height of said spacers is slightly less than the height of the longitudinal walls to respectively form a lower recess and a recess greater than the lower and upper ends of the building element, respectively forming two zones of receiving the lid and the bottom.
  • the cover and the bottom are respectively flush with the lower and upper ends of the first and second longitudinal walls.
  • the cover is flush with the upper end of the first and second longitudinal walls and the bottom is set back from the lower end of the first and second longitudinal walls to create a receiving zone.
  • the longitudinal walls, the lid and the bottom each have a polyhedral shape, or any parallelepiped or rectangle.
  • the construction element forms a parallelepiped block, and the first longitudinal wall and the second longitudinal wall are parallel to each other and arranged on either side of a plane.
  • the construction element forms a corner construction element, the first longitudinal wall having a first wall segment perpendicular to a second wall segment, the second longitudinal wall having a first perpendicular wall segment. to a second wall segment, the first wall segment of the first longitudinal wall being parallel to the first wall segment of the second longitudinal wall, the second wall segment of the first longitudinal wall being parallel to the second wall segment of the second wall wall; longitudinal wall.
  • the receiving space is filled in part or in full with a thermal insulating filler material selected from wood fibers, cellulose wadding, polystyrene, rock wool, glass wool.
  • a thermal insulating filler material selected from wood fibers, cellulose wadding, polystyrene, rock wool, glass wool.
  • said at least one receiving space has a plurality of compartments uniformly filled with said thermal insulating filler material.
  • the invention also relates to a construction of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of construction elements assembled together by their respective assembly means so as to form at least one wall of said construction.
  • the building elements can be associated with a plurality of beams which comprises two longitudinal members having a T-shaped section and kept at a distance from one another and parallel to each other by spacers.
  • said spacers are arranged at intervals to form cavities in which insulation means are arranged.
  • the construction element 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 1 to 3 , is in the form of a parallelepipedic brick.
  • This construction element 1 is intended for the realization of a construction and in particular of a vertical plane wall, such as a wall.
  • the construction element 1 comprises a first longitudinal wall 2 and a second longitudinal wall 3 which are mutually parallel and arranged on either side of a plane P.
  • Each of the first and second longitudinal walls 2 and 3 comprises a first panel 21, 31 of a material comprising wood one side of which is oriented outside the building element 1, a second panel 22, 32 of an insulating material, and a third panel 23, 33 of a wood material having one face oriented within the building element 1, the second panel 22, 32 being disposed between the first and third panels 21, 31; 23, 33.
  • the third panel 23 of the first longitudinal wall 2 and the third panel 33 of the second longitudinal wall 3 are arranged opposite one another.
  • the first, second and third panels 21, 31; 22, 32; 23, 33 of each of the walls 2, 3 are arranged successively side by side so as to form three successive layers called first, second and third layers.
  • Panels 21, 31; 22, 32; 23, 33 have a substantially rectangular shape.
  • Panels 21, 31; 22, 32; 23, 33 of each of the walls 2, 3 are assembled together preferably by gluing, without this assembly being limiting.
  • the first panel 21, 31 of each of the walls 2, 3 comprises a longitudinal groove 41 and a lateral groove 42 (see FIG. figure 2 ) which are respectively centered on their upper end 211, 311 and one of their lateral ends 212, 312, and a longitudinal tongue 43 and a lateral tongue 44 respectively centered on their lower end 213, 313 and one of their ends. opposite side 214, 314.
  • each of the longitudinal grooves 41 and the longitudinal tabs 43 form complementary assembly means 4 which can respectively accommodate longitudinal tongues 43 and longitudinal grooves 41 of other construction elements 1, when assembled at Above and below the construction element 1.
  • each of the lateral grooves 42 and the lateral tongues 44 form complementary assembly means 4 capable of accommodating respectively lateral tongues 44 and lateral grooves 42 of other construction elements 1, when they are laterally assembled to the building element ction 1.
  • the first panels 21, 31 are grooved over the entire periphery of their ends 211-214; 311-314 and wooden plates are inserted at the grooves thus formed at the lower and lateral ends 213, 313; 214, 314 to form the tabs 43, 44.
  • Such a configuration provides a tab 43, 44 which is resistant.
  • the tabs 43, 44 could also be obtained by removal of material.
  • the second panel 22, 32 of at least one of the walls 2, 3 also comprises a central groove 50 on each of its ends which is centered, and which makes it possible to receive a compression band 51 (see figure 3 ).
  • This arrangement makes it possible to guarantee airtightness and watertightness when the construction element 1 is assembled with other construction elements 1.
  • only the second panel 22 of the first wall longitudinal 2 has such a central groove 50.
  • the invention also extends to a variant in which the second panel 32 of the second longitudinal wall 3 comprises such a central groove 50.
  • a bottom 6 and a cover 7 are also provided for closing the construction element 1 and are fixed to the longitudinal walls 2, 3.
  • the assembly is preferably performed by gluing.
  • the invention extends to an assembly by nails, screws, tenon mortise or the like or a combination of these means. Bonding is however preferred because it ensures airtightness and / or watertightness.
  • the third plates 23 and 33 of each of the longitudinal walls 2, 3 are spaced from one another and connected by spacers 8 which are arranged perpendicularly between the third plates 23, 33. More particularly, the spacers 8 are perpendicular to the P.
  • the spacer 8 is of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape and comprises a panel 81 of an insulating material and two rods 82 of solid wood disposed along two opposite side edges 83 of said panel 81, and the panel 81 and the rods 82 are sandwiched between two panels 84 of a material comprising wood.
  • the assembly of the spacers 8 to the third plates 23, 33 is preferably made by gluing. However, the invention extends to an assembly by nails, screws, tenon mortise or the like or a combination of these means.
  • the spacers 8 are insulated from the inside and that by therefore the formation of thermal bridges at the spacer-longitudinal wall junction is limited.
  • the spacers 8 have a height which is slightly less than the height of the longitudinal walls 2 and 3 to respectively form a lower recess 61 and a recess 71 greater than the lower and upper ends of the construction element 1, respectively forming two receiving zones. lid 6 and bottom 7.
  • the third plates 23, 33, the bottom 6, the cover 7 and the spacers 8 delimit a closed reception space 9 and inside the building element 1 which is hollow and which forms two compartments 91, 92, ( see figure 2 ) without this number being limiting, each receiving a thermal insulating filler material, preferably in bulk (not shown).
  • the filling material is uniformly distributed in the compartments 91, 92.
  • the thermal insulating filler material may be chosen from wood fibers, cellulose wadding, polystyrene, rockwool, glass or the like.
  • such a configuration makes it possible to completely isolate the thermal insulating filler material from the outside of the building element 1.
  • the thermal insulating filler material is totally protected from the elements and the element is laid down. of construction 1 is facilitated.
  • the compartments 91, 92 are filled during manufacture of the construction element 1 and therefore it is possible to standardize the filling in order to obtain a constant density of the thermal insulating filler material in each of the elements of FIG. construction 1. Random filling is avoided, as is the case in the prior art. Therefore, the construction obtained from these building elements 1 is completely reliably, reproducibly and durably insulated.
  • the spacers 8 are three in number and are spaced from each other by an identical interval. The number of spacers 8 is however not limiting, and depends in particular on the length of the construction element 1, as illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG 4 the second alternative embodiment of the construction element 100 which differs only from the first embodiment by the number of spacers 8 which is five and the length of the construction element 1 which is greater than that of the first variant embodiment of the construction element 1.
  • the gap between the spacers 8 is not necessarily identical and can be adapted.
  • the first and third panels 21, 31, 23, 33 of the walls 2, 3 are preferably chosen from medium density wood fiber panels or high pressure hard wood fibers panels or particle board panels. oriented, or plywood panels or solid wood panels, composite wood panels comprising wood fibers and plastic resins, three-ply panels, or the like.
  • the second panel 22, 32 of the longitudinal walls 2, 3 is preferably made of compressed wood fiber, polystyrene, cardboard, extruded polystyrene with mortar finish.
  • a panel of thermal insulating material makes it possible to thermally insulate the longitudinal walls 2, 3 of the construction element 1 and to eliminate the thermal bridge residues at the longitudinal wall-wall junctions.
  • the construction element 1 is a composite element.
  • the building element 110 may additionally comprise a reinforcing side wall 10 in the form of a panel comprising a wood material.
  • This lateral reinforcing wall 10 is intended to receive means for fixing an opening, such as a window or a door, and thus forms the frame of said opening.
  • the general shape of the building element 1 of the first variant can be modified to form a corner building element 120 which is intended to form the angle of a building.
  • the first wall 2 has a first wall segment 200 perpendicular to a second wall segment 201 and the second wall 3 has a first wall segment 300 perpendicular to a wall segment 200. second wall segment 301.
  • the first wall segment 200 of the first wall 2 is parallel to the first wall segment 300 of the second wall 3, and the second wall segment 201 of the first wall 2 is parallel to the second wall segment. 301 of the second wall 3. Therefore, the building element 120 has an angle A for example equal to 90 °.
  • the number of spacers 8 depends on the length of the wall segments 200, 201, 300, 301.
  • the general shape of the construction element 1, according to for example the first embodiment, can be modified to form a component of a pinion for the realization of a gable wall of a roof of a construction.
  • the panels 21, 31; 22, 32; 23, 33 have a substantially triangular shape, corresponding to the shape of said pinion to achieve.
  • the construction element 130 differs from the construction element 1 according to the first embodiment in that the base 6 is set back from the lower end of the first and second longitudinal walls 2, 3 to form a zone of Such a construction element 130 is intended to be assembled by the reception zone R to a low rail 140, integral with a foundation of the construction, which will be described in the following description.
  • the building element 140 forming a rail, shown in FIG. figure 9 is intended to receive the construction element 130 according to the sixth embodiment of the invention assembled by interlocking.
  • This construction element 140 differs from the first embodiment of the construction element 1, by the shape of the bottom 6 and by the dimension of the longitudinal walls 2, 3 which are complementary to the receiving zone R of the element of construction 130 that it receives by interlocking, as illustrated by figure 10 .
  • the bottom 6 of the construction element 140 extends on either side of the longitudinal walls 2, 3 and forms two zones of
  • the bottom 6 is preferably a three-ply panel to increase the mechanical strength, and limit the deformations due to woodworking.
  • These two receiving zones 62 have identical dimensions.
  • each groove 63 comprises assembly means in the form of grooves 63, to engage with the longitudinal tongues 43 of the construction element 130 that it receives by interlocking.
  • the grooves 63 are arranged in close proximity and along the longitudinal edges 64 of the bottom 6.
  • a complementary groove 65 may also be provided to receive a compression band 51, if the longitudinal wall 2, 3 of the construction element 130 qu it receives is provided with a second insulation panel 22, 32 also provided with a central groove 50.
  • the groove 65 is disposed next to the groove 63 and parallel to it on the zone of
  • the bottom 6 also comprises assembly means in the form of a tongue 66 and a groove 67, arranged perpendicularly to the side edges 68 of the bottom 6 to assemble the construction element 140 to other building elements 140 aligned in a longitudinal direction.
  • the construction element 140 is screwed to the foundations by drilling in the bottom 6. This drilling may also be provided during prefabrication, and in this case the bottom is provided with through holes.
  • the building elements 1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 described above can cooperate with beams P, for example to form the floor of the building.
  • the beam P according to the invention which is illustrated in FIG. figure 11 , comprises two spars P1 having a T-shaped section and kept at a distance from one another and parallel to each other by spacers P6.
  • Each of the longitudinal members P1 has an outer face P2, an inner face P3 formed by the base of the T and two shoulders P4 formed on either side of the sides T.
  • the inner faces P3 of the respective longitudinal members P1 are opposite one another. the other.
  • the beam P is closed by the addition of panels P5 which fit into the shoulders P4 of the longitudinal members P1, by their longitudinal edges P51.
  • the spars P1 are, moreover, maintained at distance by spacers P6 which are arranged between the panels P5 and which rest at their ends P61 in grooves P31 formed on the inner faces P3 of each of the longitudinal members P1.
  • the spacers P6 are arranged at regular intervals or not so as to form cavities P7 in which are arranged insulation means.
  • the spars P1 are made of solid wood and the P5 panels comprise a material comprising wood and are preferably chosen from medium density wood fiber panels or hard wood fiber panels transformed under high pressure or panels. oriented wood particles, or plywood panels of wood, or solid wood panels, composite wood panels comprising wood fibers and plastic resins or the like.
  • the building element 1, 100, 110, 120, 130 can be implemented for the construction of walls of a building.
  • the building elements 1, 100, 110, 120, 130 may be arranged and assembled next to one another and staggered one above the other. Combination with rails, beams and gables allows for a complete construction such as a building for domestic use, commercial or industrial, this construction being advantageously modular and adaptable to the demand.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Description

Domaine technique :Technical area :

La présente invention concerne un élément de construction composite pour la réalisation d'une construction, ledit élément de construction comportant une première paroi longitudinale et une seconde paroi longitudinale maintenues à distance l'une de l'autre par une pluralité d'entretoises, lesdites entretoises étant perpendiculaires auxdites première et seconde parois longitudinales et étant réparties à intervalles pour former au moins un espace de réception à l'intérieur dudit élément de construction, lesdites première et seconde parois longitudinales comportant en outre à leurs extrémités des moyens d'assemblage pour permettre l'emboitement de l'élément de construction avec un autre élément de construction adjacent.The present invention relates to a composite construction element for the realization of a construction, said construction element comprising a first longitudinal wall and a second longitudinal wall held at a distance from one another by a plurality of spacers, said spacers being perpendicular to said first and second longitudinal walls and being spaced apart at intervals to form at least one receiving space within said building element, said first and second longitudinal walls further having assembly means at their ends to permit interlocking the building element with another adjacent building element.

La présente invention concerne également une construction obtenue à partir dudit élément de construction.The present invention also relates to a construction obtained from said building element.

Technique antérieure :Prior art:

Il est connu de l'art antérieur et notamment du brevet EP 0 894 170 B1 , un module de construction en bois de type brique en bois, destiné à former une construction par assemblage de plusieurs desdits modules. Il comporte deux plaques parallèles en bois maintenues à distance et reliées entre elles par un cœur de module. Ce dernier est formé de deux paires de baguettes longitudinales supérieures et inférieures en bois reliées par des montants verticaux. Les baguettes supérieures dépassent au niveau de l'extrémité supérieure des plaques et les baguettes inférieures sont rentrées au niveau de l'extrémité inférieure des plaques pour former des moyens d'emboitement complémentaires. Des moyens d'emboitement complémentaires additionnels sont prévus sur les montants pour assembler deux modules entre eux par emboitement l'un sur l'autre.It is known from the prior art and in particular the patent EP 0 894 170 B1 , a wooden brick type wooden building module for forming a construction by assembling a plurality of said modules. It has two parallel wooden plates held at a distance and interconnected by a module core. The latter is formed of two pairs of longitudinal upper and lower wooden rods connected by vertical uprights. The upper rods protrude at the upper end of the plates and the lower rods are retracted at the lower end of the plates to form complementary interlocking means. Additional additional interlocking means are provided on the amounts to assemble two modules together by interlocking one on the other.

Les cavités intérieures formées par les montants permettent de recevoir des moyens d'isolation ou des gaines techniques. En effet, après assemblage des modules entre eux pour former une construction et notamment un mur, il est possible de remplir ultérieurement les cavités par des moyens d'isolation. Toutefois, il est nécessaire de prévoir une étape supplémentaire pendant ou après l'assemblage pour effectuer l'isolation. Ceci présente l'inconvénient de complexifier le chantier. De plus, cette isolation est le plus souvent effectuée par soufflage d'isolant dans les cavités. L'uniformité de l'isolation ne peut pas être garantie. En effet, il est fréquent d'observer des variations de la densité d'isolant dues au tassement de la matière isolante. En outre, du fait de la présence des baguettes, un pont thermique est généré à la jonction entre les plaques et le cœur de module. Il en résulte que malgré l'existence de l'isolation dans les cavités, une isolation par l'extérieur et/ou par l'intérieur est en plus nécessaire pour éviter la formation de ponts thermiques. Par conséquent, des étapes ultérieures d'isolation de la construction sont nécessaires qui sont le plus souvent réalisées par des entreprises spécialisées.The inner cavities formed by the uprights make it possible to receive insulation means or ducts. Indeed, after assembling the modules together to form a construction and in particular a wall, it is possible to subsequently fill the cavities by insulation means. However, it is necessary to provide an additional step during or after assembly to effect the insulation. This has the disadvantage of complicating the site. In addition, this insulation is most often performed by blowing insulation in the cavities. The uniformity of the insulation can not be guaranteed. Indeed, it is common to observe variations in insulation density due to settlement of the insulating material. In addition, because of the presence of the rods, a thermal bridge is generated at the junction between the plates and the module core. As a result, despite the existence of insulation in the cavities, insulation from the outside and / or from the inside is also necessary to avoid the formation of thermal bridges. Therefore, subsequent steps of building insulation are required which are most often carried out by specialized firms.

Un élément de construction selon le préambule de la revendication 1 est décrit dans la demande CA 2 713 657 A1 .A construction element according to the preamble of claim 1 is described in the application CA 2 713 657 A1 .

Pour ces raisons, la solution de l'art antérieur n'est pas satisfaisante.For these reasons, the solution of the prior art is not satisfactory.

Exposé de l'invention :Presentation of the invention

La présente invention a pour objectif de proposer un élément de construction totalement isolé de manière uniforme lors de sa préfabrication, cet élément de construction étant standardisé, robuste, permet d'éviter la formation de ponts thermiques, évite la mise en place d'une étape d'isolation supplémentaire après réalisation de la construction, et est facile à mettre en œuvre, notamment par des particuliers ou des ouvriers non spécialisés.The present invention aims to provide a construction element totally isolated in a uniform manner during its prefabrication, this structural element being standardized, robust, avoids the formation of thermal bridges, avoids the implementation of a step additional insulation after completion of the construction, and is easy to implement, especially by individuals or unskilled workers.

Dans ce but, l'invention concerne un élément de construction du genre indiqué en préambule, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de construction comporte en outre au moins un fond et au moins un couvercle pour fermer ledit au moins un espace de réception, et en ce que la première paroi longitudinale et/ou la seconde paroi longitudinale, et lesdites entretoises comportent trois couches superposées successivement, dites première, deuxième, et troisième couches, la première couche comportant un matériau comportant du bois, la deuxième couche intermédiaire comportant un matériau isolant thermique et la troisième couche comportant un matériau comportant du bois, et en ce que ledit au moins un espace de réception fermé est rempli en partie ou en totalité d'un matériau isolant thermique de remplissage.For this purpose, the invention relates to a construction element of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that said construction element further comprises at least one bottom and at least one cover for closing said at least one receiving space, and the first longitudinal wall and / or the second longitudinal wall, and said struts comprise three successively superimposed layers, said first, second and third layers, the first layer comprising a material comprising wood, the second intermediate layer comprising an insulating material; thermal and the third layer comprising a material comprising wood, and in that said at least one closed receiving space is filled in part or entirely with a thermal insulating filler material.

Avantageusement, le fait de prévoir des entretoises comportant un matériau isolant permet de limiter la formation de ponts thermiques au niveau de chacune des jonctions paroi longitudinale - entretoise. La couche de matériau isolant prévue au niveau des parois longitudinales permet de stopper les ponts thermiques résiduels au niveau des entretoises et d'isoler les parois longitudinales. De plus, du fait que l'élément de construction est rempli de matériau isolant thermique de remplissage lors de sa préfabrication, celui-ci est isolé uniformément. Comme les espaces de réception sont fermés, le matériau isolant thermique de remplissage est totalement protégé, notamment en cas d'intempéries. Il en résulte que les ouvrages obtenus à partir de l'élément de construction selon l'invention présente une isolation thermique améliorée répondant à la réglementation thermique en vigueur. Aucune étape d'isolation ultérieure n'est nécessaire pour répondre à la réglementation thermique en vigueur. A ce titre, l'élément de construction convient parfaitement pour la réalisation de constructions mises en œuvre par des particuliers.Advantageously, the fact of providing spacers comprising an insulating material makes it possible to limit the formation of thermal bridges at each of the longitudinal wall-spacer junctions. The layer of insulating material provided at the level of the longitudinal walls makes it possible to stop the residual thermal bridges at the spacers and to isolate the longitudinal walls. In addition, because the building element is filled with thermal insulating filler material during its prefabrication, it is insulated uniformly. As the receiving spaces are closed, the thermal insulating filler material is completely protected, especially in bad weather. As a result, the structures obtained from the building element according to the invention has improved thermal insulation in accordance with the thermal regulations in force. No subsequent isolation step is necessary to meet the thermal regulations in force. As such, the building element is ideal for the realization of constructions implemented by individuals.

De préférence, les première et troisième couches desdites parois longitudinales et desdites entretoises sont des panneaux choisis dans le groupe comportant des panneaux en fibres de bois à moyenne densité, des panneaux en fibres dures de bois transformées sous haute pression, des panneaux de particules de bois orientées, des panneaux contreplaqués en bois, des panneaux en bois massif, des panneaux de bois composite comportant des fibres de bois et des résines plastiques.Preferably, the first and third layers of said longitudinal walls and said spacers are panels selected from the group consisting of medium density wood fiber panels, hard wood fiber panels processed under high pressure, oriented wood particle boards, wood plywood panels, solid wood panels, composite wood panels with wood fibers and plastic resins.

De préférence, la deuxième couche intermédiaire desdites parois longitudinales et/ou desdites entretoises comporte un panneau d'un matériau isolant thermique.Preferably, the second intermediate layer of said longitudinal walls and / or said spacers comprises a panel of a thermal insulating material.

Le panneau d'un matériau isolant thermique d'au moins une desdites parois longitudinales peut comporter le long d'au moins un de ses bords une rainure centrale pour recevoir une bande de compression étanche.The panel of a thermal insulating material of at least one of said longitudinal walls may comprise along at least one of its edges a central groove for receiving a tight compression band.

La deuxième couche intermédiaire desdites entretoises peut être constituée dudit panneau d'un matériau isolant thermique et de deux baguettes en bois massif disposées le long de deux bords latéraux opposés dudit panneau et assurant l'écartement entre les première et troisième couches de ladite entretoise.The second intermediate layer of said spacers may consist of said panel of a thermal insulating material and two solid wood rods disposed along two opposite side edges of said panel and providing spacing between the first and third layers of said spacer.

De préférence, les entretoises sont de forme rectangulaire et la hauteur desdites entretoises est légèrement inférieure à la hauteur des parois longitudinales pour former respectivement un renfoncement inférieur et un renfoncement supérieur aux extrémités inférieure et supérieure de l'élément de construction, formant respectivement deux zones de réception du couvercle et du fond.Preferably, the spacers are of rectangular shape and the height of said spacers is slightly less than the height of the longitudinal walls to respectively form a lower recess and a recess greater than the lower and upper ends of the building element, respectively forming two zones of receiving the lid and the bottom.

De préférence, le couvercle et le fond affleurent respectivement les extrémités inférieure et supérieure des première et seconde parois longitudinales.Preferably, the cover and the bottom are respectively flush with the lower and upper ends of the first and second longitudinal walls.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, le couvercle affleure l'extrémité supérieure des première et seconde parois longitudinales et le fond est disposé en retrait de l'extrémité inférieure des première et seconde parois longitudinales pour créer une zone de réception.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the cover is flush with the upper end of the first and second longitudinal walls and the bottom is set back from the lower end of the first and second longitudinal walls to create a receiving zone.

De préférence, les parois longitudinales, le couvercle et le fond présentent chacun une forme polyédrique, ou parallélépipédique quelconque ou rectangle.Preferably, the longitudinal walls, the lid and the bottom each have a polyhedral shape, or any parallelepiped or rectangle.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, l'élément de construction forme un bloc parallélépipédique, et la première paroi longitudinale et la seconde paroi longitudinale sont parallèles entre elles et disposées de part et d'autre d'un plan.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the construction element forms a parallelepiped block, and the first longitudinal wall and the second longitudinal wall are parallel to each other and arranged on either side of a plane.

Selon une autre variante de réalisation, l'élément de construction forme un élément de construction d'angle, la première paroi longitudinale comportant un premier segment de paroi perpendiculaire à un second segment de paroi, la seconde paroi longitudinale comportant un premier segment de paroi perpendiculaire à un second segment de paroi, le premier segment de paroi de la première paroi longitudinale étant parallèle au premier segment de paroi de la seconde paroi longitudinale, le second segment de paroi de la première paroi longitudinale étant parallèle au second segment de paroi de la seconde paroi longitudinale.According to another alternative embodiment, the construction element forms a corner construction element, the first longitudinal wall having a first wall segment perpendicular to a second wall segment, the second longitudinal wall having a first perpendicular wall segment. to a second wall segment, the first wall segment of the first longitudinal wall being parallel to the first wall segment of the second longitudinal wall, the second wall segment of the first longitudinal wall being parallel to the second wall segment of the second wall wall; longitudinal wall.

De préférence, l'espace de réception est rempli en partie ou en totalité d'un matériau isolant thermique de remplissage choisi parmi des fibres de bois, de la ouate cellulose, du polystyrène, de la laine de roche, de la laine de verre.Preferably, the receiving space is filled in part or in full with a thermal insulating filler material selected from wood fibers, cellulose wadding, polystyrene, rock wool, glass wool.

De préférence, ledit au moins un espace de réception comporte une pluralité de compartiments remplis uniformément dudit matériau isolant thermique de remplissage.Preferably, said at least one receiving space has a plurality of compartments uniformly filled with said thermal insulating filler material.

L'invention concerne également une construction du genre indiqué en préambule, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une pluralité d'éléments de construction assemblés entre eux par leurs moyens d'assemblage respectifs de sorte à former au moins un mur de ladite construction.The invention also relates to a construction of the kind indicated in the preamble, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of construction elements assembled together by their respective assembly means so as to form at least one wall of said construction.

Les éléments de construction peuvent être associés à une pluralité de poutrelles qui comporte deux longerons présentant une section en forme de T et maintenus à distance l'un de l'autre et parallèles entre elles par des entretoises.The building elements can be associated with a plurality of beams which comprises two longitudinal members having a T-shaped section and kept at a distance from one another and parallel to each other by spacers.

De préférence, lesdites entretoises sont disposées à intervalles pour former des cavités dans lesquelles sont disposés des moyens d'isolation.Preferably, said spacers are arranged at intervals to form cavities in which insulation means are arranged.

Description sommaire des dessins :Brief description of the drawings:

La présente invention et ses avantages apparaîtront mieux dans la description suivante de plusieurs modes de réalisation donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de construction selon une première variante de réalisation de l'invention dont le couvercle est partiellement retiré,
  • la figure 2 est une vue de dessus de l'élément de construction de la figure 1 dont le couvercle n'est pas représenté,
  • la figure 3 est une vue de face de l'élément de construction de la figure 1,
  • la figure 4 est une vue de dessus d'un élément de construction selon une deuxième variante de réalisation de l'invention dont le couvercle n'est pas représenté,
  • la figure 5 est une vue de dessus d'un élément de construction selon une troisième variante de réalisation de l'invention dont le couvercle n'est pas représenté,
  • la figure 6 est une vue de dessus d'un élément de construction d'angle selon une quatrième variante de réalisation de l'invention dont le couvercle n'est pas représenté,
  • la figure 7 est une vue de dessus d'un élément de construction d'angle selon une cinquième variante de réalisation de l'invention dont le couvercle n'est pas représenté,
  • la figure 8 est une vue de face d'un élément de construction selon une sixième variante de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 9 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de construction selon une septième variante de réalisation de l'invention formant une lisse,
  • la figure 10 est une vue de face de l'élément de construction selon la sixième variante de réalisation de l'invention illustré à la figure 8, emboîté sur l'élément de construction selon la septième variante de réalisation de l'invention illustré à la figure 9, et
  • la figure 11 est une vue en perspective d'une portion de poutrelle entrant dans la construction selon l'invention.
The present invention and its advantages will appear better in the following description of several embodiments given as non-limiting examples, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
  • the figure 1 is a perspective view of a construction element according to a first embodiment of the invention, the cover of which is partially removed,
  • the figure 2 is a top view of the building element of the figure 1 whose lid is not shown,
  • the figure 3 is a front view of the building element of the figure 1 ,
  • the figure 4 is a top view of a construction element according to a second variant embodiment of the invention, the lid of which is not shown,
  • the figure 5 is a top view of a construction element according to a third embodiment of the invention, the lid of which is not shown,
  • the figure 6 is a top view of a corner construction element according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, the cover is not shown,
  • the figure 7 is a top view of a corner construction element according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, the cover is not shown,
  • the figure 8 is a front view of a construction element according to a sixth embodiment of the invention,
  • the figure 9 is a perspective view of a construction element according to a seventh embodiment of the invention forming a rail,
  • the figure 10 is a front view of the construction element according to the sixth variant embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. figure 8 , nested on the construction element according to the seventh embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. figure 9 , and
  • the figure 11 is a perspective view of a portion of beam entering the construction according to the invention.

Illustrations et différentes manières de réaliser l'invention :Illustrations and different ways of carrying out the invention:

L'élément de construction 1 selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, représenté aux figures 1 à 3, se présente sous la forme d'une brique parallélépipédique. Cet élément de construction 1 est destiné à la réalisation d'une construction et notamment d'une paroi plane verticale, tel qu'un mur.The construction element 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 1 to 3 , is in the form of a parallelepipedic brick. This construction element 1 is intended for the realization of a construction and in particular of a vertical plane wall, such as a wall.

L'élément de construction 1 comporte une première paroi longitudinale 2 et une seconde paroi longitudinale 3 qui sont parallèles entre elles et disposées de part et d'autre d'un plan P. Chacune des première et seconde parois longitudinales 2 et 3 comporte un premier panneau 21, 31 d'un matériau comportant du bois dont une face est orientée à l'extérieur de l'élément de construction 1, un deuxième panneau 22, 32 d'un matériau isolant, et un troisième panneau 23, 33 d'un matériau comportant du bois dont une face est orientée à l'intérieur de l'élément de construction 1, le second panneau 22, 32 étant disposé entre les premier et troisième panneaux 21, 31 ; 23, 33. En outre, le troisième panneau 23 de la première paroi longitudinale 2 et le troisième panneau 33 de la seconde paroi longitudinale 3 sont disposés en regard l'un de l'autre. Les premier, deuxième et troisième panneaux 21, 31 ; 22, 32 ; 23, 33 de chacune des parois 2, 3 sont disposés successivement côte à côte de sorte à former trois couches successives dites première, deuxième et troisième couches. Les panneaux 21, 31 ; 22, 32 ; 23, 33 ont une forme sensiblement rectangulaire. Les panneaux 21, 31 ; 22, 32 ; 23, 33 de chacune des parois 2, 3 sont assemblés entre eux de préférence par collage, sans que cet assemblage ne soit limitatif. Le premier panneau 21, 31 de chacune des parois 2, 3 comporte une rainure longitudinale 41 et une rainure latérale 42 (voir figure 2) qui sont centrées respectivement sur leur extrémité supérieure 211, 311 et l'une de leurs extrémités latérales 212, 312, et une languette longitudinale 43 et une languette latérale 44 centrées respectivement sur leur extrémité inférieure 213, 313 et l'une de leurs extrémités latérales opposées 214, 314. Chacune des rainures longitudinales 41 et des languettes longitudinales 43 forment des moyens d'assemblage 4 complémentaires pouvant accueillir respectivement des languettes longitudinales 43 et des rainures longitudinales 41 d'autres éléments de construction 1, lorsqu'ils sont assemblés au-dessus et en-dessous de l'élément de construction 1. De même, chacune des rainures latérales 42 et des languettes latérales 44 forment des moyens d'assemblage 4 complémentaires pouvant accueillir respectivement des languettes latérales 44 et des rainures latérales 42 d'autres éléments de construction 1, lorsqu'ils sont assemblés latéralement à l'élément de construction 1. De préférence, les premiers panneaux 21, 31 sont rainurés sur toute la périphérie de leurs extrémités 211-214 ; 311-314 et des plaques en bois sont insérées au niveau des rainures ainsi formées aux extrémités inférieure et latérale 213, 313 ; 214, 314 pour former les languettes 43, 44. Une telle configuration permet d'obtenir une languette 43, 44 qui est résistante. Toutefois, les languettes 43, 44 pourraient également être obtenues par enlèvement de matière.The construction element 1 comprises a first longitudinal wall 2 and a second longitudinal wall 3 which are mutually parallel and arranged on either side of a plane P. Each of the first and second longitudinal walls 2 and 3 comprises a first panel 21, 31 of a material comprising wood one side of which is oriented outside the building element 1, a second panel 22, 32 of an insulating material, and a third panel 23, 33 of a wood material having one face oriented within the building element 1, the second panel 22, 32 being disposed between the first and third panels 21, 31; 23, 33. In addition, the third panel 23 of the first longitudinal wall 2 and the third panel 33 of the second longitudinal wall 3 are arranged opposite one another. The first, second and third panels 21, 31; 22, 32; 23, 33 of each of the walls 2, 3 are arranged successively side by side so as to form three successive layers called first, second and third layers. Panels 21, 31; 22, 32; 23, 33 have a substantially rectangular shape. Panels 21, 31; 22, 32; 23, 33 of each of the walls 2, 3 are assembled together preferably by gluing, without this assembly being limiting. The first panel 21, 31 of each of the walls 2, 3 comprises a longitudinal groove 41 and a lateral groove 42 (see FIG. figure 2 ) which are respectively centered on their upper end 211, 311 and one of their lateral ends 212, 312, and a longitudinal tongue 43 and a lateral tongue 44 respectively centered on their lower end 213, 313 and one of their ends. opposite side 214, 314. Each of the longitudinal grooves 41 and the longitudinal tabs 43 form complementary assembly means 4 which can respectively accommodate longitudinal tongues 43 and longitudinal grooves 41 of other construction elements 1, when assembled at Above and below the construction element 1. Likewise, each of the lateral grooves 42 and the lateral tongues 44 form complementary assembly means 4 capable of accommodating respectively lateral tongues 44 and lateral grooves 42 of other construction elements 1, when they are laterally assembled to the building element ction 1. Preferably, the first panels 21, 31 are grooved over the entire periphery of their ends 211-214; 311-314 and wooden plates are inserted at the grooves thus formed at the lower and lateral ends 213, 313; 214, 314 to form the tabs 43, 44. Such a configuration provides a tab 43, 44 which is resistant. However, the tabs 43, 44 could also be obtained by removal of material.

Le deuxième panneau 22, 32 d'au moins une des parois 2, 3 comporte également une rainure centrale 50 sur chacune de ses extrémités qui est centrée, et qui permet de recevoir une bande de compression 51 (voir figure 3). Cet agencement permet de garantir l'étanchéité à l'air et à l'eau lorsque l'élément de construction 1 est assemblé à d'autres éléments de construction 1. Dans l'exemple illustré, seul le deuxième panneau 22 de la première paroi longitudinale 2 comporte une telle rainure centrale 50. Toutefois, l'invention s'étend également à une variante dans laquelle le deuxième panneau 32 de la seconde paroi longitudinale 3 comporte une telle rainure centrale 50.The second panel 22, 32 of at least one of the walls 2, 3 also comprises a central groove 50 on each of its ends which is centered, and which makes it possible to receive a compression band 51 (see figure 3 ). This arrangement makes it possible to guarantee airtightness and watertightness when the construction element 1 is assembled with other construction elements 1. In the example illustrated, only the second panel 22 of the first wall longitudinal 2 has such a central groove 50. However, the invention also extends to a variant in which the second panel 32 of the second longitudinal wall 3 comprises such a central groove 50.

Un fond 6 et un couvercle 7 sont également prévus pour fermer l'élément de construction 1 et sont fixés aux parois longitudinales 2, 3. L'assemblage est de préférence effectué par collage. Toutefois, l'invention s'étend à un assemblage par clous, vis, tenon-mortaise ou similaire ou une combinaison de ces moyens. Le collage est toutefois préféré car il permet de garantir l'étanchéité à l'air et/ou à l'eau.A bottom 6 and a cover 7 are also provided for closing the construction element 1 and are fixed to the longitudinal walls 2, 3. The assembly is preferably performed by gluing. However, the invention extends to an assembly by nails, screws, tenon mortise or the like or a combination of these means. Bonding is however preferred because it ensures airtightness and / or watertightness.

Les troisièmes plaques 23 et 33 de chacune des parois longitudinales 2, 3 sont espacées l'une de l'autre et reliées par des entretoises 8 qui sont disposées perpendiculairement entre les troisièmes plaques 23, 33. Plus particulièrement, les entretoises 8 sont perpendiculaires au plan P. L'entretoise 8 est de forme sensiblement parallélépipédique rectangle et comporte un panneau 81 d'un matériau isolant et deux baguettes 82 en bois massif disposées le long de deux bords latéraux 83 opposés dudit panneau 81, et le panneau 81 et les baguettes 82 sont pris en sandwich entre deux panneaux 84 d'un matériau comportant du bois. L'assemblage des entretoises 8 aux troisièmes plaques 23, 33 est de préférence effectué par collage. Toutefois, l'invention s'étend à un assemblage par clous, vis, tenon-mortaise ou similaire ou une combinaison de ces moyens. Une première entretoise 8 et une troisième entretoise 8 ferment latéralement l'élément construction 1 et une deuxième entretoise 8 est disposée au milieu des première et troisième entretoises 8. Avantageusement, il en résulte que les entretoises 8 sont isolées de l'intérieur et que par conséquent la formation de ponts thermiques à la jonction entretoise-paroi longitudinale est limitée. Les entretoises 8 présentent une hauteur qui est légèrement inférieure à la hauteur des parois longitudinales 2 et 3 pour former respectivement un renfoncement 61 inférieur et un renfoncement 71 supérieur aux extrémités inférieure et supérieure de l'élément de construction 1, formant respectivement deux zones de réception du couvercle 6 et du fond 7.The third plates 23 and 33 of each of the longitudinal walls 2, 3 are spaced from one another and connected by spacers 8 which are arranged perpendicularly between the third plates 23, 33. More particularly, the spacers 8 are perpendicular to the P. The spacer 8 is of substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape and comprises a panel 81 of an insulating material and two rods 82 of solid wood disposed along two opposite side edges 83 of said panel 81, and the panel 81 and the rods 82 are sandwiched between two panels 84 of a material comprising wood. The assembly of the spacers 8 to the third plates 23, 33 is preferably made by gluing. However, the invention extends to an assembly by nails, screws, tenon mortise or the like or a combination of these means. A first spacer 8 and a third spacer 8 laterally close the construction element 1 and a second spacer 8 is disposed in the middle of the first and third spacers 8. Advantageously, it follows that the spacers 8 are insulated from the inside and that by therefore the formation of thermal bridges at the spacer-longitudinal wall junction is limited. The spacers 8 have a height which is slightly less than the height of the longitudinal walls 2 and 3 to respectively form a lower recess 61 and a recess 71 greater than the lower and upper ends of the construction element 1, respectively forming two receiving zones. lid 6 and bottom 7.

Les troisième plaques 23, 33, le fond 6, le couvercle 7 et les entretoises 8 délimitent un espace de réception 9 fermé et à l'intérieur de l'élément de construction 1 qui est creux et qui forme deux compartiments 91, 92, (voir figure 2) sans que ce nombre ne soit limitatif, recevant chacun un matériau de remplissage isolant thermique, de préférence en vrac (non représenté). De préférence, le matériau de remplissage est réparti uniformément dans les compartiments 91, 92. Le matériau isolant thermique de remplissage peut être choisi parmi des fibres de bois, de la ouate cellulose, du polystyrène, de la laine de roche, de la laine de verre ou similaire. Avantageusement, une telle configuration permet d'isoler totalement le matériau de remplissage isolant thermique de l'extérieur de l'élément de construction 1. Il en résulte que le matériau de remplissage isolant thermique est totalement protégé des intempéries et la pose de l'élément de construction 1 est facilitée. En outre, les compartiments 91, 92 sont remplis lors de fabrication de l'élément de construction 1 et de ce fait il est possible d'uniformiser le remplissage afin d'obtenir une densité constante du matériau de remplissage isolant thermique dans chacun des éléments de construction 1. On évite un remplissage aléatoire, comme c'est le cas dans l'art antérieur. Par conséquent, la construction obtenue à partir de ces éléments de construction 1 est totalement isolée de manière fiable, reproductible et durable. Dans l'exemple illustré aux figures 1 à 3, les entretoises 8 sont au nombre de trois et sont espacées l'une de l'autre par un intervalle identique. Le nombre d'entretoises 8 n'est toutefois pas limitatif, et dépend notamment de la longueur de l'élément de construction 1, comme l'illustre à la figure 4 la seconde variante de réalisation de l'élément de construction 100 qui diffère uniquement de la première variante de réalisation par le nombre d'entretoises 8 qui est de cinq et par la longueur de l'élément de construction 1 qui est supérieure à celle de la première variante de réalisation de l'élément de construction 1. De même, l'intervalle entre les entretoises 8 n'est pas nécessairement identique et peut être adapté.The third plates 23, 33, the bottom 6, the cover 7 and the spacers 8 delimit a closed reception space 9 and inside the building element 1 which is hollow and which forms two compartments 91, 92, ( see figure 2 ) without this number being limiting, each receiving a thermal insulating filler material, preferably in bulk (not shown). Preferably, the filling material is uniformly distributed in the compartments 91, 92. The thermal insulating filler material may be chosen from wood fibers, cellulose wadding, polystyrene, rockwool, glass or the like. Advantageously, such a configuration makes it possible to completely isolate the thermal insulating filler material from the outside of the building element 1. As a result, the thermal insulating filler material is totally protected from the elements and the element is laid down. of construction 1 is facilitated. In addition, the compartments 91, 92 are filled during manufacture of the construction element 1 and therefore it is possible to standardize the filling in order to obtain a constant density of the thermal insulating filler material in each of the elements of FIG. construction 1. Random filling is avoided, as is the case in the prior art. Therefore, the construction obtained from these building elements 1 is completely reliably, reproducibly and durably insulated. In the example shown in Figures 1 to 3 the spacers 8 are three in number and are spaced from each other by an identical interval. The number of spacers 8 is however not limiting, and depends in particular on the length of the construction element 1, as illustrated in FIG. figure 4 the second alternative embodiment of the construction element 100 which differs only from the first embodiment by the number of spacers 8 which is five and the length of the construction element 1 which is greater than that of the first variant embodiment of the construction element 1. Similarly, the gap between the spacers 8 is not necessarily identical and can be adapted.

Les premier et troisième panneaux 21, 31, 23, 33 des parois 2, 3 sont de préférence choisis parmi des panneaux en fibre de bois à moyenne densité ou des panneaux en fibres dures de bois transformées sous haute pression ou des panneaux de particules de bois orientées, ou des panneaux contreplaqués en bois, ou des panneaux en bois massif, des panneaux de bois composite comportant des fibres de bois et des résines plastiques, des panneaux trois plis, ou similaire.The first and third panels 21, 31, 23, 33 of the walls 2, 3 are preferably chosen from medium density wood fiber panels or high pressure hard wood fibers panels or particle board panels. oriented, or plywood panels or solid wood panels, composite wood panels comprising wood fibers and plastic resins, three-ply panels, or the like.

Le deuxième panneau 22, 32 des parois longitudinales 2, 3 est de préférence en fibre de bois compressé, en polystyrène, en carton, en polystyrène extrudé avec finition mortier. Avantageusement, l'ajout d'un panneau en matériau isolant thermique permet d'isoler thermiquement les parois longitudinales 2, 3 de l'élément de construction 1 et de supprimer les résidus de ponts thermiques aux jonctions entretoise-paroi longitudinale.The second panel 22, 32 of the longitudinal walls 2, 3 is preferably made of compressed wood fiber, polystyrene, cardboard, extruded polystyrene with mortar finish. Advantageously, the addition of a panel of thermal insulating material makes it possible to thermally insulate the longitudinal walls 2, 3 of the construction element 1 and to eliminate the thermal bridge residues at the longitudinal wall-wall junctions.

Du fait de la succession de couches de matériaux différents, l'élément de construction 1 est un élément composite.Due to the succession of layers of different materials, the construction element 1 is a composite element.

Selon une troisième variante réalisation de l'invention, illustrée à la figure 5, l'élément de construction 110 peut comporter de façon additionnelle une paroi latérale de renfort 10 se présentant sous la forme d'un panneau comportant un matériau en bois. Cette paroi latérale de renfort 10 est destinée à recevoir des moyens de fixation d'un ouvrant, tel qu'une fenêtre ou une porte, et forme ainsi le dormant dudit ouvrant.According to a third variant embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIG. figure 5 , the building element 110 may additionally comprise a reinforcing side wall 10 in the form of a panel comprising a wood material. This lateral reinforcing wall 10 is intended to receive means for fixing an opening, such as a window or a door, and thus forms the frame of said opening.

Selon les quatrième et cinquième variantes de réalisation de l'invention, illustrées aux figures 6 et 7, la forme générale de l'élément de construction 1 de la première variante peut être modifiée pour former un élément de construction 120 d'angle qui est destiné à former l'angle d'une construction. La première paroi 2 comporte un premier segment de paroi 200 perpendiculaire à un second segment de paroi 201 et la seconde paroi 3 comporte un premier segment de paroi 300 perpendiculaire à un second segment de paroi 301. Le premier segment de paroi 200 de la première paroi 2 est parallèle au premier segment de paroi 300 de la seconde paroi 3, et le second segment de paroi 201 de la première paroi 2 est parallèle au second segment de paroi 301 de la seconde paroi 3. Par conséquent, l'élément de construction 120 présente un angle A par exemple égal à 90°. Comme l'illustre les figures 6 et 7, le nombre d'entretoises 8 dépend de la longueur des segments de paroi 200, 201, 300, 301.According to the fourth and fifth embodiments of the invention, illustrated in FIGS. figures 6 and 7 the general shape of the building element 1 of the first variant can be modified to form a corner building element 120 which is intended to form the angle of a building. The first wall 2 has a first wall segment 200 perpendicular to a second wall segment 201 and the second wall 3 has a first wall segment 300 perpendicular to a wall segment 200. second wall segment 301. The first wall segment 200 of the first wall 2 is parallel to the first wall segment 300 of the second wall 3, and the second wall segment 201 of the first wall 2 is parallel to the second wall segment. 301 of the second wall 3. Therefore, the building element 120 has an angle A for example equal to 90 °. As illustrated figures 6 and 7 the number of spacers 8 depends on the length of the wall segments 200, 201, 300, 301.

Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, non illustrée, la forme générale de l'élément de construction 1, conformément par exemple à la première variante de réalisation, peut être modifiée pour former un élément de construction d'un pignon destiné à la réalisation d'un mur pignon d'une toiture d'une construction. Dans ce cas, les panneaux 21, 31 ; 22, 32 ; 23, 33 présentent une forme sensiblement triangulaire, correspondante à la forme dudit pignon à réaliser.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, not illustrated, the general shape of the construction element 1, according to for example the first embodiment, can be modified to form a component of a pinion for the realization of a gable wall of a roof of a construction. In this case, the panels 21, 31; 22, 32; 23, 33 have a substantially triangular shape, corresponding to the shape of said pinion to achieve.

Selon une sixième variante de réalisation de l'invention, illustrée à la figure 8, l'élément de construction 130 diffère de l'élément de construction 1 selon la première variante de réalisation en ce que le fond 6 est disposé en retrait de l'extrémité inférieure des première et seconde parois longitudinales 2, 3 pour former une zone de réception R. Un tel élément de construction 130 est destiné à être assemblé par la zone de réception R à une lisse 140 basse, solidaire d'une fondation de la construction, qui sera décrite dans la suite de la description.According to a sixth variant embodiment of the invention, illustrated in FIG. figure 8 , the construction element 130 differs from the construction element 1 according to the first embodiment in that the base 6 is set back from the lower end of the first and second longitudinal walls 2, 3 to form a zone of Such a construction element 130 is intended to be assembled by the reception zone R to a low rail 140, integral with a foundation of the construction, which will be described in the following description.

L'élément de construction 140 formant une lisse, illustré à la figure 9 est destiné à recevoir l'élément de construction 130 selon la sixième variante de réalisation de l'invention assemblé par emboitement. Cet élément de construction 140 diffère de la première variante de réalisation de l'élément de construction 1, par la forme du fond 6 et par la dimension des parois longitudinales 2, 3 qui sont complémentaires de la zone de réception R de l'élément de construction 130 qu'il reçoit par emboitement, comme l'illustre la figure 10. En effet, le fond 6 de l'élément de construction 140 s'étend de part et d'autre des parois longitudinales 2, 3 et forme deux zones de réception 62 saillantes dans une direction perpendiculaire aux parois longitudinales 2, 3. Le fond 6 est de préférence un panneau trois plis pour augmenter la résistance mécanique, et limiter les déformations dues au travail du bois. Ces deux zones de réception 62 présentent des dimensions identiques. En outre, elles comportent des moyens d'assemblage se présentant sous la forme de rainures 63, pour s'emboiter avec les languettes longitudinales 43 de l'élément de construction 130 qu'il reçoit par emboitement. Les rainures 63 sont disposées à proximité immédiate et le long des bords longitudinaux 64 du fond 6. Une rainure 65 complémentaire peut également être prévue pour recevoir une bande de compression 51, si la paroi longitudinale 2, 3 de l'élément de construction 130 qu'il reçoit est munie d'un deuxième panneau d'isolation 22, 32 également muni d'un rainure centrale 50. Dans ce cas, la rainure 65 est disposée à côté de la rainure 63 et parallèlement à celle-ci sur la zone de réception 62. Le fond 6 comporte également des moyens d'assemblage se présentant sous la forme de d'une languette 66 et d'une rainure 67, disposées perpendiculairement aux bords latéraux 68 dudit fond 6 pour assembler l'élément de construction 140 à d'autres éléments de construction 140 alignés selon une direction longitudinale. De préférence, l'élément de construction 140 est fixé par vissage aux fondations en réalisant un perçage dans le fond 6. Ce perçage peut également être prévu lors de la préfabrication, et dans ce cas le fond est muni de trous traversants.The building element 140 forming a rail, shown in FIG. figure 9 is intended to receive the construction element 130 according to the sixth embodiment of the invention assembled by interlocking. This construction element 140 differs from the first embodiment of the construction element 1, by the shape of the bottom 6 and by the dimension of the longitudinal walls 2, 3 which are complementary to the receiving zone R of the element of construction 130 that it receives by interlocking, as illustrated by figure 10 . Indeed, the bottom 6 of the construction element 140 extends on either side of the longitudinal walls 2, 3 and forms two zones of The bottom 6 is preferably a three-ply panel to increase the mechanical strength, and limit the deformations due to woodworking. These two receiving zones 62 have identical dimensions. In addition, they comprise assembly means in the form of grooves 63, to engage with the longitudinal tongues 43 of the construction element 130 that it receives by interlocking. The grooves 63 are arranged in close proximity and along the longitudinal edges 64 of the bottom 6. A complementary groove 65 may also be provided to receive a compression band 51, if the longitudinal wall 2, 3 of the construction element 130 qu it receives is provided with a second insulation panel 22, 32 also provided with a central groove 50. In this case, the groove 65 is disposed next to the groove 63 and parallel to it on the zone of The bottom 6 also comprises assembly means in the form of a tongue 66 and a groove 67, arranged perpendicularly to the side edges 68 of the bottom 6 to assemble the construction element 140 to other building elements 140 aligned in a longitudinal direction. Preferably, the construction element 140 is screwed to the foundations by drilling in the bottom 6. This drilling may also be provided during prefabrication, and in this case the bottom is provided with through holes.

Les éléments de construction 1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 décrits ci-dessus peuvent coopérer avec des poutrelles P, par exemple pour former le plancher de la construction. La poutrelle P selon l'invention qui est illustrée à la figure 11, comporte deux longerons P1 présentant une section en forme de T et maintenus à distance l'un de l'autre et parallèles entre elles par des entretoises P6. Chacun des longerons P1 comporte une face externe P2, une face interne P3 formée par la base du T et deux épaulements P4 formés de part et d'autre des côtés du T. Les faces internes P3 respectives des longerons P1 sont en regard l'une de l'autre. La poutre P est fermée par l'ajout de panneaux P5 qui s'emboîtent dans les épaulements P4 des longerons P1, par leurs bords longitudinaux P51. Les longerons P1 sont, en outre, maintenus à distance par des entretoises P6 qui sont disposées entre les panneaux P5 et qui reposent par leurs extrémités P61 dans des rainures P31 ménagées sur les faces internes P3 de chacun des longerons P1. Les entretoises P6 sont disposées à intervalles réguliers ou non de sorte à former des cavités P7 dans lesquelles sont disposés des moyens d'isolation. De préférence, les longerons P1 sont en bois massif et les panneaux P5 comportent un matériau comportant du bois et sont de préférence choisis parmi des panneaux en fibres de bois à moyenne densité ou des panneaux en fibres dures de bois transformées sous haute pression ou des panneaux de particules de bois orientées, ou des panneaux contreplaqués en bois, ou des panneaux en bois massif, des panneaux de bois composite comportant des fibres de bois et des résines plastiques ou similaire.The building elements 1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140 described above can cooperate with beams P, for example to form the floor of the building. The beam P according to the invention which is illustrated in FIG. figure 11 , comprises two spars P1 having a T-shaped section and kept at a distance from one another and parallel to each other by spacers P6. Each of the longitudinal members P1 has an outer face P2, an inner face P3 formed by the base of the T and two shoulders P4 formed on either side of the sides T. The inner faces P3 of the respective longitudinal members P1 are opposite one another. the other. The beam P is closed by the addition of panels P5 which fit into the shoulders P4 of the longitudinal members P1, by their longitudinal edges P51. The spars P1 are, moreover, maintained at distance by spacers P6 which are arranged between the panels P5 and which rest at their ends P61 in grooves P31 formed on the inner faces P3 of each of the longitudinal members P1. The spacers P6 are arranged at regular intervals or not so as to form cavities P7 in which are arranged insulation means. Preferably, the spars P1 are made of solid wood and the P5 panels comprise a material comprising wood and are preferably chosen from medium density wood fiber panels or hard wood fiber panels transformed under high pressure or panels. oriented wood particles, or plywood panels of wood, or solid wood panels, composite wood panels comprising wood fibers and plastic resins or the like.

Possibilités d'application industrielle :Possibilities of industrial application:

L'élément de construction 1, 100, 110, 120, 130 selon l'invention peut être mis en œuvre pour la réalisation de murs d'une construction. Les éléments de construction 1, 100, 110, 120, 130 peuvent être disposés et assemblés les uns à côté des autres et les uns au-dessus des autres en quinconce. Leur combinaison avec des lisses, des poutres et des pignons permet de réaliser une construction complète telle qu'un bâtiment à usage aussi bien domestique, commercial qu'industriel, cette construction étant avantageusement modulaire et adaptable à la demande.The building element 1, 100, 110, 120, 130 according to the invention can be implemented for the construction of walls of a building. The building elements 1, 100, 110, 120, 130 may be arranged and assembled next to one another and staggered one above the other. Combination with rails, beams and gables allows for a complete construction such as a building for domestic use, commercial or industrial, this construction being advantageously modular and adaptable to the demand.

La présente invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples de réalisation décrits mais s'étend à toute modification et variante évidentes pour un homme du métier.The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described but extends to any modification and variation obvious to a person skilled in the art.

Claims (14)

  1. Composite construction element (1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140) for building a construction, said construction element (1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140) comprising a first longitudinal wall (2) and a second longitudinal wall (3) maintained at a distance from each other by a plurality of spacers (8), said spacers (8) being perpendicular to said first and second longitudinal walls (2 and 3) and distributed at intervals to form at least one receiving space (9) inside of said construction element (1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140), said first and second longitudinal walls (2 and 3) moreover comprising at their ends assembly means (4) to allow fitting construction element (1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140) with another adjacent construction element, said first longitudinal wall (2) and/or said second longitudinal wall (3), and said spacers (8) comprising three successively superimposed layers called first, second and third layer, said first layer comprising a material including wood and said third layer comprising a material including wood, characterized in that said second intermediate layer comprises a panel (22, 32, 81) out of a heat-insulating material arranged to eliminate the thermal bridges at the junctions between spacer and longitudinal wall, in that said construction element (1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140) moreover comprises at least one bottom (6) and at least one cover (7) to close said at least one receiving space (9), and in that said at least one closed receiving space (9) is filled partly or totally with a heat-insulating filling material when manufacturing said construction element.
  2. Construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and third layers of said longitudinal walls (2, 3) and of said spacers (8) are panels (21, 31, 23, 33, 84) chosen in the group comprising medium-density wood-fiber boards, highpressure processed hard wood fiber boards, oriented strand board panels, plywood panels, solid wood panels, composite wood panels including wood fibers and plastic resins.
  3. Construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that said panel (22, 32) out of a heat-insulating material of at least one of said longitudinal walls (2, 3) comprises along at least one of its edges a central groove (50) to receive a tight compression strip (51).
  4. Construction element according to claim 1, characterized in that said second intermediate layer of said spacers (8) is made of said panel (81) out of a heat-insulating material and of two solid wood bars (82) arranged along two opposite side edges of said panel (81) and ensuring the space between the first and the third layer of said spacer (8).
  5. Construction element according to claim 4, characterized in that spacers (8) have a rectangular shape and in that the height of said spacers (8) is slightly less than the height of longitudinal walls (2, 3) so as to form respectively a lower recess (61) and an upper recess (71) at the lower and upper ends of construction element (1, 100, 110, 120, 130), forming respectively two receiving areas for cover (7) and bottom (6).
  6. Construction element according to claim 5, characterized in that cover (7) and bottom (6) are flush respectively with the lower and the upper ends of first and second longitudinal walls (2, 3).
  7. Construction element according to claim 4, characterized in that cover (6) is flush with the upper end of first and second longitudinal walls (2, 3) and bottom (7) is set back with respect to the lower end of first and second longitudinal walls (2, 3) to create a receiving area (R).
  8. Construction element according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that longitudinal walls (2, 3), cover (7) and bottom (6) have each a polyhedral shape, or any or a rectangular parallelepipedic shape.
  9. Construction element according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it forms a parallelepipedic block, and in that first longitudinal wall (2) and second longitudinal wall (3) are parallel to each other and arranged on either side of a plane (P).
  10. Construction element according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it forms a corner construction element (120), in that first longitudinal wall (2) comprises a first wall segment (200) perpendicular to a second wall segment (201), in that second longitudinal wall (3) comprises a first wall segment (300) perpendicular to a second wall segment (301), in that first wall segment (200) of first longitudinal wall (2) is parallel to first wall segment (300) of second longitudinal wall (3), and in that second wall segment (201) of first longitudinal wall (2) is parallel to second wall segment (301) of second longitudinal wall (3).
  11. Construction element according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that said at least one receiving space (9) is partly or totally filled with a heat-insulating filling material chosen among wood fibers, cellulose wadding, polystyrene, rock wool, glass wool.
  12. Construction element according to claim 11, characterized in that said at least one receiving space (9) comprises a plurality of compartments (91, 92), which are evenly filled with said heat-insulating filling material.
  13. Construction characterized in that it comprises a plurality of construction elements (1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140) according to any of claims 1 to 12 assembled together by their respective assembly means (4) so as to form at least one wall of said construction.
  14. Construction according to claim 13, characterized in that construction elements (1, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140) are associated with a plurality of beams (P) including two girders (P1) having a T-shaped cross-section and held at a distance from each other and parallel to each other by means of spacers (P6) and in that said spacers (P6) are arranged at intervals to form cavities (P7) wherein insulating means are arranged.
EP16173247.4A 2016-06-07 2016-06-07 Construction element and construction obtained from said construction element Active EP3255218B1 (en)

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EP16173247.4A EP3255218B1 (en) 2016-06-07 2016-06-07 Construction element and construction obtained from said construction element

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Cited By (1)

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FR3126721A1 (en) * 2021-09-07 2023-03-10 Fabrice Bouillaud Interlocking wooden brick, large but light, intended for the manufacture of walls or partitions for the construction of enclosures, buildings such as houses, warehouses and sheds or for the construction of swimming pools.

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FR3120377B1 (en) 2021-03-04 2024-01-12 Schmidthaus Ltd Joist for the construction of wooden frame buildings, construction element incorporating it, and building constructed with at least one such element.

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SK137198A3 (en) 1996-04-15 1999-09-10 Josef Kolb Building module and building module system for producing flat construction, especially walls
DE10224903A1 (en) * 2002-06-04 2004-06-24 Ludwig Junker Sägewerk und Holzhandel GmbH timber element
BE1017998A3 (en) * 2008-02-14 2010-03-02 Calbert Jean Paul MODULAR CONSTRUCTION COMPOSITE STRUCTURE.
LV14137B (en) * 2008-10-22 2010-09-20 Silins Janis Double walled wooden block and method of wall construction using the same
US8448396B2 (en) * 2010-02-19 2013-05-28 International Homes of Cedar Laminated insulated timber for building construction
GB201103217D0 (en) * 2011-02-24 2011-04-13 Lime Technology Ltd Construction panel

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3126721A1 (en) * 2021-09-07 2023-03-10 Fabrice Bouillaud Interlocking wooden brick, large but light, intended for the manufacture of walls or partitions for the construction of enclosures, buildings such as houses, warehouses and sheds or for the construction of swimming pools.

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