EP1422972B1 - Elément chauffant blindé à effet CTP - Google Patents

Elément chauffant blindé à effet CTP Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP1422972B1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: heating; food; heating element; wire; plate
Prior art date: 2002-10-23
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Expired - Lifetime

Application number

EP03356160A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

French (fr)

Other versions

EP1422972A1 (fr

Inventor

Henri Galliou

Olivier Moine

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

SEB SA

Original Assignee

SEB SA

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2002-10-23

Filing date

2003-10-20

Publication date

2009-12-09

2003-10-20 Application filed by SEB SA filed Critical SEB SA

2004-05-26 Publication of EP1422972A1 publication Critical patent/EP1422972A1/fr

2009-12-09 Application granted granted Critical

2009-12-09 Publication of EP1422972B1 publication Critical patent/EP1422972B1/fr

2023-10-20 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Images

Classifications

- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material

Definitions

the present invention relates to the field of shielded type heating elements where a resistive wire is housed, spirally, in a metal tube surrounded by an insulator such as magnesia.
the present invention relates in particular to such elements having particular electrical characteristics.
⁇ ⁇ o ⁇ 1 - ⁇ ⁇ T - 25
⁇ o the resistivity of the wire at 25 ° C
⁇ the resistivity of the wire at the temperature T expressed in ° C
⁇ the temperature coefficient
heating elements are however used in "all or nothing", ie as thermal safety avoiding any malfunction.
the variation of resistance is of the order of 25% between 20 ° C and 800 ° C, which makes it possible to generate power drops of 25%, sufficient for the normative tests.
the heating son commonly used in heating elements for household cooking appliances whose maximum temperature of the heating plates is of the order of 300 ° C, have a variation of the order of 10%, for Ni-Cr or Ni-Cr-Al type wires.
the CTP effect therefore has little effect on the operation of the device. It seems nevertheless interesting to try to make better use of this effect, for purposes of protection and / or regulation of such devices.
such a heating element allows an automatic limitation of the power when the temperature rises, its use is limited to a large temperature range and for a remote heating of the products, or in contact with certain points with the object to heat.
Such an embodiment of the heating element remains expensive, however, by the materials used for the two tubes.
such a device has the disadvantage of a low contact between the heating element and the element to be heated.
the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. It is in particular achieved by means of a heating element for an electrical appliance for heating food or for cooking food, comprising a tubular metal envelope inside which is housed a resistive wire surrounded by insulation, the two main elements constituting said wire being nickel and iron, said wire having a relative increase in resistivity greater than 1500 ppm / ° C and preferably greater than 3000 ppm / ° C, characterized in that the wire is wound into a spiral whose outer diameter is greater than 0.7 times the inner diameter of the tubular casing.
An object of the present invention is therefore to provide heating elements having a very large CTP effect, with a hot resistivity value (for example 300 ° C) up to several times the initial value at room temperature.
a hot resistivity value for example 300 ° C
a stabilization temperature of the heating element that is substantially identical to that obtained by means of a specific regulating device comprising by example a temperature sensor associated with means for stopping the power supply of the heating element.
One of the ways to solve this problem is to wind the wire into a spiral whose outer diameter is greater than 0.7 times the inner diameter of the tubular casing. It is indeed usually common to wind the spiral wire inside the tubular casing, but the outside diameter of the coil does not exceed 60% of the inside diameter of the tubular casing. However, keep a minimum distance of 0.8 mm to 1 mm between the wire and the tubular casing.
a relative increase in this diameter with respect to the inside diameter of the tubular casing thus makes it possible to increase the total length of the wire for the same size of the tubular casing.
the thickness of the coating of the insulator is actually reduced, which makes it possible to increase the heat transfer between the resistive wire and the tubular casing.
the proportion of nickel in the constitution of the yarn is greater than 40%. This value makes it possible to obtain wires having high temperature coefficients ⁇ .
Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrical apparatus for heating food or cooking food, comprising at least one heating plate of said food, said plate being in connection with a heating element comprising a metal tubular envelope inside which is housed a resistive wire surrounded by insulation, characterized in that the two main elements constituting said wire are nickel and iron, and in that the wire presents a relative increase in resistivity greater than 1500 ppm / ° C. and preferably greater than 3000 ppm / ° C.
the temperature range being relatively low, of the order of 300 ° C, since the devices concerned are food cooking appliances, it will be sought that the resistive wire has a high temperature coefficient, while ensuring that that the implementation of a heating element comprising such a wire does not cause a considerable increase in the cost of such an element, and is compatible with the practical realization of said appliance.
the production of a heating plate is however conditioned by the heat exchange between the heating element and said plate. This is all the more important that the equilibrium temperature is dependent on the load of the heating plate, that is to say the product cooked.
the heating plate must therefore be in intimate contact with the heating element so that the CTP effect plays its full role.
the heating element conforms to one of the previously mentioned characteristics.
the resistance of the wire is adjusted so that the heating generated by the power supply of the heating element causes an increase in the resistance of the wire to an equilibrium value corresponding to a temperature of the heating plate which is the operating temperature of said heating plate for heating food or cooking food in croque-monsieur cooking appliances, waffle irons, meat grill, ...
This temperature is usually set, in current devices, by a thermostat comprising a temperature sensor associated with means for stopping the supply of the heating element.
the present invention therefore aims more particularly at the suppression of thermostat for the regulation of heating elements fitted to certain electric cooking appliances, by regulating the heating elements without a specific device.
the CTP effect must be important because, when it comes to regulating food cooking appliances, the difference in temperature is much lower than in the case of malfunctions of water heaters.
the power of the heating element at the required temperature of the plate for heating or cooking food is between 0, 4 and 0.7 times the power of the heating element at room temperature, under the same supply voltage of said heating element.
the power variation is solely due to the thermal variation of the resistance of the wire resulting from the value of the temperature coefficient ⁇ .
the electric appliance for heating food or cooking of food comprises means for promoting the heat exchange between the heating element and the heating plate, by the presence, in the cooking plate, of housing grooves of the heating element, and / or by the quality of the insulation surrounding the wire in the tubular casing, and / or by the adaptation of the surface properties of the tubular casing.
the wire even if it is at the heart of the problem, is not the only parameter on which it is necessary to be attentive so that, overall, we obtain this effect thermal self-regulation of the device.
One of the means to promote heat exchange is to provide, in the heating plate, a housing groove of the heating element, which allows a more intimate connection between the heating element and the heating plate.
the groove surrounds the heating element on at least half a perimeter of the tubular casing of said heating element.
the heating element undergoes a compression step in the groove in order to increase the contact area between said element and said groove.
a complementary method for increasing the thermal transfer of the heating element to the heating plate is to cover the parts that are not in contact with the heating plate of a diffusion plate made of a good thermal conductive material, such as aluminum or copper.
this diffusion plate is also in contact with the heating plate by extending over a significant area, for example of the order of 30% of the surface of the heating plate.
Another means of promoting the transfer of energy from the heating element to the heating plate is to off-center the resistive wire, inside the tubular casing, in the direction of the heating plate.
said heating element detects any temperature variation of the plates, automatically causing a change in its power.
the example illustrating the present invention is a croque-monsieur type of cooking appliance, or waffle maker, comprising son-based heating elements having a strong CTP effect.
obtaining a significant CTP effect is essentially related to the choice of the material constituting the resistive wire, and in particular its temperature coefficient.
the selection according to the invention has been made on yarns having a temperature coefficient ⁇ of between 0.0015 and 0.0050, which corresponds to a relative increase in resistivity of 1500 to 5000. ppm / ° C.
a temperature increase of 300 ° C results in an increase in resistivity, and therefore resistance of the heating wire, by a factor of between 1.4 and 2.4, which induces, at this temperature, a drop in power of the same ratio.
a value lower than 0.0015 would not have given a sufficiently large CTP effect, and a value greater than 0.005 would lead to problems with the feasibility of the heating element and / or the cooking appliance.
wire diameters of 0.18 mm or 0.14 mm have been used (usually 0.25 to 0.30 mm).
FIG. 1 Two typical heating curves are illustrated figure 1 .
a first curve in dotted line, shows the power variation of the heating elements since the start of the device.
the second in solid lines, shows the variation of the temperature of the heating plates.
Tests have therefore been conducted by varying the cold ohmic value of the various heating elements, to determine what cold value is necessary to obtain a given power stabilization rate to 300 ° C.
the heating element having to include a temperature coefficient resistive wire ⁇ as previously defined and present a resistance R to obtain a determined power at a given temperature, with the constraints as previously mentioned.
Such tests are illustrated by the following table presenting, from different cold powers, the evolution of said powers as a function of temperature, the heating elements being constituted by a steel tube inside which is housed a wire of which the temperature coefficient is 3600 ppm / ° C.
the different nominal powers are obtained by changing the length of the wire, essentially by acting on the winding pitch of said wire in the tube.
the table also indicates the variation of power between 160 ° C and 210 ° C, these two temperatures being estimated as, on the one hand the temperature of the plate when it receives food to cook or to heat (160 ° C), and on the other hand the temperature of said plate during cooking or heating (210 ° C).
the wire used is for 60 to 70% of the effect of self-regulation and roasting quality, thermal transfers playing for 30 to 40%.
the apparatus illustrating the present invention is an apparatus for making croqueclude or waffles, according to the shape of the heating plates used. Its starting power is between 500 and 600 W, while its power, when the plates are hot enough, is only 250 to 300 W.
the wire being housed in a tube filled with insulation, itself in connection with a diffusion plate, connected to the heating plate receiving the product to be cooked, various parameters influencing the heat transfer between the resistive wire and the put food. to cook can be modified, together with the use of different resistive wires having different values of temperature coefficient.
the indication "N” corresponds to a contact as is usually done, while the indication “A” corresponds to an improvement in the contact between the heating element and the heating plate, by making a housing groove of said heating element which has an important role in the heat transfer.
Coefficient of temperature of the wire (ppm / ° C) Tube type Contact with plate ⁇ P (%) ⁇ Pc (%) 1350 steel NOT 30 % 8% 1350 steel AT 30 % 11% 3600 steel NOT 55% 19% 3600 steel AT 55% 29% 3600 aluminum AT 52% 40% 4500 steel NOT 66% 25% 4500 steel AT 59% 41% 4500 aluminum AT 59% 47%
the improvement of the thermal exchanges and the reduction of the thermal inertia between the heating element and the plate can be obtained by the quality of the tube of the heating element, made for example of a material having a very good thermal conduction, such as aluminum, together with an intimate connection between the heating element and the heating plate.
the heating element 2 comprises a resistive wire 4 centered in a tubular envelope 6 surrounded by insulator 5.
This insulator is preferably an inorganic insulator, for example an oxide such as magnesia, alumina or zirconia. Boron nitride can also be used.
the heating element 2 is connected to a heating plate 8 by a solder bead 10.
the exchange surface between the heating element and the heating plate heating is relatively low.
the Figures 3 to 6 have different configurations improving heat transfer between the heating element and the heating plate.
a groove 12 for receiving the heating element is formed in the heating plate 80, said groove being delimited by flanks 14.
the groove may be flush with the surface, as shown in FIG. figure 3 or be located further inside the heating plate as shown figure 4 , thus decreasing the distance d between the heating element and the active surface 81 of the heating plate 82.
a winding according to a larger diameter of the wire 4 is also presented figure 3 this operation to accommodate a longer length of wire in the same tubular envelope.
the heating element 20 is shaped to the shape of the groove, for example by pressing, which further increases the contact surface between the heating element and the heating plate.
the resistive wire 40 is presented eccentrically in the shell of the heating element in the direction of the heating plate 82. This configuration, independent of the conformation of the wire to the shape of the groove, allows to locate the heating mainly at the level of the heating plate, thus limiting the radiation opposite the heating plate.
a particular surface treatment of the heating element may be provided so that it has a high emissivity on the surface in contact with the heating plate and a low emissivity elsewhere.
the heating sub-assembly 30 comprises a heating plate 36, a heating element 37 and a diffusion plate 38.
the heating element 37 comprises a resistive wire with a strong CTP effect according to one of the characteristics mentioned above.
the heating plate 36 comprises at least one cavity comprising at least one impression taking the form of the food to be cooked. All the impressions of a heating plate 36 form the cooking zone of said heating plate 36.
the heating element 37 is disposed against the face of the heating plate 36 which is opposite the face having the cavities.
the shape of the heating element 37 is adapted to the surface of the cooking zone and the width and length of the heating plate 36, forming a loop.
the diffusion plate 38 has a housing 32 which conforms to the shape of the heating element 37 and is adapted to receive it. Thus, the heating element 37 is sandwiched between the heating plate 36 and the diffusion plate 38.
the latter is shaped so that it marries a predetermined height e , at least a portion of all cavities cavities of the heating plate 36.
the diffusion plate 38 comprises, in addition to the housing 32 receiving the heating element 37, a cavity 35 receiving the heating plate 36 on the predetermined height e . In this way, thermal exchanges are favored between the heating plate 36 and the diffusion plate 38.
the heating plate 36 is made of a material that is a poor thermal conductor, for example stainless steel, and its thickness, substantially constant, is between 0.6 and 0.8 mm.
a heating plate 36 can be easily made by stamping and then by cutting a sheet.
the stainless steel plate may be coated with a release material on the side to be in contact with the food to be cooked.
the diffusion plate 38 is made of a material which is a good thermal conductor, for example aluminum, and its thickness, which is substantially constant, is between 0.8 and 2 mm, and preferably between 0.8. and 1 mm.
a diffusion plate 38 can be made by stamping.
the diffusion plate 38 thus acts as a thermal diffuser by distributing by conduction the thermal energy coming from the heating element 37 on the part of the heating plate 36 which is in contact with the diffusion plate 38.
the diffusion plate 38 promotes feedback to the heating element 37 of the thermal state of the heating plate 36, which improves the responsiveness of the control. This aspect is even more important when the heating plate is steel which has a low thermal conductivity generating significant thermal inertia.
the assembly of the heating plate 36 with the diffusion plate 38 can be done by welding, gluing, or, preferably for cost reasons, by riveting or screwing.
the heating plate 36 and the diffusion plate 38 are fixed to each other by clinching, that is to say by mutual deformation following a common stamping: the embedding of the heating plate 36 in the diffusion plate 38 makes it possible to have a better resistance to rise and fall in temperature despite the difference in expansion between the two metals used.
the present invention is not limited to the only example presented where the heating element team croquethe.
a heating element and its associated self-regulating capabilities can also find applications in other electric food contact heating appliances, such as barbecues, crepe makers, meat broilers, as well as in home appliances.
water heating such as coffee makers, kettles, even irons, also to avoid dry heating.

Landscapes

Resistance Heating (AREA)
Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
Cookers (AREA)
Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

EP03356160A 2002-10-23 2003-10-20 Elément chauffant blindé à effet CTP Expired - Lifetime EP1422972B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
FR0213251A FR2846509B1 (fr)	2002-10-23	2002-10-23	Element chauffant blinde a effet ctp
FR0213251		2002-10-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP1422972A1 EP1422972A1 (fr)	2004-05-26
EP1422972B1 true EP1422972B1 (fr)	2009-12-09

Family

ID=32088215

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP03356160A Expired - Lifetime EP1422972B1 (fr)	2002-10-23	2003-10-20	Elément chauffant blindé à effet CTP

Country Status (7)

Country	Link
US (1)	US6919542B2 (zh)
EP (1)	EP1422972B1 (zh)
CN (1)	CN100479624C (zh)
AT (1)	ATE451814T1 (zh)
DE (1)	DE60330431D1 (zh)
FR (1)	FR2846509B1 (zh)
TW (1)	TW200414789A (zh)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR2876535B1 (fr) *	2004-10-13	2006-12-01	Seb Sa	Element chauffant
ITVE20060001U1 (it) *	2006-01-12	2007-07-13	I R C A S P A Ind Resistenze Corazzate ...	Contenitore per fluidi da riscaldare
CN101263983B (zh) *	2007-03-16	2012-01-25	厦门灿坤实业股份有限公司	一种电热式煎烤器及利用该煎烤器煎烤食物的方法
US20100252561A1 (en) *	2008-03-25	2010-10-07	Moshe Ein-Gal	Food plate with structure for accommodating fork tines
US20090242573A1 (en) *	2008-03-25	2009-10-01	Moshe Ein-Gal	Food plate with structure for accommodating fork tines
CN201197641Y (zh) *	2008-04-17	2009-02-25	厦门灿坤实业股份有限公司	一种可局部高温加热的电煎烤器
KR101544552B1 (ko) *	2009-05-04	2015-08-13	엘지전자 주식회사	조리 기기
ITRM20100363A1 (it) *	2010-07-06	2012-01-07	I R C A S P A Ind Resistenze Corazzate	Sistema di riscaldamento di acqua, in particolare per lavastoviglie
US10190814B2 (en) *	2011-11-17	2019-01-29	Component Hardware Group, Inc.	Condensate evaporator for refrigeration apparatus
MA41647A (fr) *	2015-03-05	2018-01-09	Spectrum Brands Inc	Dispositif de cuisson
US10251218B2 (en) *	2015-04-27	2019-04-02	Haier Us Appliance Solutions, Inc.	Appliance heating element
US20170325293A1 (en) *	2016-05-06	2017-11-09	General Electric Company	Appliance Heating Element with Integrated Temperature Sensing
CN106659034A (zh) *	2016-12-27	2017-05-10	艾思玛新能源技术（江苏）有限公司	一种用于放置发热元件的装置
US11154162B2 (en) *	2017-03-14	2021-10-26	Illinois Tool Works Inc.	Cooking appliance and related heater assembly
CN207412066U (zh) *	2017-05-05	2018-05-29	广东美的厨房电器制造有限公司	电烤箱
EP4434419A1 (fr) *	2023-03-22	2024-09-25	Lavafileds Group	Appareil electromenager et procede de fonctionnement

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US2499961A (en) *	1948-04-30	1950-03-07	Gen Electric	Electric heating unit
US2767288A (en) *	1954-04-26	1956-10-16	Gen Electric	Electric heating unit
US2816200A (en) *	1954-12-15	1957-12-10	Int Nickel Co	Electrical heating unit
US2916594A (en) *	1957-08-05	1959-12-08	Gen Electric	Electric heating
US3885128A (en) *	1974-07-01	1975-05-20	Gen Electric	Glass-ceramic plate heating unit cast-in heat spreader
US4052590A (en) *	1976-10-28	1977-10-04	National Presto Industries, Inc.	Electric appliance with intermittently staked sheathed heating element
GB9525947D0 (en) *	1995-12-19	1996-02-21	Strix Ltd	Heating elements

2002
- 2002-10-23 FR FR0213251A patent/FR2846509B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
2003
- 2003-10-15 TW TW092128532A patent/TW200414789A/zh unknown
- 2003-10-20 AT AT03356160T patent/ATE451814T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-10-20 DE DE60330431T patent/DE60330431D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-20 EP EP03356160A patent/EP1422972B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-10-22 US US10/689,734 patent/US6919542B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-10-23 CN CNB2003101025633A patent/CN100479624C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
FR2846509A1 (fr)	2004-04-30
FR2846509B1 (fr)	2006-03-17
CN100479624C (zh)	2009-04-15
US6919542B2 (en)	2005-07-19
ATE451814T1 (de)	2009-12-15
DE60330431D1 (de)	2010-01-21
US20040084439A1 (en)	2004-05-06
EP1422972A1 (fr)	2004-05-26
TW200414789A (en)	2004-08-01
CN1498037A (zh)	2004-05-19

Publication	Publication Date	Title
EP1422972B1 (fr)	2009-12-09	Elément chauffant blindé à effet CTP
EP1625772B1 (fr)	2007-01-24	Dispositif de chauffage d un liquide pour appareil electrome nager, appareil electromenager equipe d un tel dispositif
EP1812758B1 (fr)	2018-05-02	Procédé et dispositif de fourniture d'eau chaude
CA2231333C (fr)	2005-12-06	Friteuse a cuve amovible
FR2475191A1 (fr)	1981-08-07	Ensemble chauffant a rayonnement pour cuisinieres a plaque de cuisson lisse
EP0606440B1 (fr)	1997-11-26	Procede de grillage et/ou de rechauffage d'un produit agroalimentaire, et dispositif de mise en oeuvre dudit procede
FR2608882A1 (fr)	1988-06-24	Agencement de protection thermique pour table de cuisson en verre a disque massif
FR2760957A1 (fr)	1998-09-25	Appareil de cuisson electrique
FR2502750A3 (fr)	1982-10-01	Ensemble comprenant une sonde de temperature pour des elements de chauffage electriques a rayonnement
EP1400193B1 (fr)	2005-06-22	Capot d'appareil éléctrique du type gaufrier
EP1433406B1 (fr)	2007-03-07	Dispositif de régulation de l'alimentation électrique d'une résistance pour barbecue
EP1400194B1 (fr)	2006-08-23	Sous-ensemble chauffant d'un appareil electrique du type gaufrier
WO2006040476A1 (fr)	2006-04-20	Element chauffant, notamment destine aux bouilloires
EP1121884B1 (fr)	2004-03-03	Appareil électrique de cuisson à cuve amovible
EP4434419A1 (fr)	2024-09-25	Appareil electromenager et procede de fonctionnement
FR2788213A1 (fr)	2000-07-13	Friteuse electrique
EP1294261A2 (fr)	2003-03-26	Recipient chauffant pour appareil electromenager chauffe liquides
FR2789875A1 (fr)	2000-08-25	Friteuse electrique adaptee a l'utilisation de produits surgeles
FR2814056A1 (fr)	2002-03-22	Appareil electrique de cuisson du type barbecue, a limitation de chauffe
FR2899784A1 (fr)	2007-10-19	Appareil a griller ou rotir, a chauffage par induction
FR3079914A1 (fr)	2019-10-11	Moyen de chauffage et appareil de cuisson
FR2829009A1 (fr)	2003-03-07	Appareil electromenager a dispositif de chauffage et procede de realisation d'un tel dispositif
BE513098A (zh)
WO1997007365A1 (fr)	1997-02-27	Dispositif de chauffage electrique
WO1999063872A1 (fr)	1999-12-16	Appareil electrique de cuisson, notamment friteuse

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