EP1283528B1 - Niederohmiger elektrischer Widerstand und Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Widerstände - Google Patents
Niederohmiger elektrischer Widerstand und Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Widerstände Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1283528B1 EP1283528B1 EP02015940A EP02015940A EP1283528B1 EP 1283528 B1 EP1283528 B1 EP 1283528B1 EP 02015940 A EP02015940 A EP 02015940A EP 02015940 A EP02015940 A EP 02015940A EP 1283528 B1 EP1283528 B1 EP 1283528B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- resistors
- layer
- strips
- film
- resistor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003698 laser cutting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/06—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material including means to minimise changes in resistance with changes in temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C1/00—Details
- H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors
- H01C1/142—Terminals or tapping points or electrodes specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points or electrodes on resistors the terminals or tapping points being coated on the resistive element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
- H01C17/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors using lithography, e.g. photolithography
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
- H01C17/28—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals
- H01C17/281—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals by thick film techniques
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/003—Thick film resistors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a low-resistance electrical resistor and a method for its production according to the preamble of the independent claims. In particular acts low-resistance precision resistors for current measurement purposes in SMD or chip design.
- the separation of the resistors can be done with a laser cutting machine or preferably by breaking the adhesive film after double-sided Etching through the metal layers along the intended Separation lines are made.
- This known method is relative consuming. Above all, however, it is hardly possible thanks to this necessary etching resistors with precisely defined resistance values to create. It is particularly difficult to apply the alloy foil galvanized connection contacts by etching structure without the underlying alloy metal attack, with the precision also by the for the etching Typical undefined shape of the end faces of the connection contacts is affected, which is not exactly perpendicular to Surface, but more or less concave down to the alloy surface run.
- connection contacts are used to manufacture SMD measuring resistors a bonded to a substrate, structured in the usual way Resistance foil if necessary after galvanic pre-tinning the connection areas as a paste using the screen printing process applied to the film and then melted into compact "beads". The desired precise resistance value can also be found here can only be achieved by subsequent adjustment.
- These resistors are separated by stamping, as is also the case with comparable other known components is common.
- the invention has for its object a method for Specify the manufacture of precision resistors of the type under consideration, that is easier than comparable known methods and in particular the formation of the connection contacts without etching allows.
- the invention also provides a low-resistance resistor with the features of claim 1 provided.
- precision resistances can be done with a few simple operations be made in the milliohm range that with resistance tolerances of max. ⁇ 5% no subsequent Require adjustment.
- connection contacts nor the Alloy areas have to be etched, with the disadvantages the etching structuring, namely the Formation of leaking, non-vertical etching flanks leading to large fluctuations in the resistance value and poor reproducibility to lead.
- the second requirement for the production according to the invention is more precise Resistance is the creation of a defined width. This is preferably done by sawing the galvanized resistance layer reached.
- Sawing results in much higher accuracy and reproducibility of the resistances than with other separation methods such as etching, stamping and z. B. also in itself possible use of lasers. In addition, by sawing is the number that can be produced for a given usable area Resistances are maximized.
- the process is suitable for for the production of extremely low-resistance Resistors in the range of about 0.5, for example Large quantities of m ⁇ to 5 m ⁇ , but resistors can also be used with even lower or higher resistance values be, e.g. B. 0.01-50 m ⁇ . With a modified design with particularly thin resistance foils, the resistance value can also be easily raised, e.g. up to 100 m ⁇ .
- the resistors are also flexible and can be almost any size depending on the desired load capacity or be made small. Since the manufactured according to the invention Resistance consists essentially only of metal and the organic used in the known methods mentioned Adhesive layer either completely eliminated or, if available, does not have to dissipate heat, it has the advantage of high temperature resistance and high resilience. In the for this resistance typical applications, it is sufficient to use the heat loss derived via the connection contacts, for example in a Circuit board, on the surface of which the resistors according the SMD technology.
- a bare is in the first step rectangular sheet 1 made of a metallic resistance alloy covered with a photoresist layer 2, which in the Photolithography usual way through a photomask (not shown) can be exposed.
- the sheet 1 can be practical Cases a usable area of z. B. have about 300 x 400 mm and be between 0.1 and 1 mm thick. It preferably exists made of one of the proven Cu-based resistance alloys such as z. B. CuMn12Ni or the like.
- Mask serving structure consists of a multitude of themselves over the entire width or length of the upper one in the drawing Surface of the sheet 1 or at least the surface to be used extending parallel strip 2 ', as a rule the same width and same, over the entire length of the strip have constant mutual distances.
- the photoresist layer 2 Before, after or simultaneously with the photolithographic Structuring the photoresist layer 2 is the bottom of the Sheet 1 covered with a protective film 3, which in the subsequent Galvanizing is a metallization of the sheet metal underside prevented.
- the photoresist strips are in the process stage according to FIG. 1D) 2 'removed and replaced by protective lacquer.
- the protective lacquer strips 5 can, for example, by hand Spatulas or squeegees can be applied. You prevent one Metallization of the areas between the copper strips 4 of the sheet 1 in a subsequent galvanic reinforcement the copper strip and later protect as well like the protective film 3, the surface of the alloy area of the finished resistance.
- further copper can be galvanically applied to the copper strip 4 Copper to strengthen the contacts and / or an additional one Metal to be deposited.
- tin 6 the copper surface is protected from tarnishing and that later soldering the resistor onto a circuit board or The like. Relieved. Form the strips 4 with the tin layer 6 the connection contacts of the individual resistors to be generated.
- connection contacts provided sheet 1 longitudinally perpendicular to the Sheet surface and groups running perpendicular to each other separated from cutting planes.
- the cutting planes of one of these both groups run parallel to the copper strips 4 and thus to one of the edges of the sheet 1 through the entire sheet and are each in the middle of one of the copper strips 4, the thereby being cut into two equal strips, along the arrows 7 in Fig. 1E) and in Fig. F).
- Fig. F as the last or penultimate stage of the process the isolated resistance or one along the second group of cutting planes shown strips to be divided.
- the cutting planes of the second group also run parallel to the other sheet edge through the entire sheet along the side edges of the individual resistors.
- the single resistance created after the last process step is shown schematically (not to scale) in Fig. 2.
- the finished resistor consists of the rectangular one Alloy sheet metal piece 1 ', at the opposite ends of which rectangular connection contacts 4 'and 4' 'with the tin layers 6 ', 6' 'are electroplated.
- the by galvanic cutting of copper possibly in several layers are preferably relatively thick, i.a. for good Input and output of the current in or out of the alloy guarantee.
- the thickness of the copper can be approximate 50-100 ⁇ m.
- the resistance has the opposite Ends of flat end faces 9 of the connection contacts and the sheet metal piece 1 'itself, which is exactly perpendicular to the Align the sheet level with each other. The same applies to the two lateral end faces 8 of the contacts and the sheet metal piece 1'.
- The is between the connection contacts Protective lacquer layer 5 ', while the surface facing away from the contacts of the resistance is still covered by the protective film 3 ' can be.
- the modified resistor shown in Fig. 3 differs from the design according to FIG. 2 only in that instead of the relatively thick sheet metal piece covered with the protective film 3 ' 1 'a much thinner resistance film 11 has been used is that on a double-sided adhesive serving as a protective film Adhesive film 13 has been attached.
- the resistance foil 11 whose thickness is less than 100 ⁇ m e.g. down to 20 ⁇ m is for the purpose of manageability, i.e. for mechanical Stabilization using the protective and adhesive film 13 been fixed on a substrate 18, for example can be a 0.5 mm thick aluminum sheet.
- connection contacts 14 with the tin layers 16 and Protective lacquer layer 15 correspond to the embodiment according to FIG. 2, and also the manufacture of the modified resistor takes place essentially according to that described with reference to FIG. 1 Method with the proviso that instead of in the step of FIG. 1A of the relatively thick sheet 1 from the thin resistance film 11, the double-sided adhesive film 13 and the substrate 18 existing laminate is used, the adhesive film 13 and the substrate 18 can replace the protective film 3.
- the values of the resistors produced in this way can typically in the order of 50 or 100 m ⁇ .
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Apparatuses And Processes For Manufacturing Resistors (AREA)
- Details Of Resistors (AREA)
- Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- die verschiedenen Schritte oder Stufen des Verfahrens;
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische schrägbildliche Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Widerstands, und
- Fig. 3
- eine modifizierte Bauform des Widerstands.
Claims (12)
- Niederohmiger elektrischer Widerstand, bestehend aus einem flachen rechteckigen Metallstück (1', 11) aus einer Widerstandslegierung und auf die eine Hauptfläche des Metallstücks an entgegengesetzten Enden aufgalvanisierten Anschlusskontakten (4', 4'', 14),
wobei die Stirnflächen (9) des Metallstücks (1', 11) und der Anschlusskontakte (4', 4'', 14) an diesen Enden und die senkrecht zu diesen Stirnflächen (9) angrenzenden Seitenflächen (8) des Metallstücks (1') und der Anschlusskontakte (4', 4'', 14) jeweils senkrecht zu der Ebene der Hauptfläche des Metallstücks (1', 11)miteinander fluchten. - Widerstand nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sein Widerstandswert zwischen etwa 0,5 mΩ und etwa 5,0 mΩ beträgt.
- Widerstand nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metallstück eine Folie (11) ist, die auf ihrer den Anschlusskontakten (14) abgewandten Seite auf einem Substrat (18) befestigt ist.
- Widerstand nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Folie (11) weniger als 100 µm dick ist.
- Widerstand nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sein Widerstandswert größer als 10 mΩ und vorzugsweise größer als 50 mΩ ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung niederohmiger elektrischer Widerstände, bei dem auf photolithographisch definierte Bereiche einer aus einer metallischen Widerstandslegierung in Form eines Bleches (1) oder einer Folie (11) bestehenden Lage galvanisch ein Metall zur Bildung von Anschlusskontakten (4) für eine Vielzahl einzelner Widerstände abgeschieden und die mit den Anschlusskontakten (4) versehene Lage (1, 11) in die einzelnen Widerstände zerteilt wird, gekennzeichnet durch die Verfahrensschrittephotolithographische Erzeugung einer Abdeckmaske, die durch eine Vielzahl sich über die eine Oberfläche der Lage (1, 11) erstreckender paralleler Streifen (2') mit gleichmäßigen gegenseitigen Abständen gebildet wird;Galvanisierung der Lage (1, 11) nur auf ihrer die Abdeckmaske tragenden Oberfläche zur Abscheidung des Anschlusskontaktmetalls auf den zwischen den parallelen Maskenstreifen (2') liegenden Widerstandsstreifen; undZertrennen der galvanisierten Lage (1, 11) längs senkrecht zu deren Oberfläche und senkrecht zueinander verlaufender Gruppen von Schnittebenen, von denen die einen Schnittebenen (7) parallel zu den Anschlusskontaktstreifen (4) je einen der Anschlusskontaktstreifen zertrennen, während die anderen Schnittebenen die Widerstände an ihren quer zu den Anschlusskontaktstreifen (4) verlaufenden Rändern voneinander trennen, wobei die galvanisierte Lage (1, 11) zum Vereinzeln der Widerstände zersägt oder mit einem Laser zertrennt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass vor der Galvanisierung die Rückseite der Lage (1) mit einer Schutzfolie (3) bedeckt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Abscheidung des Anschlusskontaktmetalls die Maskenstreifen (2') entfernt und an ihrer Stelle ein Schutzlack (5) aufgebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die Anschlusskontaktstreifen (4) vor dem Vereinzeln der Widerstände galvanisch mindestens eine zusätzliche Schicht (6) aus demselben Metall oder aus einem anderen Metall aufgebracht wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Blech (1) oder eine Folie (11) aus einer Cu-Legierung zur Bildung der Anschlusskontaktstreifen verkupfert wird und die Kupferstreifen (4) verzinnt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Länge, Breite und Dicke der nach dem Vereinzeln der Widerstände verbleibenden Blechstücke (1') und der gegenseitige Abstand der verbleibenden Anschlusskontakte (4', 4'') für Widerstandswerte zwischen etwa 0,1 mΩ und etwa 5 mΩ bemessen werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Abdeckmaske auf einer aus der Widerstandslegierung bestehenden, weniger als 100 µm dicken Folie erzeugt wird, die durch Befestigung auf einem Substrat (18) handhabbar gemacht wird, und dass Länge, Breite und Dicke der nach dem Vereinzeln der Widerstände verbleibenden Folienstücke (11) für Widerstandswerte von mehr als 10 mΩ und vorzugsweise mehr als 50 mΩ bemessen werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2001139323 DE10139323C1 (de) | 2001-08-10 | 2001-08-10 | Niederohmiger elektrischer Widerstand und Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Widerstände |
DE10139323 | 2001-08-10 | ||
DE10153273 | 2001-10-29 | ||
DE2001153273 DE10153273A1 (de) | 2001-10-29 | 2001-10-29 | Niederohmiger elektrischer Widerstand und Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Widerstände |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1283528A2 EP1283528A2 (de) | 2003-02-12 |
EP1283528A3 EP1283528A3 (de) | 2003-07-16 |
EP1283528B1 true EP1283528B1 (de) | 2004-10-13 |
Family
ID=26009922
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02015940A Expired - Lifetime EP1283528B1 (de) | 2001-08-10 | 2002-07-17 | Niederohmiger elektrischer Widerstand und Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Widerstände |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1283528B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE279779T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50201270D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2229026T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10338041B3 (de) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-02-24 | Isabellenhütte Heusler GmbH KG | Elektrischer Widerstand und Verfahren zum Herstellen von Widerständen |
US8242878B2 (en) * | 2008-09-05 | 2012-08-14 | Vishay Dale Electronics, Inc. | Resistor and method for making same |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3296574A (en) * | 1962-12-21 | 1967-01-03 | Tassara Luigi | Film resistors with multilayer terminals |
DE3201434A1 (de) * | 1982-01-19 | 1983-09-08 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Elektrisches bauelement in chip-bauweise |
US4532186A (en) * | 1982-06-16 | 1985-07-30 | Nitto Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Circuit substrate with resistance layer and process for producing the same |
-
2002
- 2002-07-17 ES ES02015940T patent/ES2229026T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-17 EP EP02015940A patent/EP1283528B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-17 AT AT02015940T patent/ATE279779T1/de active
- 2002-07-17 DE DE2002501270 patent/DE50201270D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE279779T1 (de) | 2004-10-15 |
ES2229026T3 (es) | 2005-04-16 |
EP1283528A2 (de) | 2003-02-12 |
DE50201270D1 (de) | 2004-11-18 |
EP1283528A3 (de) | 2003-07-16 |
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