EP1141422B1 - Procede de denitruration de l'acier en fusion en cours d'elaboration - Google Patents
Procede de denitruration de l'acier en fusion en cours d'elaboration Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1141422B1 EP1141422B1 EP99959490A EP99959490A EP1141422B1 EP 1141422 B1 EP1141422 B1 EP 1141422B1 EP 99959490 A EP99959490 A EP 99959490A EP 99959490 A EP99959490 A EP 99959490A EP 1141422 B1 EP1141422 B1 EP 1141422B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- denitriding
- bath
- oxygen
- nitrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 82
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;molecular oxygen Chemical compound C.O=O CSJDCSCTVDEHRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000549343 Myadestes Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 aluminum nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002829 nitrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001936 parietal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0025—Adding carbon material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0037—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 by injecting powdered material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/0025—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
- F27D3/0026—Introducing additives into the melt
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/18—Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of production of low steels nitrogen contents. It is advantageously applied to the development of shades at low and very low carbon.
- the manufacturing processes, or the nuance of certain steels therefore sometimes require very low nitrogen contents on the final product obtained, for example, to fix ideas, from 15 to 25 ppm for sheets intended for automobile construction or for steels for packaging, around 50 ppm for plates on offshore platforms, or from 40 to 60 ppm for tire reinforcement wires, etc.
- These nitrogen contents are expected at the steelworks, at all stages of the development of molten metal, from the furnace electric, or from the converter until it solidifies with continuous casting.
- the elaboration in the electric oven in particular, is distinguished by a strong contamination in nitrogen of the metal, due to the cracking of the nitrogen molecule from the air in the thermal zone of the electric arc which facilitates its transfer to the liquid metal.
- a N is the dissolved nitrogen activity, which can be assimilated to the nitrogen content of the metal in the case of low-alloy carbon steels
- P N2 is the partial nitrogen pressure of the gas in contact with the liquid metal. This means that in the presence of atmospheric N 2 , the nitrogen content of the metal will continuously increase towards its solubility limit, which is in the vicinity of 430 ppm at the temperature of the molten steel (approximately 1600 ° C.).
- this gas can be argon or helium injected, but at low flow rate and with a high cost, or carbon monoxide formed in situ by the decarburization of the metal during the injection of oxygen, which is conventionally practiced in gaseous or particulate form (see for example the article by K. Shinme and T. Matsuo, "Acceleration of nitrogen removal with decarburization by powdered oxidizer blowing under reduced pressure", published in the Japanese journal ISIJ in 1987).
- JP-A-63 206 421 relates to a process for advanced denitriding of a steel bath by means of a simultaneous and separate injection of gaseous hydrocarbon and powdery oxide.
- the purpose of the present invention is precisely to promote denitriding of molten metal which exploits the denitriding potential of the washing gas on the one hand, and which allows, on the other hand, to control the final nitrogen content independently of the content initial carbon of the metallic bath, whereas this is currently the case with a classic decarburization.
- the invention relates to a process for denitriding molten steel being developed by oxygen blowing as defined in claim 1.
- carbon and oxygen are injected jointly but separately and side by side at the same level of the metal bath (at a distance of about 20 cm from each other for example).
- the carbon content of the metal bath is not modified.
- the co-injection technique according to the invention has been tested and implemented under industrial conditions in a small oven with a capacity of 6 tonnes, by simultaneously supplying carbon and oxygen by two independent injection lances whose outlet ends were placed side by side at the same level within the molten steel bath to be treated, about twenty centimeters from each other.
- the carbon was supplied by a coal with low sulfur and nitrogen contents (weight contents lower than 0.1% for these two elements), and using either argon or nitrogen as carrier gas .
- the oxygen was supplied either by injection of gaseous O 2 or by injection of iron ore (equivalent to 0.2 Nm 3 of O 2 per 1 kg of ore).
- the denitriding method of the invention turns out to be flexible enough to realization to allow multiple variants of implementation, which are mentioned below some examples:
- Any oxidizing gas, or any oxidizing powder iron ore, but also manganese ore, silica powder, etc.
- any type of carbon product can be used for the purpose of adding carbon.
- Co-injection according to the invention can be carried out without particular difficulties in the electric furnace, but also in the O 2 blowing converter from the top (type LD, AOD) or from the bottom (type OBM, LWS); in a pocket oven or in vacuum systems, type RH, where one can also benefit from the effect of vacuum on denitriding (P N2 low above the metal bath).
- This technique can be particularly interesting in the case of an oven electric double-tank, where the denitriding phase by simultaneous supply of carbon and oxygen can be done in masked time while the merger of a new metallic charge in the other tank energized. For this, the denitriding operation will be done at the end of the development of a load, without electric voltage, the electric power being transferred to the other tank for the fusion of the next charge, without loss of productivity for the steelworks.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1 est un graphique montrant l'évolution comparée de la teneur pondérale en azote d'un bain d'acier au four électrique contenant plus de 0.15% de carbone en poids, en fonction du volume de CO émis dans le bain, à partir d'une injection solitaire d'oxygène (courbe a) et à partir d'une co-injection carbone-oxygène selon l'invention (courbe b);
- la figure 2 est un graphique analogue à celui de la figure précédente, mais sur bain décarburé, c'est-à-dire dans le cas où la teneur pondérale en carbone du bain métallique est faible, à savoir inférieur à 0.1%;
- la figure 3 est un graphe montrant l'évolution comparée de la teneur pondérale en azote en fonction du volume de CO émis dans le bain par co-injection carbone-oxygène selon la nature du gaz de de transport du carbone injecté.
Claims (4)
- Procédé de dénitruration d'un bain d'acier en fusion en cours d'élaboration par introduction d'oxygène, dans lequel on apporte au bain également du carbone sous une forme insufflable, le carbone et l'oxygène étant injectés conjointement, mais séparément, au sein du bain d'acier en fusion à traiter, caractérisé en ce que le carbone et l'oxygène sont injectés côte à côte au même niveau du bain d'acier, de façon à permettre une réaction entre carbone et oxygène injectés.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les apports de carbone et d'oxygène sont réglés de façon stoechiométrique.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le carbone est injecté à l'état solide pulvérulent à l'aide d'un gaz de transport.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on le met en oeuvre dans une installation d'aciérie électrique à double cuve.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9816082A FR2787468B1 (fr) | 1998-12-18 | 1998-12-18 | Procede de denitruration de l'acier en fusion en cours d'elaboration |
FR9816082 | 1998-12-18 | ||
PCT/FR1999/003176 WO2000037688A1 (fr) | 1998-12-18 | 1999-12-17 | Procede de denitruration de l'acier en fusion en cours d'elaboration |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1141422A1 EP1141422A1 (fr) | 2001-10-10 |
EP1141422B1 true EP1141422B1 (fr) | 2003-08-06 |
Family
ID=9534200
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99959490A Expired - Lifetime EP1141422B1 (fr) | 1998-12-18 | 1999-12-17 | Procede de denitruration de l'acier en fusion en cours d'elaboration |
Country Status (24)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6565622B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1141422B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002533566A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20010101205A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1329675A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE246734T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU756853B2 (fr) |
BG (1) | BG105612A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR9916269A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2356370A1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ20012225A3 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69910256T2 (fr) |
EA (1) | EA003345B1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2205916T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2787468B1 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUP0104705A3 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL348064A1 (fr) |
RO (1) | RO121135B1 (fr) |
SI (1) | SI20533A (fr) |
SK (1) | SK7932001A3 (fr) |
TR (1) | TR200101606T2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000037688A1 (fr) |
YU (1) | YU42501A (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200104661B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20050034977A1 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2005-02-17 | Hanson Kyle M. | Electrochemical deposition chambers for depositing materials onto microfeature workpieces |
US20050063798A1 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2005-03-24 | Davis Jeffry Alan | Interchangeable workpiece handling apparatus and associated tool for processing microfeature workpieces |
US20050050767A1 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2005-03-10 | Hanson Kyle M. | Wet chemical processing chambers for processing microfeature workpieces |
CN112342400A (zh) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-09 | 潘玉霞 | 一种五金铸件的精密消气泡铸造工艺 |
DE102021121472A1 (de) | 2021-08-18 | 2023-02-23 | Sms Group Gmbh | Elektrolichtbogenofen, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Elektrolichtbogenofens und Verwendung eines Elektrolichtbogenofens |
WO2024190908A1 (fr) * | 2023-03-16 | 2024-09-19 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Procédé de production d'acier fondu et four à arc |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE739066A (en) * | 1969-09-18 | 1970-03-18 | Electro pneumatic steel | |
FR2540518B1 (fr) * | 1983-02-03 | 1991-09-06 | Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech | Procede pour la conduite d'un four metallurgique de fusion et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
JPH0819456B2 (ja) * | 1987-02-24 | 1996-02-28 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 極低窒素鋼の溶製方法 |
DE4242328C2 (de) * | 1992-12-15 | 1995-06-08 | Alfred Dipl Ing Dr Freissmuth | Mittel zur Entschwefelung, Entphosphorung, Entsilicierung und Entstickung von Roheisen- und Gußeisenschmelzen |
FR2705767B1 (fr) * | 1993-05-27 | 1995-07-21 | Lorraine Laminage | Procédé et installation de production d'acier liquide à partir de matières ferreuses riches en matières carbonées. |
JPH0726318A (ja) * | 1993-07-09 | 1995-01-27 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 製鋼用電気炉の操業方法 |
JPH09165615A (ja) * | 1995-12-14 | 1997-06-24 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 溶融金属の脱窒方法 |
JPH1112634A (ja) * | 1997-06-20 | 1999-01-19 | Nkk Corp | アーク炉による低窒素溶鋼の製造方法 |
LU90154B1 (fr) * | 1997-10-17 | 1999-04-19 | Wurth Paul Sa | Procede pour la fusion en continu de produits metalliques solides |
-
1998
- 1998-12-18 FR FR9816082A patent/FR2787468B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-12-17 RO ROA200100695A patent/RO121135B1/ro unknown
- 1999-12-17 KR KR1020017007403A patent/KR20010101205A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-17 YU YU42501A patent/YU42501A/sh unknown
- 1999-12-17 EP EP99959490A patent/EP1141422B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-17 PL PL99348064A patent/PL348064A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-17 CN CN99813960A patent/CN1329675A/zh active Pending
- 1999-12-17 SK SK793-2001A patent/SK7932001A3/sk unknown
- 1999-12-17 CZ CZ20012225A patent/CZ20012225A3/cs unknown
- 1999-12-17 WO PCT/FR1999/003176 patent/WO2000037688A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-17 EA EA200100563A patent/EA003345B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-17 AT AT99959490T patent/ATE246734T1/de active
- 1999-12-17 ES ES99959490T patent/ES2205916T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-17 CA CA002356370A patent/CA2356370A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-17 AU AU16648/00A patent/AU756853B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-17 HU HU0104705A patent/HUP0104705A3/hu unknown
- 1999-12-17 JP JP2000589741A patent/JP2002533566A/ja active Pending
- 1999-12-17 BR BR9916269-5A patent/BR9916269A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-12-17 DE DE69910256T patent/DE69910256T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-17 TR TR2001/01606T patent/TR200101606T2/xx unknown
- 1999-12-17 US US09/857,361 patent/US6565622B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-17 SI SI9920093A patent/SI20533A/sl not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-06-07 ZA ZA200104661A patent/ZA200104661B/xx unknown
- 2001-06-18 BG BG105612A patent/BG105612A/xx unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2787468B1 (fr) | 2001-12-07 |
JP2002533566A (ja) | 2002-10-08 |
DE69910256D1 (de) | 2003-09-11 |
CN1329675A (zh) | 2002-01-02 |
AU1664800A (en) | 2000-07-12 |
US6565622B1 (en) | 2003-05-20 |
CZ20012225A3 (cs) | 2002-02-13 |
FR2787468A1 (fr) | 2000-06-23 |
TR200101606T2 (tr) | 2001-10-22 |
EP1141422A1 (fr) | 2001-10-10 |
BG105612A (en) | 2002-01-31 |
SK7932001A3 (en) | 2002-01-07 |
ATE246734T1 (de) | 2003-08-15 |
EA200100563A1 (ru) | 2001-12-24 |
PL348064A1 (en) | 2002-05-06 |
SI20533A (sl) | 2001-10-31 |
RO121135B1 (ro) | 2006-12-29 |
CA2356370A1 (fr) | 2000-06-29 |
DE69910256T2 (de) | 2004-07-01 |
KR20010101205A (ko) | 2001-11-14 |
YU42501A (sh) | 2003-12-31 |
HUP0104705A2 (hu) | 2002-03-28 |
EA003345B1 (ru) | 2003-04-24 |
AU756853B2 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
BR9916269A (pt) | 2001-09-04 |
HUP0104705A3 (en) | 2002-06-28 |
WO2000037688A1 (fr) | 2000-06-29 |
ZA200104661B (en) | 2002-06-07 |
ES2205916T3 (es) | 2004-05-01 |
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