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EP1091818A1 - Method for preparing a casting mould - Google Patents

Method for preparing a casting mould

Info

Publication number
EP1091818A1
EP1091818A1 EP99922255A EP99922255A EP1091818A1 EP 1091818 A1 EP1091818 A1 EP 1091818A1 EP 99922255 A EP99922255 A EP 99922255A EP 99922255 A EP99922255 A EP 99922255A EP 1091818 A1 EP1091818 A1 EP 1091818A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
housing
molten metal
mold
joint plane
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99922255A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1091818B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Daussan
Gérard Daussan
André Daussan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Daussan SAS
Original Assignee
Daussan SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daussan SAS filed Critical Daussan SAS
Publication of EP1091818A1 publication Critical patent/EP1091818A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1091818B1 publication Critical patent/EP1091818B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/086—Filters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for preparing a casting mold comprising at least one molding cavity adapted to receive molten metal directed towards said cavity by at least one pouring funnel opening into a pouring channel extending downstream of the pouring funnel to said cavity, this process being implemented on an automatic casting machine and comprising a step of preparing two mold halves and a step of assembling the two mold halves along a plane substantially vertical joint.
  • molds are deposited on a closed circuit conveyor on which the molds pass successively through stations for preparing the two mold halves, for assembling these two halves along a substantially vertical joint plane, pouring molten metal into the mold thus formed, solidifying the metal poured inside the mold, disassembling the mold to release the cast part or the cast parts.
  • the method of the aforementioned type is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • a recess is formed in a first half of the mold forming a pouring funnel extending to the joint plane;
  • - It is arranged at the joint plane, at the periphery of said recess, a housing substantially parallel to said joint plane and having at its upper part an upper opening, said housing having, parallel to said joint plane, predetermined dimensions larger than those of said funnel and, in the direction perpendicular to said joint plane, a predetermined thickness;
  • a second recess is arranged in the second half of the mold, having a opening of dimensions smaller than the corresponding dimensions of the housing, this recess being closed at its upper part and communicating downstream with a pouring channel; - The two mold halves are assembled along the joint plane;
  • a filter which has dimensions substantially smaller than the corresponding predetermined dimensions of the housing, and which is suitable for filtering molten metal so that molten metal poured into the funnel crosses said filter and is then channeled through the second recess to the pouring channel.
  • the housing in the first mold half is open at the top and allows easy and reliable introduction of the filter into the upper opening of said housing.
  • This housing is closed at its periphery by the edges defining the opening of the recess of the second mold half.
  • molten metal enters the funnel, this molten metal presses the filter against the second mold half.
  • the filter is thus applied in a substantially airtight manner against the edges of the opening of this second mold half, which forces the molten metal to pass through the filter to be filtered before reaching the molding cavity.
  • We thus manage to provide a passage for molten metal allowing a filter to be introduced through this passage without disturbing the operation of an automatic casting machine.
  • This introduction of the filter can be carried out either during any waiting time of the mold, for example during the duration, a few seconds, of the casting of molten metal in one of the preceding molds, even during displacement of the mold.
  • the vibrations of a movement can further facilitate this introduction of the filter.
  • the housing and the filter are given, in cross section by a plane parallel to the joint plane, respective complementary contours shaped so as to automatically center the filter relative to the housing, for example contours trapezoid-shaped with its small base at the bottom.
  • a filter comprising a series of at least two filter plates of refractory material defining between two adjacent plates a corresponding cavity, these plates each comprising a series of holes allowing the passage and filtration of the metal in melting, at least one of the cavities containing a material for treating the molten metal in the form of a compressed, sintered or molded plate, the plate of treatment material having a shape such that, viewed in the direction of passage of the molten metal it leaves on each filter plate at least one region not covered with filtration holes not blocked by said plate to allow the molten metal having penetrated into the cavity to come into contact with the material for processing the plate and to flow around said plate then through the filtration holes of the second filter plate.
  • Such a filter is known, in particular from EP-A-0 578 517 and FR 98 01 634 in the name of the applicant.
  • the cavity formed between the two plates is filled with molten metal substantially at the same time as the funnel, which weighs down the filter. This weighing down of the filter, combined with the fact that the molten metal present in the funnel presses the filter against the edges of the second recess, so that there is no risk of the filter rising up under the effect of ferrostatic pressure. .
  • the molten metal is not only filtered but also treated under excellent conditions of reliability and homogeneity of the treatment.
  • the molten metal casting mold according to the present invention comprising at least one molding cavity adapted to receive molten metal directed towards said cavity by at least one pouring funnel opening into a channel extending downstream from the funnel to said cavity, a filter being interposed on the passage of molten metal, is characterized in that said mold has been prepared by implementing the method according to the first aspect of the 'invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial sectional view, along a plane perpendicular to the joint plane, of a casting mold according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • - Figure 2 is a top view of the mold of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view along III-III in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view along IV-IV in Figure 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along V-V in Figure 6 of an embodiment of a filter used in the mold of Figures 1 to 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view along VI-VI in Figure 5 of the filter shown in said figure
  • FIG. 7 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8A and 8B are half-views juxtaposed in section respectively along VIIIA-VIIIA and VIIIB-VIIIB in Figure 7;
  • - Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 7 of another embodiment of the invention.
  • - Figure 10 is a sectional view along X-X in Figure 9, the filter not being shown for clarity of the figure;
  • Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a partial sectional view along XII-XII in Figure 11;
  • - Figure 13 is a partial sectional view along XIII-XIII in Figure 11; - Figure 14 is a top view of the embodiment of Figure 11; - Figure 15 is an enlarged schematic view of a detail of Figure 14.
  • a casting mold 1 comprising at least one molding cavity 60 (see FIG. 11) adapted to receive molten metal which is directed towards said cavity 60 by at least one funnel 2 for casting opening into a channel
  • Such a mold 1 adapted to be prepared on an automatic casting machine in closed circuit, for example a machine of the type " DISAMATIC "®, consists of two mold halves 1a, 1b, which are assembled one against the other along a substantially vertical joint plane 4.
  • the method for preparing a casting mold 1 is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
  • a recess 2 is formed in a first half of the mold 1 forming a pouring funnel 2 extending to the joint plane 4;
  • a housing 5 substantially parallel to the joint plane 4 and having at its upper part an upper opening 6, the housing 5 having, parallel to the plane of joint 4, predetermined dimensions larger than those of said funnel 2 and, in the direction 7 perpendicular to the joint plane 4, a predetermined thickness; - one arranges in the second half lb of the mold
  • a filter 12 which has dimensions substantially smaller than the corresponding predetermined dimensions of the housing 5 and which is adapted to filter molten metal, so that molten metal poured into the funnel 2, passes through the filter 12 and is then channeled through the second recess 8 towards the pouring channel 3.
  • the filter 12 is any known filter, such a filter made of refractory material (ceramic) with holes for the passage of molten metal.
  • the dimensions of the housing and those of the filter are predetermined to take account of the manufacturing tolerances and the clearances necessary to allow easy and reliable introduction of the filter 12 into the housing 5.
  • the funnel 2 is preferably defined to direct the molten metal over the entire width and substantially the entire height of the filtering zone of the filter, for example the zone pierced with holes for the passage of molten metal.
  • the second recess 8 alone constitutes a first section of the pouring channel 3 and extends substantially vertically downward beyond the lower seat 10 of the housing 5. It opens into a second section 11 of the pouring channel which is arranged at least partially in the first half 1a of the mold 1, and which is adapted to direct molten metal towards the molding cavity 60 of the mold 1.
  • the second section 11 could also extend horizontally on one side, or on each side, from the second housing 8, or in any direction and in any direction, towards said cavity.
  • the second section 11 of the pouring channel 3 can obviously be arranged astride the two halves 1a, 1b of the mold 1 on either side of the joint plane 4.
  • the housing 5 and the filter 12 are given, in cross section by a plane parallel to the joint plane 4, respective complementary contours shaped so as to center automatically the filter 12 relative to the housing 5.
  • the filter 12 is given, in cross section by a plane parallel to the joint plane 4, a contour having the shape of a trapezoid having its small base in the lower part.
  • This substantially trapezoidal shape can be limited to the lower part of the housing 5 and of the filter 12. The same can be done for the housing 5.
  • Such a concave seat may have a rounded shape, or a re-entrant dihedral shape, as shown schematically in 13a in FIG. 3.
  • the essential condition to be respected is that the filter is positioned automatically inside the housing 5, with sufficient precision so that the filter 12, pressed against the peripheral edges of the opening 9 of the second recess 8, covers by its peripheral contour all the edges of the opening 9 to force all the molten metal poured into the funnel 2 to pass through the filter 12 to then be directed by the first section 8 and by the second section 11 of the pouring channel 3 towards the molding cavity, as shown diagrammatically by the arrow 31 in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows in solid lines the respective contours of the housing 5 and of the filter 12, and in dashed lines the contour of the funnel 2 at the level of the housing 5.
  • the lower edges 5a, 12a are thus shown, lateral 5b, 5c; 12b, 12c and upper 12d respectively of the housing 5 and of the filter 12, on their faces parallel to the joint plane 4.
  • the filter 12 has its lateral edges 12b, 12c guided on one side by the corresponding edge 5b, 5c of the housing 5, on the other side by the corresponding edge 9b, 9c of the second recess 9.
  • edges 12b, 12c, 12d of the filter are pressed against the corresponding edges 9b, 9c, 9d of the opening 9 of the second recess 8, while its seat 13 rests over its entire length on the seat 10 of the housing 5, so as to force all the molten metal to pass through the filter 12.
  • a filter 12 comprising a series of at least two filter plates 14, 15 made of refractory material defining between two adjacent plates 14, 15 a corresponding cavity 16.
  • These filter plates 14, 15 each have a series of filter holes 17 allowing the passage and filtration of the molten metal, at least one of the cavities 16 containing a material for treating the molten metal.
  • the plates 14, 15 are for example ceramic plates baked in the oven, in particular around 1400 ° C., if the metal to be treated is cast iron or steel.
  • a treatment material is used in the form of a compressed, sintered or molded plate 18, the plate 18 of treatment material having a shape such that, seen in the direction 19 of the flow of molten metal, it leaves on each filter plate 14, 15 at least one region 20 not covered comprising filter holes 17 not closed by said plate 18 to allow the molten metal having penetrated into the cavity 16, passing through the first filter plate 14, to come into contact with the material for treating the wafer 18 and to flow around said wafer 18, then through the filtration holes 17 of the second filter plate 15.
  • the treatment material is usually chosen from desulphurizers, thermogens, inoculants, spheroidizers, vermiculants, recarburants, refiners, modifiers, and addition alloys.
  • a weight of treatment material of between 0.001% and approximately 2% of the weight of the molten metal to be treated is used.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show, by way of nonlimiting examples, in the left half of these two figures, a plate of substantially octagonal section which leaves in each of the four corners of the cavity 16 an uncovered region 20 comprising non-covered filtration holes 17, shown in solid lines in FIG. 6.
  • This octagonal plate may have in its center a hole 21 of any diameter. There is shown, in the right part of FIGS. 5 and 6, a plate of substantially circular section also leaving in each of the four corners of the cavity 16 an uncovered region 20.
  • the circular section plate may also have, for example in its center, a hole (not shown) of any diameter.
  • each of the filter plates 14, 15 has on one side a peripheral flange 22, and the two plates 14, 15 are joined to one another along their respective peripheral flanges 22, after insertion of the plate 18 into the cavity, by a seal 23.
  • the housing 5 and / or the mold 1 are provided with means for creating frictional forces opposing the Archimedes thrust exerted by the molten metal on the filter 12 when said molten metal press the filter 12 against the edges 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d of the opening 9.
  • the housing 5 extends substantially vertically, along a plane 33 inclined downward and downstream, in the direction 19 of passage of the molten metal, a small angle A predetermined with respect to the vertical plane.
  • the lower end 5a of the housing 5 is more advanced in the direction 19 than the upper end 5d of said housing.
  • the housing 5 is, at least in its lower part, formed in the second half lb of the mold 1.
  • this housing 5 is arranged so as to facilitate the production of the two halves la, 1b of the mold 1, while allowing the edges of the filter 12 to rest on the edges of the opening 9 under the thrust of the molten metal poured into the funnel 2.
  • the angle A is for example approximately 7 ° to 8 ° relative to the vertical.
  • the thrust 34 directed substantially horizontally, exerted by the molten metal on the inlet face 35 of the filter 12 has a component 36 perpendicular to this inlet face 35 which supports the filter 12 against the edges of the opening 9, and a component 37 parallel to this entry face and directed downwards, which presses the filter 12 against the lower seat 10.
  • the opening 9 is limited in its lower part by a dam 41 whose face facing the filter 12 forms the lower edge 9a on which the lower edge 12a of the filter rests.
  • the second half lb of the mold 1 has a central tongue 38 extending from the rear face 39 of the second recess 8 in the direction opposite to the direction 19 of passage of the metal, and having a front face 40 on which the filter 12 rests, over the entire height or any part of the height of the recess 8.
  • the tongue 38 thus separates the second recess 8 into two parts 8a, 8b which extend in any way, either in a single channel 11 directed downwards, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 9, or in two separate channels (not shown ) extending in any way towards a single molding cavity or towards several distinct molding cavities.
  • the bearing face 40 of the tongue 38 is in the plane comprising the edges 9a to 9d of the opening 9, and constitutes not only a bearing surface, but also an additional friction surface between the filter 12 and the mold 1.
  • one has at least one, in the present case, each of the substantially vertical longitudinal walls 51, 52 of the housing 5 a convex part 53, 54 projecting towards the interior of said housing 5 towards the other wall 52, 51, so as to create a slight constriction adapted to guide and center the lower part of the filter 12 which passes through this constriction during the introduction of said filter 12 into the housing 5.
  • the convex parts 53, 54 have their respective upper faces 53a, 54a which forms a progressive angle with the corresponding wall 51, 52, so as to cooperate with the necessarily rounded angles of the lower corners 55, 56 of the filter 12 to ensure progressive guiding then a progressive tightening of said filter as said filter penetrates deeper into the cavity 5.
  • the dam 41 constituting the lower edge 9a of the opening 9 on which the lower edge 12a of the filter 12 is supported in this example consists of a bridge 42 formed in the lower part of the recess 8 over all or part of the width occupied by the holes of the filter 12, and extending in direction 19 to the bottom of the recess 8 which is separated into two channels.
  • FIGS. 11 to 15 show curved portions 53, 54 in the case of a vertical housing 5. It is obviously possible to provide these curved parts in the case of an inclined housing of the type shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, and to associate these curved parts at will with a dam 41 and / or a tongue 38.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method which consists in providing in the mould (1) first half (1a) a recess (2) forming a pouring cup (2) emerging at the joint face (4), in a housing (5) having in its upper part a top opening (6); providing in the mould (1) second half (1b) a second recess (8) having at the joint face (4) an opening with smaller dimensions than the housing corresponding dimensions; in assembling the two half-moulds (1a, 1b) along the joint face (4) and inserting in the housing (5), substantially vertically through the top opening (6) thereof, a filter (12) for filtering the melting metal.

Description

Procédé pour préparer un moule de coulée Process for preparing a casting mold
La présente invention concerne un procédé pour préparer un moule de coulée comprenant au moins une cavité de moulage adaptée à recevoir du métal en fusion dirigé vers ladite cavité par au moins un entonnoir de coulée débouchant dans un chenal de coulée s' étendant en aval de l'entonnoir de coulée jusqu'à ladite cavité, ce procédé étant mis en œuvre sur une machine automatique de coulée et comportant une étape de préparation de deux moitiés de moule et une étape d'assemblage des deux moitiés de moule le long d'un plan de joint sensiblement vertical .The present invention relates to a method for preparing a casting mold comprising at least one molding cavity adapted to receive molten metal directed towards said cavity by at least one pouring funnel opening into a pouring channel extending downstream of the pouring funnel to said cavity, this process being implemented on an automatic casting machine and comprising a step of preparing two mold halves and a step of assembling the two mold halves along a plane substantially vertical joint.
On connaît des machines automatiques de coulée de métal en fusion, par exemple des machines disponibles sur le marché sous la marque déposée « DISAMATIC » ®.Automatic machines for casting molten metal are known, for example machines available on the market under the registered trademark "DISAMATIC" ®.
Sur une telle machine, des moules sont déposés sur un transporteur en circuit fermé sur lequel les moules passent successivement dans des stations de préparation des deux moitiés de moule, d'assemblage de ces deux moitiés le long d'un plan de joint sensiblement vertical, de coulée de métal en fusion dans le moule ainsi constitué, de solidification du métal coulé à l'intérieur du moule, de désassemblage du moule pour libérer la pièce coulée ou les pièces coulées.On such a machine, molds are deposited on a closed circuit conveyor on which the molds pass successively through stations for preparing the two mold halves, for assembling these two halves along a substantially vertical joint plane, pouring molten metal into the mold thus formed, solidifying the metal poured inside the mold, disassembling the mold to release the cast part or the cast parts.
De nombreux essais ont été effectués pour tenter d'interposer un filtre sur le passage du métal en fusion pour filtrer ce métal en fusion avant son arrivée dans la cavité de moulage. Lorsqu'il s'agit de mouler des pièces creuses, il est nécessaire de mettre en place au moins un noyau dans la cavité de moulage. Cette opération de mise en place du noyau est relativement longue et délicate. Il est facile d'installer en même temps un filtre sur le passage du métal en fusion dans le chenal de coulée qui est en général disposé à cheval sur les deux moitiés du moule.Numerous tests have been carried out in an attempt to interpose a filter on the passage of the molten metal to filter this molten metal before it arrives in the mold cavity. When it comes to molding hollow parts, it is necessary to place at least one core in the molding cavity. This operation of placing the core is relatively long and delicate. It is easy to install a filter at the same time on the passage of molten metal in the runner which is generally placed astride the two halves of the mold.
Au contraire, lorsqu' aucun noyau n'est nécessaire, les opérations de préparation des deux moitiés de moule sont très rapides, de sorte que toutes les tentatives pour installer un filtre ont donné des résultats négatifs, la mise en place d'un filtre apportant plus d' inconvénients au niveau des perturbations du cycle de fonctionnement de la machine automatique de coulée que d'avantages au niveau de l'amélioration de la structure interne du métal coulé. En d'autres termes, les industriels préfèrent privilégier la productivité de la machine automatique de coulée au prix d'un pourcentage important de pièces rebutées pour défauts au niveau de la qualité du métal.On the contrary, when no core is required, the operations for preparing the two mold halves are very rapid, so that all attempts to install a filter have given negative results, the installation of a filter providing more disadvantages in terms of disturbances in the operating cycle of the automatic casting machine than advantages in terms of improving the internal structure of the cast metal. In other words, manufacturers prefer to favor the productivity of the automatic casting machine at the cost of a large percentage of parts rejected for defects in the quality of the metal.
Il existe donc un besoin pour un procédé du type précité permettant d'introduire un filtre sur le passage du métal coulé sans pratiquement diminuer la productivité d'une machine automatique de coulée de métal en fusion.There is therefore a need for a method of the aforementioned type making it possible to introduce a filter on the passage of the cast metal without practically reducing the productivity of an automatic machine for casting molten metal.
Suivant la présente invention, le procédé du type précité est caractérisé en ce qu' il comporte les étapes suivantes :According to the present invention, the method of the aforementioned type is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- on aménage dans une première moitié du moule un évidement formant entonnoir de coulée s 'étendant jusqu'au plan de joint ;- A recess is formed in a first half of the mold forming a pouring funnel extending to the joint plane;
- on aménage au niveau du plan de joint, à la périphérie dudit évidement, un logement sensiblement parallèle audit plan de joint et présentant à sa partie supérieure une ouverture supérieure, ledit logement ayant, parallèlement audit plan de joint, des dimensions prédéterminées plus grandes que celles dudit entonnoir et, dans la direction perpendiculaire audit plan de joint, une épaisseur prédéterminée ; - on aménage dans la seconde moitié de moule un second évidement ayant au niveau du plan de joint une ouverture de dimensions inférieures aux dimensions correspondantes du logement, cet évidement étant fermé à sa partie supérieure et communiquant vers l'aval avec un chenal de coulée; - on assemble les deux moitiés de moule le long du plan de joint;- It is arranged at the joint plane, at the periphery of said recess, a housing substantially parallel to said joint plane and having at its upper part an upper opening, said housing having, parallel to said joint plane, predetermined dimensions larger than those of said funnel and, in the direction perpendicular to said joint plane, a predetermined thickness; - A second recess is arranged in the second half of the mold, having a opening of dimensions smaller than the corresponding dimensions of the housing, this recess being closed at its upper part and communicating downstream with a pouring channel; - The two mold halves are assembled along the joint plane;
- on introduit dans le logement, sensiblement verticalement à travers l'ouverture supérieure de celui- ci, un filtre qui a des dimensions sensiblement inférieures aux dimensions prédéterminées correspondantes du logement, et qui est adapté à filtrer du métal en fusion de façon telle que du métal en fusion versé dans l'entonnoir traverse ledit filtre puis est canalisé par le second évidement vers le chenal de coulée.- Is introduced into the housing, substantially vertically through the upper opening thereof, a filter which has dimensions substantially smaller than the corresponding predetermined dimensions of the housing, and which is suitable for filtering molten metal so that molten metal poured into the funnel crosses said filter and is then channeled through the second recess to the pouring channel.
Le logement ménagé dans la première moitié de moule est ouvert vers le haut et permet une introduction facile et de manière fiable du filtre dans l'ouverture supérieure dudit logement. Ce logement se trouve fermé à sa périphérie par les bords définissant l'ouverture de 1' évidement de la seconde moitié de moule. Lorsque du métal en fusion arrive dans l'entonnoir, ce métal en fusion presse le filtre contre la seconde moitié de moule. Le filtre est ainsi appliqué de manière sensiblement étanche contre les bords de l'ouverture de cette seconde moitié de moule, ce qui oblige le métal en fusion à traverser le filtre pour être filtré avant de parvenir dans la cavité de moulage. On arrive ainsi à ménager un passage pour le métal en fusion permettant d'introduire un filtre à travers ce passage sans perturber le fonctionnement d'une machine automatique de coulée .The housing in the first mold half is open at the top and allows easy and reliable introduction of the filter into the upper opening of said housing. This housing is closed at its periphery by the edges defining the opening of the recess of the second mold half. When molten metal enters the funnel, this molten metal presses the filter against the second mold half. The filter is thus applied in a substantially airtight manner against the edges of the opening of this second mold half, which forces the molten metal to pass through the filter to be filtered before reaching the molding cavity. We thus manage to provide a passage for molten metal allowing a filter to be introduced through this passage without disturbing the operation of an automatic casting machine.
Cette introduction du filtre peut s'effectuer soit pendant un temps d'attente quelconque du moule, par exemple pendant la durée, quelques secondes, de la coulée de métal en fusion dans l'un des moules précédents, soit même pendant un déplacement du moule.This introduction of the filter can be carried out either during any waiting time of the mold, for example during the duration, a few seconds, of the casting of molten metal in one of the preceding molds, even during displacement of the mold.
En effet, le jeu est suffisant entre les parois de l' évidement et celles du filtre, pour éliminer toutThere is sufficient clearance between the walls of the recess and those of the filter to eliminate any
1 risque de coincement du filtre lors de son introduction, les vibrations d'un déplacement pouvant encore faciliter cette introduction du filtre.1 risk of jamming of the filter during its introduction, the vibrations of a movement can further facilitate this introduction of the filter.
Par ailleurs, l'homme du métier était dissuadé de prévoir la mise en place d'un filtre en position sensiblement verticale sans aucun moyen pour empêcher une éventuelle remontée de ce filtre dont la densité est très inférieure à celle du métal en fusion, sous l'effet de la pression ferrostatique.Furthermore, a person skilled in the art was dissuaded from providing for the installation of a filter in a substantially vertical position without any means to prevent a possible rise of this filter, the density of which is much lower than that of the molten metal, under the effect of ferrostatic pressure.
En fait, l'expérience a confirmé que, dès le début du versement du métal en fusion dans l'entonnoir, ce métal en fusion presse le filtre contre les bords du second évidement, de sorte que les frottements contre ces bords empêchent tout déplacement du filtre.In fact, experience has confirmed that, from the start of pouring the molten metal into the funnel, this molten metal presses the filter against the edges of the second recess, so that the friction against these edges prevents any displacement of the filtered.
Suivant une version avantageuse de l'invention, on donne au logement et au filtre, en section transversale par un plan parallèle au plan de joint, des contours respectifs complémentaires conformés de manière à centrer automatiquement le filtre par rapport au logement, par exemple des contours en forme de trapèze ayant sa petite base en partie inférieure.According to an advantageous version of the invention, the housing and the filter are given, in cross section by a plane parallel to the joint plane, respective complementary contours shaped so as to automatically center the filter relative to the housing, for example contours trapezoid-shaped with its small base at the bottom.
Selon un mode de réalisation préféré, on utilise un filtre comprenant une série d'au moins deux plaques filtrantes en matière réfractaire définissant entre deux plaques adjacentes une cavité correspondante, ces plaques comportant chacune une série de trous permettant le passage et la filtration du métal en fusion, l'une au moins des cavités contenant un matériau de traitement du métal en fusion sous la forme d'une plaquette comprimée, frittée ou moulée, la plaquette de matériau de traitement ayant une forme telle que, vue dans le sens de passage du métal en fusion, elle laisse sur chaque plaque filtrante au moins une région non recouverte comportant des trous de filtration non obturés par ladite plaquette pour permettre au métal en fusion ayant pénétré dans la cavité de venir en contact avec le matériau de traitement de la plaquette et de s'écouler autour de ladite plaquette puis par les trous de filtration de la seconde plaque filtrante.According to a preferred embodiment, a filter is used comprising a series of at least two filter plates of refractory material defining between two adjacent plates a corresponding cavity, these plates each comprising a series of holes allowing the passage and filtration of the metal in melting, at least one of the cavities containing a material for treating the molten metal in the form of a compressed, sintered or molded plate, the plate of treatment material having a shape such that, viewed in the direction of passage of the molten metal it leaves on each filter plate at least one region not covered with filtration holes not blocked by said plate to allow the molten metal having penetrated into the cavity to come into contact with the material for processing the plate and to flow around said plate then through the filtration holes of the second filter plate.
Un tel filtre est connu, notamment d'après le EP-A-0 578 517 et le FR 98 01 634 au nom de la demanderesse.Such a filter is known, in particular from EP-A-0 578 517 and FR 98 01 634 in the name of the applicant.
La cavité ménagée entre les deux plaques se remplit de métal en fusion sensiblement en même temps que l'entonnoir, ce qui alourdit le filtre. Cet alourdissement du filtre, combiné au fait que le métal en fusion présent dans l'entonnoir presse le filtre contre les bords du second évidement, fait qu'il n'y a aucun risque de remontée du filtre sous l'effet de la pression ferrostatique.The cavity formed between the two plates is filled with molten metal substantially at the same time as the funnel, which weighs down the filter. This weighing down of the filter, combined with the fact that the molten metal present in the funnel presses the filter against the edges of the second recess, so that there is no risk of the filter rising up under the effect of ferrostatic pressure. .
En outre, le métal en fusion est non seulement filtré mais également traité dans d' excellentes conditions de fiabilité et d'homogénéité du traitement.In addition, the molten metal is not only filtered but also treated under excellent conditions of reliability and homogeneity of the treatment.
Suivant un autre aspect de l'invention, le moule de coulée de métal en fusion suivant la présente invention, comprenant au moins une cavité de moulage adaptée à recevoir du métal en fusion dirigé vers ladite cavité par au moins un entonnoir de coulée débouchant dans un chenal s'étendant en aval de l'entonnoir jusqu'à ladite cavité, un filtre étant interposé sur le passage du métal en fusion, est caractérisé en ce que ledit moule a été préparé par mise en œuvre du procédé selon le premier aspect de l'invention.According to another aspect of the invention, the molten metal casting mold according to the present invention, comprising at least one molding cavity adapted to receive molten metal directed towards said cavity by at least one pouring funnel opening into a channel extending downstream from the funnel to said cavity, a filter being interposed on the passage of molten metal, is characterized in that said mold has been prepared by implementing the method according to the first aspect of the 'invention.
D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront dans la description détaillée ci-après. Aux dessins annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemples non limitatifs : - la figure 1 est une vue partielle en coupe, suivant un plan perpendiculaire au plan de joint, d'un moule de coulée selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention ; - la figure 2 est une vue de dessus du moule de la figure 1 ;Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear in the detailed description below. In the accompanying drawings, given solely by way of nonlimiting examples: - Figure 1 is a partial sectional view, along a plane perpendicular to the joint plane, of a casting mold according to an embodiment of the present invention; - Figure 2 is a top view of the mold of Figure 1;
- la figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe suivant III-III à la figure 1 ;- Figure 3 is a partial sectional view along III-III in Figure 1;
- la figure 4 est une vue partielle en coupe suivant IV-IV à la figure 1 ;- Figure 4 is a partial sectional view along IV-IV in Figure 1;
- la figure 5 est une vue en coupe, suivant V-V à la figure 6 d'un mode de réalisation d'un filtre utilisable dans le moule des figures 1 à 4 ;- Figure 5 is a sectional view along V-V in Figure 6 of an embodiment of a filter used in the mold of Figures 1 to 4;
- la figure 6 est une vue en coupe, suivant VI- VI à la figure 5 du filtre représenté à ladite figure- Figure 6 is a sectional view along VI-VI in Figure 5 of the filter shown in said figure
5 ;5;
- la figure 7 est une vue semblable à la figure 1 représentant un autre mode de réalisation de la présente invention ; - les figures 8A et 8B sont des demi-vues juxtaposées en coupe respectivement suivant VIIIA-VIIIA et VIIIB-VIIIB à la figure 7 ;- Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing another embodiment of the present invention; - Figures 8A and 8B are half-views juxtaposed in section respectively along VIIIA-VIIIA and VIIIB-VIIIB in Figure 7;
- la figure 9 est une vue semblable à la figure 7 d'un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention ; - la figure 10 est une vue en coupe suivant X-X à la figure 9, le filtre n'étant pas représenté pour la clarté de la figure ;- Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 7 of another embodiment of the invention; - Figure 10 is a sectional view along X-X in Figure 9, the filter not being shown for clarity of the figure;
- la figure 11 est une vue semblable à la figure 1 représentant un autre mode de réalisation de la présente invention ;- Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 1 showing another embodiment of the present invention;
- la figure 12 est une vue partielle en coupe suivant XII-XII à la figure 11 ;- Figure 12 is a partial sectional view along XII-XII in Figure 11;
- la figure 13 est une vue partielle en coupe suivant XIII-XIII à la figure 11 ; - la figure 14 est une vue de dessus du mode de réalisation de la figure 11 ; - la figure 15 est une vue schématique agrandie d'un détail de la figure 14.- Figure 13 is a partial sectional view along XIII-XIII in Figure 11; - Figure 14 is a top view of the embodiment of Figure 11; - Figure 15 is an enlarged schematic view of a detail of Figure 14.
On a représenté schématiquement aux figures 1 àSchematically shown in Figures 1 to
4 un moule 1 de coulée comprenant au moins une cavité de moulage 60 (voir figure 11) adaptée à recevoir du métal en fusion qui est dirigé vers ladite cavité 60 par au moins un entonnoir 2 de coulée débouchant dans un chenal4 a casting mold 1 comprising at least one molding cavity 60 (see FIG. 11) adapted to receive molten metal which is directed towards said cavity 60 by at least one funnel 2 for casting opening into a channel
3 de coulée s' étendant en aval de l'entonnoir de coulée 2 jusqu'à ladite cavité de moulage 60. Un tel moule 1, adapté à être préparé sur une machine automatique de coulée en circuit fermé, par exemple une machine du type « DISAMATIC » ®, est constitué de deux moitiés de moule la, lb, qui sont assemblées l'une contre l'autre le long d'un plan de joint 4 sensiblement vertical.3 of casting extending downstream of the casting funnel 2 to said molding cavity 60. Such a mold 1, adapted to be prepared on an automatic casting machine in closed circuit, for example a machine of the type " DISAMATIC "®, consists of two mold halves 1a, 1b, which are assembled one against the other along a substantially vertical joint plane 4.
Suivant l'invention, le procédé pour préparer un moule de coulée 1 est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes :According to the invention, the method for preparing a casting mold 1 is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
- on aménage dans une première moitié la du moule 1 un évidement 2 formant entonnoir de coulée 2 s' étendant jusqu'au plan de joint 4 ;- A recess 2 is formed in a first half of the mold 1 forming a pouring funnel 2 extending to the joint plane 4;
- on aménage au niveau du plan de joint 4, à la périphérie de l' évidement 2, un logement 5 sensiblement parallèle au plan de joint 4 et présentant à sa partie supérieure une ouverture supérieure 6, le logement 5 ayant, parallèlement au plan de joint 4, des dimensions prédéterminées plus grandes que celles dudit entonnoir 2 et, dans la direction 7 perpendiculaire au plan de joint 4, une épaisseur prédéterminée ; - on aménage dans la seconde moitié lb du moule- There is provided at the joint plane 4, at the periphery of the recess 2, a housing 5 substantially parallel to the joint plane 4 and having at its upper part an upper opening 6, the housing 5 having, parallel to the plane of joint 4, predetermined dimensions larger than those of said funnel 2 and, in the direction 7 perpendicular to the joint plane 4, a predetermined thickness; - one arranges in the second half lb of the mold
1 un second évidement 8 ayant au niveau du plan de joint1 a second recess 8 having at the joint plane
4 une ouverture 9 de dimensions inférieures aux dimensions correspondantes du logement 5, cet évidement 8 étant fermé à sa partie supérieure et communiquant vers l'aval avec un chenal de coulée 3 ; - on assemble les deux moitiés de moule la, lb le long du plan de joint 4 ;4 an opening 9 of dimensions smaller than the corresponding dimensions of the housing 5, this recess 8 being closed at its upper part and communicating downstream with a pouring channel 3; - Assembling the two mold halves la, lb along the joint plane 4;
- on introduit dans le logement 5, sensiblement verticalement à travers l'ouverture supérieure 6 de celui-ci, un filtre 12 qui a des dimensions sensiblement inférieures aux dimensions prédéterminées correspondantes du logement 5 et qui est adapté à filtrer du métal en fusion, de façon telle que du métal en fusion versé dans l'entonnoir 2, traverse le filtre 12 puis est canalisé par le second évidement 8 vers le chenal de coulée 3.- Is introduced into the housing 5, substantially vertically through the upper opening 6 thereof, a filter 12 which has dimensions substantially smaller than the corresponding predetermined dimensions of the housing 5 and which is adapted to filter molten metal, so that molten metal poured into the funnel 2, passes through the filter 12 and is then channeled through the second recess 8 towards the pouring channel 3.
Le filtre 12 est un filtre connu quelconque, par exemple ' un filtre en matière réfractaire (céramique) percé de trous pour le passage du métal en fusion. Les dimensions du logement et celles du filtre sont prédéterminées pour tenir compte des tolérances de fabrication et des jeux nécessaires pour permettre une introduction facile et fiable du filtre 12 dans le logement 5. L'entonnoir 2 est de préférence défini pour diriger le métal en fusion sur toute la largeur et sensiblement toute la hauteur de la zone filtrante du filtre, par exemple la zone percée de trous pour le passage du métal en fusion. Dans l'exemple représenté aux figures 1 à 4, le second évidement 8 constitue à lui seul un premier tronçon du chenal de coulée 3 et s'étend sensiblement verticalement vers le bas au-delà de l'assise inférieure 10 du logement 5. Il débouche dans un second tronçon 11 du chenal de coulée qui est aménagé au moins en partie dans la première moitié la du moule 1, et qui est adapté à diriger du métal en fusion vers la cavité de moulage 60 du moule 1.The filter 12 is any known filter, such a filter made of refractory material (ceramic) with holes for the passage of molten metal. The dimensions of the housing and those of the filter are predetermined to take account of the manufacturing tolerances and the clearances necessary to allow easy and reliable introduction of the filter 12 into the housing 5. The funnel 2 is preferably defined to direct the molten metal over the entire width and substantially the entire height of the filtering zone of the filter, for example the zone pierced with holes for the passage of molten metal. In the example shown in Figures 1 to 4, the second recess 8 alone constitutes a first section of the pouring channel 3 and extends substantially vertically downward beyond the lower seat 10 of the housing 5. It opens into a second section 11 of the pouring channel which is arranged at least partially in the first half 1a of the mold 1, and which is adapted to direct molten metal towards the molding cavity 60 of the mold 1.
Le second tronçon 11 pourrait également s'étendre horizontalement d'un côté, ou de chaque côté, du second logement 8, ou suivant un tracé et une direction quelconques, vers ladite cavité.The second section 11 could also extend horizontally on one side, or on each side, from the second housing 8, or in any direction and in any direction, towards said cavity.
Le second tronçon 11 du chenal de coulée 3 peut évidemment être ménagé à cheval sur les deux moitiés la, lb du moule 1 de part et d'autre du plan de joint 4.The second section 11 of the pouring channel 3 can obviously be arranged astride the two halves 1a, 1b of the mold 1 on either side of the joint plane 4.
Pour faciliter l'introduction et la mise en place du filtre 12 dans le logement 5, on donne au logement 5 et au filtre 12, en section transversale par un plan parallèle au plan de joint 4, des contours respectifs complémentaires conformés de manière à centrer automatiquement le filtre 12 par rapport au logement 5.To facilitate the introduction and the installation of the filter 12 in the housing 5, the housing 5 and the filter 12 are given, in cross section by a plane parallel to the joint plane 4, respective complementary contours shaped so as to center automatically the filter 12 relative to the housing 5.
Comme schématisé à la figure 3, on donne au filtre 12, en section transversale par un plan parallèle au plan de joint 4, un contour ayant la forme d'un trapèze ayant sa petite base en partie inférieure. Cette forme sensiblement trapézoïdale peut être limitée à la partie inférieure du logement 5 et du filtre 12. On peut faire de même pour le logement 5. On peut, en outre ou en variante, donner au logement 5 et au filtre 12, en section transversale par un plan parallèle au plan de joint 4, des contours respectifs complémentaires ayant une assise inférieure respective 10, 13 concave. Une telle assise concave peut avoir une forme arrondie, ou une forme de dièdre rentrant, comme schématisé en 13a à la figure 3.As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3, the filter 12 is given, in cross section by a plane parallel to the joint plane 4, a contour having the shape of a trapezoid having its small base in the lower part. This substantially trapezoidal shape can be limited to the lower part of the housing 5 and of the filter 12. The same can be done for the housing 5. It is possible, in addition or as a variant, to give the housing 5 and the filter 12, in cross section by a plane parallel to the joint plane 4, complementary respective contours having a respective lower seat 10, 13 concave. Such a concave seat may have a rounded shape, or a re-entrant dihedral shape, as shown schematically in 13a in FIG. 3.
La condition essentielle à respecter est que le filtre soit positionné automatiquement à l'intérieur du logement 5, avec une précision suffisante pour que le filtre 12, pressé contre les bords périphériques de l'ouverture 9 du second évidement 8, recouvre par son contour périphérique l'ensemble des bords de l'ouverture 9 pour obliger tout le métal en fusion versé dans l'entonnoir 2 à traverser le filtre 12 pour être dirigé ensuite par le premier tronçon 8 et par le second tronçon 11 du chenal de coulée 3 vers la cavité de moulage, comme schématisé par la flèche 31 à la figure 1.The essential condition to be respected is that the filter is positioned automatically inside the housing 5, with sufficient precision so that the filter 12, pressed against the peripheral edges of the opening 9 of the second recess 8, covers by its peripheral contour all the edges of the opening 9 to force all the molten metal poured into the funnel 2 to pass through the filter 12 to then be directed by the first section 8 and by the second section 11 of the pouring channel 3 towards the molding cavity, as shown diagrammatically by the arrow 31 in FIG. 1.
On a représenté à la figure 3, en traits pleins, les contours respectifs du logement 5 et du filtre 12, et en tirets le contour de l'entonnoir 2 au niveau du logement 5. On fait ainsi apparaître les bords inférieurs 5a, 12a, latéraux 5b, 5c; 12b, 12c et supérieur 12d respectivement du logement 5 et du filtre 12, sur leurs faces parallèles au plan de joint 4.FIG. 3 shows in solid lines the respective contours of the housing 5 and of the filter 12, and in dashed lines the contour of the funnel 2 at the level of the housing 5. The lower edges 5a, 12a are thus shown, lateral 5b, 5c; 12b, 12c and upper 12d respectively of the housing 5 and of the filter 12, on their faces parallel to the joint plane 4.
On a de même représenté à la figure 4, en traits pleins, le contour de l'ouverture 9 du second évidement 8 et en tirets la position correspondante du contour du filtre 12. On fait ainsi apparaître les bords inférieur 9a, latéraux 9b, 9c et supérieur 9d de l'ouverture 9, et les bords inférieur 12a, latéraux 12b, 12c et supérieur 12d du filtre 12, sur leurs faces respectives parallèles au plan de joint 4.We have also shown in Figure 4, in solid lines, the outline of the opening 9 of the second recess 8 and in dashes the corresponding position of the outline of the filter 12. This shows the lower edges 9a, side 9b, 9c and upper 9d of the opening 9, and the lower 12a, lateral 12b, 12c and upper 12d edges of the filter 12, on their respective faces parallel to the joint plane 4.
On constate que lors de son introduction dans le logement 5 par l'ouverture supérieure 6, le filtre 12 a ses bords latéraux 12b, 12c guidés d'un côté par le bord correspondant 5b, 5c du logement 5, de l'autre côté par le bord correspondant 9b, 9c du second évidement 9.It is noted that during its introduction into the housing 5 through the upper opening 6, the filter 12 has its lateral edges 12b, 12c guided on one side by the corresponding edge 5b, 5c of the housing 5, on the other side by the corresponding edge 9b, 9c of the second recess 9.
Pendant la coulée de métal en fusion, les bords 12b, 12c, 12d du filtre sont pressés contre les bords correspondants 9b, 9c, 9d de l'ouverture 9 du second évidement 8, tandis que son assise 13 repose sur toute sa longueur sur l'assise 10 du logement 5, de manière à obliger tout le métal en fusion à traverser le filtre 12.During the casting of molten metal, the edges 12b, 12c, 12d of the filter are pressed against the corresponding edges 9b, 9c, 9d of the opening 9 of the second recess 8, while its seat 13 rests over its entire length on the seat 10 of the housing 5, so as to force all the molten metal to pass through the filter 12.
Dans l'exemple schématisé aux figures 5 et 6, on utilise un filtre 12 comprenant une série d'au moins deux plaques filtrantes 14, 15 en matière réfractaire définissant entre deux plaques adjacentes 14, 15 une cavité 16 correspondante. Ces plaques filtrantes 14, 15 comportent chacune une série de trous de filtration 17 permettant le passage et la filtration du métal en fusion, l'une au moins des cavités 16 contenant un matériau de traitement du métal en fusion. Les plaques 14, 15 sont par exemple des plaques en céramique cuites au four, notamment aux environs de 1400°C, si le métal à traiter est de la fonte ou de l'acier.In the example shown diagrammatically in FIGS. 5 and 6, a filter 12 is used comprising a series of at least two filter plates 14, 15 made of refractory material defining between two adjacent plates 14, 15 a corresponding cavity 16. These filter plates 14, 15 each have a series of filter holes 17 allowing the passage and filtration of the molten metal, at least one of the cavities 16 containing a material for treating the molten metal. The plates 14, 15 are for example ceramic plates baked in the oven, in particular around 1400 ° C., if the metal to be treated is cast iron or steel.
On utilise de préférence un matériau de traitement sous la forme d'une plaquette 18 comprimée, frittée ou moulée, la plaquette 18 de matériau de traitement ayant une forme telle que, vue dans le sens 19 de passage du métal en fusion, elle laisse sur chaque plaque filtrante 14, 15 au moins une région 20 non recouverte comportant des trous de filtration 17 non obturés par ladite plaquette 18 pour permettre au métal en fusion ayant pénétré dans la cavité 16, en traversant la première plaque filtrante 14, de venir en contact avec le matériau de traitement de la plaquette 18 et de s'écouler autour de ladite plaquette 18, puis par les trous de filtration 17 de la seconde plaque filtrante 15.Preferably, a treatment material is used in the form of a compressed, sintered or molded plate 18, the plate 18 of treatment material having a shape such that, seen in the direction 19 of the flow of molten metal, it leaves on each filter plate 14, 15 at least one region 20 not covered comprising filter holes 17 not closed by said plate 18 to allow the molten metal having penetrated into the cavity 16, passing through the first filter plate 14, to come into contact with the material for treating the wafer 18 and to flow around said wafer 18, then through the filtration holes 17 of the second filter plate 15.
On choisit habituellement le matériau de traitement parmi les produits désulfurants, thermogènes, inoculants, sphéroïdisants, vermiculants, recarburants, affinants, modificateurs, et les alliages d'addition. On utilise de façon connue un poids de matériau de traitement compris entre 0,001% environ et 2% environ du poids du métal en fusion à traiter.The treatment material is usually chosen from desulphurizers, thermogens, inoculants, spheroidizers, vermiculants, recarburants, refiners, modifiers, and addition alloys. In a known manner, a weight of treatment material of between 0.001% and approximately 2% of the weight of the molten metal to be treated is used.
On choisit les dimensions de la plaquette 18 parallèlement au plan de joint 4 et l'épaisseur de cette plaquette, de façon telle que le matériau de traitement est absorbé complètement ou sensiblement complètement par le métal liquide pendant toute la durée de coulée du métal en fusion, cette absorption se produisant de façon sensiblement régulière sur toute la durée de cette coulée. On a représenté, aux figures 5 et 6, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, dans la moitié gauche de ces deux figures, une plaquette de section sensiblement octogonale qui laisse dans chacun des quatre coins de la cavité 16 une région non recouverte 20 comportant des trous de filtration 17 non recouverts, représentés en traits pleins à la figure 6.The dimensions of the wafer 18 are chosen parallel to the joint plane 4 and the thickness of this wafer, so that the treatment material is completely or substantially completely absorbed by the liquid metal during the entire casting time of the molten metal. , this absorption occurring substantially regularly over the entire duration of this pouring. FIGS. 5 and 6 show, by way of nonlimiting examples, in the left half of these two figures, a plate of substantially octagonal section which leaves in each of the four corners of the cavity 16 an uncovered region 20 comprising non-covered filtration holes 17, shown in solid lines in FIG. 6.
Cette plaquette octogonale peut présenter en son centre un trou 21 de diamètre quelconque. On a représenté, dans la partie droite des figures 5 et 6, une plaquette de section sensiblement circulaire laissant également dans chacun des quatre coins dé la cavité 16 une région non recouverte 20.This octagonal plate may have in its center a hole 21 of any diameter. There is shown, in the right part of FIGS. 5 and 6, a plate of substantially circular section also leaving in each of the four corners of the cavity 16 an uncovered region 20.
La plaquette de section circulaire peut également présenter, par exemple en son centre, un trou (non représenté) de diamètre quelconque.The circular section plate may also have, for example in its center, a hole (not shown) of any diameter.
Pour la clarté des figures 5 et 6, on n'a représenté qu'une partie des trous de filtration 17, qui ont un diamètre compris avantageusement entre 1,5 et 4 mm, de préférence compris entre 2 et 3mm, de l'ordre de 2,5 mm. Le nombre des trous 17 est évidemment calculé pour que les trous 17 constituent une section totale de passage du métal en fusion compatible avec les impératifs de la coulée. Dans l'exemple représenté à ces figures, chacune des plaques filtrantes 14, 15 présente sur une face un rebord périphérique 22, et les deux plaques 14, 15 sont réunies l'une à l'autre le long de leurs rebords périphériques respectifs 22, après introduction de la plaquette 18 dans la cavité, par un joint 23.For the sake of clarity in FIGS. 5 and 6, only part of the filtration holes 17 have been shown, which have a diameter advantageously between 1.5 and 4 mm, preferably between 2 and 3 mm, of the order 2.5 mm. The number of holes 17 is obviously calculated so that the holes 17 constitute a total cross section of the molten metal compatible with the requirements of casting. In the example shown in these figures, each of the filter plates 14, 15 has on one side a peripheral flange 22, and the two plates 14, 15 are joined to one another along their respective peripheral flanges 22, after insertion of the plate 18 into the cavity, by a seal 23.
Dans les modes de réalisation représentés aux figures 7 à 15, le logement 5 et/ou le moule 1 sont munis de moyens pour créer des forces de frottement s'opposant à la poussée d'Archimède exercée par le métal en fusion sur le filtre 12 lorsque ledit métal en fusion presse le filtre 12 contre les bords 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d de l'ouverture 9.In the embodiments shown in Figures 7 to 15, the housing 5 and / or the mold 1 are provided with means for creating frictional forces opposing the Archimedes thrust exerted by the molten metal on the filter 12 when said molten metal press the filter 12 against the edges 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d of the opening 9.
Dans le mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 7 et 8, le logement 5 s'étend sensiblement verticalement, selon un plan 33 incliné vers le bas et vers l'aval, dans le sens 19 de passage du métal en fusion, d'un petit angle A prédéterminé par rapport au plan vertical.In the embodiment shown in Figures 7 and 8, the housing 5 extends substantially vertically, along a plane 33 inclined downward and downstream, in the direction 19 of passage of the molten metal, a small angle A predetermined with respect to the vertical plane.
En d'autres termes, l'extrémité inférieure 5a du logement 5 est plus avancée dans le sens 19 que l'extrémité supérieure 5d dudit logement.In other words, the lower end 5a of the housing 5 is more advanced in the direction 19 than the upper end 5d of said housing.
Dans l'exemple représenté, le logement 5 est, au moins dans sa partie inférieure, ménagé dans la seconde moitié lb du moule 1. D'une manière générale, ce logement 5 est aménagé de façon à faciliter la réalisation des deux moitiés la, lb du moule 1, tout en permettant un appui des bords du filtre 12 sur les bords de l'ouverture 9 sous la poussée du métal en fusion versé dans l'entonnoir 2.In the example shown, the housing 5 is, at least in its lower part, formed in the second half lb of the mold 1. In general, this housing 5 is arranged so as to facilitate the production of the two halves la, 1b of the mold 1, while allowing the edges of the filter 12 to rest on the edges of the opening 9 under the thrust of the molten metal poured into the funnel 2.
L'angle A est par exemple de 7° à 8° environ par rapport à la verticale.The angle A is for example approximately 7 ° to 8 ° relative to the vertical.
Ainsi, et comme schématisé à la figure 7, la poussée 34 dirigée sensiblement horizontalement, exercée par le métal en fusion sur la face d'entrée 35 du filtre 12 a une composante 36 perpendiculaire à cette face d'entrée 35 qui appuie le filtre 12 contre les bords de l'ouverture 9, et une composante 37 parallèle à cette face d'entrée et dirigée vers le bas, qui presse le filtre 12 contre l'assise inférieure 10.Thus, and as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 7, the thrust 34 directed substantially horizontally, exerted by the molten metal on the inlet face 35 of the filter 12 has a component 36 perpendicular to this inlet face 35 which supports the filter 12 against the edges of the opening 9, and a component 37 parallel to this entry face and directed downwards, which presses the filter 12 against the lower seat 10.
On voit que dans l'exemple de la figure 7, l'ouverture 9 est limitée dans sa partie inférieure par un barrage 41 dont la face tournée vers le filtre 12 forme le bord inférieur 9a sur lequel s'appuie le bord inférieur 12a du filtre 12. Dans la réalisation des figures 9 et 10, la seconde moitié lb du moule 1 présente une languette centrale 38 s' étendant depuis la face arrière 39 du second évidement 8 dans le sens opposé au sens 19 de passage du métal, et présentant une face avant 40 sur laquelle vient s'appuyer le filtre 12, sur toute la hauteur ou une partie quelconque de la hauteur de 1' évidement 8.It can be seen that in the example in FIG. 7, the opening 9 is limited in its lower part by a dam 41 whose face facing the filter 12 forms the lower edge 9a on which the lower edge 12a of the filter rests. 12. In the embodiment of Figures 9 and 10, the second half lb of the mold 1 has a central tongue 38 extending from the rear face 39 of the second recess 8 in the direction opposite to the direction 19 of passage of the metal, and having a front face 40 on which the filter 12 rests, over the entire height or any part of the height of the recess 8.
La languette 38 sépare ainsi le second évidement 8 en deux parties 8a, 8b qui se prolongent d'une manière quelconque, soit en un chenal unique 11 dirigé vers le bas, comme schématisé à la figure 9, soit en deux chenaux séparés (non représentés) s' étendant d'une manière quelconque vers une cavité de moulage unique ou vers plusieurs cavités de moulage distinctes.The tongue 38 thus separates the second recess 8 into two parts 8a, 8b which extend in any way, either in a single channel 11 directed downwards, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 9, or in two separate channels (not shown ) extending in any way towards a single molding cavity or towards several distinct molding cavities.
La face d'appui 40 de la languette 38 est dans le plan comprenant les bords 9a à 9d de l'ouverture 9, et constitue non seulement une surface d'appui, mais également une surface de frottement supplémentaire entre le filtre 12 et le moule 1.The bearing face 40 of the tongue 38 is in the plane comprising the edges 9a to 9d of the opening 9, and constitutes not only a bearing surface, but also an additional friction surface between the filter 12 and the mold 1.
Dans le mode de réalisation des figures 11 à 14, on a ménagé sur une au moins, dans le cas présent, chacune des parois longitudinales sensiblement verticales 51, 52 du logement 5 une partie bombée 53, 54 faisant saillie vers l'intérieur dudit logement 5 vers l'autre paroi 52, 51, de manière à créer un léger étranglement adapté à guider et à centrer la partie inférieure du filtre 12 qui traverse cet étranglement lors de l'introduction dudit filtre 12 dans le logement 5.In the embodiment of FIGS. 11 to 14, one has at least one, in the present case, each of the substantially vertical longitudinal walls 51, 52 of the housing 5 a convex part 53, 54 projecting towards the interior of said housing 5 towards the other wall 52, 51, so as to create a slight constriction adapted to guide and center the lower part of the filter 12 which passes through this constriction during the introduction of said filter 12 into the housing 5.
Les parties bombées 53, 54 ont leur face supérieure respective 53a, 54a qui fait un angle progressif avec la paroi 51, 52 correspondante, de manière à coopérer avec les angles nécessairement arrondis des coins inférieurs 55, 56 du filtre 12 pour assurer un guidage progressif puis un serrage progressif dudit filtre au fur et à mesure que ledit filtre pénètre plus profondément dans la cavité 5.The convex parts 53, 54 have their respective upper faces 53a, 54a which forms a progressive angle with the corresponding wall 51, 52, so as to cooperate with the necessarily rounded angles of the lower corners 55, 56 of the filter 12 to ensure progressive guiding then a progressive tightening of said filter as said filter penetrates deeper into the cavity 5.
Les efforts de serrage correspondants exercés par les parties bombées 53, 54 sur les parois longitudinales adjacentes 57, 58 du filtre 12 créent des forces de frottement s'opposant à la poussée d'Archimède exercée par le métal en fusion sur le filtre 12.The corresponding clamping forces exerted by the convex parts 53, 54 on the adjacent longitudinal walls 57, 58 of the filter 12 create friction forces opposing the Archimedes thrust exerted by the molten metal on the filter 12.
On peut bien entendu faire varier à volonté les dimensions des parties bombées 53, 54 en fonction des valeurs de forces de frottement que l'on veut obtenir.It is of course possible to vary the dimensions of the convex parts 53, 54 at will as a function of the values of friction forces which it is desired to obtain.
On peut également, si l'on veut éviter une diminution desdites forces de frottement dans le cas d'un léger déplacement du filtre 12 vers le haut dans le cas d'une forme trapézoïdale dudit filtre 12, ménager ces parties bombées 53, 54 sur des tronçons verticaux 57a, 58a des parois 57, 58 dudit filtre 12, comme schématisé à la figure 15.It is also possible, if one wishes to avoid a reduction in said frictional forces in the case of a slight displacement of the filter 12 upwards in the case of a trapezoidal shape of said filter 12, to provide these convex parts 53, 54 on vertical sections 57a, 58a of the walls 57, 58 of said filter 12, as shown diagrammatically in FIG. 15.
On remarquera, aux figures 11, 13 et 14, que le barrage 41 constituant le bord inférieur 9a de l'ouverture 9 sur lequel s'appuie le bord inférieur 12a du filtre 12, est dans cet exemple constitué par un pont 42 ménagé dans la partie inférieure de l' évidement 8 sur tout ou partie de la largeur occupée par les trous du filtre 12, et s' étendant dans le sens 19 jusqu'au fond de l' évidement 8 qui se trouve séparé en deux canaux.It will be noted, in Figures 11, 13 and 14, that the dam 41 constituting the lower edge 9a of the opening 9 on which the lower edge 12a of the filter 12 is supported, in this example consists of a bridge 42 formed in the lower part of the recess 8 over all or part of the width occupied by the holes of the filter 12, and extending in direction 19 to the bottom of the recess 8 which is separated into two channels.
Pour la simplicité des figures, on a représenté aux figures 11 à 15 des parties bombées 53, 54 dans le cas d'un logement 5 vertical. On peut évidemment ménager ces parties bombées dans le cas d'un logement incliné du type représenté aux figures 7 à 10, et associer à volonté ces parties bombées avec un barrage 41 et/ou une languette 38.For the simplicity of the figures, FIGS. 11 to 15 show curved portions 53, 54 in the case of a vertical housing 5. It is obviously possible to provide these curved parts in the case of an inclined housing of the type shown in FIGS. 7 to 10, and to associate these curved parts at will with a dam 41 and / or a tongue 38.
Bien entendu, la présente invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation que l'on vient de décrire, et on peut apporter à ceux-ci de nombreux changements et modifications sans sortir du domaine de 1' invention.Of course, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments which have just been described, and many can be brought to these. changes and modifications without departing from the scope of the invention.
Le procédé décrit ci-dessus est évidemment applicable aussi bien aux moules sans noyau intérieur qu'aux moules avec noyau intérieur. The process described above is obviously applicable both to molds without an inner core and to molds with an inner core.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé pour préparer un moule (1) de coulée comprenant au moins une cavité de moulage (60) adaptée à recevoir du métal en fusion dirigé vers ladite cavité (60) par au moins un entonnoir (2) de coulée débouchant dans un chenal (3) de coulée s' étendant en aval de l'entonnoir de coulée (2) jusqu'à ladite cavité (60), ce procédé étant mis en œuvre sur une machine automatique de coulée et comportant une étape de préparation de deux moitiés de moule (la, lb) et une étape d'assemblage des deux moitiés de moule (la, lb) le long d'un plan de joint (4) sensiblement vertical, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte les étapes suivantes : - on aménage dans une première moitié (la) du moule (1) un évidement (2) formant entonnoir de coulée (2) s'étendant jusqu'au plan de joint (4) ;1. Method for preparing a casting mold (1) comprising at least one molding cavity (60) adapted to receive molten metal directed towards said cavity (60) by at least one funnel (2) pouring into a channel (3) pouring extending downstream of the pouring funnel (2) up to said cavity (60), this method being implemented on an automatic casting machine and comprising a step of preparing two halves of mold (la, lb) and a step of assembling the two mold halves (la, lb) along a substantially vertical joint plane (4), characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - in a first half (la) of the mold (1) a recess (2) forming a pouring funnel (2) extending to the joint plane (4);
- on aménage au niveau du plan de joint (4), à la périphérie de l'évidement (2), un logement (5) sensiblement parallèle audit plan de joint (4) et présentant à sa partie supérieure une ouverture supérieure (6), ledit logement (5) ayant, parallèlement audit plan de joint (4), des dimensions prédéterminées plus grandes que celles dudit entonnoir (2) et, dans la direction (7) perpendiculaire audit plan de joint (4), une épaisseur prédéterminée ;- It is arranged at the joint plane (4), at the periphery of the recess (2), a housing (5) substantially parallel to said joint plane (4) and having at its upper part an upper opening (6) , said housing (5) having, parallel to said joint plane (4), predetermined dimensions larger than those of said funnel (2) and, in the direction (7) perpendicular to said joint plane (4), a predetermined thickness;
- on aménage dans la seconde moitié (lb) du moule (1) un second évidement (8) ayant au niveau du plan de joint (4) une ouverture (9) ayant des dimensions inférieures aux dimensions correspondantes du logement (5) , cet évidement (8) étant fermé à sa partie supérieure et communiquant vers l'aval avec un chenal de coulée (3) ;- a second recess (8) is arranged in the second half (lb) of the mold (1) having at the joint plane (4) an opening (9) having dimensions smaller than the corresponding dimensions of the housing (5), this recess (8) being closed at its upper part and communicating downstream with a pouring channel (3);
- on assemble les deux moitiés de moule (la, lb) le long du plan de joint (4) ; on introduit dans le logement (5) , sensiblement verticalement à travers l'ouverture supérieure (6) de celui-ci, un filtre (12) qui a des dimensions sensiblement inférieures aux dimensions prédéterminées correspondantes du logement (5) et qui est adapté à filtrer du métal en fusion, de façon telle que du métal en fusion versé dans l'entonnoir (2) traverse ledit filtre (12) puis est canalisé par le second évidement (8) vers le chenal de coulée (3) .- Assembling the two mold halves (la, lb) along the joint plane (4); is introduced into the housing (5), substantially vertically through the upper opening (6) thereof, a filter (12) which has dimensions substantially smaller than the corresponding predetermined dimensions of the housing (5) and which is adapted to filtering molten metal, such that molten metal poured into the funnel (2) passes through said filter (12) and is then channeled through the second recess (8) towards the pouring channel (3).
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on donne au logement (5) et au filtre (12), en section transversale par un plan parallèle au plan de joint (4), des contours respectifs complémentaires conformés de manière à centrer automatiquement le filtre (12) par rapport au logement (5) .2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing (5) and the filter (12) are given, in cross section by a plane parallel to the joint plane (4), respective complementary contours shaped so to automatically center the filter (12) relative to the housing (5).
3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'on donne au filtre (12), et le cas échéant au logement (5) , en section transversale par un plan parallèle au plan de joint (4), un contour ayant, au moins dans sa partie inférieure, la forme d'un trapèze ayant sa petite base en partie inférieure.3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the filter (12), and where appropriate the housing (5), is given in cross section by a plane parallel to the joint plane (4), a contour having, at least in its lower part, the shape of a trapezoid having its small base in the lower part.
4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on donne au logement (5) et au filtre (12), en section transversale par un plan parallèle au plan de joint (4), des contours respectifs complémentaires ayant une assise inférieure (10, 13) concave.4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (5) and the filter (12) are given, in cross section through a plane parallel to the joint plane (4), respective contours. complementary having a concave lower seat (10, 13).
5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le logement (5) et/ou le moule (1) sont munis de moyens pour créer des forces de frottement s'opposant à la poussée d'Archimède exercée par le métal en fusion sur le filtre lorsque ledit métal en fusion presse le filtre (12) contre les bords (9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) de l'ouverture (9) .5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (5) and / or the mold (1) are provided with means for creating friction forces opposing the Archimedes thrust exerted by the molten metal on the filter when said molten metal presses the filter (12) against the edges (9a, 9b, 9c, 9d) of the opening (9).
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le logement (5) s'étend selon un plan incliné vers le bas et vers l'aval d'un petit angle prédéterminé par rapport au plan vertical.6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the housing (5) extends along a plane inclined downward and downstream by a small predetermined angle relative to the vertical plane.
7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que l'on ménage sur une au moins des parois longitudinales (51, 52) du logement (5) une partie bombée (53, 54) faisant saillie vers l'intérieur dudit logement (5) vers l'autre paroi (52, 51), de manière à créer un léger étranglement adapté à guider la partie inférieure du filtre (12) qui traverse cet étranglement lors de l'introduction du filtre (12) dans le logement (5) .7. Method according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that one household on at least one of the longitudinal walls (51, 52) of the housing (5) a curved portion (53, 54) projecting towards the interior of said housing (5) towards the other wall (52, 51), so as to create a slight constriction adapted to guide the lower part of the filter (12) which passes through this constriction during the introduction of the filter (12 ) in the housing (5).
8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'on aménage dans la deuxième moitié (lb) du moule (1) une languette centrale (38) séparant le second évidement (8) en deux parties (8a, 8b) .8. Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that there is arranged in the second half (lb) of the mold (1) a central tongue (38) separating the second recess (8) in two parts ( 8a, 8b).
9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'on utilise un filtre (12) comprenant une série d'au moins deux plaques filtrantes (14, 15) en matière réfractaire définissant entre deux plaques adjacentes (14, 15) une cavité (16) correspondante, ces plaques (14, 15) comportant chacune une série de trous de filtration (17) permettant le passage et la filtration du métal en fusion, l'une au moins des cavités (16) contenant un matériau de traitement du métal en fusion. 9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a filter (12) is used comprising a series of at least two filter plates (14, 15) made of refractory material defining between two adjacent plates (14, 15) a corresponding cavity (16), these plates (14, 15) each comprising a series of filtration holes (17) allowing the passage and filtration of the molten metal, at least one of the cavities (16) containing a material for processing molten metal.
10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un matériau de traitement sous la forme d'une plaquette (18) comprimée, frittée ou moulée, la plaquette (18) de matériau de traitement ayant une forme telle que, vue dans le sens10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that a treatment material is used in the form of a plate (18) compressed, sintered or molded, the plate (18) of treatment material having a shape such that , viewed in the direction
(19) de passage du métal en fusion, elle laisse sur chaque plaque filtrante (14, 15) au moins une région(19) for the passage of molten metal, it leaves on each filter plate (14, 15) at least one region
(20) non recouverte comportant des trous de filtration (17) non obturés par ladite plaquette (18) pour permettre au métal en fusion ayant pénétré dans la cavité (16) de venir en contact avec le matériau de traitement de la plaquette (18) et de s'écouler autour de ladite plaquette (18) puis par les trous de filtration (17) de la seconde plaque filtrante (15) .(20) not covered comprising filtration holes (17) not closed by said plate (18) to allow the molten metal having penetrated into the cavity (16) to come into contact with the material for treating the plate (18) and to flow around said plate (18) then through the filtration holes (17) of the second filter plate (15).
11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que l'on choisit le matériau de traitement parmi les produits désulfurants, thermogènes, inoculants, sphéroïdisants, vermiculants, recarburants, affinants, modificateurs, et les alliages d'addition.11. Method according to any one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the treatment material is chosen from desulfurizing, thermogenic, inoculating, spheroidizing, vermiculating, recarburizing, refining, modifying products and alloys of addition.
12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un poids de matériau de traitement compris entre 0,001% environ et 2% environ du poids du métal en fusion à traiter.12. Method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that one uses a weight of treatment material of between approximately 0.001% and approximately 2% of the weight of the molten metal to be treated.
13. Moule de coulée (1) pour couler et mouler du métal en fusion, comprenant au moins une cavité de moulage (60) adaptée à recevoir du métal en fusion dirigé vers ladite cavité par au moins un entonnoir de coulée (2) débouchant dans un chenal de coulée (3) s' étendant en aval de l'entonnoir de coulée (2) jusqu'à ladite cavité, un filtre (12) étant interposé sur le passage du métal en fusion, caractérisé en ce que ledit moule (1) a été préparé par mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes. 13. casting mold (1) for casting and molding molten metal, comprising at least one molding cavity (60) adapted to receive molten metal directed towards said cavity by at least one pouring funnel (2) opening into a pouring channel (3) extending downstream of the pouring funnel (2) up to said cavity, a filter (12) being interposed on the passage of the molten metal, characterized in that said mold (1) was prepared by implementing the method according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP99922255A 1998-06-25 1999-06-03 Method for preparing a casting mould Expired - Lifetime EP1091818B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9808088 1998-06-25
FR9808088A FR2780322B3 (en) 1998-06-25 1998-06-25 PROCESS FOR PREPARING A CASTING MOLD
PCT/FR1999/001307 WO1999067045A1 (en) 1998-06-25 1999-06-03 Method for preparing a casting mould

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EP1091818A1 true EP1091818A1 (en) 2001-04-18
EP1091818B1 EP1091818B1 (en) 2003-03-26

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AU (1) AU3937099A (en)
DE (1) DE69906294D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2780322B3 (en)
TR (1) TR200003822T2 (en)
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US6860315B2 (en) * 2001-07-26 2005-03-01 Copeland Corporation Green sand casting method and apparatus
US6913063B2 (en) * 2003-04-02 2005-07-05 Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America, Inc. Apparatus and method for inserting parts into a mold
US20050189083A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2005-09-01 Stahl Kenneth G.Jr. Casting mold and method for casting achieving in-mold modification of a casting metal
EP1657042B1 (en) * 2004-11-15 2014-06-25 Ip Ag Centrifugal casting for edge encapsulation and mould therefore
CN101422808B (en) * 2008-10-17 2012-05-23 浙江佳力风能技术有限公司 Use method of filter in casting large-size castings
MX2012011513A (en) 2011-10-03 2013-09-03 Emerson Climate Technologies Methods of casting scroll compressor components.
CN104511568A (en) * 2014-12-30 2015-04-15 西峡县众德汽车部件有限公司 Runner structure with downsprue
CN106001431B (en) * 2016-07-27 2017-12-26 共享装备股份有限公司 A kind of double ladle combined casting pouring basins
CN115464100A (en) * 2022-09-02 2022-12-13 芜湖泓鹄材料技术有限公司 Method for graded filtering of pouring slag

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JPS63132748A (en) 1986-11-21 1988-06-04 Foseco Japan Ltd:Kk Method for installing ceramic foam filter to perpendicular split casting molds
JPH01266942A (en) 1988-04-18 1989-10-24 Foseco Japan Ltd:Kk Method for setting ceramic filter in mold
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ZA200007785B (en) 2001-12-21
WO1999067045A1 (en) 1999-12-29
FR2780322A1 (en) 1999-12-31
EP1091818B1 (en) 2003-03-26
US6540005B1 (en) 2003-04-01
AU3937099A (en) 2000-01-10
DE69906294D1 (en) 2003-04-30
FR2780322B3 (en) 2000-05-12

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