Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
  • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0226—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues and grooves next to each other on the end surface

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a modular wall or double wall element for dry mounting.
• the structural part is made of reinforced concrete or concrete blocks, and the facing part is made with a veneer of briquettes, stones, or the like. While the structural part is intended to be covered inside the building by a covering formed for example by plaster or by plaster panels, the facing part is intended to be seen from the outside.
• an insulation space may be provided between the structural and facing parts, in order to insert therein layers of glass wool or other insulating material. While it is true that double walls or double walls constitute a rational solution perfectly suited to the needs of the building industry, the fact remains that their cost of implementation is relatively high. In order to reduce this cost, various modular wall or double wall solutions have been proposed in the past.
• An air tightness defect can easily be remedied by covering, for example, the face of modular walls or double walls located towards the interior of the building with a covering of plaster or plaster panels.
• a water tightness defect is much more difficult to resolve, and it turns out that currently no modular wall or double wall element for dry mounting available on the market can solve satisfactorily this sealing problem.
• the main object of the present invention is to provide a modular wall or double wall element for dry mounting making it possible to obtain watertight walls or double walls without it being necessary to add ashamed than other protection than it would be.
• the upper and lower faces of said modular element each have at least one contact part shaped as a substantially flat surface and a separation part shaped respectively as a protrusion and a longitudinal groove defining a complementary fitting, said flat areas being intended to carry over vertical loads through said modular element and said longitudinal projection and groove being intended to limit - or even eliminate - horizontal water infiltration by capillary action, as well as to ensure the guidance of said modular element during assembly, to keep it in place once it is mounted, and form a mechanical barrier to dynamic horizontal water and air infiltration,
• said longitudinal projection and groove have, from the outside towards the inside of said modular element, at least one side inclined relative to the vertical, one horizontal side and one vertical side,
• said modular element comprises at least one cell extending between the flat areas of said upper and lower faces, in order to impose a vertical path for possible infiltrations water, as well as lightening said modular element
• - said upper face comprises at least one horizontal groove extending along its length and communicating with said cell, in order to form an additional obstacle to horizontal water infiltration and to channel these towards said cell
• - said horizontal groove is adjacent to said longitudinal projection, in order to stop any water infiltration as close as possible to the outside of said modular element
• the section of said cell decreases towards the base of said modular element, in order to facilitate its demolding during manufacturing and allowing the flow of water by "coffee maker effect",
• said cell has a substantially rectangular section with rounded corners, in order to prevent the initiation of rupture
• said modular element comprises two cells arranged so as to be able to form water evacuation chimneys in a straight or staggered stack, and possibly to allow the setting in place of vertical chaining members,
• the faces lateral of said modular element intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have at least one substantially flat area and a zigzag profiled part defining a complementary interlocking, in order to guide said modular element during assembly, to keep it in place a once it is mounted, and to form a mechanical barrier to dynamic vertical infiltration of water and air,
• said flat areas constitute contact parts and said zigzag profiled parts constitute separation parts to form a clearance intended to limit - or even eliminate - vertical water infiltration by capillary action
• said modular element is shaped so that said clearance between separation parts is at least equal to 2 mm, at least the upper horizontal edge of said modular element intended to be placed towards the outside is shaped so as to make the line visible horizontal joint between two stacked modular elements,
• At least one of the vertical edges of said modular element intended to be placed towards the outside is shaped so as to make visible the vertical line of join between two adjacent modular elements
• Said modular element comprises a U-shaped or L-shaped cavity extending between its upper and lower faces, in order to form a modular chaining element, the lateral faces of said modular element intended to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented substantially perpendicularly to each other, in order to form a modular corner element,
• said modular element is reversible, that is to say substantially symmetrical with respect to a vertical axis passing through its center of gravity, in order to form a standard modular element
• said modular element is made of water-repellent concrete, in order to prevent it from being impregnated with water. Thanks to these characteristics, a modular element is obtained allowing dry construction of walls or double walls comprising physical watertight barriers (clearance preventing infiltration by capillary action), mechanical (geometry preventing infiltration dynamic), and chemical (water-repellent concrete avoiding infiltration by impregnation).
• Such walls or double walls are completely waterproof, so that it becomes possible to dispense with any additional means of protection.
• FIG. 1 is a top view of a standard modular element according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 is a top view of a modular U-shaped chaining element according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 combines a half side view and a vertical half section of a stack of two standard modular elements and a modular U-shaped chaining element according to the invention
• FIG. 4 is a top view of a socket of a standard modular element and a modular element of left angle according to the invention.
• identical reference numerals denote identical or analogous members or sets of members.
• This standard modular element S is substantially parallelepipedic and reversible, that is to say symmetrical about an axis ZZ 'passing through its center of gravity
• Its upper face has a substantially flat central area 2a bordered by two longitudinal projections 3a, 3a 'extending over its entire length.
• Each of these longitudinal projections has, from the outside towards the inside of the modular element, an inclined flank lia, lia ', a horizontal flank 12a, 12a' and a vertical flank 13a, 13a '.
• the inclined sides 11a, 11a ' preferably form an angle of about 30 ° relative to the vertical.
• the optional chamfers 16, 16 ' preferably make an angle of about 45 ° relative to the vertical.
• the lower face 1b of the modular element S has a substantially flat central area 2b bordered by two longitudinal grooves 3b, 3b 'defining a complementary nesting with the longitudinal projections
• Each of these longitudinal grooves thus has, from the outside towards the inside of the modular element, an inclined flank 11b, 11b ', a horizontal flank 12b, 12b' and a vertical flank 13b, 13b '.
• These longitudinal grooves are connected to the external faces 15, 15 ′ by horizontal flanks 17, 17 ′ situated in the same plane as the area 2b.
• the upper and lower faces 1b are shaped so that when two modular elements are stacked one on the other, their flat areas are pressed against each other, while their projections and their longitudinal grooves are separated by a clearance J, preferably at least equal to 2 mm.
• the upper face 1a of the modular element S also includes two horizontal grooves 20, 20 ′ located in line with the vertical sides 13a, 13a ′ and extending over the entire length of the modular element.
• the cumulative transverse extension E1 of a longitudinal projection 3a, 3a 'and of an adjacent horizontal groove 20, 20' is substantially equal to the transverse extension E2 of a groove 3b, 3b '.
• the modular element S also comprises two cells 25, 26 which extend between the areas 2a and 2b, and the upper parts of which communicate with the horizontal grooves 20, 20 '.
• These cells have a substantially square section with rounded corners, the radius of curvature R of the corners preferably being greater than 35 mm (see FIG. 1).
• the two cells 25, 26 are separated by an intermediate cavity 30 of substantially parailelepiped shape which also extends between the areas 2a and 2b and the upper part of which also communicates with the horizontal grooves 20, 20 '(see FIG. 1). As in the cells 25, 26, the section of this cavity decreases towards the base of the modular element.
• the lateral faces 31a, 31b of the modular element S intended to cooperate with adjacent modular elements each have two flat areas 32a, 32a ', 32b, 32b' bordering a zigzag profiled central part 33a, 33b.
• One 32a ', 32b of the two areas of each of these faces is connected to an adjacent external face 15', 15 by an optional chamfer 36a, 36b formed in a vertical edge of the modular element.
• the faces 31a, 31b define a complementary interlocking, and they are preferably shaped so that when two modular elements according to the invention are interlocked, their flat areas are applied one against the other, while their zigzag parts are separated by a clearance J 'preferably at least equal to
• the zigzag parts 33a, 33b each have three vertical grooves 40a, 40a ', 40a' 'and 40b, 40b', 40b '' extending over their entire height, these grooves being positioned so as to come opposite each other. screws of the grooves of the adjacent modular elements.
• FIG. 2 in which a modular chaining element C in a shape according to the invention has been shown, as well as to FIG. 3 in which such a modular element has been shown stacked on two standard modular elements. S.
• This modular chaining element has the same characteristics as a standard modular element, with some differences explained below.
• This modular corner element has the same characteristics as a standard modular element (it comprises, in particular, two cells 225, 226 and an intermediate cavity 230), with a few differences which are explained below.
• the longitudinal projections 203a, 203a ', the longitudinal groove placed inside the angle (not shown) and the horizontal grooves 220, 220' do not extend only over about half the length of the modular element.
• the lateral faces 231a, 231b intended to be placed against adjacent modular elements are oriented substantially perpendicular to each other.
• the modular elements described above can be made by molding with a range of materials commonly used in the construction field. Preferably, architectonic concrete (that is to say satisfying certain aesthetic criteria: color, texture, etc.) will be used.
• Standard modular elements are used for the right aligned parts, and left or right angle modular elements for the corners.
• Rows of modular chaining elements placed at regular vertical intervals also allow, thanks to the gutters formed by the alignment of the U-shaped cavities of these elements, to connect the vertical chaining members together, and thus to achieve horizontal chaining .
• the modular element according to the invention offers remarkable simplicity of implementation and robustness, it makes it possible to solve the sealing problems conventionally linked to dry modular walls or double walls.
• the complementary sockets of the projections 3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a' and of the grooves 3b, 3b 'on the one hand, and zigzag sections 33a, 33b on the other hand make it possible to form mechanical barriers which oppose dynamic water infiltration, that is to say moving water infiltration (in the case of rain knocked down by the wind against a modular wall or double wall, for example). Note also that these mechanical barriers also significantly limit air infiltration.
• the clearances between the projections 3a, 3a ', 203a, 203a' and the grooves 3b, 3b 'on the one hand, and between the zigzag sections 33a, 33b d on the other hand make it possible to produce separation zones between modular elements in which water can hardly progress by capillary action. In this way, physical barriers to water infiltration are formed.
• clearances must be large enough to prevent water from being able, thanks to its surface tension, to be kept in contact simultaneously with the parts opposite two adjacent modular elements, and thus to progress by capillarity.
• Different tests have shown that in practice, clearances at least equal to 2mm could be suitable.
• the use of a material such as water-repellent concrete makes it possible to limit the infiltration of water by impregnation. This also forms chemical barriers to water infiltration. Since these different sealing barriers act on a certain depth of the modular wall or double wall, it is advisable to provide means for recovering the water inside the wall or double wall.
• the horizontal grooves 20, 20 ', 120, 120', 220, 220 'and vertical 40a, 40a', 40a ", 40b, 40b ', 40b' 'form additional obstacles to the horizontal and vertical infiltration of water they make it possible to channel the water to the cells 25, 26, 125, 125 ', 126, 126', 225, 226 and to the intermediate cavities 30, 230.
• the optional horizontal chamfers 16, 16 'and vertical 36a, 36b allow to emphasize the lines of join between the modular elements, and thus create a visual rhythm on the walls or double walls built.
• the invention extends to other specific modular elements necessary for the production of singular elements, such as the modular half-elements to make the window towers, the modular L-shaped chaining elements to make the floors. , etc.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)
• Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
• Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
• Sewage (AREA)
• Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
• Fencing (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=9534747

Family Applications (1)

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• 1998
  • 1998-12-31 FR FR9816715A patent/FR2788072B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 1999
  • 1999-12-31 BR BR9908417-1A patent/BR9908417A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-12-31 WO PCT/FR1999/003326 patent/WO2000040817A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-12-31 EP EP99964750A patent/EP1060311B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-12-31 CN CN998047201A patent/CN1218101C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-12-31 AT AT99964750T patent/ATE306593T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-12-31 JP JP2000592503A patent/JP2002534623A/ja active Pending
  • 1999-12-31 DE DE69927676T patent/DE69927676T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-12-31 PL PL99342821A patent/PL342821A1/xx unknown
  • 1999-12-31 KR KR1020007009637A patent/KR20010088278A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-12-31 ES ES99964750T patent/ES2255326T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-12-31 AU AU30500/00A patent/AU3050000A/en not_active Abandoned
• 2000
  • 2000-09-29 ZA ZA200005257A patent/ZA200005257B/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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