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EP0975007B1 - Beleuchtungssystem mit einer Hochdruckentladungslampe - Google Patents

Beleuchtungssystem mit einer Hochdruckentladungslampe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0975007B1
EP0975007B1 EP99111436A EP99111436A EP0975007B1 EP 0975007 B1 EP0975007 B1 EP 0975007B1 EP 99111436 A EP99111436 A EP 99111436A EP 99111436 A EP99111436 A EP 99111436A EP 0975007 B1 EP0975007 B1 EP 0975007B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lighting system
pressure discharge
discharge lamp
voltage
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99111436A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0975007A1 (de
Inventor
Günther Hirschmann
Bontcho Dr. Gotchev
Arnulf Rupp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH filed Critical Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Publication of EP0975007A1 publication Critical patent/EP0975007A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0975007B1 publication Critical patent/EP0975007B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/02—Details
    • H05B41/04—Starting switches
    • H05B41/042—Starting switches using semiconductor devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/19—Attachment of light sources or lamp holders
    • F21S41/192—Details of lamp holders, terminals or connectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
    • F21S45/40—Cooling of lighting devices
    • F21S45/47—Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings
    • F21S45/48—Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings with means for conducting heat from the inside to the outside of the lighting devices, e.g. with fins on the outer surface of the lighting device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/50—Means forming part of the tube or lamps for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it
    • H01J5/54—Means forming part of the tube or lamps for the purpose of providing electrical connection to it supported by a separate part, e.g. base
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/56—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
    • F21S45/40—Cooling of lighting devices
    • F21S45/47—Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/54—Igniting arrangements, e.g. promoting ionisation for starting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lighting system according to the preamble of Claim 1.
  • Such a lighting system is, for example, in the German published application DE 196 10 385 A1 discloses.
  • This document describes one High-pressure discharge lamp for motor vehicle headlights, which is a glass Lamp vessel, two electrodes and one with electrical connections provided lamp base.
  • the operating device usually has a significantly longer lifespan than the high-pressure discharge lamp on.
  • the control gear is permanently integrated in the lamp base it can no longer be used if the lamp is defective must be replaced together with the defective lamp.
  • the lighting system according to the invention has a high-pressure discharge lamp and an operating device for the high-pressure discharge lamp, wherein the high pressure discharge lamp at least one lamp vessel, electrodes and a lamp for generating a gas discharge and one with a socket provided with electrical connections.
  • the base points also fasteners for the at least one lamp vessel.
  • the control gear has an ignition device, which is housed in the base and has a high voltage part.
  • the base has at least two housing parts, which are connected by a detachable closure are connected, the first housing part, the fastening means for the has at least one lamp vessel and in the first housing part High voltage part are housed while the second housing part with the electrical connections of the high-pressure discharge lamp.
  • the aforementioned measures according to the invention make it possible in the event of a defect High-pressure discharge lamp the second housing part with the inside arranged components continue to use by the closure between the first and the second housing part is solved.
  • the first Housing part is together with the defective high-pressure discharge lamp attached to it replaced.
  • the first housing part is according to the invention for safety reasons, advantageously from a transformer existing high-voltage part of the ignition device, that replaced together with the defective high pressure discharge lamp must become.
  • the high voltage part of the ignition device is advantageous embedded in a potting compound, its electrical insulation improved. It is also advantageous for the same purpose the high-voltage connection of the lamp electrode connected to the High voltage part embedded in the potting compound.
  • the further components of the ignition device are advantageously such as the ignition capacitor and the spark gap in the second housing part arranged. As a result, these components of the Ignition device not defective when defective high pressure discharge lamp become.
  • the other components of the ignition device are advantageous arranged on a support plate, which can be easily in can insert the second housing part.
  • the at least two housing parts are advantageously by a snap or screw or releasably connected to one another by a plug connection.
  • the first housing part advantageously first electrical contacts and the second housing part on second electrical contacts, between which at interconnected first and second housing parts an electrical conductive connection exists.
  • the first and second electrical contacts the housing parts advantageously form a connector that automatically manufactured during the assembly of the at least two housing parts of the base becomes. This ensures an easy-to-install lamp base.
  • At least one housing part of the base is advantageously provided with a cooling device equipped with the heat generated by the control gear dissipates.
  • the first and / or the second housing part have a Shielding against electromagnetic radiation that affects the electromagnetic Compatibility of the lighting system according to the invention improved.
  • the operating device of the lighting system according to the invention also has the ignition device has a voltage converter, which advantageously as an inverter, for example as a half or full bridge inverter or is designed as a push-pull inverter or as a single-ended converter.
  • This voltage converter is advantageously on the same carrier plate arranged as the above-mentioned further components of the ignition device. This enables the complete control gear for the high-pressure discharge lamp be accommodated in the base of the lamp.
  • a special one compact and advantageous arrangement results if the aforementioned Voltage converter is designed as an integrated circuit.
  • the invention can be applied particularly advantageously to a lighting system with a single-sided high-pressure discharge lamp that is close to the base and has an electrode remote from the base.
  • a lighting system is used, for example, in a motor vehicle headlight used.
  • the at least one high-voltage connection of the high-voltage part the ignition device is here advantageously close to the base Electrode of the high pressure discharge lamp connected. This ensures that the high voltage parts are safe to touch in Interior of the first housing part or the lamp vessel are included. It also makes the electrical connections the base of the high-pressure discharge lamp only with the comparative low vehicle electrical system voltage is applied.
  • the most distant Electrode of the high pressure discharge lamp and the connections of the primary winding of the transformer of the ignition device are advantageous with the first electrical contacts of the first housing part electrically conductively connected. These measures ensure that the high pressure discharge lamp and the primary winding of the ignition transformer automatically, during the assembly of the base, with those in the second housing part housed control gear components electrically contacted become.
  • the preferred embodiment of the invention is a lighting system consisting of a single-ended metal-halide high-pressure discharge lamp 1 and one in the base 10 of this Lamp 1 arranged control gear TR, C1, FS, W.
  • This lighting system is suitable, for example, for use in a motor vehicle headlight.
  • the lamp 1 has a discharge vessel enveloped by an outer bulb 12 11 made of quartz glass, in which a base-near electrode 13 and a base-remote Electrode 14 are arranged.
  • the two lamp vessels 11, 12 are in the Base 10 of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 is anchored.
  • the base 10 has a first housing part 10a and a second housing part 10b, both of which Plastic.
  • the first housing part 10a forms the upper part of the base and the second housing part 10b forms the lower base part of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1.
  • Both housing parts 10a, 10b are detachable Snap lock 22 connected together.
  • the base upper part 10a has first electrical contacts 17, 19, when assembling the base 10, that is, when assembling of the two housing parts 10a, 10b, a plug connection and thus an electrical connection to those attached to the base part 10b second electrical contacts 16,18.
  • the operating device of the lighting system consists of an ignition device and a voltage converter, the the vehicle electrical system voltage in the for lamp operation converts required operating voltage.
  • the ignition device has one high-voltage part consisting of a toroidal transformer TR and a spark gap FS and an ignition capacitor C1.
  • the transformer TR has a primary winding N2 and a secondary winding N1.
  • the aforementioned components TR, FS, C1 are in a known manner to one Pulse ignitor, which is used to ignite a gas discharge in the High-pressure discharge lamp 1 generates the required ignition voltage.
  • the Transformer TR is in the interior of the first, which is designed as an upper part of the base Housing part 10a arranged and in an electrically insulating potting compound 23 embedded
  • the other components of the ignition device that is, the spark gap FS and the ignition capacitor C1 are on one Carrier board 21 mounted in the second housing part forming the lower base part 10b is arranged.
  • the Voltage converter W of the control gear installed on the same carrier board 21 .
  • the voltage converter W is an inverter W, preferably a full bridge inverter, the vehicle electrical system voltage converts into a square wave voltage at its voltage input j1, j2, whose amplitude takes values between approximately 0 V and -80 V.
  • Figure 2 shows a simplified, schematic circuit diagram of the operating device.
  • the lamp LP is connected to the bridge branch of the inverter W.
  • the electrode 13 close to the base of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 is via the Power supply 15 with the secondary winding N1 of the transformer TR connected and is during the ignition process with high voltage pulses applied.
  • the inverter arranged on the carrier board 21 W is with the second electrical contacts 16, 18 of the base part 10b electrically connected.
  • the current feedback 16 of the high pressure discharge lamp 1 provides an electrical connection between the base Electrode 14 and the first electrical contact 19 of the base part 10a ago.
  • the lamp vessels 11, 12 are by means of the fastening device 24 fixed in a known manner on the upper base part 10a.
  • the fastening device 24 is, for example, in the German patent application DE 196 02 625.3.
  • the housing parts 10a, 10b instead of Plastic also consist of a metal or a metallized plastic, about the electromagnetic compatibility of the lighting system to improve.
  • the base 10 or one of the housing parts 10a, 10b or both housing parts with a cooling device, for example with Cooling fins for the control gear. It is still possible the base 10 or the housing parts 10a, 10b with a shield against electromagnetic radiation to equip the electromagnetic Improve tolerance.
  • a full bridge inverter can also be a half-bridge inverter or another voltage converter, for example, a single-ended converter can be used.
  • the complete ignition device TR, FS, C1 to accommodate in the first housing part 10a. In this In the case of defective lamp 1, the entire igniter should also be replaced become.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Common Detailed Techniques For Electron Tubes Or Discharge Tubes (AREA)
EP99111436A 1998-07-13 1999-06-11 Beleuchtungssystem mit einer Hochdruckentladungslampe Expired - Lifetime EP0975007B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19831042A DE19831042A1 (de) 1998-07-13 1998-07-13 Beleuchtungssystem mit einer Hochdruckentladungslampe
DE19831042 1998-07-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0975007A1 EP0975007A1 (de) 2000-01-26
EP0975007B1 true EP0975007B1 (de) 2004-01-14

Family

ID=7873681

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99111436A Expired - Lifetime EP0975007B1 (de) 1998-07-13 1999-06-11 Beleuchtungssystem mit einer Hochdruckentladungslampe

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6462476B1 (hu)
EP (1) EP0975007B1 (hu)
JP (1) JP2000040596A (hu)
KR (1) KR100623140B1 (hu)
CA (1) CA2276583C (hu)
DE (2) DE19831042A1 (hu)
ES (1) ES2214771T3 (hu)
HU (1) HU221945B1 (hu)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005007659A1 (de) * 2005-02-19 2006-08-24 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Brenner für eine Gasentladungslampe und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Brenners
US7760061B2 (en) 2006-08-31 2010-07-20 General Electric Company Lamp transformer
US7855625B2 (en) 2006-08-31 2010-12-21 General Electric Company Lamp transformer
WO2011144403A1 (de) 2010-05-20 2011-11-24 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Schaltungsanordnung zum zünden von hochdruck-entladungslampen

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DE19913942C1 (de) * 1999-03-26 2000-04-13 Vogt Electronic Ag Gasentladungslampensockel mit Zündeinrichtung
JP3316629B2 (ja) * 1999-05-14 2002-08-19 スタンレー電気株式会社 車両用放電灯点灯ユニット
FR2795691B1 (fr) † 1999-07-02 2001-08-17 Valeo Vision Projecteur de vehicule automobile equipe d'une lampe a decharge et de moyens de blindage electromagnetique perfectionnes
JP2004510301A (ja) * 2000-09-26 2004-04-02 パテント−トロイハント−ゲゼルシヤフト　フユア　エレクトリツシエ　グリユーランペン　ミツト　ベシユレンクテル　ハフツング 電子ユニットを備えたランプ口金
JP4916610B2 (ja) * 2000-11-30 2012-04-18 ヴァレオ ビジョン 放電ランプと改良型電磁遮蔽手段とを備える自動車用ヘッドライト
JP4496514B2 (ja) 2001-07-06 2010-07-07 株式会社デンソー 放電灯装置
JP3717831B2 (ja) * 2001-10-12 2005-11-16 ソーラム株式会社 ランプ装置
WO2003073465A1 (en) * 2002-02-28 2003-09-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Light engine and vehicle with light engine
DE10339587A1 (de) * 2003-08-26 2005-03-24 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Transformator, Lampensockel mit einem Transformator und Hochdruckentladungslampe
DE10339591A1 (de) * 2003-08-26 2005-03-24 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Lampensockel für eine Hockdruckentladungslampe und Hochdruckentladungslampe
JP4293004B2 (ja) * 2004-02-04 2009-07-08 株式会社デンソー 放電灯点灯装置
DE102004044368A1 (de) * 2004-09-10 2006-03-16 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Transformator und Zündvorrichtung mit einem Transformator sowie Hochdruckentladungslampe mit einem Transformator
DE102004058881A1 (de) * 2004-12-06 2006-06-08 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Hochdruckentladungslampe und Beleuchtungsvorrichtung mit Hochdruckentladungslampe
WO2006108394A1 (de) * 2005-04-14 2006-10-19 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Hochdruckgasentladungslampeimpulszündvorrichtung mit piezoelektrischem transformator
EP1979920B1 (de) 2006-01-20 2012-03-07 Vogt Electronic Components GmbH Zündtransformator und zündmodul für eine entladungsleuchte
CN103216801A (zh) * 2006-10-12 2013-07-24 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 照明装置
DE102006052752A1 (de) * 2006-11-08 2008-05-15 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Unterbau für eine elektrische Lampe
US7746211B2 (en) * 2006-12-27 2010-06-29 General Electric Company Lamp transformer assembly
US8072308B2 (en) * 2007-02-26 2011-12-06 General Electric Company High voltage transformer and a novel arrangement/method for hid automotive headlamps
US7686461B2 (en) * 2007-06-12 2010-03-30 General Electric Company Integral ballast-igniter-lamp unit for a high intensity discharge lamp
CN102017045B (zh) * 2008-04-25 2013-11-06 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 灯和制造灯的方法
DE102008031254A1 (de) 2008-07-02 2010-01-07 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hochdruckentladungslampe
DE102008056931B4 (de) * 2008-11-12 2012-11-08 Vogt Electronic Components Gmbh Halter für eine Gasentladungslampe, Lichtquelle und Scheinwerfer
DE102008059561A1 (de) * 2008-11-28 2010-06-10 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Integrierte Gasentladungslampe
DE102009009033B4 (de) * 2009-02-16 2020-11-12 SUMIDA Components & Modules GmbH Gehäuse für einen Zündtransformator, Transformatorvorrichtung und Vorschaltelektronik für eine Gasentladungslampe
DE102009015572A1 (de) 2009-03-30 2010-10-07 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hochdruckentladungslampe
DE102009016876B4 (de) * 2009-04-08 2019-09-05 Osram Gmbh Beleuchtungseinheit für Fahrzeugscheinwerfer und Fahrzeugscheinwerfer
DE102009018448A1 (de) * 2009-04-22 2010-10-28 Automotive Lighting Reutlingen Gmbh Beleuchtungseinrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeugs
KR200455463Y1 (ko) * 2009-08-21 2011-09-07 (주)맥스럭 분리형 점화장치 조립체를 구비한 ｈｉｄ램프
DE102009054376B4 (de) 2009-11-11 2011-09-01 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hochdruckentladungslampe
EP2502244A4 (en) * 2009-11-16 2013-07-10 300K Entpr Pty Ltd CONTACTLESS COUPLING AND METHOD OF USE WITH AN ELECTRICAL DEVICE
DE102010045848A1 (de) * 2010-09-17 2012-03-22 Automotive Lighting Reutlingen Gmbh Kraftfahrzeugscheinwerfer mit einer Gasentladungslampe
DE102012201701A1 (de) 2012-02-06 2013-08-08 Osram Gmbh Hochdruckentladungslampe
DE102012204324A1 (de) 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Osram Gmbh Zündvorrichtung für eine Hochdruckentladungslampe und Betriebsvorrichtung mit einer derartigen Zündvorrichtung
CN104246968A (zh) * 2012-04-27 2014-12-24 皇家飞利浦有限公司 具有嵌入在绝缘化合物中的电气组件的灯
DE102013200870B4 (de) * 2013-01-21 2019-10-10 SUMIDA Components & Modules GmbH Entladungslampe und Vorrichtung zum Zünden und Betreiben eines Brenners einer Entladungslampe
DE102014214852A1 (de) 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 Osram Gmbh Betriebsvorrichtung für eine Lampe und Lampe mit Betriebsvorrichtung
EP3529649A1 (en) 2016-10-21 2019-08-28 DURA Operating, LLC Light module for illuminating an outer component of a vehicle, and process for manufacturing such light module
CN110050156A (zh) * 2016-10-21 2019-07-23 德韧营运有限责任公司 用于照亮车辆外组件的光模块及这种光模块的制造方法
US11397299B2 (en) 2016-10-21 2022-07-26 Dus Operating Inc. Light module for illuminating an outer component of a vehicle, and process for manufacturing such light module
FR3062278B1 (fr) * 2017-01-24 2020-08-28 Valeo Vision Module electronique comprenant un dissipateur thermique plastique metallise

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DE19610385A1 (de) 1996-03-16 1997-09-18 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gasentladungslampe, insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeug-Scheinwerfer
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005007659A1 (de) * 2005-02-19 2006-08-24 Hella Kgaa Hueck & Co. Brenner für eine Gasentladungslampe und Verfahren zur Herstellung des Brenners
US7760061B2 (en) 2006-08-31 2010-07-20 General Electric Company Lamp transformer
US7855625B2 (en) 2006-08-31 2010-12-21 General Electric Company Lamp transformer
WO2011144403A1 (de) 2010-05-20 2011-11-24 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Schaltungsanordnung zum zünden von hochdruck-entladungslampen
DE102010029146A1 (de) 2010-05-20 2011-11-24 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Schaltungsanordnung zum Zünden von Hochdruckentladungslampen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUP9902357A2 (hu) 2000-02-28
HUP9902357A3 (en) 2001-05-28
DE59908285D1 (de) 2004-02-19
US6462476B1 (en) 2002-10-08
DE19831042A1 (de) 2000-02-17
HU9902357D0 (en) 1999-09-28
ES2214771T3 (es) 2004-09-16
CA2276583C (en) 2006-11-28
KR100623140B1 (ko) 2006-09-12
HU221945B1 (hu) 2003-02-28
EP0975007A1 (de) 2000-01-26
JP2000040596A (ja) 2000-02-08
CA2276583A1 (en) 2000-01-13
KR20000011632A (ko) 2000-02-25

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