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EP0916491B1 - Procédé pour déterminer des gradients colorimétriques - Google Patents

Procédé pour déterminer des gradients colorimétriques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0916491B1
EP0916491B1 EP98118823A EP98118823A EP0916491B1 EP 0916491 B1 EP0916491 B1 EP 0916491B1 EP 98118823 A EP98118823 A EP 98118823A EP 98118823 A EP98118823 A EP 98118823A EP 0916491 B1 EP0916491 B1 EP 0916491B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
color
value
tone
discrete
picture element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98118823A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0916491A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Ott
Kurt Rüegg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0916491A1 publication Critical patent/EP0916491A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • B41F33/0045—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control for automatically regulating the ink supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the color value gradients Image element of a printed image when the layer thickness changes on the print participating printing inks according to the preamble of the independent claim.
  • a typical one Color distance-controlled control method is for example in EP-B2-0 228 347 and described in DE 195 15 499 C2.
  • one with the Printing press printed sheets in a number of test areas related to of a selected color coordinate system measured colorimetrically. From the the color coordinates obtained in the process become the color distance vectors towards the same Color coordinate system related target color coordinates are calculated.
  • This Color distance vectors are calculated with the help of color value gradients Layer thickness change vectors converted, and the control of the color of the Printing machine is converted on the basis of the color difference vectors Layer thickness change vectors made.
  • the fields are the test areas of color control strips printed with the actual printed image.
  • scanners have become known, which allow a large number of the entire image content of a printed sheet of relatively small picture elements with reasonable effort and in a very short time measured colorimetrically or spectrophotometrically.
  • These scanners offer the basic metrological requirements for the regulation of Ink guide of a printing machine not only to use test strips printed with it, but the color information from all picture elements of the whole actual To use the printed image for this purpose.
  • a difficulty with this as a so-called Measurement in the picture is by the in the Given the four-color printing problem of the black component, to which As is well known, not only the printing ink black itself, but also that superimposed colored colors contribute.
  • EP 143 744 A1 describes a method for regulating the color guidance in an offset printing press in which the remissions in four on each picture element spectral ranges can be measured separately.
  • the remission values are in Area coverage converted. From a target-actual comparison of remission values control signals for controlling the color guidance are derived.
  • the Invention determines the color value gradients enable with practically reasonable effort and high speed and are the prerequisites for the computational feasibility of the To create press control based on measurements in the printed image.
  • a printing press in particular a multi-color offset printing press, Print sheets 3, which the desired print image and possibly additionally have pressure control elements.
  • the sheets 3 are the ongoing printing process and a spectrophotometric Scanning device 2 supplied. This scans the printed sheets 3 essentially the entire surface from pixel to pixel.
  • the size of each Picture elements 4 is typically about 2.5 mm x 2.5 mm, corresponding to around 130,000 Image elements 4 with a printing sheet 3 of common dimensions.
  • the one from the Sampling device 2 generates samples, typically spectral Remission values are essentially made up of a computer Evaluation device 5 is analyzed and input variables for one of the Control unit 9 assigned to printing press 1, which in turn processes the Coloring elements of the printing press 1 in accordance with these input parameters controls.
  • the input variables are, at least in the case of an offset printing press 1, typically around zonal layer thickness changes for the individual inks involved in printing.
  • the determination of the above Input variables or changes in layer thickness are made by comparing the Sampled values or quantities derived therefrom, in particular color measurement values (Color locations or color vectors) of a so-called OK sheet 3 with the corresponding sizes of one taken from the current printing process Printing sheet 3 in the sense that the by the input sizes or Changes in layer thickness caused changes in the settings of the Coloring organs of the printing press 1 the best possible adjustment of the color impression of the printed sheets 3 to the OK sheet 3 Consequence.
  • another OK sheet 3 can also be used Reference can be used, for example corresponding default values or corresponding values obtained from prepress.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is the inclusion of the printing ink black in the determination of the color value gradients and the input variables calculated with the aid thereof for the press control.
  • the printing sheets 3 are not only measured in the visible spectral range (approx. 400-700 nm), but also at at least one point in the near infrared, where only the printing ink black has a significant absorption. This makes it possible to selectively record the influence of the printing ink black on the color impression.
  • the reflectance spectra of the individual picture elements 4 thus consist of reflectance values in the visible spectral range, typically 16 reflectance values at intervals of 20 nm each, and a reflectance value in the near infrared range.
  • Color values (color coordinates, color vectors, color locations) relating to a selected color space are calculated from the reflectance values of the visible spectral range. It is preferable to choose a color space that is equally spaced in terms of perception, typically the so-called L, a, b color space according to CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage).
  • L, a, b color space
  • CIE Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage
  • the color and infrared values L, a, b and I present after the scanning of a printing sheet 3 for each individual picture element 4 form the starting point for the calculation of the color value gradients and with the aid of the input variables for the printing press control device 9. These calculations are also carried out in the evaluation device 5.
  • color locus in the four-dimensional color space is understood to mean a point in the color space, the four coordinates of which are the four components of the color vector.
  • the color vectors of the picture elements of the OK sheet or another reference are often also referred to as target color vectors.
  • ⁇ (L i - L r ) 2 + (a i - a r ) 2 + (b i - b r ) 2 + (I i - I r ) 2 ⁇ 0.5 where the indices i and r in turn have the meaning given.
  • the computer of the evaluation device 5 calculates the color distance vector ⁇ F for each picture element 4 of the current printed sheet 3 from the color vectors F determined on this and the OK sheet 3.
  • the indices c, g, m and s stand for the printing inks cyan, yellow, magenta and black, the correspondingly indexed components of the vector are the relative changes in layer thickness for the printing ink indicated by the index.
  • the coefficients of the sensitivity matrix S are usually called Color value gradients.
  • 16 Color value gradients each represent the summary term sensitivity matrix used.
  • the sensitivity matrix S is a linear replacement model for the relationship between the changes in the layer thickness of the printing inks involved in the printing and the resulting changes in the color impression of the with the changed Layer thickness values of printed picture element 4.
  • the visual color impression (technically the color value, color locus or color vector) of a picture element 4 is in offset raster printing by the percentage Raster values (area coverage) of the printing inks involved and, to a lesser extent Mass determined by the layer thickness of the printing inks.
  • the grid values or Area coverage (0-100%) is due to the underlying printing plates fixed and practically unchangeable. Influenced the color impression and thus can only be regulated under the given pressure conditions via the Layer thicknesses of the printing inks involved.
  • the terms "grid value” and "Area coverage” is used synonymously below.
  • the entirety of all possible combinations R of percentage grid values of the involved Printing inks (usually cyan, yellow, magenta, black) are in the following as Grid space (four-dimensional) called.
  • each Raster value combination R corresponds to each Raster value combination R a precisely defined color impression or color vector F the picture element 4 printed with this raster value combination R; so it exists a clear assignment of raster value combination R to color location or Color vector F; the grid space can be clearly mapped onto the color space, whereby however, the color space is not completely occupied because it is also not printable Contains color locations. Conversely, there is generally no clear relationship.
  • the Color vector F belonging to any raster value combination R can be empirically determined determined by test prints or by means of a suitable model, which the Printing process sufficiently accurate under the given printing conditions describes, can be calculated.
  • a suitable model is e.g.
  • the model sets knowledge of the reflectance spectra of single-color full tones, some Overprinting full tones and some grid fields all on the print involved inks with the nominal layer thicknesses of the inks ahead. These reflectance spectra can be measured very easily using a test print. If the characteristics of the printing press 1 are known, simple ones are sufficient Measurements on solid tones.
  • the mentioned model to a limited number of possible Raster value combinations R the associated color vector F and the associated Sensitivity matrix S calculated in advance and stored in a table.
  • This the entirety of all sensitivity matrices S and color vectors F calculated in this way containing table is referred to below as a raster color table RFT.
  • associated raster value combination R is calculated and based on this Raster value combination R the associated sensitivity matrix S from the pre-calculated raster color table. That way it is without Excessive computational effort possible for each pixel 4 very quickly determine the required sensitivity matrix.
  • a number of, for example, 1296 equally spaced discrete halftone value combinations R iR (6 discrete halftone percentage values A C , A G , A M , A S for the printing colors cyan, yellow, magenta, black) are defined in the raster space as follows : i 0 1 2 3 4 5 A C 0 20 40 60 80 100% A G 0 20 40 60 80 100% A M 0 20 40 60 80 100% A S 0 20 40 60 80 100%
  • I (A C ) .... is the value of the index i for the respective discrete screen value of the respective printing ink.
  • a sensitivity matrix S iR is calculated and stored in the raster color table.
  • the calculated color vector F iR belonging to the discrete raster value combinations R iR is also stored in the table.
  • the raster color table RFT thus contains a total of 1296 color vectors F iR and 1296 associated sensitivity matrices S iR .
  • the grid space is preferably quantized in two stages.
  • the first stage for only 256 discrete halftone value combinations (corresponding to four discrete halftone percentage values 0%, 40%, 80%, 100% for each of the printing colors cyan, yellow, magenta, black), the associated color vectors and the are based on the offset printing model associated sensitivity matrices.
  • the second stage the associated color vectors and sensitivity matrices for the missing raster percentage values 20% and 60% are then calculated by linear interpolation from the color vectors and sensitivity matrices of the 16 nearest discrete raster value combinations.
  • a sensitivity matrix S iR whose associated discrete raster value combination R iR is closest to the raster value combination R calculated from the color vector F is now assigned to a color vector F determined for a picture element 4.
  • the calculated raster value combination is replaced by R each closest discrete halftone value combination R iR and receives associated with the precalculated to this discrete halftone value combination R iR sensitivity matrix S iR.
  • the screen value combinations (R iR ) and the color value gradients (S iR ) can be determined by interpolation from the screen color table (RFT).
  • the (including infrared value I four-dimensional) color space is also subjected to quantization, ie divided into a number of subspaces, for determining the raster value combination R from the color vector F.
  • quantization ie divided into a number of subspaces, for determining the raster value combination R from the color vector F.
  • a number of discrete color locations F iF are defined in the color space.
  • the four-dimensional color space can be quantized such that each dimension L, a, b, I of the color space can only assume 11 discrete values, resulting in a total of 14641 discrete color locations F iF : i 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8th 9 10 L 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 a -75 -60 -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 60 75 b -45 -30 -15 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 I 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
  • the associated raster value combinations R iF are calculated using the particularly advantageous calculation method explained below and, if they do not coincide with a discrete raster value combination R iR , are replaced by the closest discrete raster value combination R iR .
  • this mapping is calculated in advance and stored in an assignment table referred to below as the raster index table RIT.
  • each color vector F determined for a picture element 4 is replaced by the closest discrete color location F iF .
  • the discrete raster value combination R iR assigned to this discrete color location F iF is then taken from the raster index table RIT, and the corresponding sensitivity matrix S iR and the color vector F and thus the image element 4 are read out from the raster color table RFT assigned.
  • the sensitivity matrix S can be determined with comparatively little computation effort and accordingly quickly for any picture element 4 on the basis of the color vector F determined for it, with sufficient accuracy for practice.
  • the (four-dimensional) color space is divided into 81 sub-areas T iT as follows: i 0 1 2 L (0..120) 0..20..40 40..60..80 80..100..120 a (-90 .. + 90) -90 ..- 60 ..- 30 -30..0 .. + 30 +30 .. + 60 .. + 90 b (-60 .. + 120) -60 ..- 30.0 0 .. + 30 .. + 60 +60 .. + 90 .. + 120 I (0..120) 0..20..40 40..60..80 80..100..120
  • iT i (L) * 3 0 + i (a) * 3 1 + i (b) * 3 2 + i (I) * 3 3
  • A means the raster vector with the raster percentage values A C , A G , A M , A S of the four printing inks involved as components and U iT a conversion matrix with 16 coefficients, which shows the partial derivatives (gradients) of the components of the raster vector according to the components of the color vector are. If the conversion matrices U iT of the individual partial areas T iT are known, the associated raster vector A or the associated raster value combination R can thus be calculated for each color vector F.
  • the problem is therefore reduced to the calculation of the conversion matrices U iT for the individual partial areas T iT or more precisely for the color vectors F iT from their centers.
  • the conversion matrices are calculated using a weighted linear compensation calculation using the values from the raster-color table RFT explained above, that is to say the 1296 discrete raster value combinations R iR and the associated discrete color vectors F iR .
  • RFT raster-color table
  • the weight of the support points, ie the discrete color locations F iR of the raster color table, for the compensation calculation is determined according to a suitable function with the color distance between the support points and the respective color vector F iT as parameters.
  • the compensation calculation is linear, ie there are discontinuities at the transitions of the individual sub-areas T iT , which are insignificant in practice.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Facsimile Image Signal Circuits (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Procédé pour déterminer les gradients de valeurs chromatiques d'un élément d'image d'une image imprimée, dans le cas de variations de l'épaisseur de couche des encres d'impression participant à l'impression, d'après lequel on explore l'élément d'image (4) par voie photoélectrique dans le domaine visible du spectre, et on déduit des signaux d'exploration obtenus à cette occasion les gradients des valeurs chromatiques,
    et d'après lequel, à partir des signaux d'exploration du domaine visible du spectre, on forme des coordonnées chromatiques (L, a, b) d'un système chromatique d'écart approximativement équivalent sur le plan de la perception,
    caractérisé en ce qu'on explore l'élément d'image (4) par voie photoélectrique, en supplément dans le domaine du proche infrarouge du spectre,
    en ce qu'à partir des siqnaux d'exploration du domaine infrarouge, on forme au moins une valeur d'infrarouge (I),
    et en ce qu'on calcule les gradients de valeurs chromatiques (S) à partir des coordonnées chromatiques et de ladite au moins une valeur d'infrarouge,
    en calculant, pour un premier nombre prescrit de combinaisons discrètes de valeurs de trame (RiR) des encres d'impression participant à l'impression, des gradients associés de valeurs chromatiques (SiR) et en les stockant dans un tableau trame-chromatisme (RFT de Raster-Farb-Tabelle),
    en calculant pour l'élément d'image (4), à partir des coordonnées chromatiques (L,a,b) et de ladite au moins une valeur d'infrarouge (I), la combinaison de valeurs de trame (R) associée des encres d'impression participant à l'impression,
    et en affectant à l'élément d'image (4) les gradients de valeurs chromatiques (SiR) issue du tableau trame-chromatisme (RFT), dont la combinaison discrète associée de valeurs de trame (RiR) se rapproche le plus de la combinaison de valeurs de trame (R) calculée pour l'élément d'image (4).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on forme un espace chromatique à quatre dimensions dont les coordonnées sont les coordonnées chromatiques (L,a,b) et la valeur d'infrarouge (I),
    en ce que dans cet espace chromatique à quatre dimensions, on définit un second nombre prescrit de lieux chromatiques discrets (FiF), on calcule pour chacun de ces lieux chromatiques discrets la combinaison de valeurs de trame (R) associée des encres d'impression participant à l'impression, on remplace cette combinaison de valeurs de trame (R) par la combinaison discrète de valeurs de trame (RiR) la plus proche dans le tableau trame-chromatisme (RFT), et on stocke les lieux chromatiques discrets (FiF) en association avec les combinaisons discrètes de valeurs de trame (RiR) dans un tableau trame-index (RIT de Raster-Index-Tabelle),
    et en ce que pour la détermination des gradients des valeurs chromatiques de l'élément d'image (4), on forme à partir des coordonnées chromatiques (L,a,b) et de la valeur d'infrarouge (I) de cet éléments d'image (4), les coordonnées d'un lieu chromatique dans l'espace chromatique à quatre dimensions, on remplace ce lieu chromatique par le lieu chromatique discret (FiF) le plus proche, on prélève dans le tableau trame-index (RIT) la combinaison discrète de valeurs de trame (RiR) associée à ce lieu chromatique discret (FiF), on prélève dans le tableau trame-chromatisme (RFT) les gradients de valeurs chromatiques (SiR) associés à cette combinaison discrète de valeurs de trame (RiR), et on affecte ces gradients de valeurs chromatiques (SiR) à l'élément d'image (4).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la combinaison de valeurs de trame (RiR) et les gradients de valeurs chromatiques (SiR) sont déterminés par interpolation à partir du tableau trame-chromatisme (RFT).
EP98118823A 1997-11-06 1998-10-05 Procédé pour déterminer des gradients colorimétriques Expired - Lifetime EP0916491B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19749064 1997-11-06
DE19749064A DE19749064A1 (de) 1997-11-06 1997-11-06 Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Farbwertgradienten

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0916491A1 EP0916491A1 (fr) 1999-05-19
EP0916491B1 true EP0916491B1 (fr) 2003-02-19

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EP98118823A Expired - Lifetime EP0916491B1 (fr) 1997-11-06 1998-10-05 Procédé pour déterminer des gradients colorimétriques

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US (1) US6012390A (fr)
EP (1) EP0916491B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4664452B2 (fr)
DE (2) DE19749064A1 (fr)

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DE50203350D1 (de) 2002-08-05 2005-07-14 Gretag Macbeth Ag Regensdorf Druckverfahren
FI118759B (fi) * 2005-07-01 2008-03-14 Upm Kymmene Oyj Menetelmä ja laitteisto painojäljen laadun tarkkailemiseksi
US7645014B2 (en) * 2006-06-02 2010-01-12 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Infrared light absorbent dye
DE102007008017A1 (de) * 2007-02-15 2008-08-21 Gretag-Macbeth Ag Farbspaltungskorrekturverfahren
DE102008022770B4 (de) * 2007-05-30 2018-01-11 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Verfahren zur Umrechnung von Farbmesswerten in polarisierter oder unpolarisierter Form
JP2009113213A (ja) * 2007-11-01 2009-05-28 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 印刷模擬システム及び印刷模擬方法並びに印刷管理システム
DE102008058132A1 (de) * 2008-11-14 2010-05-20 opTricon GmbH Entwicklungsesellschaft für optische Technologien Gerät und Verfahren zur Auswertung und Bewertung eines Teststreifens
DE102010009226B4 (de) * 2009-03-13 2024-02-15 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Verfahren zur Steuerung des Farbauftrags in einer Druckmaschine

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DE3220360A1 (de) * 1982-05-29 1983-12-01 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag, 6900 Heidelberg Einrichtung zur beeinflussung der farbgebung an druckmaschinen
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DE4431270C2 (de) * 1993-10-21 1997-01-16 Roland Man Druckmasch Verfahren zur Steuerung der Farbführung einer autotypisch arbeitenden Druckmaschine
DE4343905C2 (de) * 1993-12-22 1996-02-15 Roland Man Druckmasch Verfahren zur Steuerung der Farbführung bei einer Druckmaschine
DE4415486C2 (de) * 1994-05-03 1998-06-04 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung der zulässigen Toleranzen für die Steuerung oder Regelung der Farbgebung an einer Druckmaschine
DE19515499C2 (de) * 1995-04-27 1997-03-06 Heidelberger Druckmasch Ag Verfahren zur simultanen Mehrfarbregelung beim Drucken
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EP0143744A1 (fr) * 1983-11-04 1985-06-05 GRETAG Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif d'analyse de qualité d'impression et/ou de réglage d'encre dans une rotative offset et rotative offset équipée d'un tel dispositif

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE19749064A1 (de) 1999-05-12
JPH11216847A (ja) 1999-08-10
US6012390A (en) 2000-01-11
DE59807237D1 (de) 2003-03-27
EP0916491A1 (fr) 1999-05-19
JP4664452B2 (ja) 2011-04-06

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