EP0895860B1 - Vorrichtung zur Verhinderung von Druckwerksbeschädigungen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur Verhinderung von Druckwerksbeschädigungen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0895860B1 EP0895860B1 EP98113629A EP98113629A EP0895860B1 EP 0895860 B1 EP0895860 B1 EP 0895860B1 EP 98113629 A EP98113629 A EP 98113629A EP 98113629 A EP98113629 A EP 98113629A EP 0895860 B1 EP0895860 B1 EP 0895860B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- web
- proceding
- monitors
- controller
- deflection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H26/00—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions, for web-advancing mechanisms
- B65H26/02—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions, for web-advancing mechanisms responsive to presence of irregularities in running webs
- B65H26/025—Warning or safety devices, e.g. automatic fault detectors, stop-motions, for web-advancing mechanisms responsive to presence of irregularities in running webs responsive to web breakage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
- B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
- B41F33/18—Web break detection
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2406/00—Means using fluid
- B65H2406/10—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium
- B65H2406/12—Means using fluid made only for exhausting gaseous medium producing gas blast
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2553/00—Sensing or detecting means
- B65H2553/40—Sensing or detecting means using optical, e.g. photographic, elements
- B65H2553/41—Photoelectric detectors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for the detection of Web defects to prevent damage to the printing unit in a web-fed rotary printing press that is one of a roll that fed on a reel changer, fed web printed, in which an error detection device is provided, which each have a deflection device in the area of both web edges, by means of one with trouble-free operation of the train surmountable, acting transversely to the transport level of the train Deflection force can be generated, and one change each Detecting observation device, the optical Axis essentially opposite to the transport plane of the train perpendicular direction of the deflection force at least in the longitudinal direction the web is tilted, the two observation devices the error detection device as fiber optic sensors are trained.
- Such a device is known from US-A 5 389 795. at this known arrangement is the observation device practically designed as a light barrier, in which a between Transmitter and receiver, linear light beam is produced. This is from an undamaged track interrupted and intervenes in the event of a train damage Transmitter and receiver through. The known arrangement is therefore able to generate a yes-no signal.
- the transmitters and receivers of the fiber optic sensors in one that can be pressurized with compressed air, with a small nozzle-shaped opening provided the housing of each assigned deflection device arranged.
- DE-A 36 40 101 shows a device for preventing Damage to printing unit in a web-fed rotary printing press with an error detection device that before the first Printing unit is arranged.
- the Fault detection device in front of the first printing unit Rotary printing press is arranged that the fiber-optic sensors of the error detection device Output a signal dependent on the shadowing caused by the web and that the the transmitter and receiver of the fiber optic Optical fiber fibers forming sensors each inform of elongated Rows of fibers in a slot facing one of the web provided, own housing, the end with compressed air is acted upon as at the ends of the fiber rows Flushing purge air escapes through the slot.
- the Design of the elements of the fiber optic according to the invention Sensors advantageously results in a wide band of light that the web is more or less shadowed.
- the flushing of the fiber ends of transmitter and receiver arranged in rows the fiber optic sensors with compressed air, which with the for Deflection of the web used compressed air has nothing to do enables reliable flushing and keeping the Fiber ends so that the width of the light band even with robust Operating conditions due to pollution etc. not can be affected. From the degree of shadowing wide strips of light through the web is therefore the size of everyone relevant, lateral web defects and in particular also the Previously very feared glue errors can be recorded directly in terms of amount.
- the measures according to the invention accordingly offer in advantageously guarantee that not only found is that there is an error at all, but also which one Errors, so that the initiation is more appropriate in each individual case Remedial action is possible. Since the invention Measures depending on the degree of shadowing, i.e. a can generate an amount-dependent signal in an advantageous manner a tolerance band can also be permitted within which Fluctuations are tolerated. Since the detection device according to the invention even before the first Printing unit is arranged and web defects, which are usually in the amount of the first pressure wave could lead to side winders recognizes, can be traced back to this Avoid damage to the printing unit reliably.
- the structure and mode of operation of web-fed rotary printing presses as well as this parent Role changers are known per se and therefore require in no further explanation in the present context.
- the Figure 1 shows a first printing unit 1 Web-fed rotary printing press, one of which is unwound from a roll 2 Lane 3 is fed. The roll 2 is taken up on a roll changer 4, which enables an automatic roll change to be carried out.
- the first printing unit 1 is a web 3 run through Fault detection device 5 upstream. This is as close as possible to the reel changer 4, arranged approximately in the area of the exit of the reel changer 4, so that between the passage of a web defect through the fault detection device and the entry of this defect into the first printing unit 1 as much time as possible stands to initiate appropriate measures. If a defect in web 3 is detected the cylinders of all printing units of the web-fed rotary printing press are Brought printing off, so that the faulty location of the web 3 without cylinder contact passes.
- Detection units 6 are provided in the area of both web edges, which according to FIG in each case an observation device 7 and a deflection device assigned to it 8 included.
- the deflection device 8 consists of two in the example shown arranged above or below the web 3, in the longitudinal direction of the web 3 offset organs. These are here to be acted upon with compressed air Blower nozzles designed to provide a non-contact deflection of a voltage-free Enable web area. The use of suction nozzles would also be conceivable.
- the blowing nozzles forming the deflection device 8 are perpendicular to the Transport plane of the web 3 extending axis arranged. By in the longitudinal direction the web offset arrangement are overlapping web ends that have no fixed mutual connection, reliably stand out, is clearly shown in Figure 1. This creates a gap 9 through which the observation device 7 can look through.
- the observation device 7 is designed as an optical sensor, which in each case consists of two elements arranged above or below the web 3 inform of the transmitter 7a and receiver 7b.
- the optical axis a of the observation device 7 optical sensor is at least in the longitudinal direction of the web opposite the to the web plane essentially perpendicular to the direction through the deflection device 8 generated deflection force tilted, as Figure 1 clearly shows.
- a tilt angle of 60 ° has proven to be useful in experiments.
- a Tilt can be provided in the direction of the width of the web.
- the optical axis a Provided when changing roles the new sheet is glued to the old sheet from the bottom is the optical axis a with its upper area against the running direction of the web tipped back and vice versa.
- the arrangement tilted in the longitudinal direction of the web 3 of the sensor forming the observation device 7 ensures that the optical Axis a is a gap 9 opened by the deflection device 8 between one another can penetrate overlapping web ends, as Figure 1 clearly shows.
- the optical axis a would run in a plane perpendicular to the orbital plane, the Gap 9 may not be penetrated due to overlap still present.
- the optical sensors provided to form the observation device 7 are designed as fiber optic sensors, their transmitters or receivers are arranged at the end of a light guide 10 formed by a fiber bundle, as can be seen from Figure 3.
- the elements of the observation device 7 are over its light guide 10, as shown in FIG. 2, is connected to a control device 11 which those for generating the emitted light and for processing the received Contains light required electrical and electronic equipment.
- the Control device 11, a computer for processing the incoming signals has sufficient distance from the web 3 so that electrostatic discharges do not cause interference to the electrical and electronic elements can.
- the fiber bundle forming the light guide 10 runs, as shown in FIG. 3, in a housing 12 having a slot 13 facing the web 3, which as Light exit slit or light entry slit acts.
- the housing ends of the Optical fibers are inform a single or multi-line, the slot 13 assigned Row 14 arranged so that 13 emits light through the slot or can be received.
- the chamber 15 delimited by the housing 12 is, as can be seen from FIG. 4, with provided with a compressed air connection 16 and pressurized with compressed air. This exits through the slot 13, being purge air at the ends of the row 14 forming optical fibers flow past and keep them clean. Resulting from this high functional reliability and maintenance-free operation.
- the fiber rows 14 of the transmitter and receiver of the sensors are exactly on top of each other aligned.
- the receiver is through the path 3 partially covered and therefore only receives part of that from the assigned transmitter emitted light.
- the basic setting of the detection units 6 is such that in the area of the two web edges in each case 50% of the light is shadowed.
- the sled 17 are useful mechanically adjustable, such as by a motor 18 and one driven therefrom indicated in engagement with the associated carriage 17 spindle drive 19 is.
- the motors 18 can be controlled by means of the control device 11.
- the positioning the detection units 6 take place when the printing press is already running, useful during the start-up phase. After positioning, the Evaluation of the sensor signals released. This can be done manually from Control panel 20 of the printing press can be initiated, such as through a signal line 21 is indicated. But also an automatic release after positioning is completed could be possible.
- the commands formed by evaluating the sensor signals to initiate the processes already described above, such as "printing from” etc., are transferred from the control device 11 to the printing press control, as indicated by the signal line 22.
- the control device 11 is also assigned a memory 23, by means of which the temporal signal curve logged and thus recorded in a traceable manner.
- FIG. 5 shows the course of the intensity I of the sensors S1 or S2 generated signals over time t, the signal curves in three columns I, II, III of three selected cases are shown below each Signal curve are indicated.
- Column I is based on a normal web run.
- the sensors S1, S2 assigned to the two web edges remain here emitted signals within the set tolerance band 24.
- the width of the tolerance band 24 is dependent on individual boundary conditions, e.g. machine-dependent, adjustable. Also different widths in the area both machine sides are conceivable in this context.
- the column III of FIG. 5 is the case for one one-sided defect of the web 3. This can be an incomplete one Adhesion in the area of the joint between two successive webs or around a minor lateral crack etc., which can be attributed to transport damage etc. is act. In this case, only the signal of the person detecting the defect moves Sensor S1 out of the tolerance band 24, which also triggers of an order.
- the error detection device 5 is continuous from the release until it is switched off active. Accordingly, the ones forming the observation devices 7 Sensors are permanently exposed to light and which form the deflection devices 8 Compressed air permanently applied to nozzles. The one exerted by the compressed air Of course, the pressure is at a level that none with normal train trains Deflection results.
Landscapes
- Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
- Controlling Rewinding, Feeding, Winding, Or Abnormalities Of Webs (AREA)
- Registering, Tensioning, Guiding Webs, And Rollers Therefor (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1
- eine schematische Ansicht einer Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
- Figur 2
- eine schematische Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit quergeschnittener Bahn,
- Figur 3
- eine Draufsicht auf einen faseroptischen Sensor der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung,
- Figur 4
- einen Schnitt entlang der Linie IV/IV in Figur 3 und
- Figur 5
- eine Übersicht über den zeitlichen Verlauf der Sensorsignale bei drei verschiedenen Fällen.
Claims (10)
- Vorrichtung zur Detektion von Bahndefekten zur Verhinderung von Druckwerksbeschädigungen bei einer Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine, die eine von einer Rolle (2), die auf einem Rollenwechsler (4) aufgenommen ist, gespeiste Bahn (3) bedruckt, bei der eine Fehlerdetektionseinrichtung (5) vorgesehen ist, die im Bereich beider Bahnkanten jeweils eine Auslenkeinrichtung (8), mittels der eine bei störungsfreiem Betrieb vom Bahnzug überwindbare, quer zur Transportebene der Bahn (3) wirkende Auslenkkraft erzeugbar ist, und jeweils eine Veränderungen feststellende Beobachtungseinrichtung (7) aufweist, deren optische Achse (a) gegenüber der zur Transportebene der Bahn (3) im wesentlichen lotrechten Richtung der Auslenkkraft zumindest in Längsrichtung der Bahn (3) gekippt ist, wobei die beiden Beobachtungseinrichtungen (7) der Fehlerdetektionseinrichtung (5) als faseroptische Sensoren (S1, S2) ausgebildet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fehlerdetektionseinrichtung (5) vor dem ersten Druckwerk (1) der Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine angeordnet ist, dass die faseroptischen Sensoren (S1, S2) der Fehlerdetektionseinrichtung (5) jeweils ein von der Abschattung durch die Bahn (3) abhängiges Signal ausgeben und dass die die Sender und Empfänger der faseroptischen Sensoren (S1, S2) bildenden Lichtleiterfasern jeweils inform von länglichen Faserreihen (14) in einem mit einem der Bahn (3) zugewandten Schlitz (13) versehenen, eigenen Gehäuse (12) enden, das mit Druckluft beaufschlagbar ist, die als an den Enden der Faserreihen (14) vorbeiströmende Spülluft über den Schlitz (13) entweicht.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fehlerdetektionseinrichtung (5) im Bereich des Rollenwechslers (4), vorzugsweise im Bereich des Ausgangs des Rollenwechslers (4), angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auslenkeinrichtung (8) wenigstens zwei auf unterschiedlichen Seiten der Bahn (3) angeordnete, in Längsrichtung der Bahn (3) gegeneinander versetzte Auslenkorgane aufweist, die vorzugsweise als mit Druckluft beaufschlagbare Blasdüsen ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das von der Beobachtungseinrichtung (7) jeweils ausgegebene Signal ein Analogsignal ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Elemente der Beobachtungseinrichtungen (7) über ein Faserbündel (10) mit einer Steuereinrichtung (11) verbunden sind, die einen Rechner zur Verarbeitung der ankommenden Signale aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß, die optische Achse (a) der faseroptischen Sensoren (S1,S2) einen Neigungswinkel von 60° aufweist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Sende- bzw. Empfangselemente der Beobachtungseinrichtungen (7) so eingestellt sind, dass bei störungsfreiem Betrieb die Bahn (3) einen Teil, vorzugsweise 50% des vom Sender ausgesandten Lichts abschattet.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Beobachtungseinrichtungen (7) mit jeweils zugeordneter Auslenkeinrichtung (8) eine Detektionseinheit (6) bilden, die vorzugsweise jeweils auf einem seitlich verstellbar angeordneten, vorzugsweise motorisch antreibbaren und mittels der Steuereinrichtung (11) steuerbaren Schlitten (17) aufgenommen sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mittels der Steuereinrichtung (11) beim Überschreiten eines Toleranzbands (24) vorzugsweise einstellbarer Breite durch mindestens ein Sensorsignal (I) ein Steuerbefehl für die Druckmaschine ausgebbar ist, durch den zum Zeitpunkt des Fehlerdurchlaufs die Druckwerke in die Druckabstellung bringbar und/oder eine Makulaturweiche aktivierbar und/oder eine Fortdruckwaschung unterdrückbar und/oder die Aktivierung einer Bahnfangvorrichtung unterdrückbar ist bzw. sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mittels der Fehlerdetektionseinrichtung (5) detektierten Defekte vorzugsweise mittels eines der Steuereinrichtung (11) zugeordneten Speichers (23) protokollierbar sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19734137A DE19734137C2 (de) | 1997-08-07 | 1997-08-07 | Vorrichtung zur Verhinderung von Druckwerksbeschädigungen |
DE19734137 | 1997-08-07 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0895860A2 EP0895860A2 (de) | 1999-02-10 |
EP0895860A3 EP0895860A3 (de) | 1999-06-16 |
EP0895860B1 true EP0895860B1 (de) | 2002-10-23 |
Family
ID=7838221
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98113629A Expired - Lifetime EP0895860B1 (de) | 1997-08-07 | 1998-07-22 | Vorrichtung zur Verhinderung von Druckwerksbeschädigungen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5947024A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0895860B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH11115161A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1089688C (de) |
DE (2) | DE19734137C2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004017676A1 (de) * | 2004-04-10 | 2005-11-03 | Baldwin Germany Gmbh | Fehlererfassungsvorrichtung einer Rollenrotations-Druckmaschine |
EP1760019A2 (de) | 2005-09-03 | 2007-03-07 | Baldwin Germany GmbH | Bahnbruch-Überwachungseinrichtung für Rollenrotationsdruckmaschinen |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10256312A1 (de) * | 2002-12-03 | 2004-06-17 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Zustands-Informations-System zur Messwerterfassung bei der Erzeugung, Bearbeitung oder Verarbeitung eines Materials, insbesondere bei einer Bedruckstoffbahn in einer Rollenrotationsdruckmaschine |
DE10327910B4 (de) * | 2003-06-20 | 2012-01-26 | Baldwin Germany Gmbh | Bahnfangvorrichtung |
JP4651968B2 (ja) * | 2004-04-27 | 2011-03-16 | 東北リコー株式会社 | 印刷装置 |
JP2007307889A (ja) * | 2006-04-19 | 2007-11-29 | Komori Corp | 印刷機のウェブ検出装置 |
DE102006050906B3 (de) * | 2006-10-28 | 2008-05-29 | Baldwin Germany Gmbh | Automatische Bahnfangvorrichtung für Rollenrotationsdruckmaschinen |
SE535634C2 (sv) | 2010-11-16 | 2012-10-23 | Andritz Tech & Asset Man Gmbh | Cellulosatork som har nedre blåslådor samt förfarande för torkning av en bana av cellulosamassa |
CN104290431A (zh) * | 2014-11-07 | 2015-01-21 | 合肥大安印刷有限责任公司 | 断纸截止机构 |
Family Cites Families (16)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1320898A (en) * | 1969-07-07 | 1973-06-20 | British Steel Corp | Strip measuring unit and split edge detector |
US3906232A (en) * | 1973-10-31 | 1975-09-16 | Butler Automatic Inc | Web break detector |
US3928844A (en) * | 1974-06-17 | 1975-12-23 | Butler Automatic Inc | Web break detector system |
DE2701992A1 (de) * | 1977-01-19 | 1978-07-27 | Heinz Walter | Anordnung zur ueberwachung des laufes von insbesondere papierbahnen an druckmaschinen |
US4335316A (en) * | 1980-04-09 | 1982-06-15 | Baldwin-Korthe Web Controls, Inc. | Web break detector with adjustable scanning head |
DD244105A1 (de) * | 1985-12-13 | 1987-03-25 | Hank Dietrich Dr Ing | Sicherheitsvorrichtung zum steuern einer rollenrotationsdruckmaschine |
JPH0651546B2 (ja) * | 1988-03-09 | 1994-07-06 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 帯状材料の継目段違い量検出方法 |
US5036706A (en) * | 1989-08-08 | 1991-08-06 | Web Printing Controls Co., Inc. | Sonic web break detector |
DE3939226A1 (de) * | 1989-11-28 | 1991-05-29 | Kotterer Grafotec | Bahnreissschalter |
US5190201A (en) * | 1991-01-16 | 1993-03-02 | Quad/Tech, Inc. | Method and apparatus for detecting the presence of a web within a web dryer |
US5389795A (en) * | 1991-02-11 | 1995-02-14 | Rye; Timothy W. | Method and apparatus for directing air and optical signals to detect edge cracks and other absences of product |
DE4216653C2 (de) * | 1992-05-20 | 1995-12-21 | Voith Gmbh J M | Abrißüberwachungseinrichtung für Papierbahnen |
US5289007A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1994-02-22 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Sheet break detector apparatus |
US5678484A (en) * | 1993-03-25 | 1997-10-21 | Baldwin Web Controls | Anti-wrap device for a web press |
US5652388A (en) * | 1995-08-21 | 1997-07-29 | Baldwin Web Controls | Apparatus and method for detecting printing press web breakage |
JP3452102B2 (ja) * | 1995-11-17 | 2003-09-29 | 日立プリンティングソリューションズ株式会社 | 電子写真装置の用紙検出器 |
-
1997
- 1997-08-07 DE DE19734137A patent/DE19734137C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-07-22 DE DE59806021T patent/DE59806021D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-07-22 EP EP98113629A patent/EP0895860B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-08-03 US US09/127,912 patent/US5947024A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-06 CN CN98116212A patent/CN1089688C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-08-07 JP JP10224898A patent/JPH11115161A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004017676A1 (de) * | 2004-04-10 | 2005-11-03 | Baldwin Germany Gmbh | Fehlererfassungsvorrichtung einer Rollenrotations-Druckmaschine |
DE102004017676B4 (de) * | 2004-04-10 | 2008-09-11 | Baldwin Germany Gmbh | Fehlererfassungsvorrichtung einer Rollenrotations-Druckmaschine |
EP1760019A2 (de) | 2005-09-03 | 2007-03-07 | Baldwin Germany GmbH | Bahnbruch-Überwachungseinrichtung für Rollenrotationsdruckmaschinen |
DE102005041919B4 (de) * | 2005-09-03 | 2008-05-29 | Baldwin Germany Gmbh | Bahnbruch-Überwachungseinrichtung für Rollenrotationsdruckmaschinen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1210072A (zh) | 1999-03-10 |
DE19734137A1 (de) | 1999-02-18 |
US5947024A (en) | 1999-09-07 |
DE59806021D1 (de) | 2002-11-28 |
DE19734137C2 (de) | 2001-07-12 |
EP0895860A3 (de) | 1999-06-16 |
JPH11115161A (ja) | 1999-04-27 |
EP0895860A2 (de) | 1999-02-10 |
CN1089688C (zh) | 2002-08-28 |
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