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EP0887840B1 - Lampe à halogénure métallique avec enveloppe céramique - Google Patents

Lampe à halogénure métallique avec enveloppe céramique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0887840B1
EP0887840B1 EP98110523A EP98110523A EP0887840B1 EP 0887840 B1 EP0887840 B1 EP 0887840B1 EP 98110523 A EP98110523 A EP 98110523A EP 98110523 A EP98110523 A EP 98110523A EP 0887840 B1 EP0887840 B1 EP 0887840B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plug
metal
halide lamp
discharge vessel
metal halide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98110523A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0887840A3 (fr
EP0887840A2 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Dr. Jüngst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH filed Critical Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Publication of EP0887840A2 publication Critical patent/EP0887840A2/fr
Publication of EP0887840A3 publication Critical patent/EP0887840A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0887840B1 publication Critical patent/EP0887840B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/361—Seals between parts of vessel
    • H01J61/363—End-disc seals or plug seals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/38—Exhausting, degassing, filling, or cleaning vessels
    • H01J9/395—Filling vessels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/40—Closing vessels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/827—Metal halide arc lamps

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a metal halide lamp with a ceramic Discharge vessel according to the preamble of claim 1 especially lamps whose operating temperature is relatively high, and is on the order of up to 1000 ° C.
  • a major problem with such lamps is permanent sealing the implementation in the ceramic discharge vessel by means of a ceramic Plug.
  • As a material for the stopper is therefore also proposed cermet, a composite material made of ceramic and metal (U.S. Patent 5,404,078 and U.S. Patent 5,592,049).
  • EP-A 650 184 discloses a non-conductive cermet stopper with at least four axially arranged layers with an increasing metal content.
  • the sealing is very complicated and uses a threaded bushing, an outer metal disc (flange) and a metal or glass solder.
  • a metal halide lamp with a ceramic discharge vessel is already known from US Pat. No. 4,602,956, in which the electrode is sintered into a passage which is designed as a disk made of electrically conductive cermet.
  • the feedthrough is also surrounded by an annular stopper made of cermet, which is connected to the ceramic discharge vessel made of aluminum oxide by means of glass solder.
  • the glass solder is corroded by the aggressive filling components (especially halogens). For these reasons, the lifespan is rather short.
  • Another disadvantage of this arrangement is that embedding the electrode in the cermet feedthrough can lead to tensions and finally to cracks and cracks in the cermet. Due to the large diameter of the disk-like feedthrough, which is electrically conductive, the discharge arc can also easily bounce back to the feedthrough, which leads to rapid blackening. 16 of US Pat. No.
  • 4,155,758 discloses a special arrangement for a metal halide lamp with a ceramic discharge vessel without an outer bulb, in which a bushing is designed as a pin made of an electrically conductive cermet.
  • the electrode is sintered into the cermet.
  • the cermet stick is sintered into a plug made of pure aluminum oxide. This is connected to the discharge vessel by means of a glass solder.
  • This arrangement has disadvantages similar to those mentioned above.
  • EP-A 587 238 describes a metal halide lamp with a ceramic discharge vessel described that an extremely elongated capillary tube Aluminum oxide as the inner part of the plug, in which a glass solder is used pin-like metallic feedthrough at the outer end (melting area) is attached. It is crucial that the melting area is at a sufficiently low temperature.
  • the implementation pin can consist of two parts, one of which faces the discharge Part made of electrically conductive cermet containing carbide, silicide or nitride, can be made. This sealing technique creates a large overall length of the discharge vessel. It is very complex to manufacture and based also on the corrosion-prone glass solder.
  • the sealing area should be vacuum-tight and resistant to high temperatures and not susceptible to corrosion.
  • the stopper is on at least one end of the discharge vessel from at least four axially layered layers from a cermet, consisting of aluminum oxide and metal (tungsten or molybdenum).
  • the metal content decreases towards the outside (i.e. with increasing distance from discharge) to.
  • Cermet is here for the sake of simplicity also an innermost or outermost layer made of pure aluminum oxide or to understand pure metal. It is essential for the invention that the outermost layer of the plug has such a high metal content, that it allows a weldability of this layer with the implementation.
  • an electrical conductivity of this layer is of at least 5 m ⁇ required. This corresponds to a proportion of the metal from at least 50% by volume.
  • Metal content of the outermost layer can be raised. From a total number of six layers, the outermost layer can be made of pure metal, since the relative expansion differences are then kept sufficiently small can be.
  • the bushing is vacuum-tight by welding connected.
  • the Passage through a capillary gap (a few microns wide) spaced.
  • the advantage of sealing the discharge vessel by welding lies in the high corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and high Strength of such a weld.
  • a pin or tube that is electrically conductive can be used as a feedthrough become.
  • the material of the implementation should, at least what the thermal expansion coefficient concerns, as good as possible to the outermost Layer of the plug, especially adapted to its composition his. Ideally, it matches her, but there are deviations possible.
  • the outermost layer and also the feedthrough are made of pure metal.
  • both can be made from weldable cermet with a metal content of at least 50% by volume.
  • the innermost layer of the stopper is with the end of the discharge vessel connected without glass solder. In general, this is done by direct sintering.
  • a crucial advantage of the present invention is that in the case of similarity for the outermost layer of the plug and for the implementation used material is guaranteed that no significant thermal Expansion differences occur.
  • the seal is particularly durable, because a strong and permanent connection is achieved by welding is in this regard the technique of sintering or melting is superior.
  • small differences in elongation lead to pure Metals such as molybdenum and tungsten and those highly enriched with metal Cermets do not crack as quickly because of tension due to elasticity of the metal are more easily mined.
  • for the innermost Layer of the stopper can be selected a material that that of the discharge vessel resembles, so that the seal is permanent in this area.
  • the leadthrough can be a pin made of high temperature resistant metal, in particular tungsten or molybdenum, or from a cermet, which is made of a mixture of aluminum oxide and tungsten or molybdenum.
  • the bushing is made of a pipe high temperature resistant metal.
  • This shape is for high watt lamps (typically 250 to 400 W) is particularly advantageous.
  • the use of a Pipe as implementation has the advantage that even larger holes in Plugs for the passage of large electrodes for high-watt lamps are sealed without too much heat loss for the electrode can be. If you have an electrode system consisting of tubular bushing and electrode, used and this provisionally already together with the stopper in the end of the discharge vessel sinters, the tubular opening can be independent of the electrode size to get voted. In this case, this opening is only after the Filling sealed with a filler pen, filling pen, tube and cermet in can be welded in one step. On a separate filling hole in the Plugging, as was often necessary in the past, can therefore be dispensed with entirely.
  • the present invention is a metal halide lamp with ceramic discharge tube (made of aluminum oxide), which is usually surrounded by an outer bulb.
  • the discharge vessel has two ends which are closed with sealing means. These are usually one- or multi-part plugs. At least with one The following construction is realized at the end of the discharge vessel.
  • a central bore of the sealant is an electrically conductive feedthrough passed vacuum-tight, on which an electrode with a Shaft is attached, which protrudes into the interior of the discharge vessel.
  • the Implementation is a component made of a metal or a cermet, the Metal content is so high that it is weldable like a metal, the Carried out by means of a welded connection, i.e. without glass solder, in the stopper is attached. In addition, the stopper itself is without glass solder in the discharge vessel attached. This is usually done by direct sintering.
  • the ceramic part of the cermet consists of aluminum oxide, the metallic one Tungsten, molybdenum or rhenium component.
  • the basic structure of suitable materials for cermets is known per se, see for example the above-mentioned prior art or the documents EP-A 528 428 and EP-A 609 477.
  • the material of the suitable according to the invention However, the cermet component must be both weldable and electrically conductive his.
  • a concrete example is a cermet with a share of 50 vol .-% Molybdenum, remainder aluminum oxide. Other examples of this can be found in the parallel applications mentioned at the beginning.
  • the implementation is a Pen made of electrically conductive cermet
  • the shaft of the electrode on the End face of the pin is butt welded.
  • the pen itself is with the stopper welded.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that the thermal expansion difference between pin and plug is relatively low.
  • cermet is not as good a heat conductor as metal.
  • the implementation is recessed into the plug, so that minimizes contact with the filling and reduces the temperature load becomes.
  • the feedthrough is an electric one conductive pin made of metal.
  • the pen itself can serve as an electrode shaft or be connected to it. It can also protrude beyond the plug to facilitate the connection to the external power supply.
  • This lead-through pin is preferably made of tungsten or molybdenum.
  • a metal halide lamp with an output of 150 W is shown schematically in FIG. It consists of a cylindrical outer bulb 1 made of quartz glass which defines a lamp axis and is squeezed (2) and base (3) on two sides.
  • the axially arranged discharge vessel 4 made of Al 2 O 3 ceramic is bulged in the middle 5 and has two cylindrical ends 6a and 6b. It is held in the outer bulb 1 by means of two power leads 7, which are connected to the base parts 3 via foils 8.
  • the power supply lines 7 are welded to bushings 9, 10, which are each fitted in a plug 11 at the end of the discharge vessel.
  • the bushings 9, 10 are cermet pins with a diameter of approx. 1 mm.
  • the cermet is conductive and weldable and consists of approximately 50 vol .-% tungsten (or molybdenum), the rest aluminum oxide.
  • Both bushings 9, 10 are on the outside of the stopper 11 and hold On the discharge side, electrodes 14, consisting of an electrode shaft 15 Tungsten and a helix 16 pushed on at the discharge end.
  • the bushing 9, 10 is in each case with the electrode shaft 15 and with the outer power supply 7 butt welded.
  • the diameter of the Wendel is slightly smaller than that of the feedthrough, so the whole electrode system subsequently in the corresponding central hole in the stopper can be introduced.
  • the discharge vessel is filled, e.g. Argon, from mercury and additives to metal halides.
  • Argon e.g. Argon
  • the end plugs 11 essentially consist of an axially layered cermet with the ceramic component Al 2 O 3 and the metallic component tungsten or molybdenum. They are sintered directly into the ends 6.
  • the Plug 11 consists of four axially stacked circular rings, Layers or layers, the innermost of which faces the discharge.
  • the innermost Annulus 11a consists of pure aluminum oxide or a cermet with low metal content.
  • the cermet contains the innermost one Circular ring maximum 8 vol .-% metal, rest aluminum oxide.
  • the circular ring 11a is partially inserted in the end 6a of the discharge vessel and with the cylindrical Sintered directly at the end 6a of the discharge vessel (i.e. without glass solder).
  • the second annulus 11b contains 10 to 25 vol .-% metal, the third Circular ring 11c between 25 and 40 vol .-% metal.
  • the fourth annulus 11d contains at least 50 vol .-% metal and is therefore weldable. He is at his External surface connected to the bushing 9 by laser welding.
  • the plug 11 consists of an innermost Layer 11a with 7.5 vol% molybdenum.
  • the second layer 11b has 15% by volume Molybdenum, the third (11c) 30% by volume, the outermost (11d) 50% by volume.
  • the bushing 20 is a pin made of pure molybdenum.
  • the plug 21 consists of six layers of a cermet each form a circular ring.
  • the innermost layer 21a contains 5 to 8% by volume Molybdenum, remainder aluminum oxide.
  • the second annulus 21b contains 10-25 Vol .-% molybdenum, the third annulus 21c between 25 and 40 vol .-%.
  • the fourth circular ring 21d contains 50 to 70 vol .-% molybdenum, the fifth 21e 70 to 90 vol%.
  • the outermost annulus 21 f consists of pure molybdenum and is therefore very easy to weld.
  • a collar-shaped extension piece 21g equipped, which is about 1 mm in length and a wall thickness of about 0.5 mm.
  • the bushing 20 is slightly above this collar 21g and has a lateral thickening 23 at its outer end (such as a cutting burr or weld spot) that is performing 20 fixed in the plug 21.
  • the outermost annulus 21f including the collar 21g is in shape with the bushing 20 by a weld 19 connected to a melting ball.
  • the plug 21 consists of an innermost layer 21a with 5 vol.% Molybdenum.
  • the second layer 21b has 15 vol.% Molybdenum, the third (21c) 30% by volume, the fourth (21d) has 55% by volume, the fifth (21e) approximately 80 vol%.
  • the outermost layer 21f including the collar 21g is made of pure molybdenum or a weldable cermet with a high molybdenum content. In this embodiment, the relative differences very low in coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • the feed-through pin 20 is so far into the central one Bore 22 of the plug inserted until it is fixed by the thickening 23 is.
  • Closing is carried out by welding (19 denotes the Sweat bead) of the end of the pin with the last cermet layer 21f inclusive the collar 21g.
  • the contacting of an external power supply (7), see Figure 1, can easily here directly on the collar 21g of the outermost layer of the plug because it is also highly conductive.
  • Figure 3a shows that the bore itself was first used for evacuation and filling becomes. Only then ( Figure 3b) the pin itself is inserted and welded on the outside. This welding technique is quick compared to the sintering technique and easy to execute and does not require high temperatures outside of the welding area.
  • the molybdenum tube 30 holds the electrode 32 by means of a crimp 33 the electrode is welded gas-tight. Again, the hole in the Plug used first for filling. Only then will the tubular electrode system inserted and the annular gap welded at the outer end.
  • the feed-through tube 35 made of molybdenum can be used in a further exemplary embodiment a high-wattage lamp with 250 W power (Figure 5) also be cylindrical throughout. At its discharge end the electrode 32 with a wide head 39 (two-layer coil) is eccentric on the outside attached. For the provisional fixation in the plug 37, the outermost one Layer 37f of the plug with the molybdenum tube 35 first by sintering connected.
  • the tube 35 After evacuation and filling, the tube 35 is filled with a metal pin 36 closed, which is welded to the tube 35.
  • the tube 35 will welded simultaneously to the outermost layer 37f of the plug 37. The means that the permanent, permanent sealing of the bore of the plug by welding because this technique is superior to direct sintering is.
  • the size of the electrode is therefore not limited by the plug bore.
  • the tubular bushing is used before the metal pin is inserted 36 as filling opening.
  • this ensures that the filling opening is independent of the electrode size, which depends on the wattage of the lamp can.
  • the pipe technology is also very suitable for large wattages where the Electrode has a large diameter and large transverse dimensions.
  • the pipe diameter is relatively uncritical because the difference in thermal expansion behavior between bushing and outermost Layer at the end of the plug can be kept very small. In doing so, Pipe and outermost layer of the plug a similar material, in particular the same material, chosen.
  • the implementation is finished pure molybdenum (pin or tube).
  • the stopper consists of a cermet with six layers.
  • the metal part of the cermet is tungsten, since with this metal because of its larger expansion compared to molybdenum the coefficient of thermal expansion of each layer is easier can be controlled.
  • the innermost layer consists of 2 vol .-% tungsten (corresponding to 10% by weight of tungsten), balance aluminum oxide. It is that End of the discharge vessel very well adapted, that of pure aluminum oxide consists.
  • the second layer contains approximately 15% by volume of tungsten, correspondingly 46 wt% tungsten.
  • the third layer contains about 28 vol% tungsten, corresponding to 67% by weight of tungsten.
  • the fourth layer contains about 42 Vol .-% tungsten, corresponding to 78 wt .-% tungsten.
  • the fifth layer contains about 56% by volume of tungsten, corresponding to 88% by weight of tungsten.
  • the outermost Layer contains about 69 vol .-% tungsten, corresponding to 90 wt .-% tungsten. This last layer is therefore the coefficient of thermal expansion ideally adapted to the molybdenum bushing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Lampe à halogénure métallique comprenant une enceinte (4) de décharge en céramique en oxyde d'aluminium, l'enceinte de décharge possédant deux extrémités (6) qui sont fermées par des bouchons (11) et dans laquelle il passe à travers ces bouchons d'une manière étanche au vide une traversée (9, 10 ; 20 ; 30 ; 35) conductrice de l'électricité à laquelle est fixée une électrode (14) ayant une tige (15) qui pénètre à l'intérieur de l'enceinte de décharge, le bouchon étant constitué de couches ou de strates disposées axialement, la matière des couches étant en cermet, dont la teneur en métal augmente de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur, et le bouchon étant constitué au moins à une extrémité (6) de l'enceinte de décharge d'au moins quatre couches ou strates disposées axialement, la couche (11d) la plus à l'extérieur du bouchon étant en une matière ayant au moins 50 % en volume de métal, le reste étant de la céramique, caractérisée en ce que la traversée (9) est reliée à la couche la plus extérieure du bouchon, dont la composition est choisie de manière à ce qu'elle puisse être soudée par une soudure (9), et la couche (11a) la plus à l'intérieur du bouchon est fixée sans brasure pour du verre dans l'extrémité de l'enceinte de décharge.
  2. Lampe à halogénure métallique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la traversée est une broche (9, 10) en métal résistant à une haute température, notamment en tungstène ou en molybdène, ou en un cermet conducteur de l'électricité, la matière de la broche coïncidant approximativement avec celle de la couche extérieure du bouchon en cermet.
  3. Lampe à halogénure métallique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le bouchon est constitué de jusqu'à six strates, dont la teneur en métal augmente vers l'extérieur.
  4. Lampe à halogénure métallique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la couche la plus extérieure du bouchon est en métal pur.
  5. Lampe à halogénure métallique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la couche la plus intérieure du bouchon est en oxyde d'aluminium pur.
  6. Lampe à halogénure métallique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la couche (11a) la plus intérieure du bouchon est frittée directement dans l'extrémité de l'enceinte de décharge.
  7. Lampe à halogénure métallique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la traversée est un tube (30 ; 35) en métal résistant à une haute température, notamment en tungstène ou en molybdène.
  8. Lampe à halogénure métallique suivant la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la tête de l'électrode est plus large que le diamètre extérieur du tube.
  9. Lampe à halogénure métallique suivant la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'il est inséré une tige (36) de remplissage dans la traversée (35) tubulaire.
  10. Lampe à halogénure métallique suivant la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la puissance absorbée de la lampe est d'au moins 150 W.
EP98110523A 1997-06-27 1998-06-09 Lampe à halogénure métallique avec enveloppe céramique Expired - Lifetime EP0887840B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19727428A DE19727428A1 (de) 1997-06-27 1997-06-27 Metallhalogenidlampe mit keramischem Entladungsgefäß
DE19727428 1997-06-27

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0887840A2 EP0887840A2 (fr) 1998-12-30
EP0887840A3 EP0887840A3 (fr) 1999-03-24
EP0887840B1 true EP0887840B1 (fr) 2003-02-19

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EP98110523A Expired - Lifetime EP0887840B1 (fr) 1997-06-27 1998-06-09 Lampe à halogénure métallique avec enveloppe céramique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6194832B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0887840B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH1173919A (fr)
CN (1) CN1149626C (fr)
AT (1) ATE233018T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2241656A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19727428A1 (fr)
HU (1) HU221365B1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HUP9801468A3 (en) 2001-02-28
US6194832B1 (en) 2001-02-27
CA2241656A1 (fr) 1998-12-27
HU221365B1 (en) 2002-09-28
EP0887840A3 (fr) 1999-03-24
JPH1173919A (ja) 1999-03-16
CN1149626C (zh) 2004-05-12
DE59807230D1 (de) 2003-03-27
DE19727428A1 (de) 1999-01-07
EP0887840A2 (fr) 1998-12-30
CN1204857A (zh) 1999-01-13
HUP9801468A2 (hu) 1999-01-28
HU9801468D0 (en) 1998-08-28
ATE233018T1 (de) 2003-03-15

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