EP0870846A1 - Alliages à base de zinc, contenant du titane - Google Patents
Alliages à base de zinc, contenant du titane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0870846A1 EP0870846A1 EP98200637A EP98200637A EP0870846A1 EP 0870846 A1 EP0870846 A1 EP 0870846A1 EP 98200637 A EP98200637 A EP 98200637A EP 98200637 A EP98200637 A EP 98200637A EP 0870846 A1 EP0870846 A1 EP 0870846A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight percent
- alloy
- titanium
- zinc
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 zinc-copper-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010120 permanent mold casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 20
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 12
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000783 Zamak 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 244000261422 Lysimachia clethroides Species 0.000 description 3
- 229910007570 Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000779 Zamak 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000781 Zamak 5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017767 Cu—Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000842 Zamak Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
- C22C18/02—Alloys based on zinc with copper as the next major constituent
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improvement to zinc based alloys.
- Zinc alloys have been used in a variety of applications for decades. Alloys such as Zamak 3 and Zamak 5 were developed in the 1920's to meet the demands for net shape die castings. Subsequently two other alloys, Zamak 2 which is also used in the die casting process, and Kirksite used for making prototype tools and gravity cast process, were developed and used extensively for this purpose. These alloys contain about 4 weight percent aluminum with a trace of copper in Zamak 3, about 1 weight percent copper in Zamak 5, and about 3 weight percent copper in Zamak 2 and Kirksite. Solidification of these alloys begins with the formation of primary ⁇ phase dendrites which are then surrounded by the ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) eutectic. The ⁇ phase has a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure while alpha is face-centered cubic (FCC).
- HCP hexagonal close-packed
- FCC face-centered cubic
- Zamak and Zn-Al (ZA) alloys are used mailed for decorative or non-structural applications, because of their lower strength and/or creep properties. Stronger materials like steel are used to meet higher requirements. Steel parts are usually machined, whereas, zinc alloys can be die cast to shape. Other zinc alloys like Kirksite (4 weight percent Al, 3 weight percent Cu, balance zinc) are routinely used for prototype tooling for sheet metal stampings. However, Kirksite tooling is relatively soft, and generally unsuitable for high volume production.
- ACuZinc® 2-4 weight percent Al, 4-11 weight percent Cu, balance zinc
- ACuZinc® 2-4 weight percent Al, 4-11 weight percent Cu, balance zinc
- These alloys contain ⁇ dendrites which were surrounded by the ( ⁇ + ⁇ + ⁇ ) ternary eutectic and some ⁇ phase.
- the volume fraction and the size of the ⁇ phase dendrites increases with copper content.
- These alloys were found to be stronger and more durable than existing commercial alloys. Recently, these alloys were also found to increase their strength when the strain rate increases and that increases higher at higher temperature.
- the present invention is a further improvement in the ACuZinc® alloy.
- the invention includes the discovery that the addition of titanium to a zinc based alloy containing epsilon as a primary phase results in an increase in tensile and compressive strength of the alloy.
- the alloy can be used in gravity, permanent mold or die casting processes to mold components or tooling.
- about 0.01-0.1 weight percent titanium is added to a zinc based alloy containing about 3-12 weight percent copper, about 2-5 weight percent aluminum, minor constituents and the balance zinc.
- the discovered behavior was unexpected and has not previously been reported. The cause of such behavior is unknown.
- a new Al-Zn-Ti phase (Al 5 Ti 10 Zn 3 ) was formed which acted as a nuclei for the formation of a greater number of finer ⁇ phases (Zn 4 Cu) with greater surface area compared to an Zn-Cu-Al alloy without titanium.
- the greater number and increase surface area of the harder ⁇ phase improved the toughness of the alloy.
- alloys of this invention can be used in cast-to-size dies for forming sheet metals, a variety of forming and impact tools, components which are subjected to compressive strength and any other parts which must withstand high forces. Alloy components of this invention can be manufactured to shape or near-net shape by die casting or gravity casting.
- Figure 1 is a graphical representation of the effect of titanium addition on room temperature Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and 0.2 percent Yield Strength (0.2%YS) for zinc alloy containing 10.4 weight percent copper, 4.1 percent aluminum and 0.05 percent magnesium.
- Figure 2 is a graphical representation of the effect of titanium addition on room temperature tensile elongation of zinc alloy containing 10.4 weight percent copper, 4.1 percent aluminum and 0.05 percent magnesium.
- Figures 3A-C are graphical representations of the effect of titanium concentration on the proportional limit on zinc alloy containing 10.4 weight percent copper, 4.1 weight percent aluminum and 0.05 percent magnesium for: (a) as-cast; (b) aged at 100°C for 10 days; (c) aged at 200°C for 10 days, respectively.
- Figure 4A are comparative micrographs showing the effect of titanium concentration on microstructure of zinc alloy containing 10.4 weight percent copper, 4.1 percent aluminum and 0.05 percent magnesium for: (a) as-cast microstructure without the addition of titanium, showing a large primary ⁇ (Zn 4 Cu) phase (white dendrites), small amount of ⁇ phase as a product of the binary peritectic reaction and the ternary eutectic ( ⁇ + ⁇ + ⁇ ); versus (b) as-cast microstructure with the addition of 0.015 weight percent titanium, showing marked grain refinement of the primary ⁇ (Zn 4 Cu) phase, which is the hard phase in alloy.
- Figure 4B is a graph of an energy dispersive x-ray analysis of the particles based on Al 5 Ti 10 Zn 3 in the zinc alloy containing 0.015 weight percent titanium according to the present invention, and an enlargement of the micrograph of Figure 4A for the 0.015 weight percent titanium alloy with an ⁇ -phase and identified as Al 5 Ti 10 Zn 3 as indicated in the x-ray graph.
- Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of a cold chamber die casting machine for casting a zinc-aluminum-copper-titanium alloy according to the present invention.
- Figure 6 is a cross sectional view of a hot chamber die casting machine for casting a zinc-aluminum-copper-titanium alloy according to the present invention.
- Suitable zinc alloys for the practice of this invention contain titanium in amounts between 0.01 and 0.1 weight percent, copper in amounts between about 3 and 12 weight percent, aluminum in an amount between about 2 and 5 weight percent, magnesium in an amount between 0 and 0.05 weight percent and the balance substantially zinc, plus iron and other typical impurities.
- the preferred copper content is between about 5 and 7 weight percent. Alloys containing less than 4 percent copper fail to form significant epsilon phase, whereas greater than about 8 percent copper results in an elevated melting point impractical for typical hot chamber die casting apparatus.
- a preferred copper range for cold chamber alloy is between about 9 and 11 weight percent. Above about 12 weight percent copper, the formation of additional phases interfere with the desired epsilon-eta-eutectic microstructure.
- a preferred aluminum range for alloys in the practice of the present invention is between about 2 and 5 weight percent. At least about 2 percent aluminum is desired to provide sufficient fluidity for convenient handling at common die casting temperature. Alloys having substantially greater than about 4 percent aluminum develop unwanted alpha phase.
- a minor presence of magnesium is desired to improve dimensional accuracy and reduce stress corrosion cracking.
- a preferred magnesium range is between about 0.025 and 0.05 weight percent.
- the base metal selected for this example was commercial purity zinc alloy containing 10.4 weight percent copper, 4.1 weight percent aluminum and 0.05 weight percent magnesium.
- the alloy was melted in a coreless induction furnace and cast into sand tensile molds for tensile applications.
- Appropriate amount of Al-5 weight percent titanium-1 weight percent boron were added to the molten metal as a master alloy and held for thirty minutes at 650°C, i.e., about 100°C above the liquids temperature and cast into molds for tension and compression specimen.
- Tensile specimens (50.8 mm gauge length and 12.9 mm diameter) and compression specimens (50 mm gauge length and 18 mm diameter) were tested in an Instron Universal test machine equipped with a box furnace. Tension tests were conducted on as-cast specimens at room temperature. Compression tests were carried out on both as-cast specimens and specimens aged in a constant temperature oil bath at 100°C or 200°C for 10 days. The tests were conducted at room temperature, 93°C (200°F), 150°C (300°F), and 177°C (350°F). Specimen temperature was monitored continuously with a thermocouple attached to the specimen surface. The specimens were compressed at a cross head speed of 2.5 mm/min. Load-elongation data was recorded automatically during the test. The proportional limit, or the stress for measurable plastic flow to occur, and the 0.5 percent and 1 percent yield stress values were determined from these data.
- the proportional limit is a measure of initiation of deformation and gives a measure of the strength of the material.
- the proportional limit during compression, as a function of titanium concentration, is plotted in Figure 3.
- Figure 3B shows the trend for specimens aged at 100°C for 10 days and
- Figure 3C shows the trend for specimens aged at 200°C for 10 days.
- the as-cast microstructure ( Figure 4A) of zinc alloy containing 10.4 weight percent copper, 4.1 weight percent aluminum and 0.05 weight percent magnesium consists of large primary ⁇ (Zn 4 Cu) phase (white dendrites), small amounts of ⁇ phase as a product of the binary peritectic reaction and the ternary eutectic ( ⁇ + ⁇ + ⁇ ), which precipitate in the final stage of solidification at 378°C. A marked grain refinement was observed in the microstructure by the addition of titanium.
- the above results are believed to be the first reported on the new phase.
- the presence of small grain size per se could not be the only cause for improving the properties.
- the evidence points also to the peritectic reaction as the additional cause of improving and increasing the strength.
- the ⁇ phase which nucleates first, reacts with the liquid and become sheathed with a solid ⁇ phase (gray).
- the higher volume fraction of the ⁇ phase observed in the refined alloy is due to larger volume fraction of the surface area of epsilon phase available for peritectic transformation to take place. While there is evidence of grain refinement of the epsilon phase, a detailed understanding of the actual mechanism for strengthening remains uncertain.
- a die casting according to the present invention formed of a zinc-base, copper-aluminum-titanium alloy using a conventional cold chamber die casting machine shown schematically in Figure 5.
- the machine 10 may include a movable platen 11 and a stationary platen 13.
- Die halves 12 and 14 are mounted on platens 11 and 13, respectively, and cooled by water circulated through passages (not shown) therein. In the closed position shown in the figure, die halves 12 and 14 cooperate to define a fixed-volume die cavity 16 suitably sized and shaped for producing a casting of a desired configuration.
- platen 11 moves relative to platen 13 to part die halves 12 and 14 along a plane indicated by line 18 for ejection of a product casting.
- Machine 10 also includes a shot apparatus 20 comprising a generally cylindrical shot sleeve 22 that communicates with cavity 16.
- Sleeve 22 includes an inlet 24 for admitting a molten metal charge 26 poured, for example, from a suitable ladle 28.
- a hydraulically driven shot plunger 30 is slidably received in sleeve 22 and advances toward the die sections for forcing metal from sleeve 22 into cavity 16.
- Zinc die castings of this invention were also manufactured using a hot chamber die casting machine 50 shown schematically in Figure 4.
- Machine 50 comprises water-cooled die halves 52 and 54 mounted on a stationary platen 53 and a movable platen 55, respectively, adapted for moving die halves between a closed position shown in Figure 4 wherein the die halves cooperate to form a casting cavity 56 and an open position wherein the die halves are parted along a plane indicated by line 58 for ejection of a product casting.
- die casting machine 50 comprises a shot apparatus 60 formed of a goose neck sleeve 62 partially submerged in a molten metal bath 64 contained in melting pot 63.
- Shot apparatus 60 further comprises hydraulically driven plunger 68 slidably received in goose neck 62.
- plunger 68 When plunger 68 is in a retracted position shown in the figure, a charge of molten metal from bath 64 fills goose neck 62 through an inlet port 66.
- plunger 68 is driven downwardly to force molten metal through sleeve 62 into die cavity 56.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83496797A | 1997-04-07 | 1997-04-07 | |
| US834967 | 1997-04-07 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0870846A1 true EP0870846A1 (fr) | 1998-10-14 |
Family
ID=25268245
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98200637A Withdrawn EP0870846A1 (fr) | 1997-04-07 | 1998-03-02 | Alliages à base de zinc, contenant du titane |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0870846A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH10324938A (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100268359B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2228983A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011011383A1 (fr) * | 2009-07-20 | 2011-01-27 | Eastern Alloys, Inc. | Alliage de zinc résistant au fluage, à résistance élevée |
| CN106191526A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 裴秀琴 | 一种锌合金新材料 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104498773B (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-03-22 | 宁波博威合金材料股份有限公司 | 一种变形锌基合金材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN106521241B (zh) * | 2016-10-21 | 2018-03-27 | 宁波博威合金材料股份有限公司 | 一种可冷镦的变形锌合金及其应用 |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2720459A (en) * | 1950-08-08 | 1955-10-11 | Gen Motors Corp | Highly wear-resistant zinc base alloy |
| SU176685A1 (ru) * | 1964-10-26 | 1965-11-17 | Научно исследовательский , проектно технологический институт | Сплав на основе цинка |
| FR2102861A5 (en) * | 1970-08-26 | 1972-04-07 | Nisso Smelting Co Ltd | Compression - resistant zinc alloys - contg aluminium, copper, magnes beryllium, titanium optionally silver |
| DE3828397A1 (de) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-03-09 | Nippon Mining Co | Hochfeste, leicht giessbare zinklegierung |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2663352B2 (ja) * | 1988-05-21 | 1997-10-15 | 東邦亜鉛株式会社 | 高強度亜鉛合金 |
-
1998
- 1998-02-09 CA CA002228983A patent/CA2228983A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1998-03-02 EP EP98200637A patent/EP0870846A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-03-23 KR KR1019980010012A patent/KR100268359B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-04-07 JP JP10094483A patent/JPH10324938A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2720459A (en) * | 1950-08-08 | 1955-10-11 | Gen Motors Corp | Highly wear-resistant zinc base alloy |
| SU176685A1 (ru) * | 1964-10-26 | 1965-11-17 | Научно исследовательский , проектно технологический институт | Сплав на основе цинка |
| FR2102861A5 (en) * | 1970-08-26 | 1972-04-07 | Nisso Smelting Co Ltd | Compression - resistant zinc alloys - contg aluminium, copper, magnes beryllium, titanium optionally silver |
| DE3828397A1 (de) * | 1987-08-27 | 1989-03-09 | Nippon Mining Co | Hochfeste, leicht giessbare zinklegierung |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011011383A1 (fr) * | 2009-07-20 | 2011-01-27 | Eastern Alloys, Inc. | Alliage de zinc résistant au fluage, à résistance élevée |
| CN106191526A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 裴秀琴 | 一种锌合金新材料 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR100268359B1 (ko) | 2000-10-16 |
| JPH10324938A (ja) | 1998-12-08 |
| CA2228983A1 (fr) | 1998-10-07 |
| KR19980080565A (ko) | 1998-11-25 |
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