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EP0241193B1 - Procédé de fabrication de produits extrudés en alliages d'aluminium - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de produits extrudés en alliages d'aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0241193B1
EP0241193B1 EP87302718A EP87302718A EP0241193B1 EP 0241193 B1 EP0241193 B1 EP 0241193B1 EP 87302718 A EP87302718 A EP 87302718A EP 87302718 A EP87302718 A EP 87302718A EP 0241193 B1 EP0241193 B1 EP 0241193B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
alloy
process according
aluminum
extruded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87302718A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0241193A1 (fr
Inventor
Ichizo Tsukuda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Altemira Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Showa Aluminum Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority claimed from JP61078931A external-priority patent/JPS62235437A/ja
Priority claimed from JP61078932A external-priority patent/JPS62235436A/ja
Application filed by Showa Aluminum Corp filed Critical Showa Aluminum Corp
Publication of EP0241193A1 publication Critical patent/EP0241193A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0241193B1 publication Critical patent/EP0241193B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
    • B21C33/02—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block the metal being in liquid form
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/12—Making non-ferrous alloys by processing in a semi-solid state, e.g. holding the alloy in the solid-liquid phase

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for producing extruded aluminum alloys and more particularly to a process for producing extruded aluminum alloys regardless of the elements contained in relatively high percentage so as to improve mechanical properties, wherein the percentages are represented by weight.
  • various second phase elements are added in the aluminum.
  • Zn, Mg and Cu are added in fairly high percentage so as to increase the strength of the alloy.
  • Si is added when high wear-resistance is required and Ni, Fe, Cr and Mn are added in high proportions to enhance the heat-resistance.
  • these elements are added in the aluminum alloy difficulties are involved in the production of billets, in the form of cracks and/or excessively increased hardness. Because of these difficulties the quantities and proportion of these elements to be added must be limited so that no problem is involved in the production of billets.
  • GB-A-1139034 describes and claims a process for producing an extruded aluminum alloy by direct or indirect extrusion, comprising the steps of pouring a molten alloy into a container section of an extruding machine, applying pressure to the molten alloy in the container section by advancing a stem of the extruding machine in a state in which the container is closed, thereby allowing the molten alloy to form into a mass, stopping the application of pressure when the temperature of the mass reaches an optimum temperature suitable for extrusion and extruding the mass through the extruding machine without reheating it.
  • An object of the invention is to solve the problems pointed out with respect to the known methods of producing extruded aluminum alloys and to provide a process for producing extruded aluminum alloys having high percentages of second phase elements intended to improve the properties of the alloys whereby the alloys have a homogenized structure.
  • a process for producing an extruded aluminum alloy is characterized in that the pressure applied is in the range of 50 kgf/cm2, to 1500 kgf/cm2 (4,9 MPa to 147 MPa) heated to a temperature of 300°C to 350°C and the solidifying process is finished when the temperature of the aluminum alloy has fallen to 1/3 to 2/3 of the liquid phase temperature and the mass obtained is immediately extruded.
  • the solidification does not mean a complete solidification but includes a state in which a liquid phase is still present in the billet-like mass, that is, a semi-solid state.
  • the molten aluminum or aluminum alloy is introduced into the container section of the extruding machine, and solidified therein under pressure.
  • This is advantageous firstly, in that the homogenizing process is dispensed with and secondly, in that the homogenous structure having fine grains avoids the possibility of producing mold cavities.
  • a further advantage is that the alloy is effectively solidified and extruded regardless of the high percentage of high melting point metals. Under the known methods the extrusion would be difficult because of the presence of other elements.
  • the homogenous structure having fine grains makes the extrusion smooth, thereby minimizing the extruding force. This leads to excellent mechanical properties.
  • the pre-heat treatment can be also dispensed with, thereby saving the energy costs.
  • the molten alloy can be fed directly to the container of an extruding machine. Under the known methods an intermediate solidifying step is required. The elimination of the intermediate step leads to the simplified and economical production of extruded aluminum alloys.
  • the aluminum alloy to be extruded which contains a relatively large quantity of high melting point elements, is melted in the known manner and the molten alloy is poured into a container of the extruding machine in which the stem is withdrawn so as to close the container.
  • the container is previously heated to 300°C to 350°C.
  • the container has a lower temperature than 300°C, the molten alloy is likely to begin solidifying immediately near the wall of the container, which has a lower temperature than that of the molten alloy.
  • the cooling will take time, thereby prolonging the time for which the molten alloy solidifies.
  • the resulting mass is likely to be coarse in the structural grain because of the excessive growth of the crystallization.
  • the stem After the molten alloy is poured into the container pressure is applied thereto by moving the stem forward over a predetermined distance so as to solidify the molten alloy into billet-lime masses hard enough to be extruded smoothly.
  • the pressurized solidification is conductive to the transfer of heat to the container of the extruding machine, thereby preventing the growth of primary and eutectic crystals. As a result the masses have a desired structure of fine grains.
  • the whole process of solidifying the molten alloy is pressurized, thereby preventing cavities and holes from being produced.
  • the cavity-free masses are suitable for extrusion.
  • the pressure required in the process of solidifying is in the range of 50 kgf/cm2 to 1500 kgf/cm2 (4,9 MPa to 147 MPa), preferably 500 to 1,000 kgf/cm2 (49MPa to 98 MPa).
  • This range of pressure is effective to produce the structure of fine grains in the masses, which means that there is no need for providing an additional homogenizing process.
  • the elimination of the extra process saves energy and time, thereby reducing the production cost.
  • Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy As aluminum alloys having excellent mechanical properties Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy is known under identification Nos. A7075, A7178 and A7050, but recently in line with the demand for the increased tensile strength greater quantities of Zn, Mg and Cu are added. However the increases in the quantities of these elements leads to the fragility or lack of tenacity. When the products having such deficiency are liable to breakage during forging or casting.
  • the present invention has achieved a process of extruding Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy without trading off the desired properties arising from the addition of these elements, wherein the percentage of these elements are as follows:
  • one or more elements selected from 0.2 to 1.0% of Mn, 0.1 to 0.4% of Cr, and 0.05 to 0.3% of Zr are added.
  • the Zn, Mg and Cu are added to increase the mechanical strength and if the quantities of these elements are respectively less than 7.0%, 2.0% and 0.5%, the desired strength will not be achieved. Therefore if the quantities of these elements are less than the lower limits the billet-like masses can be cast by the known method.
  • the quantities of these elements exceed each upper limit, that is, 12% of Zn, 7.0% of Mg and 3.0% of Cu, they are likely to crystallize in large sizes, which makes it difficult to achieve the desired strength of the alloy.
  • the optimum range of quantities are 8.0 to 10% of Zn, 3.0 to 5.0% of Mg, and 1.0 to 2.0% of Cu.
  • Optional elements such as Mn, Cr and Zr, can be added where necessary. These elements are equally conductive to the increased fine crystallization and mechanical and chemical strength, such as anti-stress and anti-corrosion, provided that the contents of them are in the ranges of 0.2 to 1.0% of Mn, 0.1 to 0.4% of Cr, and 0.05 to 0.3% of Zn. If the respective contents are less than the lower limits, no effects will result and if they exceed the upper limits, the elements are likely to crystallize in unfavourably large sizes.
  • Al-Si alloys have the improved wear and heat-resistance and have a low thermal co-efficient of expansion; they are widely used in various fields becuase of these excellent properties.
  • the quantity is preferably in a range of 16 to 30% in the light of the desired wear-resistance and easiness of extrusion.
  • Fe, Cr, Mn, Ni, Ti, Cu, Be, V, Y and Zr are equally effective to improve the thermal characteristics, such as heat-proof ability and lower co-efficient of expansion, so that these elements are functionally equivalents to each other.
  • the contents of these elements should be not less or more than the ranges specified above, that is, if they are less than the lower limits no desired effect will result in the thermal characteristics and if they are more than the upper limits the extrusion will become difficult because of the production of eutectic crystals of coarse grain.
  • Mg is effective to increase the strenght of the alloy but if the content of it is less than 0.3% no effect will result. If it exceeds 2% the mechanical properties of the alloy will degenerate because of the production of eutectic crystals.
  • Al-B alloy containing a relatively large quantity of boron can be extruded without any problem.
  • the Al-B alloy containes 0.5 to 12% of B, and when necessary, 0.5 to 6.0% of Mg and 0.2 to 1.5% of Si and the balance consists of aluminum and impurities.
  • B is effective to impart the neutron absorptive ability to the alloy and also to increase the mechanical strength but if the content is less than 0.5%, no desired effect will result; if it exceeds 12% the extrusion of the alloy will become difficult.
  • Mg 0.5 to 6.0% of Mg or 0.2 to 1.5% of Si or both are added.
  • Mg if added to increase the mechanical strength and maintain the rust-proofness but if the content of it is less than 0.5% no desired effect of increasing the strength will result. If it exceeds 6% the extrusion will become difficult and the extruded alloy is liable to crack under stress.
  • Si is effective to increase the strength in co-operation with the Mg content but if the content of Si is less than 0.2% no desired effect will result. If it exceeds 1.5% the strength of the alloy will degenerate.
  • Mn 0.1 to 0.6%
  • Cr 0.05 to 0.3%
  • Zr 0.05 to 0.3%
  • Ti 0.01 to 0.2%
  • Lubricity is particularly important for bearings.
  • the extruded aluminum alloy produced is suitable for producing bearings because of its excellent lubricity.
  • Cu is essential for increasing the mechanical strength but if the content of it is less than 1.5% no desired effect will result. If it exceeds 7.0% the mechanical strength will be lost.
  • Low melting point elements such as Pb, Bi, Sn and In
  • Pb, Bi, Sn and In are equally effective to increase the lubricity of the alloy particularly required when it is used in frictional places. For this use they are exchangeable and when the alloy contains at least one of them the lubricity will be improved. If the content of each element is less than 1% no desired effect will result. However if it exceeds 15% the extrusion will become difficult.
  • Si is effective to increase the wear-resistance of the alloy but if the content of it is less than 5% no desired effect will result. It it exceeds 20% the extrusion will become difficult.
  • Mg is effective to increase the mechanical strength of the alloy but if the content of it is less than 0.1% no desired effect will result.
  • Mn, Cr and Zr are equally effective to obtain the structure of fine grain of the alloy and Ti and B are equally effective to secure a casting of fine grain.
  • the content of each element is less than the lower limit no desired effect will result and if it exceeds the upper limit, Mn, Cr or Zr is likely to produce unfavourably large crystals, thereby reducing the mechanical strength.
  • Example 1 An Al-Zn-Mg-Cu base alloy was used in Example 1, whose chemical composition is shown in Table 1. This aluminum alloy is known for its mechanical strength. It will be appreciated from the table that Zn is contained in a greater quantity than that in the known No. A7000 alloys, which would be difficult to extrude by known methods:
  • the alloys from Nos. 1 to 5 were dissolved at a temperature 100°C higher than its liquid phase temperature (hereinafter expressed as "at the liquid phase temperature + 100°C ⁇ ), and the molten alloy was poured into the container previously heated to about 320°C. Immediately it was allowed to solidify at a pressure of 1,000 kgf/cm2 (98 MPa) by advancing the stem. When the temperature of the molten mass fell to 1/2 of the liquid phase temperature the application of pressure was stopped. In this way a mass (75 mm in diameter, and 100 mm in length) was obtained, which was placed in the container of the extruding machine and extruded therethrough into a rod having a diameter of 12 mm. The mass was free from any crack and the extrusion was smoothly carried out.
  • each of the comparative alloys contained Zn, Mg and Cu to the extent that it was considered as the upper limit for production under the known method and was formed in a billet thereunder. Then it was subjected to homogenizing heat treatment and extruded by an extruding machine.
  • the alloys having the chemical compositions shown in Table 3 were dissolved at its liquid phase temperature + 100°C and each molten alloy was poured into the container previously heated to about 320°C. Immediately it was allowed to solidify at a pressure of 1,000 kgf/cm2 (98 MPa) by advancing the stem. When the molten mass was cooled to 1/2 of the liquid phase temperature, the solidifying process was finished. Then the billet-like mass of 75 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length was obtained, which was immediately extruded into a rod having a diameter of 12 mm. No difficulty arose in extruding it.
  • the wear-resistance test was conducted at a rubbing speed of 2 m/sec., with the use of an "Ohkoshi” abrasion tester (dry) and a rubbing material FC30 (JIS).
  • the extruded aluminum alloy produced under the present invention is excellent in wear-resistance, heat-proof ability and has a low co-efficient of expansion.
  • the experiment was conducted to produce extruded aluminum alloys having excellent neutron absorptive property.
  • the alloys having the chemical compositions shown in Table 5 were extruded into a rod of 12 mm in diameter by the same method as that used in Example 2.
  • the specimens Nos. 1, 3 and 4 were tested on their mechanical properties without subjecting them to any treatment.
  • the specimen No. 2 was subjected to solid solution heat treatment at 520°C, followed by quenching in water and aging at 180°C for 7 hours.
  • the extruded aluminum alloy produced under the process of the present invention has excellent mechanical strength as compared with the "Boral" alloy. As seen from the No. 3 specimen the alloy was extruded without any difficulty regardless of the relatively large quantity of B.
  • the extruded aluminum ally produced under the present invention has excellent mechanical properties and wear-resistance as compared with the comparative alloys Nos. 7 and 8.
  • the improved wear-resistance is derived from the lubricity enhanced by the low melting point elements solved by frictional heat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Claims (12)

1. Un procédé de fabrication d'un produit extrudé en alliage d'aluminium par extrusion directe ou indirecte, comprenant les étapes de versement d'un alliage liquide dans une section de récipient d'une extrudeuse, d'application d'une pression sur l'alliage liquide dans la section de récipient en avançant une tige de l'extrudeuse dans un état où le récipient est fermé, permettant ainsi que l'alliage liquide forme une masse, d'arrêt de l'application de la pression lorsque la température de la masse atteint une température optimale convenant pour l'extrusion et d'extrusion de la masse dans l'extrudeuse sans la réchauffer, caractérisé en ce que la pression appliquée est de l'ordre de 50 kg/cm2 à 1500 kg/cm2 (4,9 MPa à 147 MPa), que la section de récipient est préalablement chauffée à une température de 300° à 350° et que le processus de solidification se termine lorsque la température de l'alliage d'aluminium est tombée à 1/3 à 2/3 de la température de la phase liquide et que la masse obtenue est immédiatement extrudée.
2. Un procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient de 7,0 à 12% de Zn, de 2,0 à 7,0% de Mg et de 0,5 à 3,0% de Cu, le reste étant essentiellement de l'aluminium.
3. Un procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient un ou plusieurs éléments sélectionnés parmi 0,2 à 1,0% de Mn, 0,1 à 0,4% de Cr et 0,05 à 0,3% de Zr.
4. Un procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient de 4,0 à 40% de Si, le reste étant essentiellement de l'aluminium, augmentant ainsi la résistance à l'usure du produit extrudé en alliage.
5. Un procédé suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient, en outre, de 4,0 à 20% de Cu.
6. Un procédé suivant la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient, en outre, au moins un élèment sélectionné parmi 0,5 à 20% de Fe, 0,5 à 20% de Cr, 1,0 à 20% de Mn, 0,5 à 20% de Ni, 0,5 à 10% de Ti, 1,0 à 20% de Be, 1,0 à 20% de V, 2,0 à 20% de Y, 0,5 à 10% de Zr et 0,3 à 2,0% de Mg.
7. Un procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient de 0,5 à 12% de B, le reste étant essentiellement de l'aluminium, augmentant ainsi le pouvoir d'absorption de neutrons.
8. Un procédé suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient, en outre, au moins un élément sélectionné parmi 0,5 à 6,0% de Mg et 0,2 à 1,5% de Si.
9. Un procédé suivant la revendication 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient, en outre, au moins un élément sélectionné parmi 0,1 à 0,6% de Mn, 0,05 à 0,3% de Cr, 0,05 à 0,3% de Zr et 0,01 à 0,2% de Ti.
10. Un procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient de 1,5 à 7,0% de Cu et au moins un élément sélectionné parmi 1,0 à 15% de Pb, 1,0 à 15% de Sn, 1,0 à 15% de Bi et 1,0 à 15% de In, le reste étant essentiellement de l'aluminium.
11. Un procédé suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient, en outre, au moins un élément sélectionné parmi 5,0 à 20% de Si et 0,1 à 3,0% de Mg.
12. Un procédé suivant la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage d'aluminium contient, en outre, 0,1 à 0,8% de Mn, 0,05 à 0,35% de Cr, 0,05 à 0,3% de Zr, 0,01 à 0,02% de Ti et 0,002 à 0,04% de B.
EP87302718A 1986-04-04 1987-03-30 Procédé de fabrication de produits extrudés en alliages d'aluminium Expired - Lifetime EP0241193B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61078931A JPS62235437A (ja) 1986-04-04 1986-04-04 中性子吸収性に優れたアルミニウム合金押出材の製造方法
JP78932/86 1986-04-04
JP78931/86 1986-04-04
JP61078932A JPS62235436A (ja) 1986-04-04 1986-04-04 軸受用アルミニウム合金押出材の製造方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0241193A1 EP0241193A1 (fr) 1987-10-14
EP0241193B1 true EP0241193B1 (fr) 1991-06-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87302718A Expired - Lifetime EP0241193B1 (fr) 1986-04-04 1987-03-30 Procédé de fabrication de produits extrudés en alliages d'aluminium

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0241193B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR920009037B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3770973D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0839589A1 (fr) * 1996-11-04 1998-05-06 Alusuisse Technology & Management AG Procédé pour la fabrication d'une corde profilée en métal

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2747327B1 (fr) * 1996-04-11 1998-06-12 Pechiney Recherche Procede et outillage de filage a grande vitesse d'alliages d'aluminium et profile obtenu
KR100432448B1 (ko) * 2001-08-16 2004-05-24 (주)진일금속 크롬, 니켈을 포함하는 알루미늄 합금판 제조방법
KR100799739B1 (ko) * 2006-08-17 2008-02-01 한국생산기술연구원 반용융 압출 장치 및 반용융 압출 방법

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1452222A1 (de) * 1965-07-31 1969-03-27 Krupp Gmbh Verfahren zum Verarbeiten von Metallegierungen in mit fluessigem Pressgut beschickten Metallstrangpressen
DE2457423C2 (de) * 1974-12-05 1983-04-21 Metall-Invent S.A., Zug Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Stranges aus einer metallischen Schmelze
US4694882A (en) * 1981-12-01 1987-09-22 The Dow Chemical Company Method for making thixotropic materials
US4601325A (en) * 1982-11-26 1986-07-22 Alform Alloys Limited Extrusion

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0839589A1 (fr) * 1996-11-04 1998-05-06 Alusuisse Technology & Management AG Procédé pour la fabrication d'une corde profilée en métal
WO1998019803A1 (fr) * 1996-11-04 1998-05-14 Alusuisse Technology & Management Ag Procede de fabrication par extrusion d'une barre profilee en metal
US6360576B1 (en) 1996-11-04 2002-03-26 Alusuisse Technology & Management Ag Process for extruding a metal section

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR870009793A (ko) 1987-11-30
KR920009037B1 (ko) 1992-10-13
EP0241193A1 (fr) 1987-10-14
DE3770973D1 (de) 1991-08-01

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