EP0848760A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von dünnen rohren - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von dünnen rohrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP0848760A1 EP0848760A1 EP96930114A EP96930114A EP0848760A1 EP 0848760 A1 EP0848760 A1 EP 0848760A1 EP 96930114 A EP96930114 A EP 96930114A EP 96930114 A EP96930114 A EP 96930114A EP 0848760 A1 EP0848760 A1 EP 0848760A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bolts
- extrusion
- tube
- alloy
- sections
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/18—Making uncoated products by impact extrusion
- B21C23/183—Making uncoated products by impact extrusion by forward extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
- B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
- B21C23/18—Making uncoated products by impact extrusion
- B21C23/186—Making uncoated products by impact extrusion by backward extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C33/00—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block
- B21C33/02—Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block the metal being in liquid form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing thin-walled tubes, which consist of a heat-resistant and wear-resistant aluminum material, in particular for use as cylinder liners for internal combustion engines.
- Bushings are components subject to wear and tear, which are inserted, pressed or cast into the cylinder openings of the crankcase of the internal combustion engine.
- the cylinder running surfaces of an internal combustion engine are exposed to strong frictional stresses caused by the piston or by the piston rings and locally occurring high temperatures. It is therefore necessary that these surfaces consist of wear-resistant and heat-resistant materials.
- the problem was initially solved by a cast cylinder block made of a hypereutectic AlSi alloy.
- the silicon content is limited to a maximum of 20% by weight.
- Another disadvantage of the casting process is that silicon solid particles with relatively large dimensions (approx. 30-80 / . T m) are excreted during the solidification of the melt. Due to their size and their angular and sharp-edged shape, they lead to wear on the pistons and piston rings. It is therefore necessary to protect the pistons and the piston rings with appropriate top coats / coatings.
- the contact area of the Si particles to the piston / piston ring is leveled by mechanical processing.
- Such a mechanical processing is then followed by an electrochemical treatment, as a result of which the aluminum matrix between the Si grains is slightly set back, so that the Si grains protrude slightly from the cylinder surface as a supporting structure.
- the disadvantage of such cylinder liners is one in a considerable manufacturing effort (expensive alloy, complex mechanical processing, iron-coated pistons, armored piston rings) and on the other hand in the poor distribution of the Si primary particles.
- a relatively thick oil film is required as a separating medium between the raceway and the friction partners.
- the depth of exposure of the Si particles is decisive for setting the oil film thickness.
- a relatively thick oil film leads to higher friction losses in the machine and to a greater increase in pollutant emissions.
- a cylinder block according to DE 42 30 228, which is cast from a hypereutectic AlSi alloy and is provided with liners made of hypereutectic AlSi alloy material, is less expensive. The aforementioned problems are not solved here either.
- the structure of the Si grains has to be changed. It is known that aluminum alloys that cannot be produced using casting technology can be made to measure using powder metallurgy processes or spray compaction.
- hypereutectic AlSi alloys can be produced which, due to the high Si content, the fineness of the Si particles and the homogeneous distribution, have very good wear resistance and are given the required heat resistance through additional elements such as Fe, Ni or Mn.
- the Si primary particles present in these alloys have a size of approximately 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m. The alloys produced in this way are therefore suitable for a liner material.
- EP 0 635 318 discloses a method for producing liners from a hypereutectic AlSi alloy.
- the liner is manufactured by extrusion at pressures from 1000 to 10000t and an extrusion speed of 0.5 to 12rn / min.
- very high press speeds are necessary. It has been shown that with such difficult to press alloys and the small wall thicknesses to be achieved Bushings that lead to high press speeds for tearing the profiles during extrusion.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved, cost-effective method for the production of liners, the liners produced being intended to have the required improvements in properties with regard to wear resistance, heat resistance and reduction of pollutant emissions.
- the object is achieved by a method with the method steps specified in claim 1.
- the required tribological properties are achieved in particular by using processes which permit a much higher solidification rate of a high-alloy melt.
- this includes the spray compacting process (hereinafter "spray compacting").
- spray compacting an aluminum alloy melt high-alloyed with silicon is atomized and cooled in a nitrogen jet at a cooling rate of 1000 ° C./s.
- the partially still liquid powder particles are sprayed onto a rotating plate.
- the plate is continuously moved downwards during the process.
- the overlapping of both movements creates a cylindrical bolt that has dimensions of approx. 1000 to 3000 mm in length with a diameter of up to 400 mm.
- Si primary precipitates up to 20 ⁇ m in size are created in this spray compacting process.
- the Si content of the alloys can be up to 40% by weight. Due to the rapid quenching of the aluminum melt in the gas jet, the supersaturation state in the bolt obtained is virtually "frozen".
- spray compacting can also be used to produce thick-walled tube blanks with internal diameters from 50 to 120 mm and a wall thickness of up to 250 mm.
- the particle beam is directed after the atomization onto a carrier tube that rotates horizontally about its longitudinal axis and is compacted there.
- a pipe blank is produced in this way, which serves as a raw material for further processing by means of pipe extrusion and / or other hot forming processes.
- the above carrier tube consists of a conventional wrought aluminum alloy or from the same alloy as is produced by spray compacting (of the same type).
- the structure of the spray-compacted bolt or the spray-compacted tube blank can be changed by subsequent aging annealing.
- the structure can be adjusted to an Si grain size of 2 to 30 ⁇ m by annealing, as is desirable for the required tribological properties.
- the growth of larger Si particles during the annealing process is caused by diffusion in the solid at the expense of smaller Si particles. This diffusion depends on the aging temperature and the duration of the annealing treatment. The higher the temperature, the faster the Si grains grow. However, time plays a subordinate role in this process. Suitable temperatures are around 500 ° C, with an annealing time of 3-5 hours being sufficient.
- annealing process is not required if a state with a fine Si precipitate size is desired.
- the size of the Si precipitate is adjusted by means of the “gas to metal ratio” during the process.
- Bolts or tube blanks produced using the spray compacting process generally have a density of more than 95% of the theoretical density of the alloy. Hot extrusion at temperatures from 350 ° C to 550 ° C is required to fully compress and close the residual porosity.
- the spray compacting process also offers the possibility of introducing particles that were not present in the melt into the bolt or into the tube blank via a particle injector. Since these particles can have any geometry and any size between 2ju, m and 400 ⁇ m, there are a variety of setting options for a structure. These particles can e.g. Si particles in the range from 2 ⁇ m to 400 ⁇ m or oxide-ceramic particles (e.g. AI2O3) or non-oxide-ceramic particles (e.g. SiC, B4C, etc.) in the aforementioned particle size range, as are commercially available and useful for the tribological aspect.
- oxide-ceramic particles e.g. AI2O3
- non-oxide-ceramic particles e.g. SiC, B4C, etc.
- a powder is generated by air ⁇ or inert gas atomization of the melt.
- this powder can be completely alloyed, which means that all alloying elements were contained in the melt, or the powder is mixed from several alloy or element powders in a subsequent step.
- the completely alloyed or the mixed powder is then pressed by cold isostatic pressing or hot pressing or vacuum hot pressing to form a bolt or a tube blank.
- the bolt or tube blank can then be fully compressed by hot extrusion.
- tribologically sensible structures can be adjusted on the one hand by means of an annealing treatment and on the other hand by adding particles (ceramic ceramics, non-oxide ceramics, etc.).
- a thick-walled tube with a wall thickness of 6 to 20 mm or a round rod with a diameter between 50mm and 120mm is formed from the bolt blank, which was produced via "spray compacting" or via the "powder route".
- the extrusion temperatures are between 300 ° C and 550 ° C.
- the extrusion of a round bar offers advantages in terms of the achievable pressing speeds, which makes the production of round bars more cost-effective.
- thick-walled tubes with reduced wall thicknesses can be obtained from the tube blanks which were produced by "spray compacting" or via the "powder route".
- the required forming is achieved by extrusion.
- Either pipe sections or rod sections with a somewhat larger volume than the thin-walled pipe to be produced are used for this.
- pipe sections both hollow-forward extrusion presses and hollow-backward extrusion presses with or without back pressure can be used.
- bar sections both bowl-forward extrusion and bowl-backward extrusion with or without back pressure can be used.
- the back pressure can be applied with a stamp in all processes.
- Back pressure enables a state of tension to be created in the material to be formed, which prevents cracks from occurring in the formed material. This is particularly necessary for materials that have only a limited formability at room temperature.
- the temperature range in which the forming can take place without changing the customized structure ranges from room temperature to temperatures of 480 ° C. Forming in temperature ranges (depending on the alloy system between 520 ° C and 600 ° C), in which a liquid phase occurs, is also possible. In this case, a coarsening of the Si precipitates to sizes from 10 ⁇ m to 30 / xm, as is also tribologically useful, is achieved if the starting material is not annealed.
- the tube formed to the end wall thickness or close to the end wall thickness is then machined at the tube ends.
- the thin-walled bottom is removed by machining or punching.
- the method according to the invention has the advantage that the material for the liner can be tailored.
- the high cost of extrusion in terms of pressure, speed and product quality is explained by the following second
- An alloy of the composition AI Si25 Cu2.5 Mgl Nil is compacted into a bolt at a melt temperature of 830 ° C. with a gas / metal ratio of 4.5 m 3 / kg (standard cubic meters of gas per kilogram of melt) after the spray compacting process.
- the Si precipitates are in the size range from l ⁇ m to lO ⁇ m under the conditions mentioned.
- the spray-compacted bolt is subjected to an annealing treatment of 4 hours at 520 ° C. After this annealing treatment, the Si deposits are in the size range from 2 / xm to 30 ⁇ m.
- Hot extrusion at 420 ° C and a profile exit speed of 0.5 m / min in a chamber tool creates a tube with an outside diameter of 94mm and an inside diameter of 68mm. Since the extrusion temperature is below the annealing temperature, the set structure is retained.
- the extruded, thick-walled tubes become short sections of 30mm length cut and at 420 ° C by hollow-forward extrusion into thin-walled pipe sections with an outer diameter of 74 mm with an inner diameter of 67 mm and a length of 130 mm.
- the pipes can be shaped completely without a collar, since each section is pushed through with the following section.
- the blank (1) is inserted into the die (2).
- the press ram (3) in cooperation with the die (2) partially forms the first blank (1) into a tube (sketch IB).
- the press ram (3) then moves back to the starting position and the next blank is placed in the die (2) (sketch IC).
- the plunger (3) is then pressed down, the first tube section is completely formed and ejected using the second blank (sketch 1 D).
- This procedure simultaneously creates a back pressure in the shaping press channel, which facilitates error-free forming.
- An alloy such as that produced by spray compacting in Example 1, is extruded into a round bar with an outer diameter of 74 mm.
- the simpler geometry enables a pressing speed of 1.5 m / min to be achieved, which means a not inconsiderable cost saving.
- the bar is cut into sections 27 mm long. These sections are then formed by cup backward extrusion at temperatures of 420 ° C. into a cup with an outside diameter of 74 mm, an inside diameter of 67 mm and a height of 130 mm. The thin bottom with a thickness of 4mm is then cut out when processing the pipe ends.
- An alloy as produced in Examples 1 and 2 by spray compacting is extruded into a round rod with an outer diameter of 74 mm without prior annealing.
- the primary Si deposits are in the size range from l ⁇ m to 7 / xm.
- the bar is divided into sections 27 mm long. These sections are inductive within Heated to a temperature of 560 ° C for 4 - 5 min. The alloy between solidus and liquidus is at this temperature.
- the partially fluid rod section is mechanically stable and can still be handled.
- the partially liquid rod section (1) is formed in a closed tool, which consists of a press ram (3), die (2) and ejector (4), by backward extrusion molding.
- section (1 ) inserted into the tool (sketch 2E), formed by means of the press ram (3) (sketch 2F) and ejected by the movement of the ejector (4) (sketch 2G).
- the result is a bowl with an outside diameter of 74mm, an inside diameter of 67mm and a height of 130mm.
- the bottom of the molded bowl with a thickness of 4mm can then be punched out during processing of the pipe ends or removed by punching.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19532253 | 1995-09-01 | ||
DE19532253A DE19532253C2 (de) | 1995-09-01 | 1995-09-01 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von dünnwandigen Rohren (II) |
PCT/EP1996/003778 WO1997009457A1 (de) | 1995-09-01 | 1996-08-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von dünnen rohren |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0848760A1 true EP0848760A1 (de) | 1998-06-24 |
EP0848760B1 EP0848760B1 (de) | 2000-08-09 |
Family
ID=7770983
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96930114A Expired - Lifetime EP0848760B1 (de) | 1995-09-01 | 1996-08-28 | Verfahren zur herstellung von laufbuchsen für verbrennungsmotoren |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6086819A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0848760B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP3582794B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR100269898B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1066492C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE195352T1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9610377A (de) |
DE (2) | DE19532253C2 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0848760T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2151179T3 (de) |
GR (1) | GR3034770T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT848760E (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997009457A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
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CN115945699A (zh) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-11 | 鑫精合激光科技发展(北京)有限公司 | 一种零件增材制造方法及终端设备 |
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DE19532252C2 (de) * | 1995-09-01 | 1999-12-02 | Erbsloeh Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Laufbuchsen |
DE10104638A1 (de) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-22 | Thyssen Krupp Automotive Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauteilen für Flugtriebwerke und stationäre Gasturbinen |
DE10239522B4 (de) | 2002-08-23 | 2016-02-11 | Leica Geosystems Ag | Halteeinrichtung für ein optisches Element |
DE102007003135B3 (de) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-03-06 | Peak Werkstoff Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses mit mehreren Zylinderlaufbuchsen sowie kurze Zylinderlaufbuchse mit daran festgelegtem Materialstreifen |
DE102012207294A1 (de) * | 2012-05-02 | 2013-11-07 | Peak-Werkstoff Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Leichtmetallteils; Leichtmetallteil und Verbrennungsmotor mit Zylinderlaufbuchse aus Leichtmetallteil |
DE102012208860A1 (de) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-11-28 | Peak-Werkstoff Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Kolbenringen |
CN104988365B (zh) * | 2015-06-08 | 2017-05-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 过共晶Al‑Si合金汽车用发动机缸套制备方法 |
CN105177327A (zh) * | 2015-09-11 | 2015-12-23 | 广西南南铝加工有限公司 | 5xxx系高镁铝合金o态板材的制备方法 |
KR20180085563A (ko) | 2017-01-19 | 2018-07-27 | 주식회사 도남알루메탈 | 튜브 압출 성형방법 |
CN107058739B (zh) * | 2017-01-22 | 2018-08-07 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 一种过共晶铝硅复合材料及其制造方法、应用 |
CN107891127A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-10 | 宁波百瑞天然气高压压缩机有限公司 | 一种活塞环翻砂模具 |
CN110735025B (zh) * | 2018-02-01 | 2021-01-15 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | 一种高性能铝合金收口筒体的制备方法 |
CN108754080A (zh) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-11-06 | 中原内配集团安徽有限责任公司 | 一种基于过共晶合金的发动机缸套 |
JP2023513139A (ja) * | 2020-02-05 | 2023-03-30 | サルヴァドリ、ジュゼッペ | リングまたは管状部材のブランクを製造するための装置および方法 |
CN111957759B (zh) * | 2020-08-11 | 2022-07-01 | 常熟市绿一电器配件制造有限公司 | 微小通道热挤压模具结构及其制备方法 |
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CN117600464B (zh) * | 2024-01-23 | 2024-03-22 | 烟台大学 | 一种高温合金薄壁热挤压装置及方法 |
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DE4230228C1 (de) * | 1992-09-10 | 1994-05-11 | Honsel Werke Ag | Bauteil aus einer Leichtmetallgußlegierung |
JPH06172893A (ja) * | 1992-09-29 | 1994-06-21 | Matsuda Micron Kk | 耐摩耗性に優れた摺接部材及びその製造方法 |
EP0600474B1 (de) * | 1992-12-03 | 1997-01-29 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Hoch warmfeste und verschleissfeste Aluminiumlegierung |
JPH06211396A (ja) * | 1993-01-13 | 1994-08-02 | Toray Ind Inc | テンタのクリップチェーンモニタリング方法及び装置 |
JPH06211395A (ja) * | 1993-01-18 | 1994-08-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 用紙自動装填装置のピンチローラ機構 |
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DE59408129D1 (de) * | 1993-07-22 | 1999-05-27 | Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag | Strangpressverfahren |
GB2294102B (en) * | 1993-12-04 | 1996-06-26 | Ae Goetze Automotive Limited | Fibre-reinforced metal pistons |
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GB9517045D0 (en) * | 1995-08-19 | 1995-10-25 | Gkn Sankey Ltd | Method of manufacturing a cylinder block |
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-
1995
- 1995-09-01 DE DE19532253A patent/DE19532253C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-08-28 AT AT96930114T patent/ATE195352T1/de active
- 1996-08-28 WO PCT/EP1996/003778 patent/WO1997009457A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-08-28 BR BR9610377A patent/BR9610377A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-08-28 KR KR1019980700898A patent/KR100269898B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1996-08-28 ES ES96930114T patent/ES2151179T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 JP JP51082497A patent/JP3582794B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-28 DK DK96930114T patent/DK0848760T3/da active
- 1996-08-28 PT PT96930114T patent/PT848760E/pt unknown
- 1996-08-28 CN CN96196544A patent/CN1066492C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-08-28 EP EP96930114A patent/EP0848760B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 US US09/029,679 patent/US6086819A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-08-28 DE DE59605724T patent/DE59605724D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-11-07 GR GR20000402459T patent/GR3034770T3/el unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9709457A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN115945699A (zh) * | 2022-12-30 | 2023-04-11 | 鑫精合激光科技发展(北京)有限公司 | 一种零件增材制造方法及终端设备 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DK0848760T3 (da) | 2000-09-25 |
DE19532253C2 (de) | 1998-07-02 |
WO1997009457A1 (de) | 1997-03-13 |
US6086819A (en) | 2000-07-11 |
GR3034770T3 (en) | 2001-02-28 |
ATE195352T1 (de) | 2000-08-15 |
KR19990036230A (ko) | 1999-05-25 |
JP3582794B2 (ja) | 2004-10-27 |
EP0848760B1 (de) | 2000-08-09 |
DE19532253A1 (de) | 1997-03-06 |
CN1194013A (zh) | 1998-09-23 |
PT848760E (pt) | 2001-01-31 |
BR9610377A (pt) | 1999-07-06 |
ES2151179T3 (es) | 2000-12-16 |
KR100269898B1 (ko) | 2000-10-16 |
JPH11501990A (ja) | 1999-02-16 |
CN1066492C (zh) | 2001-05-30 |
DE59605724D1 (de) | 2000-09-14 |
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