EP0784708B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstufigen erschmelzen von flüssigem eisen mittels nicht-elektrischer und elektrischer schmelzarbeit - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstufigen erschmelzen von flüssigem eisen mittels nicht-elektrischer und elektrischer schmelzarbeit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0784708B1 EP0784708B1 EP95931905A EP95931905A EP0784708B1 EP 0784708 B1 EP0784708 B1 EP 0784708B1 EP 95931905 A EP95931905 A EP 95931905A EP 95931905 A EP95931905 A EP 95931905A EP 0784708 B1 EP0784708 B1 EP 0784708B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vessel
- metallurgical
- oxygen
- iron
- steel works
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- -1 iron metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5252—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an electrically heated multi-chamber furnace, a combination of electric furnaces or an electric furnace arranged for associated working with a non electric furnace
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/285—Plants therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the metallurgical treatment of Ferrous metals, in particular for the production of molten steel, and a associated steelworks facility with at least one metallurgical vessel, which can be closed by a swiveling cover which can be closed by a Flue gas manifold communicates with and through a gas cleaning system whose lid heart can be guided at least one electrode, and a device for Filling the vessel with batched goods as well as a slag removal and one in Bottom of the vessel arranged melt tap opening.
- the main hood is independent of the metallic vessel arranged ceiling connected, with which they can be moved to the side as a unit is designed.
- Electric arc furnaces are usually operated with direct current or with alternating current besides.
- a double furnace device is included
- Two-furnace vessels and a method for operating this device are known can be closed by a cover, which is connected to a flue gas manifold Gas cleaning system are connected.
- a cover which is connected to a flue gas manifold Gas cleaning system are connected.
- Both furnaces are operated in such a way that one furnace for melting the batch contained therein is supplied with electrical energy and the other is completely disconnected from the electrical network and after charging with the warm flue gases from the other furnace. It is metallurgical this is a one-step process.
- Metallurgical vessels have also been proposed. So is from the DE34 19 030 C1 a metallurgical reaction vessel, in particular a Steel mill converter, known for each process stage of a process and for operating devices arranged above and / or below the reaction vessel corresponding functional part can be rotated about a vertical axis of rotation is achievable. To the operating facilities pay z. B. exhaust pipe, Charging device, measuring lance, blowing lance and bottom descent device. These are permanently installed, while the reaction vessel is in the corresponding position is rotated.
- the reaction vessel is each suitable for one method. It is used for production of metal melts, in particular steel melts, and the production of gases such as B. of CO gases from coal and a substance by its presence Supported reaction and used up little or not at all, how e.g. B. of pig iron melting.
- the aim of the invention is to provide a method and a device suitable therefor create with the energy-saving, environmentally friendly and inexpensive metallurgical work of ferrous metals, in particular for the production of Melting steel, is feasible.
- all metallurgical work is done in one vessel carried out, this vessel once the function of a converter and immediately afterwards without transferring the melt product the function of a Arc furnace takes over.
- This can be done in a particularly advantageous manner Process in two metallurgical overlaps of 50% in their work cycles Design vessels.
- the exhaust gases are extracted during the reduction work. After inflation is complete, the phosphorus-containing slag is slagged off. At this point, an exchange of operating equipment is carried out, namely the lance and the exhaust manifold are removed, instead the electrodes are inserted and the flue gas line is opened in order to then carry out the melting work via the electric arc furnace. At the end of the process, the residual slag is slagged off and the liquid melt is tapped off at the bottom.
- the bottom cut is cleaned and closed again, the corresponding material is charged, the lid of the furnace vessel is closed, the lance or burner and the exhaust manifold are brought into position and the process can be started again.
- a melting process takes place using electrodes in the other furnace vessel. These flue gases are passed through a flue gas manifold into a mixing chamber, where they mix with the exhaust gases from the blowing process. Since the blowing process allows very high flue gas temperatures due to afterburning the CO, this ensures that possibly colder flue gases from the electric furnace operation are safely re-burned. This reliably prevents possible odor nuisance and possibly other hydrocarbon compounds such as furans and dioxins.
- a steel mill device with a metallurgical vessel in which lids are used, the lid hearts of which can be removed.
- the mouth of an exhaust manifold is placed on the lid heart opening, through this manifold and the opening in the lid at least one lance or at least one burner is brought into the interior of the upper part of the metallurgical vessel.
- the metallurgical vessel can be converted from an electric arc furnace to a converter in a few simple steps and with extremely simple design.
- the lance guided through the exhaust manifold is connected to a moving device which, as can be predetermined, immerses the lance head deep into the vessel.
- the lance used can be designed as a pure oxygen lance, as a pure burner, but also as a multifunctional lance.
- the flue gas manifold which is customary for the electric arc furnace, has shut-off devices which are closed by the exhaust manifold during the blowing phase and suction.
- the pivot points of the electrode pivoting device and the rotating device of the Exhaust manifolds are also in an electric furnace system with only one furnace vessel on one Dividing line arranged that exactly the first furnace vessel from the second (Expansion) oven vessel separates.
- FIG. 1 shows the top view of a single furnace system with the possibility of expanding it as a double furnace system.
- the lid 13 (23) attached to the lid pivoting device 14 (24) can be seen in the swung-out and in the operating position.
- the lid heart 25 can also be clearly seen.
- Flue gas manifolds 51 (52) are connected to the covers 13 (23) and are connected to a main flue gas pipe 55 via a shut-off valve 53 (54).
- the suction 56 (57) of the bulges 18 (28) are connected to the flue gas main line 52.
- the lid 13 is detachably connected to an exhaust manifold 61, which has a Rotating device 63 is pivotable.
- the flue gas main 55 and one Exhaust main line 64 are brought together in an afterburning chamber 71.
- a lance 41 is guided through the exhaust manifold 61 and is carried by a lance support arm 42 is held.
- Electrode 31 is guided through the cover heart 25 and is connected via a Electrode support arm 32 is connected to an electrode pivoting device 33.
- FIG. 2 shows schematically the two operating states, namely the metallurgical vessel in the function of a converter and the other as an arc furnace.
- a lance 41 is fastened to a lance support arm 42 and is guided coaxially to the main axis I of the vessel through an exhaust manifold 61 and the heart opening 16 into the interior of the upper part 12 of the vessel.
- the upper part 12 and the lower part 17 together form the furnace vessel 11, which is closed by a lid 13.
- the lid 13 has a lid heart opening 16, against which the mouth 62 of the exhaust manifold 61 rests.
- the exhaust manifold 61 is pivotable via a rotating device 63.
- the lower vessel 17 has a tap opening 19, in this case the bottom tap, for the metal workers.
- the furnace shown in the left half of the figure shows an electrode arm 32, to which three electrodes 31 are attached in the present case, which are guided through the cover heart 25, which closes the cover heart opening 26.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
- Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
- Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4434369A DE4434369C2 (de) | 1994-09-15 | 1994-09-15 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum metallurgischen Behandeln von Eisen |
| DE4434369 | 1994-09-15 | ||
| PCT/DE1995/001311 WO1996008584A1 (de) | 1994-09-15 | 1995-09-15 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstufigen erschmelzen von flüssigem eisen mittels nicht-elektrischer und elektrischer schmelzarbeit |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0784708A1 EP0784708A1 (de) | 1997-07-23 |
| EP0784708B1 true EP0784708B1 (de) | 1999-12-08 |
Family
ID=6529222
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP95931905A Expired - Lifetime EP0784708B1 (de) | 1994-09-15 | 1995-09-15 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum einstufigen erschmelzen von flüssigem eisen mittels nicht-elektrischer und elektrischer schmelzarbeit |
Country Status (20)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5961688A (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP0784708B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JP3328291B2 (pt) |
| CN (1) | CN1044492C (pt) |
| AT (1) | ATE187503T1 (pt) |
| AU (1) | AU3516995A (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR9508955A (pt) |
| CZ (1) | CZ288143B6 (pt) |
| DE (2) | DE4434369C2 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES2139241T3 (pt) |
| GR (1) | GR3032729T3 (pt) |
| HU (1) | HU218552B (pt) |
| MX (1) | MX9701982A (pt) |
| PL (1) | PL179468B1 (pt) |
| PT (1) | PT784708E (pt) |
| RO (1) | RO119313B1 (pt) |
| RU (1) | RU2152437C1 (pt) |
| SI (1) | SI9520099B (pt) |
| TW (1) | TW320653B (pt) |
| WO (1) | WO1996008584A1 (pt) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU88785A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-01-03 | Wurth Paul Sa | Procédé de fabrication d'acier dans un four électrique avec enfournement de fonte liquide |
| DE19820589A1 (de) * | 1998-05-08 | 1999-11-11 | Wilfried Stein | Elektrolichtbogenofen |
| DE19827299C1 (de) * | 1998-06-19 | 2000-03-09 | Schloemann Siemag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Stahlerzeugung in einem Ofengefäß |
| DE50303443D1 (de) * | 2002-08-20 | 2006-06-29 | Sms Demag Ag | Doppelofenanlage für die Erzeugung von Stahlwerkstoffen |
| US8200775B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2012-06-12 | Newsilike Media Group, Inc | Enhanced syndication |
| US8347088B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2013-01-01 | Newsilike Media Group, Inc | Security systems and methods for use with structured and unstructured data |
| US9202084B2 (en) | 2006-02-01 | 2015-12-01 | Newsilike Media Group, Inc. | Security facility for maintaining health care data pools |
| US20070050446A1 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2007-03-01 | Moore James F | Managing network-accessible resources |
| US8140482B2 (en) | 2007-09-19 | 2012-03-20 | Moore James F | Using RSS archives |
| US7381926B2 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2008-06-03 | Applied Materials, Inc. | Removable heater |
| US8700738B2 (en) | 2005-02-01 | 2014-04-15 | Newsilike Media Group, Inc. | Dynamic feed generation |
| CN101007340B (zh) * | 2007-01-25 | 2010-05-19 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | 连铸中间包减少浇余钢水的处理方法 |
| ES2633466T3 (es) * | 2009-03-31 | 2017-09-21 | Sms Group S.P.A. | Horno de arco eléctrico |
| CN102010927B (zh) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-06-20 | 天津二十冶建设有限公司 | 大型转炉整体液压顶升倒装施工方法 |
| JP7094264B2 (ja) * | 2019-12-25 | 2022-07-01 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 溶鋼の製造方法 |
| CN112094977B (zh) * | 2020-08-26 | 2021-07-02 | 北京科技大学 | 一种双炉体电-转炉高效冶炼的工艺和系统 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1219959B (de) * | 1962-11-13 | 1966-06-30 | Heurtey Sa | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Stahl und aehnlichen Metallen in elektrischen Lichtbogenoefen |
| US3812275A (en) * | 1973-02-26 | 1974-05-21 | Pennsylvania Engineering Corp | Steel production method and apparatus |
| DE2939859C2 (de) * | 1979-10-02 | 1983-06-23 | Klöckner-Werke AG, 4100 Duisburg | Verfahren zur Stahlherstellung |
| AT376702B (de) * | 1983-04-06 | 1984-12-27 | Voest Alpine Ag | Verfahren zum betrieb einer metallurgischen anlage |
| AT382639B (de) * | 1985-04-26 | 1987-03-25 | Voest Alpine Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von stahl aus eisenschwamm sowie anlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens |
| DE3921807A1 (de) * | 1989-07-03 | 1991-01-10 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum beheizen eines metallurgischen ofens |
| DE4138120A1 (de) * | 1991-11-19 | 1993-05-27 | Fuchs Technology Ag | Einschmelzaggregat mit ofenwiege |
| AT396942B (de) * | 1991-12-16 | 1993-12-27 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zum herstellen von metallschmelzen, insbesondere stahlschmelzen |
| AT396370B (de) * | 1992-03-31 | 1993-08-25 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren zum herstellen von stahl aus schrott |
| DE4215858C2 (de) * | 1992-05-14 | 1995-09-14 | Metallgesellschaft Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Stahlschmelzen |
| US5286277A (en) * | 1992-05-26 | 1994-02-15 | Zaptech Corporation | Method for producing steel |
| ATA121393A (de) * | 1993-06-21 | 1998-07-15 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Konverter und verfahren zur herstellung von stahl |
| AT400245B (de) * | 1993-12-10 | 1995-11-27 | Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen | Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen einer eisenschmelze |
| US5541952A (en) * | 1994-06-21 | 1996-07-30 | Mannesmann Demag Corporation | Apparatus and method of preheating steel scrap for a twin shell electric arc furnace |
-
1994
- 1994-09-15 DE DE4434369A patent/DE4434369C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1995
- 1995-09-15 RO RO97-00454A patent/RO119313B1/ro unknown
- 1995-09-15 DE DE59507399T patent/DE59507399D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-15 MX MX9701982A patent/MX9701982A/es unknown
- 1995-09-15 CN CN95195104A patent/CN1044492C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-15 PL PL95319177A patent/PL179468B1/pl unknown
- 1995-09-15 EP EP95931905A patent/EP0784708B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-15 SI SI9520099A patent/SI9520099B/sl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-15 RU RU97105844/02A patent/RU2152437C1/ru active
- 1995-09-15 US US08/793,777 patent/US5961688A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-15 WO PCT/DE1995/001311 patent/WO1996008584A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1995-09-15 PT PT95931905T patent/PT784708E/pt unknown
- 1995-09-15 BR BR9508955A patent/BR9508955A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-15 AT AT95931905T patent/ATE187503T1/de active
- 1995-09-15 CZ CZ1997796A patent/CZ288143B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-15 JP JP50982496A patent/JP3328291B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-15 HU HU9801471A patent/HU218552B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-09-15 AU AU35169/95A patent/AU3516995A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-09-15 ES ES95931905T patent/ES2139241T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1996
- 1996-09-19 TW TW085111472A patent/TW320653B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-02-23 GR GR20000400428T patent/GR3032729T3/el not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| CORNARC: Process and Plant Installation (Firmenprospekt) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SI9520099A (en) | 1997-08-31 |
| AU3516995A (en) | 1996-03-29 |
| CN1044492C (zh) | 1999-08-04 |
| CZ79697A3 (en) | 1997-07-16 |
| HU218552B (hu) | 2000-10-28 |
| BR9508955A (pt) | 1998-01-06 |
| ATE187503T1 (de) | 1999-12-15 |
| CN1158147A (zh) | 1997-08-27 |
| GR3032729T3 (en) | 2000-06-30 |
| HUT77889A (hu) | 1998-09-28 |
| RU2152437C1 (ru) | 2000-07-10 |
| SI9520099B (sl) | 2002-02-28 |
| CZ288143B6 (en) | 2001-05-16 |
| RO119313B1 (ro) | 2004-07-30 |
| DE4434369C2 (de) | 1997-08-07 |
| JPH10505637A (ja) | 1998-06-02 |
| EP0784708A1 (de) | 1997-07-23 |
| WO1996008584A1 (de) | 1996-03-21 |
| MX9701982A (es) | 1998-02-28 |
| US5961688A (en) | 1999-10-05 |
| DE4434369A1 (de) | 1996-03-21 |
| ES2139241T3 (es) | 2000-02-01 |
| JP3328291B2 (ja) | 2002-09-24 |
| PL319177A1 (en) | 1997-08-04 |
| TW320653B (pt) | 1997-11-21 |
| DE59507399D1 (de) | 2000-01-13 |
| PT784708E (pt) | 2000-05-31 |
| PL179468B1 (pl) | 2000-09-29 |
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