EP0635283B1 - Verfahren zur reduktiven Dehalogenierung von organohalogenhaltigen festen Stoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur reduktiven Dehalogenierung von organohalogenhaltigen festen Stoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0635283B1 EP0635283B1 EP94250184A EP94250184A EP0635283B1 EP 0635283 B1 EP0635283 B1 EP 0635283B1 EP 94250184 A EP94250184 A EP 94250184A EP 94250184 A EP94250184 A EP 94250184A EP 0635283 B1 EP0635283 B1 EP 0635283B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- minutes
- process according
- ammonia
- solid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/37—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/34—Dehalogenation using reactive chemical agents able to degrade
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
- A62D2203/04—Combined processes involving two or more non-distinct steps covered by groups A62D3/10 - A62D3/40
Definitions
- the invention relates to a chemical process for Dahalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons in Mixtures of solids are included.
- U.S. Pa. 4 255 252 (1979) is sodium as Suspension (average particle diameter below 100 ⁇ m, preferably below 30 ⁇ m) in oil at elevated temperatures (90 - 160 ° C) with pretreated waste oils for reaction brought.
- Kennedy et al. Employee M.V. Kennedy, E.J. Stojanovic, F.L. Shuhman, Jr .: Chemical and thermal aspecs of pesticide disposal. J. Environ. Qual. 1972 (1) 63 - 65) describe sodium in ammonia as an agent for destruction of halogenated pesticides previously dissolved in n-hexane were. The authors do not give quantitative ratios (Sodium to pesticide) and use the agent exclusively to previously dissolved (liquid) substances.
- An advantage of the sodium process is its selectivity. In contrast to oxidative degradation and catalytic Hydrocarbons do not become hydrogenation affected. Because of its high reactivity, sodium even at low temperatures and short reaction times cause complete dehalogenation, if there is no transport limitation in the reaction medium. The technical implementation of the sodium process requires one comparatively low investment and is therefore particularly suitable for smaller, possibly mobile systems.
- a obvious disadvantage of using metal suspensions is that solid products are not in can be treated easily because solid-to-solid reactions have a high level of transport inhibition. However, this application is of interest for the treatment of solids such as loaded activated carbon and coke, Filter dust u. a. at which low concentrations of more or less tightly bound halogenated hydrocarbons a solid matrix.
- EP-A 288 408 describes a process for reductive dehalogenation Contaminated solids known for the sodium at - 50 ° C in ammonia is dissolved and the solids with the sodium solution prepared be contacted.
- the invention solves the problem, halogenated hydrocarbons, which are sorbed on solid matrices, a direct one To make dehalogenation accessible with sodium, being for a largely complete dehalogenation only a small stoichiometric excess of sodium is required.
- the method can be in different embodiments be applied.
- the solid is suspended in ammonia and the metallic Sodium added.
- the dehalogenation is completed after a short reaction time. Nearly Complete sales occur after just a minute of contact between sodium suspension and a little porous Solid matrix.
- Treatment can be close to temperatures the boiling point of ammonia at atmospheric pressure or at Temperatures close to ambient temperature under increased pressure or executed under conditions between these key points become.
- the invention has process engineering View specific advantages and disadvantages, in particular the Reactor design and the ammonia circuit concern.
- the Solvent ammonia can either after the reaction separated from the purified solid as a liquid phase or be vaporized directly. The evaporation is in Dependence on the reaction conditions by heating and / or relaxation achieved. In any case, ammonia circulated.
- reaction temperatures above 30 ° C only make sense if if this causes additional effects on the solid matrix are to be effected (e.g. extraction of further Pollutants).
- the workup of the reaction products is of the chosen embodiment and the one to be cleaned Waste product dependent. It contains the following steps that can be combined differently in their order can: (i) decompose excess sodium by Add water or other active hydrogen reagents (e.g. methanol, acetic acid, dilute mineral acids o. a.): (ii) Evaporation of the solvent by Warm up or relax, taking the vaporized ammonia after re-liquefaction is to be circulated; (iii) washing and neutralizing the purified solid or the wash water, if necessary.
- active hydrogen reagents e.g. methanol, acetic acid, dilute mineral acids
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Description
Als feste Matrices (Siefraktion 0.5-2 mm) wurden eine Aktivkohle (Hydraffin 30 der Fa. Lurgi), eine Flugasche aus einem Braunkohlekraftwerk und ein Flussediment aus der Weißen Elster (lufttrocken) geprüft. Diese Matrices wurden mit folgenden Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen (102-104 ppm) beladen: o-Dichlorbenzol, p-Chlorphenol, 1-Chlornaphthalin, 2,3,4-Trichlorbiphenyl, DDT und Lindan. 10 g des dotierten Feststoffs wurden in 30 ml flüssigem Ammoniak suspendiert und einem Magnetrührer unter Atmosphärendruck am Rückfluß (-33 °C) gerührt. In dieser Suspension wurden ca. 100 mg metallisches Natrium eingetragen. In der Umgebung des sich schnell auflösenden Natriumstücks trat die charakteristische tiefe Blaufärbung von solvatisiertem Natrium auf.
Claims (5)
- Verfahren zur reduktiven Dehalogenierung von Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen, die in Gemischen mit festen Stoffen vorliegen, durch Behandeln dieser Gemische mit Natrium in flüssigem Ammoniak, dadurch gekennzeichet, daß metallisches Natrium zu einem kontaminierten Feststoff, dispergiert in flüssigem Ammoniak, gegeben wird und im gelösten Zustand weitere chemische Reaktionen eingeht.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Natriumbehandlung 1 - 30 Minuten, vorzugsweise 2-10 Minuten, bei 15 - 25 °C unter erhöhtem Druck am Rückfluß vornimmt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Natriumbehandlung 1 - 20 Minuten, vorzugsweise 2 - 10 Minuten, drucklos bei -33 °C oder bei leicht erhöhtem Druck unterhalb 0 °C durchführt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Behandlung mit einem Überschuß an Natrium vornimmt und das unverbrauchte Reagenz vor einer Zersetzung mit wasserstoffaktiven Verbindungen als ammoniakalische Lösung für weitere Umsetzungen abtrennt.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Lösungsmittel Ammoniak nach beendeter Reaktion durch Erwärmen und/oder Entspannen verdampft und im Kreislauf führt.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4324931A DE4324931A1 (de) | 1993-07-24 | 1993-07-24 | Verfahren zur reduktiven Dehalogenierung von organohalogenhaltigen festen und flüssigen Stoffen |
DE4324931 | 1993-07-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0635283A1 EP0635283A1 (de) | 1995-01-25 |
EP0635283B1 true EP0635283B1 (de) | 1999-01-20 |
Family
ID=6493654
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94250184A Revoked EP0635283B1 (de) | 1993-07-24 | 1994-07-20 | Verfahren zur reduktiven Dehalogenierung von organohalogenhaltigen festen Stoffen |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0635283B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE175882T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE4324931A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0880378A4 (de) * | 1995-11-07 | 1999-03-24 | Commodore Applied Technologies | Verfahren und gerät zum vernichten chemischer kampfstoffe |
JP2003230638A (ja) * | 2002-02-07 | 2003-08-19 | Toshiba Corp | 有害有機塩素化合物の無害化処理システムおよび無害化処理された生成物と廃棄物のリサイクル方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2249679C3 (de) * | 1972-10-11 | 1980-09-11 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur Herstellung von 9cis Tricosen, Muscalure |
DE2813200C2 (de) * | 1978-03-25 | 1986-03-27 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Wiederaufbereitung von gebrauchten Schmierölen |
US4910353A (en) * | 1983-02-07 | 1990-03-20 | Transformer Service, Inc. | Dehalogenation of polychlorinated biphenyls and other related compounds |
CH668709A5 (de) * | 1985-12-06 | 1989-01-31 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Verfahren zur enthalogenierung von polyhalogenierten aliphatischen und aromatischen verbindungen. |
US4853040A (en) * | 1987-03-30 | 1989-08-01 | A. L. Sandpiper Corporation | Processes for decontaminating polluted substrates |
-
1993
- 1993-07-24 DE DE4324931A patent/DE4324931A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-07-20 AT AT94250184T patent/ATE175882T1/de active
- 1994-07-20 EP EP94250184A patent/EP0635283B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1994-07-20 DE DE59407681T patent/DE59407681D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4324931A1 (de) | 1995-01-26 |
EP0635283A1 (de) | 1995-01-25 |
ATE175882T1 (de) | 1999-02-15 |
DE59407681D1 (de) | 1999-03-04 |
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