EP0573496A4 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- EP0573496A4 EP0573496A4 EP19920905500 EP92905500A EP0573496A4 EP 0573496 A4 EP0573496 A4 EP 0573496A4 EP 19920905500 EP19920905500 EP 19920905500 EP 92905500 A EP92905500 A EP 92905500A EP 0573496 A4 EP0573496 A4 EP 0573496A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fuel
- sulphur
- aromatic hydrocarbons
- diesel engines
- volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012993 chemical processing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 11
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 particulates Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- QWHNJUXXYKPLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl cyclopentane Natural products CC1(C)CCCC1 QWHNJUXXYKPLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclopentane Chemical compound CC1CCCC1 GDOPTJXRTPNYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005547 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001323490 Colias gigantea Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010269 sulphur dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004291 sulphur dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
- C10L1/08—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
- F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
Definitions
- the present invention concerns an improved fuel for use in diesel engines, composed chiefly of a mixture characterized by being of hydrocarbons containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
- Hydrocarbon fuels such as diesel fuels, contain three main classes of compounds:
- Aliphatics or open chain hydrocarbons also known as paraffins, of the formula H- +2/ either straight or branched chain.
- Aromatics or the benzenoid series, examples of which are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene.
- STITUTE SHEET Other components may also be present, such as sulphur or sulphur compounds and petroleum waxes. Additives may be included after the refining and blending processes to produce fuels having desirable characteristics.
- the present invention is directed to a fuel for diesel engines which is more acceptable than the currently available fuels in that in use it causes fewer operational problems, is more environmentally kind and is safer, cleaner and less hazardous from an occupational health and safety aspect.
- Such a fuel is one which contains not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, and preferably not more than 0.05% by weight of sulphur or sulphur compounds. It is also preferred that the fuel of the invention contains no, or very little, petroleum waxes.
- the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the fuel of the present invention is not more than 1% by volume when compared to commercial diesel fuels that contain typically about 15 to 30% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which are of the carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic variety.
- the fuel of the present invention is virtually free of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. This reduction in aromaticity of the new fuel gives rise to improved fuel combustion efficiency resulting in exhaust emissions that are much less carcinogenic and much less polluting than conventional diesel fuel emissions.
- a further preferred feature of the invention is the elimination or significant reduction of other components of conventional diesel fuel which cause either operational difficulties and or pollution when combusted in diesel engines, e.g. petroleum waxes such as paraffin and microcrystalline waxes, sulphur and sulphur compounds.
- the fuel of the present invention in one preferred embodiment, contains no petroleum waxes, resulting in cleaner combustion.
- the improved fuel exhibits acceptable low temperature ignition characteristics thus avoiding the necessity to produce different blends of diesel fuel for winter and summer use.
- Sulphur and sulphur compounds when combusted, produce gaseous acidic oxides of sulphur (e.g. sulphur dioxide), which dissolve in atmospheric moisture giving rise to the formation of acid rain.
- the fuel outlined in the invention in a preferred form contains significantly lower levels of sulphur, thus effecting a consequent reduction in acidic gas emissions.
- the proposed fuel is more readily biodegraded than conventional fuel and of lower toxicity to marine life by virtue of its minimal content of aromatic hydrocarbons.
- the improved fuel of the present invention can be produced in several ways such as:
- One of the most convenient commercial methods for producing fuel of the present invention involves the processing of a refinery feedstock whereby the aromatic species are either extracted (i.e. removed) or are converted to naphthenes (e.g. by hydrogenation) , the refinery feedstock being brought within the boiling range parameters by fractional distillation before or after treatment of the aromatic species. Similar factors apply if removing the sulphur or petroleum waxes.
- Aromatic % (by vol.) 1.0 (max) ASTM D1319 Hydrocarbons (F.I.A.); or F.T.I.R. compared to toluene
- the fuel in this Example is derived from highly refined and chemically treated paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a predominantly paraffinic hydrocarbon mixture containing low concentrations of naphthenic hydrocarbons and not more than 1% by volume concentration of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
- Example 2 The fuel in this Example is derived from highly refined and chemically treated paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a predominantly paraffinic hydrocarbon mixture containing low concentrations of naphthenic hydrocarbons and not more than 1% by volume concentration of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
- the fuel in this Example is derived from highly refined and chemically treated feedstocks to produce a predominantly paraffinic/naphthenic hydrocarbon mixture containing not more than 1% by volume concentration of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
- This fuel is a mixture of Examples 1 and 2.
- Ash Content (% m/m) . (ASTM D482)
- the invention is of use in connection with the petroleum industry, for producing fuels for diesel engines, and for operating diesel engines in various industries, such as mining, construction and transport.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The invention concerns an improved fuel for use in diesel engines, which comprises mainly a mixture of hydrocarbons containing not more than 1 % by volume of aromatic type hydrocarbons. Preferably the fuel also contains less than 0.05 % by weight of sulphur or sulphur compounds, and essentially no petroleum waxes. Additionally described are methods of producing this fuel, as well as the use of the fuel to reduce unwanted emissions and to improve operational performance.
Description
LOW AROMATIC DIESEL FUEL
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention concerns an improved fuel for use in diesel engines, composed chiefly of a mixture characterized by being of hydrocarbons containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
BACKGROUND ART
It has long been recognised that there are problems in using commercially available diesel fuels in diesel engines. Of particular concern is the operation of diesel engines in poorly ventilated areas, or areas having limited ventilation such as underground mines and tunnels. The exhaust emissions produced by these diesel engines and the odour of the fuel are unpleasant to persons working in these areas and, in confined spaces, can be a health and safety hazard.
In addition, emissions produced by diesel powered vehicles or equipment are a major source of air pollution and there are moves to limit or restrict the production of emissions in line with current global environmental concerns.
It is therefore advantageous for several reasons to find a way to significantly reduce the production of such diesel exhaust emissions.
Hydrocarbon fuels, such as diesel fuels, contain three main classes of compounds:
(1) Aliphatics or open chain hydrocarbons, also known as paraffins, of the formula H- +2/ either straight or branched chain.
(2) Naphthenes, or cycloalkanes, some examples of which are methylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, dimethylcyclopentane and methylcyclohexane.
(3) Aromatics, or the benzenoid series, examples of which are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene.
STITUTE SHEET
Other components may also be present, such as sulphur or sulphur compounds and petroleum waxes. Additives may be included after the refining and blending processes to produce fuels having desirable characteristics.
Conventional diesel fuels commonly contain 15% to 30% or even higher levels of aromatic type hydrocarbons, but generally between 20% to 30% of aromatic type hydrocarbons and from 0.08% to 0.5% of sulphur together with significnt levels of petroleum waxes. By reducing the amount of aromatic type hydrocarbons present to not more than 1% by volume and optionally reducing the total sulphur content to not more than 0.05% together with significant reductions in the petroleum wax content, it has been found that a considerable reduction in unwanted diesel exhaust emissions can be achieved.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
The present invention is directed to a fuel for diesel engines which is more acceptable than the currently available fuels in that in use it causes fewer operational problems, is more environmentally kind and is safer, cleaner and less hazardous from an occupational health and safety aspect.
Such a fuel is one which contains not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, and preferably not more than 0.05% by weight of sulphur or sulphur compounds. It is also preferred that the fuel of the invention contains no, or very little, petroleum waxes.
When conventional diesel fuels are combusted the products of combustion are typically soot, oxides of carbon, oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen and water vapour together with partially combusted fuel vapour which is likely to contain aromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones and other hydrocarbons. In diesel powered equipment for use in underground applications it is necessary to
remove soot, particulates, fuel vapour, acidic gases, etc from the exhaust emissions and to cool the exhaust gases prior to discharge to the atmosphere. The method currently adopted is to pass the exhaust emissions through a water filled gas scrubbing unit. However, these scrubbing units have been found to operate inefficiently for various reasons.
The content of aromatic hydrocarbons in the fuel of the present invention is not more than 1% by volume when compared to commercial diesel fuels that contain typically about 15 to 30% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which are of the carcinogenic polynuclear aromatic variety. The fuel of the present invention is virtually free of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. This reduction in aromaticity of the new fuel gives rise to improved fuel combustion efficiency resulting in exhaust emissions that are much less carcinogenic and much less polluting than conventional diesel fuel emissions.
A further preferred feature of the invention is the elimination or significant reduction of other components of conventional diesel fuel which cause either operational difficulties and or pollution when combusted in diesel engines, e.g. petroleum waxes such as paraffin and microcrystalline waxes, sulphur and sulphur compounds.
Conventional diesel fuel contains a significant amount of petroleum waxes which gives rise to poor low temperature ignition characteristics necessitating different diesel blends for winter and summer conditions. Also, incomplete combustion of the petroleum waxes gives rise to the production of solid particulate matter/soot in the exhaust emissions. The fuel of the present invention in one preferred embodiment, contains no petroleum waxes, resulting in cleaner combustion. In addition the improved fuel exhibits acceptable low temperature ignition characteristics thus avoiding the necessity to produce different blends of diesel fuel for winter and summer use.
Sulphur and sulphur compounds, when combusted, produce gaseous acidic oxides of sulphur (e.g. sulphur dioxide), which dissolve in atmospheric moisture giving rise to the formation of acid rain. When compared to conventional diesel fuel, the fuel outlined in the invention in a preferred form contains significantly lower levels of sulphur, thus effecting a consequent reduction in acidic gas emissions.
In addition the proposed fuel is more readily biodegraded than conventional fuel and of lower toxicity to marine life by virtue of its minimal content of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Also to be noted is that when the fuel of the present invention is combusted lower levels of smoke and hydrocarbon vapour are produced, thus reducing atmospheric pollution and smog formation.
The improved fuel of the present invention can be produced in several ways such as:
Refining and/or re-refining and chemical processing of conventional diesel fuel to remove or convert the aromatic hydrocarbons present, such that they do not exceed more than 1% by volume of the fuel.
By the straight run fractional distillation of hydrocarbon feedstocks containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Fractional distillation, refining and chemical processing of conventional hydrocarbon feedstocks by various methods to produce feedstocks or hydrocarbon fractions containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons.
By mixing and blending products from any of the above processes.
f
The above steps can be used in a similar manner to provide a fuel which also contains not more than 0.05% of total sulphur and substantially no petroleum waxes, if desired.
One of the most convenient commercial methods for producing fuel of the present invention involves the processing of a refinery feedstock whereby the aromatic species are either extracted (i.e. removed) or are converted to naphthenes (e.g. by hydrogenation) , the refinery feedstock being brought within the boiling range parameters by fractional distillation before or after treatment of the aromatic species. Similar factors apply if removing the sulphur or petroleum waxes.
It is preferred to produce a fuel or fuels of the present invention which conform to the specification shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
PROPERTY UNIT LIMITS TEST METHOD
Ash % (by mass) 0.01 (max) ASTM D482-IP4
Carbon Residue % (by mass) 0.05 (max) or ASTM D524-IP14 (on 10% residuum) 0.04 (max) ASTM D189-IP13
Cetane Index (calculated) 45 (min) ASTM D976
Cloud Point -10 (max) ASTM D2500-IP219
Cold Filter Plugging Point -10 (max) IP309
ASTM D130-IP154
ASTM D86-IP123 ASTM D86-IP123
ASTM D93-IP34
ASTM D2274
PROPERTY UNIT LIMITS TEST METHOD Sulphur % (by mass) 0.05 (max) ASTM D129-IP61? or ASTM D2622; or ASTM D2785; or IP336
Water % (by vol) 0.05 (max) ASTM D95-IP74 Sediment % (by mass) 0.01 (max) ASTM D473-IP53
OR
Water & Sediment % (by vol.) 0.05 (max) ASTM D1796-IP75 ASTM D2709
Viscosity Kinematic @ 40°C mm2/s 1.4 to 4.0 ASTM D445-IP71
Aromatic % (by vol.) 1.0 (max) ASTM D1319 Hydrocarbons (F.I.A.); or F.T.I.R. compared to toluene
Distillation Range (I.B.P.) 180 (min) ASTM D86-IP123 (F.B.P.) 350 (max) ASTM D86-IP123
Recovery by % (by vol) 98 (min) ASTM D86-IP123 Distillation
Note: "ASTM" is the American Society for Testing and Materials "IP" is the Institute of Petroleum (U.K.)
MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
We now further describe the invention with reference to certain examples, which are non-limiting on the scope of the invention. The Examples 1, 2 and 3 of the invention as described below are covered by the above specification and would exhibit the typical characteristics as shown in Table 2.
Example 1.
The fuel in this Example is derived from highly refined and chemically treated paraffinic hydrocarbon feedstock to produce a predominantly paraffinic hydrocarbon mixture containing low concentrations of naphthenic hydrocarbons and not more than 1% by volume concentration of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
Example 2 .
The fuel in this Example is derived from highly refined and chemically treated feedstocks to produce a predominantly paraffinic/naphthenic hydrocarbon mixture containing not more than 1% by volume concentration of aromatic type hydrocarbons.
Example 3.
This fuel is a mixture of Examples 1 and 2.
TABLE 2
PROPERTY EXAMPLE NUMBER 1 2
Density @ 15*C (ASTM D1298) 0.772 0.792 0.782
Distillation ( *C) (ASTM D86)
Initial Boiling Point
10% Recovery
20% Recovery
30% Recovery
40% Recovery
50% Recovery
60% Recovery
70% Recovery
80% Recovery
90% Recovery
Final Boiling Point
Recovery by Distillation 98 98 98 (% Volume) (ASTM D86)
Flashpoint ( °C) (ASTM D93)
Ash Content (% m/m) . (ASTM D482)
Carbon Residue (on 10% Residuum) (ASTM D524)
Cetane Index (Calculated)
(ASTM D976)
Cloud Point (*C) (ASTM D2500) -12 -15 -13
Cold Filter Plugging Point (*C) (IP309) <-15 <-18 <-16
Copper Corrosion (3h at 100βC) 1A 1A 1A (ASTM D130)
SUBSTITUTE SHEET
TABLE 2 (continued)
PROPERTY
Oxidation Stability (mg/lOOml)
(ASTM D2274)
Sulphur p.p.m. (I.C.P.)
Water & Sediment (% volume)
(ASTM D1796)
Kinematic Viscosity § 40°C 1.6 1.5 1.6 (mm2/s) (ASTM D445)
Hydrocarbon Type Analysis (% vol) (Infra-Red)
Petroleum waxes content none* none* none*
Aromatic Hydrocarbons Naphthenic Hydrocarbons Paraffinic Hydrocarbons
*Note: The petroleum waxes content was determined as being undetectable by consideration of cold filter plugging point and the cloud point.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The invention is of use in connection with the petroleum industry, for producing fuels for diesel engines, and for operating diesel engines in various industries, such as mining, construction and transport.
Claims
The Claims :
1. A fuel for use in diesel engines characterized by containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons.
2. The fuel of claim 1 which is further characterized by containing not more than 0.05% by weight of sulphur and/or sulphur compounds.
3. The fuel of claim 1 which is further characterized by containing substantially no petroleum waxes.
4. A fuel for use in diesel engines having the specification shown in Table 1.
5. A method of producing a fuel for use in diesel engines which contains not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, by
(a) refining and/or re-refining and chemical processing of conventional fuel to remove or convert the aromatic hydrocarbons present until said hydrocarbons are not more than 1% of said fuel, or
(b) straight-run fractional distillation of hydrocarbon feedstock to produce said fuel, said feedstock containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, or
(c) fractional distillation and/or refining, and chemical processing of conventional hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce a feedstock containing not more than 1% of aromatic hydrocarbons, and then straight-run fractional distillation of said hydrocarbon feedstock to produce said fuel, or
(d) mixing or blending the products from (a), (b) , and/or (c) .
SU I
6. The method of producing a fuel of claim 5, which has an additional step of removing sulphur and/or sulphur compounds until not more than 0.05% by weight of said sulphur and/or sulphur compounds remain.
7. The method of producing a fuel of claim 5, which has an additional step of removing petroleum waxes until substantially none of said waxes remain.
8. A method of reducing unwanted emissions when operating diesel engines, which comprises using a fuel in said engines in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 4.
AMENDED CLAIMS
[received by the International Bureau on 28 July 1992(28.07.92); original claims 1 and 2 replaced by amended claim 1; original claims 5 and replaced by amended claim 4; claims 3,4,7 and 8 unchanged but renumbered as claims 2,3,5 and 6 (2 pages)]
1. A fuel for use in diesel engines characterized by containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, and not more than 0.05% by weight of sulphur and/or sulphur compounds.
2. The fuel of claim 1 which is further characterized by containing substantially no petroleum waxes.
3. A fuel for use in diesel engines having the specification shown in Table 1.
4. A method of producing a fuel for use in diesel engines which contains not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, and not more than 0.05% by weight of sulphur and/or sulphur compounds, by
(a) refining and/or re-refining and chemical processing of conventional fuel to remove or convert the aromatic hydrocarbons present until said hydrocarbons are not more than 1% of said fuel, or
(b) straight-run fractional distillation of hydrocarbon feedstock to produce said fuel, said feedstock containing not more than 1% by volume of aromatic hydrocarbons, or
(c) fractional distillation and/or refining, and chemical processing of conventional hydrocarbon feedstocks to produce a feedstock containing not more than 1% of aromatic hydrocarbons, and then straight-run fractional distillation of said hydrocarbon feedstock to produce said fuel, or
(d) mixing or blending the products from (a), (b),
and removing sulphur and/or sulphur compounds until not more than 0.05% by weight of said sulphur and/or sulphur compounds remain.
5. The method of producing a fuel of claim 4, which has an additional step of removing petroleum waxes until substantially none of said waxes remain.
6. A method of reducing unwanted emissions when operating diesel engines, which comprises using a fuel in said engines in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 3.
SΓΓATEMEISΓT UNDER ARTICLE 19
Original claims 1 and 2 have been combined, in order to limit the invention subject matter which is novel in light of the international search report.
Original claims 5 and 6 have also been combined for the same reason.
The remaining claims have merely been renumbered.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPK480591 | 1991-02-26 | ||
| AU4805/91 | 1991-02-26 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0573496A1 EP0573496A1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| EP0573496A4 true EP0573496A4 (en) | 1994-03-23 |
Family
ID=3775245
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92905500A Withdrawn EP0573496A1 (en) | 1991-02-26 | 1992-02-26 | Low aromatic diesel fuel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0573496A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2104965A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992014804A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB9504222D0 (en) * | 1995-03-02 | 1995-04-19 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Fuel oil compositions |
| US5689031A (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1997-11-18 | Exxon Research & Engineering Company | Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production |
| US6296757B1 (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 2001-10-02 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its production |
| US5807413A (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 1998-09-15 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Synthetic diesel fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions |
| US20030010675A1 (en) * | 1997-11-07 | 2003-01-16 | Tadao Ogawa | Light oil for reduced particulate emission |
| WO2000020534A1 (en) | 1998-10-05 | 2000-04-13 | Sasol Technology (Pty.) Ltd. | Biodegradable middle distillates and production thereof |
| CA2350408C (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2010-05-04 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Diesel fuel |
| AU5528001A (en) * | 2000-05-02 | 2001-11-12 | Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co | Wide cut fischer-tropsch diesel fuels |
| US7208078B2 (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2007-04-24 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Diesel fuel formulation for reduced emissions |
| CN1659258B (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2011-10-12 | 萨索尔技术(控股)有限公司 | Synthetic fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions and a method of operating a compression ignition engine using said fuel in conjunction with oxidation catalysts |
| CN101050392B (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2012-07-11 | 萨索尔技术(控股)有限公司 | Synthetic fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions and a method of operating a compression ignition engine using said fuel in conjunction with oxidation catalysts |
| GB0226726D0 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2002-12-24 | Bp Oil Int | Method |
| SE522918E (en) * | 2003-02-27 | 2012-11-06 | Eco Par Ab | A new alternative fuel for low-emission diesel engines with high energy density |
| US7540889B2 (en) | 2006-07-11 | 2009-06-02 | Bluekey Energy Inc. | Production of a refinery feedstock from soaps produced during a chemical pulping process |
| US20080155887A1 (en) * | 2006-10-05 | 2008-07-03 | Clark Richard Hugh | Fuel consuming system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2366490A (en) * | 1942-02-18 | 1945-01-02 | Standard Catalytic Co | Production of diesel fuels |
| GB1242889A (en) * | 1968-11-07 | 1971-08-18 | British Petroleum Co | Improvements relating to the hydrocatalytic treatment of hydrocarbons |
| US3668112A (en) * | 1968-12-06 | 1972-06-06 | Texaco Inc | Hydrodesulfurization process |
| DE2113987A1 (en) * | 1970-04-01 | 1972-03-09 | Rafinaria Ploiesti | Process for refining petroleum fractions |
| CA2046179A1 (en) * | 1990-07-16 | 1992-01-17 | Lawrence Joseph Cunningham | Fuel compositions with enhanced combustion characteristics |
-
1992
- 1992-02-26 WO PCT/AU1992/000083 patent/WO1992014804A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-02-26 EP EP92905500A patent/EP0573496A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-02-26 CA CA 2104965 patent/CA2104965A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| No further relevant documents disclosed * |
| See also references of WO9214804A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1992014804A1 (en) | 1992-09-03 |
| EP0573496A1 (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| CA2104965A1 (en) | 1992-08-27 |
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