CN101050392B - Synthetic fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions and a method of operating a compression ignition engine using said fuel in conjunction with oxidation catalysts - Google Patents
Synthetic fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions and a method of operating a compression ignition engine using said fuel in conjunction with oxidation catalysts Download PDFInfo
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- CN101050392B CN101050392B CN2006101531624A CN200610153162A CN101050392B CN 101050392 B CN101050392 B CN 101050392B CN 2006101531624 A CN2006101531624 A CN 2006101531624A CN 200610153162 A CN200610153162 A CN 200610153162A CN 101050392 B CN101050392 B CN 101050392B
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 title description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 39
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
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- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a compression ignition engine fuel derived from a Fischer-Tropsch process, which fuel has a generally increasing iso:n paraffins ratio with increasing paraffin carbon number at least between C9 to C18, less than 0.05% m/m sulphur, and less than 10% by mass aromatics. The fuel may have on average more than 0.9 alkyl branches per paraffinic molecule as measured by H<+> NMR analysis. The invention also provides a method for operating a compression ignition engine to produce low particulates emissions, which method comprises combusting the fuel with oxygen or an oxygen containing gas in the engine. Yet further the invention provides a method of improving the conversion efficiency of oxidation catalysts used in conjunction with compression ignition engines, said method including combusting the fuel in the compression ignition engine in the presence of said oxidation catalysts and in oxygen or an oxygen containing gas.
Description
The application is denomination of invention the dividing an application for the one Chinese patent application 03813208.7 of " reduce granular material discharged synthol and use said fuel and the method for oxide catalyst operating compression ignition engine " on June 6th, 2003 for the applying date.
Invention field
A kind of synthetic pressure combustion motor fuel of the present invention, and the method for the said fuel of manufacturing, and the method for using described fuel and oxide catalyst operating compression ignition engine.
Background of invention
Shown that country and federal administration generally acknowledge the potential impact of fuel to diesel emission, and fuel specification becomes the part of emission control regulations at present.At U.S. and the research carried out in the Europe normally function of fuel sulfur content, aromaticity content and cetane value of particulate emission of drawing a conclusion.Therefore, USEPA has set the diesel oil sulphur content and has been restricted to 0.05wt%, and minimum cetane value is 40, estimates in the future the restriction of sulphur content even stricter.In addition, to have set the aromaticity content peak be 10vol% in the California.In addition, for the vehicle low emission, alternative fuel begins to bring into play more effect.Therefore, explore efficiently, clean-burning fuel, special to have a low particulate emission still underway.
Epidemiology survey proposes the relation between healthy effect and the suspended particulate.These researchs make sickness rate contact with PM for particulate matter and link together.Research is proceeded to confirm biological mechanism in a lot of fields, and soluble thus described contact still only is to infer so far.Confirmed that lung responds for the stimulation of 50nm particle, but when same material be 250nm when being introduced into, not reaction.This causes a kind of suggestion, that is, deleterious healthy effect is relevant with ultrafine particle part, has promoted the interest for the potential healthy effect of particle itself, but not any chemical property of particle.Therefore, the quantity of the nanoparticle of discharging possibly have more importance than the composition of particle.
Usually, when particulate emissions quantity was drawn to logarithmic coordinates, diesel particulate emission had the bimodal pattern size-grade distribution.First pattern is relevant with the particle that accumulation forms, and is to have peak value between 500～50nm in size range.These particles are called ultra-fine grain.Second peak value is between size 50～5nm, and is relevant with the particle that is formed by nucleation.Particle in this size range is commonly referred to nanoparticle.Further, difference particulate (perhaps PM2.5, diameter < 2500nm) and PM10 (diameter 10,000nm).
This accumulation mode particle accounts for the great majority of diesel particulate emission amount, and the particle of maximum is in the nanoparticle size range.
About minuteness particle the worry of healthy effect is let uneasy, the modern oil motor of people through observations, although than old engine emission particle mass concentration still less, in fact than the described old bigger number of particles concentration of engine emission.Most of particles of discharging are the nanoparticle size range, the nucleation that has proposed reason that these particles accelerate and be nanoparticle with increase the existing carbon particles that is existed and suppress in the accumulation mode size range.Therefore, have the old mover of higher granular substance discharging and can show lower nanoparticle amount discharging.Because shown through utilizing combined diesel oil can cause lower granular substance discharging than the diesel oil of conventional crude production, use these fuel possible be that identical mechanism has caused higher number of particles concentration.
Surprisingly, through extensive studies, the applicant has developed a kind of fuel that causes having than the diesel oil that sweet crude oil obtains more nanoparticle discharging quantity composition at present.
Summary of the invention
In this manual, no matter when use this term diesel oil, it is meant and comprises any middle runnings that is used for self-igniton engine (C1 mover).
According to the present invention, compression-ignited (CI) motor spirit of a kind of Fischer-Tropsch of deriving from technology is provided, described fuel has with being at least C usually
9～C
18The alkane carbon number increase and increase different: NPH ratio, less than the sulphur of 0.05%m/m and less than the aromatic hydrocarbons of 10mass%.
Described C1 mover, when the described fuel of burning, the every cm of maximum number weighting size-grade distribution of the granular substance of discharging
3Less than 1 * 108 particle, between 10nm～20nm.
Described different: NPH is than being at least C with carbon number usually
9～C
24The increase of alkane and increasing.
The granular substance of said discharging has such size distribution, wherein with self-igniton engine in the burning diesel oil discharging that derives from crude oil compare, produce nanoparticle still less.
This fuel can comprise main branched-chain hydrocarbon, that is to say, the isoparaffin of >=50 quality %, usually>55 quality %, be more typically >=isoparaffin of 260 quality %.
Isoparaffin and normal paraffin mass ratio can be 1:1～4:1, are generally 3:2～3:1, are generally 2:1.
In one embodiment, this isoparaffin and normal paraffin mass ratio are 21:10.
This fuel possibly be to be mainly C
8～C
24Material.
This fuel possibly be mainly C
9～C
22
This fuel can comprise the C that surpasses 70 quality %
12And heavier component.
The average carbon number of this fuel is between 13～19, is generally about 15.
By H
+-NMR determination and analysis, the every alkane molecule of this fuel have on an average above 0.9 alkyl branches.
The every alkane molecule of this fuel has 1 alkyl branches of surpassing.
This fuel does not have oxygenatedchemicals basically, usually less than 0.1% oxygen.This fuel has the oxygen less than 0.01%, and typically less than 0.005% oxygen.
The cetane value of this fuel is at least 55, is at least 65 usually.The cetane value of this fuel is 74.
The invention further relates to a kind of diesel oil,, compare in the burning simulated condition under with the diesel oil that obtains by sweet crude oil when when in self-igniton engine, burning under the trouble-free burning situation, can reduce above 70%≤quantity of 50nm size range particle.
Described minimizing≤the 30nm scope is bigger.
The characteristic of this fuel such as following table 1 are said:
Table 1: the composition of this combined diesel oil and characteristic
The branching characteristic of this fuel is summarised in the following table 2:
Table 2: the characteristic of low emission diesel oil side chain
According to other aspect of the present invention; Provide a kind of improvement to be used for the efficiency of conversion of self-igniton engine oxide catalyst; Described method is included in described oxide catalyst and oxygen or oxygen-containing gas and exists down, the aforesaid pressure combustion motor fuel of burning in this self-igniton engine.
This method can be included in unloaded and low engine load this self-igniton engine of operation down.
This pressure combustion motor fuel can be synthetic F-T derivatived fuel, and it also is a kind of GTL diesel oil.
According to an other aspect of the present invention; A kind of method of operating compression-ignited (CI) mover that produces low particulate emission is provided; Described method is included in the C1 mover, the aforesaid basically motor spirit of burning in the presence of oxygen or oxygen-containing gas.
Described C1 mover, when the described fuel of burning, the every cm of weighting size-grade distribution of the maximum quantity of pm emission shape thing
3Less than 1 * 108 particle, between 10nm～20nm.
The granular substance of said discharging has such size distribution, wherein with self-igniton engine in the burning diesel oil discharging that derives from crude oil compare, produce nanoparticle still less.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: FT operating procedure
Fig. 2: for described Caterpillar C12 heavy-duty diesel engine, the quantity weighting size-grade distribution of combined diesel oil and low-sulfur diesel-oil
Fig. 3: for VW Tdi car diesel engine, the quantity weighting size-grade distribution of combined diesel oil and low-sulfur diesel-oil
Fig. 4: the integration particulate emissions quantity that different grain size scope particle is relative
Fig. 5: with respect to low-sulfur diesel-oil, the exhaust gas emission of combined diesel oil regulation
Fig. 6: pattern 2,5 and Tokyo of 8 emission test circulation
The description of embodiment of the present invention
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, as non-restrictive example, the present invention is described through only.
The FT operating procedure is illustrated in the accompanying drawing 1.The mixture of synthetic gas (syngas), hydrogen and carbon monoxide gets into this FT reactor drum 1, wherein changes hydrocarbon polymer into through FT technology synthetic gas.
Light FT cut reclaims in pipeline 7, can or possibly not pass through separation column 2 and hydrotreater 3.The product 9 (9a) of hydrotreater separates at separation column 4, perhaps alternatively, mixes with the product 16 of hydroeracking unit 5 and to deliver to shared separation column 6.
The FT cut of wax appearance reclaims and delivers to hydroeracking unit 5 in pipeline 13.If consider fractionation 2, tower bottom distillate 12 also is sent to hydroeracking unit 5 so.Product 16 oneself perhaps is mixed together in the separation column 6 with lighting end 9a individually and separates.
Depend on process program, light product cut petroleum naphtha 19 can obtain from separation column 6, perhaps obtains through 10 and 17 of blend equivalent cut.This is C
5-160 ℃ of cuts are as petroleum naphtha.
From separation column 6, perhaps the cut 11 and 18 through blend equivalent obtains heavy a little cut, i.e. middle runnings, synthetic diesel 20 in the same way.This cut is recovered as 150-370 ℃ of cut and is used for oil motor.
Be recycled to hydroeracking unit 5 so that its conversion from separation column 6 heavy unconverted materials 21.Alternatively, this residue possibly be used to produce the ucon oil base.A spot of C
1～C
4Gas also can separate in separation column 6.
The FT operating procedure of describing among Fig. 1 can combine with many devices.The applicant thinks that these are the synthetic optimized operations of technology known in the art.
Use low emission diesel oil embodiment
The test of using fuel of the present invention to carry out:
Embodiment 1: particulate emissions quantity
For comparing the purpose of particulate emissions quantity and size distribution, through commercially available, the low-sulfur diesel-oil that highway uses that be used for of US EPA approval, as standard fuel.The important characteristic of two test fuels is listed in the table 3.
Table 3: the analysis of test fuel
Use two test engines, the quantity discharged and the size distribution of a heavy-duty diesel engine and a motorcar engine mensuration exhaust gas particles quantity.
This heavy-duty diesel engine is the Caterpiliar of the improved 1998US of meeting emission level
TMMODEL C 12.This mover is one 6 cylinder, 12 liters, turbo charged postcooling oil motor, when 2100 commentaries on classics/min, is rated for 312kW, and peak torque is 2237Nm when 1200 commentaries on classics/min.A 5W-40 has used 40 hours ucon oil, is used in test this mover.
Motorcar engine is 1999 Volkswagen
TMThe TDI oil motor.This mover is one 4 cylinder, 1.9 liters, turbo charged inflation cooling oil motor, is rated for 66kW.The exhaust gas aftertreatment of the oxide catalyst form of this standard is suitable for this test.A kind of 5W-40 ucon oil approximately turned round 125 hours when it begins to test in this mover, was used for the mover of this test.
Test engine is heated up up hill and dale, and under steady state conditions, operates, and measures simultaneously.This heavy-duty engine is provided with test down in four different speed and load, and motorcar engine is provided with test down in five different speed and load.Table 4 is listed in the setting that is used for two engine speeds and load.For each fuel, measure a sets of data every day for three consecutive days, on average this result distributes with the final size that obtains each pattern.For this purpose is described, the distribution of sizes that obtains through average each test mode obtains the single compound size distribution of each mover and fuel then.
Table 4: testing of engine mode
Size-grade distribution in this waste gas is measured through little air mix facilities, the mobile particle sifter (SMPS) of scanning and concentrated alpha counter (CPC).At diameter range is 7～300nm, with 4-minute (2 minutes upwards, 2 minutes downwards) sweep time, and the mobile diameter of the conduction of SMPS measure moving particle, CPC measure moving particle number concentration.This Particle Measuring Systems is made up of neutralizer, mobile part, TSI model3010CPC and computer control and data acquisition system.Described diluted system is described in greater detail in Abdhul-Khalek; I.S., Kittelson, D.B. and Brear, the SAE paper 1999-01-1142 of F.; 1999 " The Influence of dilutionConditions on Diesel Exhaust Particle Size Distribution Measurements "; And Abdhul-Khalek, I.S., Kittelson, D.B. and Brear; The SAE paper 1999-01-1142 of F is among 1999 " the The Influence of dilution Conditions on DieselExhaust Particle Size Distribution Measurements ".
Little dilution tunnel pre-treatment waste gas sample, sample gets into SMPS afterwards.Be used for the configuration of these tests, the dilution temperature of fs remains invariant, tests about 40 ℃ for heavy duty engine, and test is 30 ℃ for motorcar engine.
The air-sprayer exhaust gas dilution system of two design phases is carried out second dilution afterwards to change the residence time in elementary dilution stage.For these tests, in little dilution tunnel, keep the short relatively residence time (0.8 second).Described waste gas gets into and is dipped in the sampling probe in the exhaust flow, passes through the short part of insulation and heated stainless steel tube then so that sample temperature and exhaust temperature equate.The downstream of sample line, the squirt pump with flow orifices can provide fs (elementary) dilution.Described squirt pump is made up of compressed air inlet, sample inlet (position, aperture) and an outlet.Filter and be used to drive this squirt pump at the pressurized air of 276kPa (40psi), described squirt pump is also drawn the waste gas sample flow through this aperture.This air provides elementary dilution with this waste gas sample mix then.This elementary thinning ratio can change between 9:1～12:1.
Design second dilution stage preventing other particle growth, and be provided within the CPC measurement range concentration of final particle quantity in the dilution waste gas sample.The pressurized air of filtration, 207kPa (30psi) is used to drive this squirt pump, and described squirt pump is drawn the waste gas sample flow through the aperture from little dilution tunnel.Second thinning ratio can change between 19:1～22:1.
For heavy-duty engine and motorcar engine, compound, the quantity weighting size-grade distribution of combined diesel oil and standard fuel are shown in Fig. 2 and 3 respectively.Because the particulate emissions quantity of measuring is big with the scope of size, utilize logarithmic axis to draw a diagram.
Can find out that for two movers, the size-grade distribution of this standard fuel has distinguished bimodal pattern size-grade distribution, and has into kernel normal form and accumulation mode.Also visible, for two movers, to compare with reference to diesel oil with low-sulfur, a large amount of particles that the size range of combined diesel oil is lower than about 30nm are significantly few.Because most particulate emissions quantity concentrates on this size range, such result is that combined diesel oil is also significantly lower than total particulate emissions quantity of low-sulfur diesel-oil.These discoveries are summarised among Fig. 4, and it demonstrates the comparison that size range is lower than 30nm, is lower than 50nm and is lower than the integration number of particles of 300nm.Can find out that for two movers, these different size fractionated particulate emissions quantity reduce greater than 65%.
The exhaust gas emission of regulation
Be the purpose that compares with the exhaust gas emission of stipulating, the highway that satisfies USEPA's requirement uses the standard fuel of low-sulfur diesel-oil as this test.The important characteristic of described standard fuel and described combined diesel oil is shown in the table 5.
Table 5: the performance of test fuel
| Character | TP | With reference to low-sulfur diesel-oil | |
| 15 ℃ density (kg/l) | ASTM?D4052 | 0.8457 | 0.7769 |
| Distillation (℃) |
ASTM?D86 | 184214259312342 | 189209256331356 |
| 40 ℃ viscosity (cst) | ASTM?D445 | 2.35 | 2.43 |
| Cetane value | ASTM?D613 | 40.3 | >73.7 |
| Total sulfur (mass%) | ASTM?D4294 | 0.022 | 0.001 |
| Total aromatic hydrocarbons amount (mass%) polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons amount (mass%) | HPLC | 42.789.39? | 0.470.03 |
| Cloud point (℃) | ASTM?D2500 | -18 | -29 |
| CFPP(℃) | IP309 | -21 | -37 |
The oil motor that utilizes table 6 to describe is measured the exhaust gas emission of regulation.This device has carried out improving and calibrating to meet 1991 U.S.'s emission standards.According to the rule (CFR) of Federal regulation, Title40, Part86, the federal TP of the EPA that describes among the Subpart N (FTP) is carried out the instantaneous emission testing of warm start.TP comprises instrumentation and sample system calibration, motor performance detection, gaseous state and particulate emission sampling and measures and instantaneous experimental performance evaluation.The discharge of said mensuration comprises unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM).
Carry out three warm starts test for every kind of fuel, the result who provides represents the MV of described three tests.The instantaneous torque figure that utilizes described synthol to use in obtaining testing, so warranty test is in service obtains similar peak value engine load for two kinds of fuel.
The characteristic of table 6:1988DDC series 60 movers
| Engine construction | Straight- |
| Displacement | 12.7 liter (130mm internal diameter, 160mm stroke) |
| Air-breathing | Turbo-charging, intercooling |
| Rated output | At 1800rev/min261kW |
| Specified torque | At 1200rev/min1830Nm |
| Fuel injection | Direct injection, the controller for electric consumption oil nozzle |
| Instantaneous loop limit | Inlet: 4.0kPa venting port: 9.5kPa |
| Low unloaded speed | 600rev/min |
The numerical result of described emission test is listed in table 7, and the comparison diagram of described 2 kinds of test fuels is shown among Fig. 5.
Table 7: transient heat starts the result of the dirty beam test of exhaust
Can find out that with respect to low-sulfur diesel-oil, described combined diesel oil produces significantly lower discharge.
Embodiment 2: the oxide catalyst PT
Carry out Japanese low-sulfur diesel-oil, GTL diesel oil and the of the present invention synthetic compression-ignited fuel of different exhaust gas emission tests relatively to derive from crude oil.This test concentrates on hydrocarbon polymer (HC) discharging, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and the particulate matter (PM) and the carbonic acid gas (CO of regulation
2).Described emission test is carried out on Japanese heavy-duty vehicle, and the situation that oxide catalyst is installed or is not installed at the auto exhaust mouth makes an experiment as follows.
The type of the emission test of carrying out is the special test circulation of the Tokyo testing campaign and the traffic jam pattern that representative runs in the environment of inner city, Tokyo of the 13 pattern steady state tests circulation of heavy-duty engine Japan, pattern 2,5 and 8.
Be used to this performance of testing said combined diesel oil and be typically to produce, have very high cetane value (> 70 through low temperature F-T method), extremely low sulphur (< 1ppm) and extremely low aromaticity content (< 1%).In addition, the GTL oil motor that is used for this research has good naturally cooling flowing property (CFPP < 20 ℃) equally.The sulphur content of the reference diesel oil that uses as 29ppm, aromaticity content be 21% and cetane value be 57.5.The performance of test fuel is shown in the table 8.
Table 8: the physical properties of test fuel
The details of test vehicle is listed in the table 9, lists in table 10 for the detailed emission test cycle of 13 model tests, is illustrated among Fig. 6 for the Tokyo testing campaign of pattern 2,5 and 8.
Table 9: heavy-duty test vehicle
Table 10: the Japanese 13-pattern stable state emission test circulation of heavy-duty engine
| Pattern | Speed (rated speed %) | Load (rated load %) | |
| 1 | Unloaded | - | 0.205 |
| 2 | 40 | 20 | 0.037 |
| 3 | 40 | 40 | 0.027 |
| 4 | Unloaded | - | 0.205 |
| 5 | 60 | 20 | 0.029 |
| 6 | 60 | 40 | 0.064 |
| 7 | 80 | 40 | 0.041 |
| 8 | 80 | 60 | 0.032 |
| 9 | 60 | 60 | 0.077 |
| 10 | 60 | 80 | 0.055 |
| 11 | 60 | 95 | 0.049 |
| 12 | 80 | 80 | 0.037 |
| 13 | 60 | 5 | 0.142 |
In test during the course, described waste gas, is providing under 25 ℃ of temperature and under 50% relative humidity with the dilution that purifies air at dilution tunnel.Described flue gas measurement system (HoribaVETS-9000) comprises exhaust-gas analyzer (Horiba MEXA-9400F), CVS (CVS-120T) and small volume sampler (LVS).The glass fibre filter of 70mm diameter (Pallflex TX40HI20-WW) is used for the PM sampling of LVS.
The result of each emission test lists in the table 11,12,13 and 14.Can find out that when comparing with described Japanese low-sulfur diesel-oil, (HC, CO, NOx and PM) is lower for the discharge of all regulations of GTL diesel oil usually.Equally, each table has shown the described apparent conversion efficient that is installed in the oxide catalyst of auto exhaust mouth.This is defined as is having and that the situation of described catalyzer is not installed is following, and the emission level of mensuration poor is expressed as the percentage ratio of the emission level that described catalyzer is not installed.Described oxide catalyst mainly is suitable for reducing HC, CO and PM discharge, does not therefore point out the efficiency of conversion of NOx.
Can find out that HC that GTL diesel oil is measured and the efficiency of conversion of CO are higher than low-sulfur diesel mensuration.For the Tokyo testing campaign of pattern 8, the efficiency of conversion of the PM of GTL fuel is lower, but higher for other test.The average efficiency of conversion of all tests is shown in the table 15, wherein can find out, the efficiency of conversion of the HC of GTL diesel oil, CO and PM is higher by 29 respectively than Japanese low-sulfur diesel, 27 and 3%.
Table 11:13-pattern heavy-duty test round-robin result
Table 12: the result of Tokyo testing campaign pattern 2
Table 13: the result of Tokyo testing campaign pattern 5
Table 14: the result of Tokyo testing campaign pattern 8
The average oxide catalyst efficiency of conversion of table 15:CO, HC and PM
Below be initialism and the abb. that is used for the above embodiment:
CHN: carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
CO: carbon monoxide
CO
2: carbonic acid gas
CVS: CVS
DI: directly inject
DPF: diesel particulate filter
EGR: exhaust gas recirculation
The boiling point that FBP is final
GTL: gas is to liquid
HC: unburned hydrocarbons
H/C hydrogen/carbon ratio
HPLC: HPLC
IBP: initial boiling point
IC: intercooled
LVS: lower volume sampler
NOC：Nippon?Oil?Corporation
NOX: oxynitride
PM: particulate matter
Ppm: per 1,000,000 parts
SOF: solvable organic fraction
SPD: slurry phase gold-plating fluid
TC: turbo-charging
THC: total unburned hydrocarbons
Not them as prior art, following paper is introduced the present invention as a reference, just duplicates their whole seriatim like the present invention, to help to understand the present invention and described example:
1.Abdul-Khalek，I.，et?al，″Diesel?Exhaust?Particle?Size：Measurement?Issues?and?Trends″.SAE?Paper980525，Society?ofAutomotive?Engineers，1998.
2.Schaberg，P.W.，et?al，″Diesel?Exhaust?Emissions?Using?SasolSlurry?Phase?Distillate?Process?Fuels″.SAE?Paper972898，Society?ofAutomotive?Engineers，1997.
3.Khalek，I.，Kittelson，D.B.，and?Brear，F.，″Nanoparticle?Growthduring?Dilution?and?Cooling?of?Diesel?Exhaust：Experimental?Investigation?and?Theoretical?Assessment″.SAE?Paper2000-01-0515，2000.
4.Abdhul-Khalek，I.S.，Kittelson，D.B.，and?Brear，F.，″The?Influenceof?Dilution?Conditi?on?Son?Diesel?Exhaust?Particle?Size?DistributionMeasurements″.SAE?Paper1999-01-1142，1999.
5.Abdhul-Khalek，I.S.，Kittelson，D.B.，and?Brear，F.，″The?Influenceof?Dilution?Conditions?on?Diesel?Exhaust?Particle?Size?DistributionMeasurements″.SAE?Paper1999-01-1142，1999.
6.Schaberg，P.W.，Myburgh，I.S.，Botha，J.J.，Roets，P.N.J.，Voljoen，C.L.，Dancuart，L.P.，and?Starr，M.E.，″Diesel?Exhaust?Emissions?UsingSasol?Slurry?Phase?Distillate?Process?Fuels″.SAE?Paper972898，1997.
Claims (11)
1. compression-ignited (CI) motor spirit that derives from F-T technology is characterised in that described fuel has with C at least usually
9～C
24Increasing progressively of alkane carbon number and increase progressively different: NPH than, less than the sulphur of 0.05%m/m and less than the aromatic hydrocarbons of 10 quality %, described fuel is by H
+Every alkane molecule of-NMR assay determination on average has greater than 0.9 alkyl branches.
2. pressure combustion motor fuel as claimed in claim 1, the every alkane molecule of wherein said fuel has greater than 1 alkyl branches.
3. pressure combustion motor fuel as claimed in claim 1, described fuel comprise >=isoparaffin of 50 quality %.
4. pressure combustion motor fuel as claimed in claim 1, wherein isoparaffin and normal paraffin mass ratio are 1: 1～4: 1.
5. pressure combustion motor fuel as claimed in claim 4, wherein isoparaffin and normal paraffin mass ratio are 21: 10.
6. pressure combustion motor fuel as claimed in claim 1, that wherein said fuel is main is C
8～C
24Material.
7. pressure combustion motor fuel as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuel comprise the C that surpasses 70 quality %
12With heavy component.
8. pressure combustion motor fuel as claimed in claim 7, the average carbon number of wherein said fuel are 13～19.
9. pressure combustion motor fuel as claimed in claim 8, the average carbon number of wherein said fuel are about 15.
10. like the described pressure combustion motor fuel of aforementioned arbitrary claim, wherein said fuel does not have oxygenatedchemicals basically, has the oxygen less than 0.1%.
11. pressure combustion motor fuel as claimed in claim 1, the cetane value of wherein said fuel is at least 55.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA2002/4572 | 2002-06-07 | ||
| ZA200204572 | 2002-06-07 | ||
| ZA200302855 | 2003-04-11 | ||
| ZA2003/2855 | 2003-04-11 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN038132087A Division CN1659258B (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-06-06 | Synthetic fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions and a method of operating a compression ignition engine using said fuel in conjunction with oxidation catalysts |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101050392A CN101050392A (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| CN101050392B true CN101050392B (en) | 2012-07-11 |
Family
ID=38781994
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006101531624A Expired - Lifetime CN101050392B (en) | 2002-06-07 | 2003-06-06 | Synthetic fuel with reduced particulate matter emissions and a method of operating a compression ignition engine using said fuel in conjunction with oxidation catalysts |
Country Status (2)
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| ZA (1) | ZA200500111B (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992014804A1 (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1992-09-03 | Century Oils Australia Pty Limited | Low aromatic diesel fuel |
| CN1197476A (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1998-10-28 | 埃克森研究工程公司 | Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its prodn. |
| WO2000020534A1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2000-04-13 | Sasol Technology (Pty.) Ltd. | Biodegradable middle distillates and production thereof |
-
2003
- 2003-06-06 CN CN2006101531624A patent/CN101050392B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-01-06 ZA ZA200500111A patent/ZA200500111B/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1992014804A1 (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1992-09-03 | Century Oils Australia Pty Limited | Low aromatic diesel fuel |
| CN1197476A (en) * | 1995-10-17 | 1998-10-28 | 埃克森研究工程公司 | Synthetic diesel fuel and process for its prodn. |
| WO2000020534A1 (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2000-04-13 | Sasol Technology (Pty.) Ltd. | Biodegradable middle distillates and production thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ZA200500111B (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| CN101050392A (en) | 2007-10-10 |
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