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EP0432121B1 - Method for producing reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, reinforcement and a strut member incorporated therein - Google Patents

Method for producing reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, reinforcement and a strut member incorporated therein Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0432121B1
EP0432121B1 EP90850388A EP90850388A EP0432121B1 EP 0432121 B1 EP0432121 B1 EP 0432121B1 EP 90850388 A EP90850388 A EP 90850388A EP 90850388 A EP90850388 A EP 90850388A EP 0432121 B1 EP0432121 B1 EP 0432121B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coil
reinforcing bars
reinforcement
concrete
bars
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90850388A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0432121A1 (en
Inventor
Gunnar Berntsson
Bengt-Olov Bäck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PALGRUPPEN GEOMEKAN AB
Original Assignee
PALGRUPPEN GEOMEKAN AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PALGRUPPEN GEOMEKAN AB filed Critical PALGRUPPEN GEOMEKAN AB
Priority to AT90850388T priority Critical patent/ATE96193T1/en
Publication of EP0432121A1 publication Critical patent/EP0432121A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0432121B1 publication Critical patent/EP0432121B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E04C5/162—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements
    • E04C5/163—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements the reinforcements running in one single direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F27/00—Making wire network, i.e. wire nets
    • B21F27/12—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor
    • B21F27/121—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor of tubular form, e.g. as reinforcements for pipes or pillars
    • B21F27/122—Making special types or portions of network by methods or means specially adapted therefor of tubular form, e.g. as reinforcements for pipes or pillars by attaching a continuous stirrup to longitudinal wires
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/06—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders
    • E04C5/0604—Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods
    • E04C5/0618—Closed cages with spiral- or coil-shaped stirrup rod

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for production of reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, according to the preamble of claim 1, reinforcement for concrete members according to the preamble of claim 5 and a strut member intended for such reinforcement according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • piles play an important role in connection with ground strengthening.
  • the piles normally comprise an inner reinforcement of steel and a concrete body cast around the reinforcement, in most cases with some form of end strengthening.
  • a known technique for producing such piles comprises elongating a steel wire in the form of a compact coil to an extented coil, placing the elongated coil on a height-adjustable support and, by means of a feeding device, inserting reinforcing iron bars into the extended coil on the support.
  • the support is height-adjustable and in a first phase two reinforcing bars or two groups of such bars are fed in and placed mutually spaced apart in the horizontal plane. Thereafter these bars are affixed to the elongated steel wire coil by means of a binding operation which can comprise binding at mutually spaced locations, for example in the order of one meter apart.
  • This attachment can be seen as maintaining the bars by means of binding wires in which the bars quite simply hang.
  • the binding is a totally manual operation which requires great speed and which, because of its monotony, becomes extremely tiring in the long run.
  • a method of producing reinforcement for concrete members is known from FR-E-19 585 in which reinforcing bars are initially affixed to the interior of an outer coil before a second coil is introduced within the extended coil which, when relaxed, holds the reinforcing bars against the outer coil.
  • GB-A-21,851 discloses a reinforced construction in which reinforcing rods are held in spaced relationship by means of specially formed wire ties. Struts may be used to assist the action of the ties in stiffening the reinforcing rods.
  • FR-A-2 146 170 discloses a distance element in the form of a cross which is used to maintain reinforcing. rods in spaced relationship.
  • the invention accordingly provides a method for producing reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, having the features of claim 1.
  • the invention also provides reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, having the features of claim 5.
  • the invention also provides a strut member intended for reinforcement and having the features of claim 7.
  • the invention relates also to a concrete member, preferably a concrete pile, provided with the said reinforcement.
  • Figure reference numeral 10 in Fig. 1 refers to a wound steel wire compact coil and figure reference numeral 10' refers to the same steel wire but elongated to an extended coil 10'.
  • This coil 10' can have a length of for example several meters, say four to eight meters, and is placed on height-adjustable supports 11,12 and 13. Holders 14,15 and 16 on these supports fix the coil 10' in its extended condition and thus counteract the spring force therein.
  • FIGS. 17,18 and 19 indicate that respective supports are height-adjustable.
  • a first vertical position of the supports a first set of reinforcing bars 20 is fed in between a pair of rollers 21,22 of which one is a driven roller.
  • Individual reinforcing bars 20 or a plurality thereof, for example two, are laid in the first vertical position such that they extend along the whole coil 10' and have a certain mutual spacing in the horizontal plane.
  • the supports 11,12 and 13 are lowered a little, sufficiently for the subsequent batch of reinforcing bars 20 to be able to be positioned, so that they are placed with mutual spacing in the horizontal plane at a level substantially in contact with the inside of the coil 10'.
  • the reinforcing bars With the reinforcing bars and the supports in this position, the reinforcing bars are temporarily fixed in their positions by means of spacing members of the type shown in Fig. 5.
  • the spacing members can be placed not only diagonally, but also along the sides of the imaginary rectangle.
  • Fig. 4 shows four reinforcing bars 20 placed so that the four-sided cross-section 23 shown with dashed lines is formed.
  • the broken lines 24,25 indicate that a section of the elongated coil 10' somewhere between its ends is being considered, which ends, as mentioned earlier, are temporarily fixed by means of spacing members of the type shown in Fig. 5, or shorter such members placed along the sides of the imaginary rectangle.
  • spacing members of the type shown in Fig. 5, or shorter such members placed along the sides of the imaginary rectangle.
  • the tensioning- or strut members 26 are shown in the form of elongated struts with a notch 27 symmetrically located relative to the strut in the one end and a notch 28 turned through 90° with respect to the notch 27.
  • the notch 27 is placed over its corresponding reinforcing bar and, by means of for example a rubber mallet, the notch 28 is banged into place on its reinforcing bar 20.
  • strut or tensioning member is introduced at a suitable spacing from the former, for example in the order of one meter.
  • the latter strut 26 is oriented so that it is in a different diagonal direction in relation to the first strut.
  • the struts 26 are used as means for pressing the reinforcing bars outwards against the inside of the coil, a robust and easily reproducable arrangement for effecting stability of the pile reinforcement is provided, at the same time that this is achieved with a number of simple manual operations.
  • the need for the binding wires along with their unpredictable retaining ability is accordingly avoided and there is further no need for any welding with the troublesome weld fumes emitted therefrom.
  • Fig. 6 it is shown how three reinforcing bars 20 in cross-section are located by means of another type of tensioning-strut arrangement 26.
  • a tensioning-strut arrangement 26b is given in Fig. 7 which cooperates with all four sets of reinforcing bars 20.
  • Fig. 8 shows another type of four-cornered supporting tensioning- or strut arrangement in the form of a four-sided frame.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing reinforcement intended for concrete members, preferably concrete piles. Through internal means acting as strut members or compression members in the form of diagonally, or otherwise, acting struts, the longitudinally extending reinforcing bars 20 within an elongated coil are brought into place against the inside of the coil with a predetermined force, thereby stabilizing the coil. The struts can be arranged as diagonally acting elements in a reinforcement having four bars forming a square seen in cross-section or the struts can contact all or certain of the reinforcing bars, but preferably in such a way that the struts mutual orientation is changed as the supporting operation proceeds along the elongated coil. <IMAGE>

Description

  • The present invention relates to a method for production of reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, according to the preamble of claim 1, reinforcement for concrete members according to the preamble of claim 5 and a strut member intended for such reinforcement according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • As is known, concrete piles play an important role in connection with ground strengthening. The piles normally comprise an inner reinforcement of steel and a concrete body cast around the reinforcement, in most cases with some form of end strengthening.
  • A known technique for producing such piles comprises elongating a steel wire in the form of a compact coil to an extented coil, placing the elongated coil on a height-adjustable support and, by means of a feeding device, inserting reinforcing iron bars into the extended coil on the support.
  • Usually the support is height-adjustable and in a first phase two reinforcing bars or two groups of such bars are fed in and placed mutually spaced apart in the horizontal plane. Thereafter these bars are affixed to the elongated steel wire coil by means of a binding operation which can comprise binding at mutually spaced locations, for example in the order of one meter apart.
  • This attachment can be seen as maintaining the bars by means of binding wires in which the bars quite simply hang.
  • When the placement in a first horizontal plane has been completed, the support is raised and a corresponding feeding and affixing is made in the upper part of the loop-shaped steel wire.
  • The result of this attachment is a reinforcement which is not fully stable, i.e. the attachment between the bars and the coil is not always perhaps that which is desired. An improvement in quality of this fastening is thus desirable.
  • Furthermore, the binding is a totally manual operation which requires great speed and which, because of its monotony, becomes extremely tiring in the long run.
  • Since in recent times ever quicker casting machines have been produced which more or less fully automatically deal with one or several finished reinforcements, the pressure becomes intense on the workers who are to carry out the boring monotonous binding work at the rate which the casting machine requires.
  • A different type of locating means for reinforcing bars is described in US-A-1556178. In this document two strips of wire having U-shaped loops at uniform intervals therealong are placed around a spiral reinforcement. Reinforcing bars are then inserted one at a time, which bars pass through the aligned openings formed by the loops. Whilst this method is more effective than the previously described binding operation, much time is taken up affixing the strips of wire to the coil and, in addition, great accuracy is required to feed the bars through the loops. Since the bars have to pass through the loops, the bars cannot be held firmly against the coil. As such, stability of the reinforcement is still not optimal.
  • A method of producing reinforcement for concrete members is known from FR-E-19 585 in which reinforcing bars are initially affixed to the interior of an outer coil before a second coil is introduced within the extended coil which, when relaxed, holds the reinforcing bars against the outer coil. GB-A-21,851 discloses a reinforced construction in which reinforcing rods are held in spaced relationship by means of specially formed wire ties. Struts may be used to assist the action of the ties in stiffening the reinforcing rods. FR-A-2 146 170 discloses a distance element in the form of a cross which is used to maintain reinforcing. rods in spaced relationship.
  • It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a solution not only to the stability problem of reinforcing bars, i.e. their quality as reinforcement in piles, but also, on the one hand, the problem of the tiresome, monotonous manual binding and, on the other hand, the need for great accuracy during manufacturing. Since the problem is the same in connection with, for example reinforced concrete beams and other weight-bearing building members, the invention relates to concrete members in general, even though concrete piles are presently of most interest.
  • The invention accordingly provides a method for producing reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, having the features of claim 1.
  • The invention also provides reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, having the features of claim 5.
  • The invention also provides a strut member intended for reinforcement and having the features of claim 7.
  • Naturally the invention relates also to a concrete member, preferably a concrete pile, provided with the said reinforcement.
  • Preferred embodiments of said method and reinforcement are detailed in the respective dependent claims.
  • Embodiments of the invention will now be exemplified with reference to the attached drawings, in which
    • Fig. 1
    schematically shows a steel wire coil in its initial condition intended to form the coil in a pile reinforcement,
    Fig. 2
    schematically shows a steel wire elongated to an extended coil lying on height-adjustable stands,
    Fig. 3
    schematically shows the arrangement of Fig. 2 together with feed rollers for reinforcing bars,
    Fig. 4
    is a schematic partial view showing a four-sided reinforcement in cross-section intended for concrete piles,
    Fig. 5
    is a side-view throught the reinforcement showing a first type of tensioning- or strut member,
    Fig. 6
    schematically shows a second type of tensioning- or strut member,
    Fig. 7
    shows another type of tensioning- or strut member, and
    Fig. 8
    finally shows yet another type of tensioning- or strut member.
  • Figure reference numeral 10 in Fig. 1 refers to a wound steel wire compact coil and figure reference numeral 10' refers to the same steel wire but elongated to an extended coil 10'.
  • This coil 10' can have a length of for example several meters, say four to eight meters, and is placed on height- adjustable supports 11,12 and 13. Holders 14,15 and 16 on these supports fix the coil 10' in its extended condition and thus counteract the spring force therein.
  • Arrows 17,18 and 19 indicate that respective supports are height-adjustable. In a first vertical position of the supports a first set of reinforcing bars 20 is fed in between a pair of rollers 21,22 of which one is a driven roller. Individual reinforcing bars 20 or a plurality thereof, for example two, are laid in the first vertical position such that they extend along the whole coil 10' and have a certain mutual spacing in the horizontal plane. Thereafter the supports 11,12 and 13 are lowered a little, sufficiently for the subsequent batch of reinforcing bars 20 to be able to be positioned, so that they are placed with mutual spacing in the horizontal plane at a level substantially in contact with the inside of the coil 10'.
  • With the reinforcing bars and the supports in this position, the reinforcing bars are temporarily fixed in their positions by means of spacing members of the type shown in Fig. 5. The spacing members can be placed not only diagonally, but also along the sides of the imaginary rectangle.
  • After this preliminary fixation of the introduced bars has taken place, the arrangement of bars and elongated coil is ready to be fastened together.
    Fig. 4 shows four reinforcing bars 20 placed so that the four-sided cross-section 23 shown with dashed lines is formed. The broken lines 24,25 indicate that a section of the elongated coil 10' somewhere between its ends is being considered, which ends, as mentioned earlier, are temporarily fixed by means of spacing members of the type shown in Fig. 5, or shorter such members placed along the sides of the imaginary rectangle. In Fig. 5 the tensioning- or strut members 26 are shown in the form of elongated struts with a notch 27 symmetrically located relative to the strut in the one end and a notch 28 turned through 90° with respect to the notch 27. Thus, the notch 27 is placed over its corresponding reinforcing bar and, by means of for example a rubber mallet, the notch 28 is banged into place on its reinforcing bar 20.
  • Thereafter a further strut or tensioning member is introduced at a suitable spacing from the former, for example in the order of one meter. The latter strut 26 is oriented so that it is in a different diagonal direction in relation to the first strut.
  • Since the struts 26 are used as means for pressing the reinforcing bars outwards against the inside of the coil, a robust and easily reproducable arrangement for effecting stability of the pile reinforcement is provided, at the same time that this is achieved with a number of simple manual operations. The need for the binding wires along with their unpredictable retaining ability is accordingly avoided and there is further no need for any welding with the troublesome weld fumes emitted therefrom.
  • In Fig. 6 it is shown how three reinforcing bars 20 in cross-section are located by means of another type of tensioning-strut arrangement 26.
  • A tensioning-strut arrangement 26b is given in Fig. 7 which cooperates with all four sets of reinforcing bars 20. In the embodiment in Fig. 7 there are two reinforcing bars in each group of corner-located bars.
  • Fig. 8 shows another type of four-cornered supporting tensioning- or strut arrangement in the form of a four-sided frame.
  • Naturally, further embodiments of support or strut members are possible within the scope of the invention which is solely restricted by that given in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

  1. Method for producing reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, in which steel wire (10) is formed into an extended coil (10') and reinforcing bars (20) are placed within the coil (10') and in which means (26;26a;26b; 26c) are arranged to hold the coil and the reinforcing bars together, characterized in that the coil (10') and the reinforcing bars (20) are brought to be held together by a plurality of tensioning members (26;26a;26b;26c) pushed onto, and acting between, at least two reinforcing bars (20) or groups thereof so as to be in gripping engagement therewith, which tensioning members press the reinforcing bars into contact with the coil, thereby obviating the use of ties.
  2. Method according to claim 1 in which the reinforcing bars (20), or the groups thereof, form the corners in an imaginary rectangle seen in cross-section, characterized in that the tensioning means (26) is designed as struts acting diagonally in said rectangle so that one strut lies in a first diagonal direction and the adjacent strut lies in the other diagonal direction.
  3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tensioning means (26a) is formed and placed such that it presses three reinforcing bars or groups thereof against the coil, said bars or groups of bars lying closely spaced around the circumference of the coil.
  4. Method to claim 1, characterized in that the tensioning means (26b,26c) is designed and arranged such that it presses all the reinforcing bars or groups thereof against the coil.
  5. Reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, comprising a steel wire formed into an extended coil and reinforcing bars placed internally along the total length of the coil, and means (26;26a;26b;26c) for holding the coil and the reinforcing bars together, characterized in that said means for holding the coil and the reinforcing bars together consists of a plurality of struts (26;26a;26b;26c) mutually spaced in the coil's (10') longitudinal direction which grippingly engage and act between at least two reinforcing bars (20) or groups thereof to press the reinforcing bars into contact with the coil and thereby stabilize the reinforcement.
  6. Reinforcement according to claim 5 in which the reinforcing bar, or the groups thereof, form the corners in an imaginary rectangle seen in cross-section, characterized in that the struts (26) are arranged diagonally in said rectangle whereby sequentially following struts are oriented in differing diagonal directions.
  7. Strut member for use in reinforcement which comprises a steel wire formed into an extended coil and in which reinforcing bars are arranged, the reinforcement being intended for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, characterized in that one end of the strut member is provided with a first outwardly directed notch (27) for gripping engagement with a first reinforcing bar, or group of reinforcing bars, and that the other end of the strut is provided with a second notch (28) arranged 900 with respect to said first notch for attachment to a second reinforcing bar, or group of reinforcing bars.
  8. Concrete member, preferably a concrete pile, characterized in that it is provided with reinforcement according to claims 5 or 6.
EP90850388A 1989-12-04 1990-11-30 Method for producing reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, reinforcement and a strut member incorporated therein Expired - Lifetime EP0432121B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90850388T ATE96193T1 (en) 1989-12-04 1990-11-30 PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF REINFORCEMENT FOR CONCRETE ELEMENTS, PREFERABLE FOR CONCRETE PILES, REINFORCEMENT AND CROSS REINFORCEMENT INCORPORATED IN THEM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE8904079 1989-12-04
SE8904079A SE467788B (en) 1989-12-04 1989-12-04 MANUFACTURED TO MANUFACTURE ARMING FOR CONCRETE ELEMENTS, PRELIMINARY CONCRETE PILLARS, ARMING AND SUPPORT ORGANIZATION INCLUDED IN DIFFICULT AND CONCRETE ELEMENTS WITH DIFFICULT ARMING

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0432121A1 EP0432121A1 (en) 1991-06-12
EP0432121B1 true EP0432121B1 (en) 1993-10-20

Family

ID=20377676

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90850388A Expired - Lifetime EP0432121B1 (en) 1989-12-04 1990-11-30 Method for producing reinforcement for concrete members, preferably concrete piles, reinforcement and a strut member incorporated therein

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0432121B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE96193T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69004056T2 (en)
FI (1) FI92510C (en)
NO (1) NO174902C (en)
SE (1) SE467788B (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4203740C2 (en) * 1992-02-09 1996-07-11 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Method for producing an anchor element from a strand made of twisted steel wires
DE59504004D1 (en) * 1995-11-15 1998-11-26 Elmenhorst & Co Gmbh Masonry reinforcement
CN2248205Y (en) * 1995-11-22 1997-02-26 李岭群 Shear beam
AUPQ356699A0 (en) * 1999-10-21 1999-11-11 Bhp Steel (Rp) Pty Ltd A rollable mesh apparatus
DE202005019077U1 (en) * 2005-12-06 2007-04-19 nolasoft Ingenieurgemeinschaft Ozbolt Mayer GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Dr.-Ing. Utz Mayer, 70178 Stuttgart) Reinforcement element for structures made of reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete or the like.
CN102995832B (en) * 2012-12-03 2015-04-29 北京工业大学 Multi-cavity steel tube concrete column with disconnected inner partition boards and stiffening ribs and manufacturing method of concrete column
CN103469966B (en) * 2013-10-10 2015-08-26 贵州桥梁建设集团有限责任公司 A kind of reinforced concrete post and construction method thereof
CN110080465B (en) * 2019-03-27 2024-06-25 深圳大学 Concrete beam skeleton and construction method thereof
CN110984480B (en) * 2019-12-23 2021-08-20 浙江捷城建筑科技有限公司 Prefabricated post owner muscle positioning fixing device
CN113356479B (en) * 2021-05-24 2022-07-05 深圳大学 Concrete column frame and its construction method

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR19585E (en) * 1913-01-21 1915-03-16 Paul Lecler Improvements in the manufacture of reinforced cement parts
GB191421851A (en) * 1914-11-02 1915-10-28 William John Stewart Improvements in or relating to Concrete Piles, Pillars, Beams and other Concrete Structures.
US1896279A (en) * 1930-01-04 1933-02-07 Union Steel Prod Co Structural unit and assembly
BE719634A (en) * 1968-08-16 1969-02-03
BE730492A (en) * 1969-03-26 1969-09-01
FR2146170A1 (en) * 1971-07-22 1973-03-02 Mandelli Jean Entreprise
DE3511824A1 (en) * 1985-03-30 1986-10-09 Hubert 7965 Ostrach Keller METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A ARMORING BASKET FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE COMPONENTS
DE8702254U1 (en) * 1987-02-13 1987-06-25 BTH Biegetechnik Hasak GmbH, 8300 Altdorf Reinforcement cage for large bored piles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI905961A0 (en) 1990-12-03
ATE96193T1 (en) 1993-11-15
DE69004056D1 (en) 1993-11-25
NO905217L (en) 1991-06-05
SE8904079L (en) 1991-06-05
FI92510B (en) 1994-08-15
NO905217D0 (en) 1990-12-03
DE69004056T2 (en) 1994-05-05
FI92510C (en) 1994-11-25
NO174902B (en) 1994-04-18
FI905961L (en) 1991-06-05
EP0432121A1 (en) 1991-06-12
SE8904079D0 (en) 1989-12-04
SE467788B (en) 1992-09-14
NO174902C (en) 1994-07-27

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