EP0297001A1 - Process for decreasing the range of values of the mechanical characteristics of tungsten-nickel-iron alloys - Google Patents
Process for decreasing the range of values of the mechanical characteristics of tungsten-nickel-iron alloys Download PDFInfo
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- EP0297001A1 EP0297001A1 EP88420211A EP88420211A EP0297001A1 EP 0297001 A1 EP0297001 A1 EP 0297001A1 EP 88420211 A EP88420211 A EP 88420211A EP 88420211 A EP88420211 A EP 88420211A EP 0297001 A1 EP0297001 A1 EP 0297001A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- OWUGOENUEKACGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Ni].[W] Chemical compound [Fe].[Ni].[W] OWUGOENUEKACGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/15—Nickel or cobalt
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for reducing the dispersion of the values of the mechanical characteristics of tungsten-nickel-iron alloys.
- This process is characterized in that cobalt and manganese powders are added together to the initial powder.
- the elastic limit Rp, the tensile strength Rm and the elongation A% were measured on the products after each of the following steps: sintering - degassing - wrought - tempering, identified in Figures 2 and 3 respectively by means of the letters A , B, C, D.
- the breaking strength Rm was measured in MPa, the elastic limit Rp 0.2 in MPa, the Vickers hardness in HV30, the elongation in%.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention est relative à un procédé pour réduire la dispersion des caractéristiques mécaniques d'alliages tungstène-nickel-fer obtenus par frittage de poudres.
Ce procédé consiste à ajouter de façon conjuguée du cobalt et du manganèse au dit alliage.
Il permet de mettre en oeuvre des poudres de tungstène d'origines différentes, de parer à certaines fluctuations dans les conditions d'élaboration de ces alliages et, en outre, d'améliorer certaines caractéristiques telles que l'allongement et la dureté. The present invention relates to a method for reducing the dispersion of the mechanical characteristics of tungsten-nickel-iron alloys obtained by sintering powders.
This process consists in adding together cobalt and manganese to said alloy.
It makes it possible to use tungsten powders of different origins, to counter certain fluctuations in the conditions of production of these alloys and, moreover, to improve certain characteristics such as elongation and hardness.
Description
La présente invention est relative à un procédé pour réduire la dispersion des valeurs des caractéristiques mécaniques d'alliages de tungstène-nickel-fer.The present invention relates to a method for reducing the dispersion of the values of the mechanical characteristics of tungsten-nickel-iron alloys.
L'homme de l'art sait que les matériaux destinés à la confection de masses d'équilibrage, de dispositifs d'absorption de rayonnement et de vibrations, de projectiles ayant une capacité de perforation, doivent avoir une masse spécifique relativement importante.Those skilled in the art know that the materials intended for making balance weights, radiation and vibration absorption devices, projectiles having a perforation capacity, must have a relatively large specific mass.
C'est pourquoi on recourt, pour leur fabrication, à des alliages dits "lourds", contenant principalement du tungstène réparti de façon homogène dans une matrice métallique formée généralement par des éléments de liaison tels que le nickel et le fer. Un tel alliage est d'ailleurs décrit dans l'USP 3888636. Ces alliages sont obtenus essentiellement par la métallurgie des poudres, c'est-à-dire que leurs composants sont mis en oeuvre à l'état pulvérulent, comprimés pour leur donner la forme appropriée, frittés et éventuellement soumis à des traitements thermiques et mécaniques, afin d'obtenir des produits répondant aux valeurs souhaitées des caractéristiques mécaniques telles que la résistance à la rupture, la limite élastique, l'allongement et la dureté.This is why recourse is made, for their manufacture, to so-called "heavy" alloys, containing mainly tungsten distributed homogeneously in a metal matrix generally formed by connecting elements such as nickel and iron. Such an alloy is moreover described in USP 3888636. These alloys are obtained essentially by powder metallurgy, that is to say that their components are used in the pulverulent state, compressed to give them the suitable form, sintered and possibly subjected to thermal and mechanical treatments, in order to obtain products meeting the desired values of mechanical characteristics such as breaking strength, elastic limit, elongation and hardness.
Toutefois, on constate que ces caractéristiques peuvent être différentes d'un lot d'un alliage à un autre et même s'écarter notablement des valeurs souhaitées.However, it is noted that these characteristics can be different from one batch of an alloy to another and even deviate significantly from the desired values.
Une étude approfondie de ces phénomènes a permis à la demanderesse de montrer que cette dispersion était essentiellement due à deux facteurs :
- d'une part, aux caractéristiques des poudres de tungstène telles que leur diamètre, leur forme, leur répartition granulométrique, qui sont très variables suivant les conditions de leur fabrication. En effet, ces variations conduisent, notamment lors de la compression des poudres, à des produits ayant des densités apparentes différentes dont le comportement change lors des traitements ultérieurs ; il en résulte ainsi des disparités au niveau des caractéristiques mécaniques des alliages ainsi obtenus. C'est d'ailleurs pourquoi il est prévu, dans certains cycles de fabrication, de modifier les conditions de traitement en fonction des caractéristiques des poudres. Cette façon de procéder est certes efficace mais, nécessite à la fois un supplément de contrôles et une adaptation du matériel de fabrication à chaque cycle.
- d'autre part, cette dispersion est due également aux conditions de traitement des poudres. En effet, l'homme de l'art sait que des écarts de ± 20° C sur la température usuelle de frittage et des variations de vitesse de déplacement des produits dans les fours de traitement de quelques millimètres par minute conduisent à des fluctuations importantes des caractéristiques mécaniques. Ainsi, toute diminution de la vitesse a pour effet de faire chuter la résistance et la dureté.An in-depth study of these phenomena has enabled the applicant to show that this dispersion was essentially due to two factors:
- On the one hand, to the characteristics of tungsten powders such as their diameter, their shape, their particle size distribution, which are very variable depending on the conditions of their manufacture. Indeed, these variations lead, in particular during the compression of the powders, to products having different apparent densities whose behavior changes during subsequent treatments; he This results in disparities in the mechanical characteristics of the alloys thus obtained. This is also why it is planned, in certain manufacturing cycles, to modify the processing conditions according to the characteristics of the powders. This procedure is certainly effective, but requires both additional checks and adaptation of the manufacturing equipment to each cycle.
- on the other hand, this dispersion is also due to the conditions for processing powders. In fact, those skilled in the art know that deviations of ± 20 ° C. from the usual sintering temperature and variations in the speed of movement of the products in the treatment ovens of a few millimeters per minute lead to significant fluctuations in the mechanical characteristics. Thus, any decrease in speed has the effect of lowering strength and hardness.
En ce qui concerne la température, tout abaissement voisin de 20° C a des conséquences particulièrement défavorables sur l'allongement. Si une telle variation est peu probable en tant que température affichée, il n'en est plus de même pour des produits qui sont déplacés dans les fours de frittage à une vitesse trop grande, car ils ne subissent pas l'ensemble des échanges thermiques le long du four. Or, il n'est pas facile, à l'échelle industrielle, de pouvoir être totalement maître de ces variations de vitesse ni même d'être sûr que, pour une température affichée sur le four, celle-ci corresponde toujours à un même profil thermique à l'intérieur du four, car la capacité de calorifugeage des garnissages et les atmosphères gazeuses des fours évoluent dans le temps.With regard to temperature, any reduction close to 20 ° C has particularly unfavorable consequences on the elongation. If such a variation is unlikely as a displayed temperature, it is no longer the same for products which are moved in the sintering ovens at too high a speed, because they do not undergo all the heat exchanges on along the oven. However, it is not easy, on an industrial scale, to be able to be completely in control of these variations in speed or even to be sure that, for a temperature displayed on the oven, this always corresponds to the same profile thermal inside the oven, because the heat insulation capacity of the linings and the gas atmospheres of the ovens change over time.
C'est pour parer à ces difficultés que la demanderesse a mis au point un procédé permettant de réduire la dispersion des caractéristiques mécaniques des alliages W-Ni-Fe obtenus à partir de poudres de caractéristiques différentes et soumis à des conditions de traitement fluctuantes et ce, sans avoir recours à des modifications dans les conditions de traitement elles-mêmes.It is to overcome these difficulties that the Applicant has developed a process making it possible to reduce the dispersion of the mechanical characteristics of W-Ni-Fe alloys obtained from powders of different characteristics and subjected to fluctuating treatment conditions and this , without resorting to modifications in the processing conditions themselves.
Ce procédé est caractérisé en ce que l'on ajoute de façon conjuguée des poudres de cobalt et de manganèse à la poudre initiale.This process is characterized in that cobalt and manganese powders are added together to the initial powder.
Ainsi l'invention consiste uniquement à "doper" la poudre contenant en poids % entre 85 et 99 de tungstène, 1 à 10 de nickel et 1 à 10 de fer, avec un ajout conjugué de poudre de cobalt et de poudre de manganèse, étant donné que le cobalt seul pour de tels alliages est un fragilisant qui conduit à des pertes de ductilité comme le montre la figure 1 où on a représenté en fonction de la teneur en cobalt en poids % de la poudre, les valeurs en MPa de la résistance à la rupture, de la limite élastique et de l'allongement des alliages correspondants.Thus the invention consists solely in "doping" the powder containing by weight% between 85 and 99 of tungsten, 1 to 10 of nickel and 1 to 10 of iron, with a combined addition of cobalt powder and manganese powder, being given that cobalt alone for such alloys is an embrittler which leads to losses in ductility as shown in FIG. 1 where, as a function of the cobalt content by weight% of the powder, the values in MPa of the resistance have been represented at break, of the elastic limit and the elongation of the corresponding alloys.
Ce dopage peut être effectué par mélange, soit au moment où on ajoute le nickel et le fer au tungstène, soit après. Il est réalisé à l'aide de tout type de mélangeur connu de l'homme de l'art. Les poudres ajoutées ont une granulométrie voisine de celle de la poudre de tungstène, c'est-à-dire comprise entre 1 et 15 µm FISHER et de préférence entre 3 et 6 µm pour avoir des caractéristiques mécaniques plus élevées. De préférence également, la quantité de poudre ajoutée est telle que la poudre finale contienne en poids % entre 0,02 et 2 de cobalt et entre 0,02 et 2 de manganèse.This doping can be carried out by mixing, either at the time when nickel and iron are added to the tungsten, or afterwards. It is produced using any type of mixer known to those skilled in the art. The added powders have a particle size close to that of the tungsten powder, that is to say between 1 and 15 μm FISHER and preferably between 3 and 6 μm in order to have higher mechanical characteristics. Preferably also, the quantity of powder added is such that the final powder contains by weight% between 0.02 and 2 of cobalt and between 0.02 and 2 of manganese.
Par la suite, la poudre dopée est soumise aux opérations suivantes :
- compression sous forme de produits de dimensions convenables au moyen d'une presse isostatique ou uniaxiale,
- frittage des produits dans un four à passage à une température comprise entre 1000° C et 1 700° C pendant 1 à 10 heures, opérations qui peuvent être suivies éventuellement, en fonction de la destination des produits, de traitements tels que :
- dégazage des produits frittés par maintien entre 700 et 1 300°C pendant 2 à 20 heures sous vide partiel,
- corroyage d'environ 5 à 20 % des produits dégazés,
- revenu des produits par chauffage entre 300 à 1 200°C pendant 2 à 10 heures sous vide partiel.Subsequently, the doped powder is subjected to the following operations:
- compression in the form of products of suitable dimensions by means of an isostatic or uniaxial press,
- sintering of the products in a passage oven at a temperature between 1000 ° C and 1700 ° C for 1 to 10 hours, operations which can be followed optionally, depending on the destination of the products, of treatments such as:
- degassing of sintered products by maintaining between 700 and 1,300 ° C for 2 to 20 hours under partial vacuum,
- wrought about 5 to 20% of degassed products,
- tempering of products by heating between 300 to 1,200 ° C for 2 to 10 hours under partial vacuum.
On constate alors que l'ajout de cobalt et de manganèse permet de quasiment lisser les effets dûs aux caractéristiques différentes des poudres et aux fluctuations des conditions de traitement tout en augmentant la dureté et la ductilité des alliages ainsi obtenus. Du même coup, cela permet d'élargir les plages de fonctionnement des fours en ce qui concerne leur température et la vitesse de déplacement des produits.It is then found that the addition of cobalt and manganese makes it possible to almost smooth the effects due to the different characteristics of the powders and to the fluctuations in the processing conditions while increasing the hardness and the ductility of the alloys. thus obtained. At the same time, this makes it possible to widen the operating ranges of the ovens with regard to their temperature and the speed of movement of the products.
L'invention est illustrée à l'aide des exemples d'application suivants dont les résultats sont rassemblés dans les figures 2, 3, 4 et 5 jointes.The invention is illustrated with the aid of the following application examples, the results of which are collated in Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 attached.
Quatre lots de poudre de tungstène d'origines différentes repérés 1, 2, 3, 4 et contenant chacun 4,5 % de nickel et 2,5 % de fer, ont été partagés chacun en deux parties. L'une a été dopée suivant l'invention avec 1 % en poids de cobalt et 1 % en poids de manganèse et les deux parties ont été soumises aux opérations et traitements décrits ci-dessus et ce, dans les mêmes conditions.Four batches of tungsten powder of different origins marked 1, 2, 3, 4 and each containing 4.5% nickel and 2.5% iron, were each divided into two parts. One was doped according to the invention with 1% by weight of cobalt and 1% by weight of manganese and the two parts were subjected to the operations and treatments described above and this, under the same conditions.
La limite élastique Rp, la résistance à la rupture Rm et l'allongement A % ont été mesurés sur les produits après chacune des étapes suivantes : frittage - dégazage - corroyage - revenu, repérées sur les figures 2 et 3 respectivement au moyen des lettres A, B, C, D.The elastic limit Rp, the tensile strength Rm and the elongation A% were measured on the products after each of the following steps: sintering - degassing - wrought - tempering, identified in Figures 2 and 3 respectively by means of the letters A , B, C, D.
La figure 2, relative aux alliages de l'art antérieur, montre une dispersion des valeurs mesurées sur chacune des poudres, notamment en ce qui concerne la poudre 4.FIG. 2, relating to the alloys of the prior art, shows a dispersion of the values measured on each of the powders, in particular with regard to the
La figure 3, relative aux alliages selon l'invention, montre, au contraire, un regroupement des valeurs et pratiquement une identité de ces valeurs au stade final de l'élaboration de l'alliage. Ces résultats montrent qu'on peut s'affranchir de l'origine des poudres de tungstène mises en oeuvre.
De plus, la valeur finale des caractéristiques mécaniques des alliages dopés correspond sensiblement à la valeur finale de la poudre non dopée ayant les meilleures caractéristiques, à savoir :
Rp ≃ 1 100 MPa Rm ≃ 1 050 MPa A % ≃ 8FIG. 3, relating to the alloys according to the invention, shows, on the contrary, a grouping of the values and practically an identity of these values at the final stage of the development of the alloy. These results show that the origin of the tungsten powders used can be overcome.
In addition, the final value of the mechanical characteristics of the doped alloys corresponds substantially to the final value of the undoped powder having the best characteristics, namely:
Rp ≃ 1,100 MPa Rm ≃ 1,050 MPa A% ≃ 8
Dans une autre série d'essais, on a mis en oeuvre un lot de poudre de même composition que ci-dessus, qui a été partageé en deux parties, l'une non dopée, référencée a, l'autre dopée suivant l'invention, référencée b. Les deux parties ont été divisées chacune en 9 fractions référencées de 1 à 9. Chaque fraction a été soumise aux traitements décrits ci-dessus mais les conditions de frittage ont été différentes pour chacune des 9 fractions, en étant toutefois identiques pour les fractions de a et de b portant la même référence.In another series of tests, a batch of powder of the same composition as above was used, which was divided into two parts, one undoped, referenced a, the other doped according to the invention , referenced b. The two parts were each divided into 9 fractions referenced from 1 to 9. Each fraction was subjected to the treatments described above but the sintering conditions were different for each of the 9 fractions, being however identical for the fractions of a and b bearing the same reference.
Ces différences de conditions de frittage, réalisées dans un four à passage, portent :
- d'une part, sur la température de la zone de sortie du four pour laquelle on a choisi trois valeurs différentes : une température usuelle de frittage, de l'ordre de 1 550°C, une température basse, de l'ordre de 1 530°C, et une température haute, de l'ordre de 1 570°C ;
- d'autre part, sur la vitesse de passage des produits dans le four de frittage pour laquelle on a choisi trois valeurs différentes : une vitesse usuelle, 17 mm/min, une vitesse basse, 11 mm/min et une vitesse haute, 26 mm/min.These differences in sintering conditions, carried out in a pass-through oven, carry:
- on the one hand, on the temperature of the exit zone of the oven for which three different values have been chosen: a usual sintering temperature, of the order of 1550 ° C., a low temperature, of the order of 1,530 ° C, and a high temperature, of the order of 1,570 ° C;
- on the other hand, on the speed of passage of the products in the sintering oven for which three different values have been chosen: a usual speed, 17 mm / min, a low speed, 11 mm / min and a high speed, 26 mm / min.
Les conditions de température et de vitesse pour chacune des fractions sont indiquées dans le tableau suivant.
Sur chacun des alliages obtenus après revenu, on a mesuré la résistance à la rupture Rm en MPa, la limit élastique Rp 0,2 en MPa, la dureté Vickers en HV30, l'allongement en %.On each of the alloys obtained after tempering, the breaking strength Rm was measured in MPa, the elastic limit Rp 0.2 in MPa, the Vickers hardness in HV30, the elongation in%.
Les résultats figurent sur la figure 4 pour les fractions a non dopées et sur la figure 5 pour les fractions dopées b. On peut constater que les différences de vitesse et de température conduisent, sur les produits non dopés, à une dispersion notable des caractéristiques mécaniques. Par contre, sur les produits dopés, on peut noter un regroupement des valeurs de la résistance à la rupture et de la limite élastique et presque une identité des valeurs de la dureté et de l'allongement. En outre, les valeurs de la dureté et de l'allongement sont sensiblement améliorées et ce, quelle que soit la vitesse.The results are shown in FIG. 4 for the undoped fractions a and in FIG. 5 for the doped fractions b. It can be seen that the differences in speed and temperature lead, on undoped products, to a notable dispersion of the mechanical characteristics. On the other hand, on the doped products, one can note a grouping of the values of the breaking strength and the elastic limit and almost an identity of the values of the hardness and the elongation. In addition, the values of hardness and elongation are significantly improved, regardless of the speed.
On conçoit donc l'intérêt de l'invention qui, outre la suppression des dispersions, permet d'augmenter les valeurs de certaines caractéristiques en s'affranchissant des vitesses et des températures, ce qui donne à la fois beaucoup plus de souplesse dans les cycles de fabrication, dans les exigences requises pour le matériel de fabrication et permet, en outre, d'envisager l'augmentation des capacités de production, du fait de l'accroissement possible des vitesses de déplacement des produits dans les fours.It is therefore easy to understand the advantage of the invention which, in addition to eliminating dispersions, makes it possible to increase the values of certain characteristics by overcoming speeds and temperatures, which gives both much more flexibility in the cycles. manufacturing, in the requirements for manufacturing equipment and also allows to consider the increase in production capacity, due to the possible increase in the speed of movement of products in the ovens.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT88420211T ATE68834T1 (en) | 1987-06-23 | 1988-06-21 | METHOD OF REDUCING THE DISPERSION OF THE CHARACTERISTIC MECHANICAL VALUES OF TUNGSTEN-NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8709169A FR2617192B1 (en) | 1987-06-23 | 1987-06-23 | PROCESS FOR REDUCING THE DISPERSION OF THE VALUES OF THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TUNGSTENE-NICKEL-IRON ALLOYS |
| FR8709169 | 1987-06-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0297001A1 true EP0297001A1 (en) | 1988-12-28 |
| EP0297001B1 EP0297001B1 (en) | 1991-10-23 |
Family
ID=9352646
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88420211A Expired - Lifetime EP0297001B1 (en) | 1987-06-23 | 1988-06-21 | Process for decreasing the range of values of the mechanical characteristics of tungsten-nickel-iron alloys |
Country Status (21)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4931252A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0297001B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH08939B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR920004706B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1013042B (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE68834T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU603229B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8803055A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1340873C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3865753D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2025320B3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2617192B1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3002979T3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL86816A (en) |
| IN (1) | IN169594B (en) |
| RU (1) | RU1797627C (en) |
| SG (1) | SG12993G (en) |
| TR (1) | TR23644A (en) |
| UA (1) | UA13386A (en) |
| YU (1) | YU46262B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA884454B (en) |
Families Citing this family (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5019330A (en) * | 1990-08-03 | 1991-05-28 | General Electric Company | Method of forming improved tungsten ingots |
| US5234487A (en) * | 1991-04-15 | 1993-08-10 | Tosoh Smd, Inc. | Method of producing tungsten-titanium sputter targets and targets produced thereby |
| US5603073A (en) * | 1991-04-16 | 1997-02-11 | Southwest Research Institute | Heavy alloy based on tungsten-nickel-manganese |
| US5328657A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1994-07-12 | Drexel University | Method of molding metal particles |
| US5527376A (en) * | 1994-10-18 | 1996-06-18 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Composite shot |
| US5713981A (en) * | 1992-05-05 | 1998-02-03 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Composite shot |
| US6136105A (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2000-10-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Process for imparting high strength, ductility, and toughness to tungsten heavy alloy (WHA) materials |
| US6527880B2 (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2003-03-04 | Darryl D. Amick | Ductile medium-and high-density, non-toxic shot and other articles and method for producing the same |
| US6270549B1 (en) | 1998-09-04 | 2001-08-07 | Darryl Dean Amick | Ductile, high-density, non-toxic shot and other articles and method for producing same |
| US7267794B2 (en) * | 1998-09-04 | 2007-09-11 | Amick Darryl D | Ductile medium-and high-density, non-toxic shot and other articles and method for producing the same |
| US6248150B1 (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2001-06-19 | Darryl Dean Amick | Method for manufacturing tungsten-based materials and articles by mechanical alloying |
| US6447715B1 (en) * | 2000-01-14 | 2002-09-10 | Darryl D. Amick | Methods for producing medium-density articles from high-density tungsten alloys |
| US7217389B2 (en) | 2001-01-09 | 2007-05-15 | Amick Darryl D | Tungsten-containing articles and methods for forming the same |
| WO2003064961A1 (en) * | 2002-01-30 | 2003-08-07 | Amick Darryl D | Tungsten-containing articles and methods for forming the same |
| US6749802B2 (en) | 2002-01-30 | 2004-06-15 | Darryl D. Amick | Pressing process for tungsten articles |
| US7000547B2 (en) | 2002-10-31 | 2006-02-21 | Amick Darryl D | Tungsten-containing firearm slug |
| US7059233B2 (en) * | 2002-10-31 | 2006-06-13 | Amick Darryl D | Tungsten-containing articles and methods for forming the same |
| WO2004092427A2 (en) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-28 | Amick Darryl D | System and method for processing ferrotungsten and other tungsten alloys articles formed therefrom and methods for detecting the same |
| US7422720B1 (en) | 2004-05-10 | 2008-09-09 | Spherical Precision, Inc. | High density nontoxic projectiles and other articles, and methods for making the same |
| US8025710B2 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2011-09-27 | A.L.M.T. Corp. | Tungsten alloy grains, processing method using the same, and method for manufacturing the same |
| US8122832B1 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2012-02-28 | Spherical Precision, Inc. | Projectiles for shotgun shells and the like, and methods of manufacturing the same |
| US9046328B2 (en) | 2011-12-08 | 2015-06-02 | Environ-Metal, Inc. | Shot shells with performance-enhancing absorbers |
| US10690465B2 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2020-06-23 | Environ-Metal, Inc. | Frangible firearm projectiles, methods for forming the same, and firearm cartridges containing the same |
| US10260850B2 (en) | 2016-03-18 | 2019-04-16 | Environ-Metal, Inc. | Frangible firearm projectiles, methods for forming the same, and firearm cartridges containing the same |
| CN106834856B (en) * | 2017-01-16 | 2018-11-16 | 西安华山金属制品有限公司 | A kind of W-Ni-Fe-Y-ZrB2Heterogeneous alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN115011853A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-06 | 深圳艾利佳材料科技有限公司 | Tungsten alloy with high extensibility and preparation process thereof |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3888636A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1975-06-10 | Us Health | High density, high ductility, high strength tungsten-nickel-iron alloy & process of making therefor |
| US3979234A (en) * | 1975-09-18 | 1976-09-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Process for fabricating articles of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy |
| US3979209A (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1976-09-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Ductile tungsten-nickel alloy and method for making same |
| US3988118A (en) * | 1973-05-21 | 1976-10-26 | P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc. | Tungsten-nickel-iron-molybdenum alloys |
| EP0183017A1 (en) * | 1984-10-20 | 1986-06-04 | DORNIER SYSTEM GmbH | Sintering process for prealloyed tungsten powder |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4937806A (en) * | 1972-08-11 | 1974-04-08 | ||
| US4762559A (en) * | 1987-07-30 | 1988-08-09 | Teledyne Industries, Incorporated | High density tungsten-nickel-iron-cobalt alloys having improved hardness and method for making same |
-
1987
- 1987-06-23 FR FR8709169A patent/FR2617192B1/en not_active Expired
-
1988
- 1988-05-24 IN IN412/CAL/88A patent/IN169594B/en unknown
- 1988-05-27 US US07/199,913 patent/US4931252A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-21 ES ES88420211T patent/ES2025320B3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-21 AT AT88420211T patent/ATE68834T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-21 EP EP88420211A patent/EP0297001B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-21 IL IL86816A patent/IL86816A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-21 JP JP63153360A patent/JPH08939B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-21 CN CN88103710A patent/CN1013042B/en not_active Expired
- 1988-06-21 DE DE8888420211T patent/DE3865753D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-06-21 TR TR88/0437A patent/TR23644A/en unknown
- 1988-06-22 BR BR8803055A patent/BR8803055A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-22 YU YU120188A patent/YU46262B/en unknown
- 1988-06-22 CA CA000570132A patent/CA1340873C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-06-22 KR KR1019880007535A patent/KR920004706B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-06-22 ZA ZA884454A patent/ZA884454B/en unknown
- 1988-06-22 UA UA4356071A patent/UA13386A/en unknown
- 1988-06-22 RU SU884356071A patent/RU1797627C/en active
- 1988-06-22 AU AU18252/88A patent/AU603229B2/en not_active Ceased
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1991
- 1991-10-24 GR GR91400633T patent/GR3002979T3/en unknown
-
1993
- 1993-02-06 SG SG129/93A patent/SG12993G/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3888636A (en) * | 1971-02-01 | 1975-06-10 | Us Health | High density, high ductility, high strength tungsten-nickel-iron alloy & process of making therefor |
| US3988118A (en) * | 1973-05-21 | 1976-10-26 | P. R. Mallory & Co., Inc. | Tungsten-nickel-iron-molybdenum alloys |
| US3979209A (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1976-09-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Ductile tungsten-nickel alloy and method for making same |
| US3979234A (en) * | 1975-09-18 | 1976-09-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Process for fabricating articles of tungsten-nickel-iron alloy |
| EP0183017A1 (en) * | 1984-10-20 | 1986-06-04 | DORNIER SYSTEM GmbH | Sintering process for prealloyed tungsten powder |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2025320B3 (en) | 1992-03-16 |
| GR3002979T3 (en) | 1993-01-25 |
| EP0297001B1 (en) | 1991-10-23 |
| CA1340873C (en) | 2000-01-11 |
| KR890000193A (en) | 1989-03-13 |
| RU1797627C (en) | 1993-02-23 |
| FR2617192A1 (en) | 1988-12-30 |
| TR23644A (en) | 1990-05-28 |
| YU120188A (en) | 1990-08-31 |
| ATE68834T1 (en) | 1991-11-15 |
| AU1825288A (en) | 1989-01-05 |
| FR2617192B1 (en) | 1989-10-20 |
| DE3865753D1 (en) | 1991-11-28 |
| IL86816A (en) | 1992-06-21 |
| SG12993G (en) | 1993-05-21 |
| CN1013042B (en) | 1991-07-03 |
| KR920004706B1 (en) | 1992-06-13 |
| IN169594B (en) | 1991-11-16 |
| UA13386A (en) | 1997-02-28 |
| BR8803055A (en) | 1989-01-10 |
| US4931252A (en) | 1990-06-05 |
| JPH01195247A (en) | 1989-08-07 |
| IL86816A0 (en) | 1988-11-30 |
| JPH08939B2 (en) | 1996-01-10 |
| CN1031257A (en) | 1989-02-22 |
| YU46262B (en) | 1993-05-28 |
| ZA884454B (en) | 1989-03-29 |
| AU603229B2 (en) | 1990-11-08 |
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