EP0196548A1 - Compact block-type exchanger of impregnated graphite - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A block-type condenser having at least two, optionally impregnated, exchanger blocks (12, 14 ; 112, 114) of graphite, wherein each exchanger block has first through bores (16) between mutually opposed first block sides and second through bores (18) between further mutually opposed second block side, wherein the exchanger blocks are disposed adjacent one another with mutual abutment at the first block sides and with the first bores (16) merging into one another, wherein connection plates (20, 22 ;120, 122) are provided on the outer two first block sides of the block-type condenser (10 ; 110) with distribution chambers for connection to the first bores (16), and wherein second connection plates (50 ; 150) are provided on the second block sides with distribution chambers for connection to the second bores (18), characterized in that the two first connection plates (20, 22 ; 120, 122) each have at least two distribution chambers (28, 30, 32) which are independent of one another, and the first and second connection plates (20, 22 ; 120, 122 ; 50, 150) are each held together by tie rods (24, 52 ; 124, 152), and in that in each case a continuous steel plate (188) is provided at each respective end of the block-type condenser (110) for the purpose of clamping together by means of the tie rods (124) the two first connection plates (120, 122) which comprise separate plate portions (70, 71, 72) each having a respective distribution chamber (28, 30, 32).

Description

The invention relates to a compact block heat exchanger made of impregnated graphite, essentially suitable for use as a condenser for condensing water vapor and other vapors in a vacuum, the condensation taking place in different chambers at different pressures.

Such condensers are used in corrosion-protected steam jet vacuum pumps, are sucked out of the vacuum by the aggressive media and are conveyed to the atmosphere, whereby it must be ensured that the inert gases with the physically dependent vapor portion are physically separated from the condensate in the outlet chamber of the condenser.

• 1. Röhrenkondensatoren aus imprägniertem Graphit.
• 2. Blockkondensatoren mit rechteckigen Blöcken aus imprägniertem Graphit.
• 3. Blockkondensatoren mit runden Blöcken aus imprägniertem Graphit.
• 4. Plattenkondensatoren aus imprägniertem graphit.
• 5. Ringnut-Kondensatoren aus imprägniertem graphit .

It is known that the following devices are used to meet these requirements:

• 1. Tube capacitors made of impregnated graphite.
• 2. Block capacitors with rectangular blocks made of impregnated graphite.
• 3. Block capacitors with round blocks made of impregnated graphite.
• 4. Plate capacitors made of impregnated graphite.
• 5. Ring-groove capacitors made of impregnated graphite.

When using such devices as condensers in steam jet vacuum pumps, it is necessary to connect several individual devices of the same type on the product side (connected by the individual steam jet), possibly also in series, on the water side. Plate capacitors and ring groove capacitors can also not be cleaned mechanically, but must be chemically cleaned if they are dirty. In addition, a repair at the installation site can only be carried out to a limited extent or not at all, since the individual graphite parts are glued to one another and can only be separated from one another in the manufacturer's plant by means of a separating device (saw).

The invention has for its object to provide a graphite heat exchanger as a vacuum condenser for steam jet vacuum pumps, which replaces the individual condensers under different pressures by a compact apparatus, and in which the individual condensers on the vacuum side and on the water side are accessible after disassembly and can be cleaned.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that bilateral drilled rectangular graphite blocks together with upper and lower inlet and outlet chambers with the help of steel plates, in which the deflections of the water side are located, and with the help of steel tie rods. This creates a compact apparatus with several condenser chambers in which different vacuums can prevail when operated as a vacuum condenser.

In order to be able to mechanically clean and repair such an apparatus at the operating site by the operator's personnel, the apparatus is constructed in such a way that the required graphite and steel parts are connected to one another only with seals and steel tie rods, and that dismantling and reassembly are usual Tools can be done.

Another advantage of the invention is that a larger number of passages can be achieved on the water side of the apparatus by appropriate elaboration of the lateral baffle plates made of steel. This leads to higher speeds of the cooling medium compared to conventional block devices.

Another important advantage is the small footprint of the compact device.

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing using preferred exemplary embodiments:

• Fig. 1 eine vereinfachte Seitenansicht, teilweise herausgebrochen, des erfindungegemäßen Blockkondenstors (Blickrichtung I in Fig. 2);
• Fig. 2 eine Vorderansicht des Blockkonkensators gemäß Fig. 1 (Blickrichtung I in Fig. 2);
• Fig. 3 die andere Seitenansicht des Blockkondensators mit abgenommener seitlicher Anschlußplatte (Blickrichtung III in Fig. 1);
• Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf den Blockkondensator gemäß Fig. 1 (Blickrichtung IV) und
• Fig. 5 eine Gesamtansicht des mit Strahlpumpen versehenen Blockkondensators in einer abgewandelten Ausführungsform.

It shows:

• 1 shows a simplified side view, partially broken away, of the block condenser according to the invention (viewing direction I in FIG. 2);
• FIG. 2 shows a front view of the block compensator according to FIG. 1 (viewing direction I in FIG. 2);
• 3 shows the other side view of the block capacitor with the side connection plate removed (viewing direction III in FIG. 1);
• Fig. 4 is a plan view of the block capacitor of FIG. 1 (viewing direction IV) and
• 5 shows an overall view of the block capacitor provided with jet pumps in a modified embodiment.

The block capacitor 10 according to FIGS. 1 to 4 consists of two graphite blocks 12, 14 arranged vertically one above the other and bonded to one another, which form a uniform exchanger block. First vertically extending through bores 16 pass through both graphite blocks 12 and 14. Between these first through bores, second through bores 18 run through the two graphite blocks 12 and 14 in the horizontal direction lower graphite blocks 12, a lower first connection plate 22. Both connection plates are connected to one another by tie rods 24 indicated in the figures, with anchor nuts 26, and accordingly exert a compensation pressure on the two graphite blocks 12, 14. In the first two connection plates 20, 22, a total of three distributor chambers 28, 30, 32 are sealed against each other, each with a connection flange 34, 36 and 38. For example, the distributor chamber 32 arranged at the top left in FIG When condensing steam is supplied, the first bores 16 ′ connecting the two distribution chambers 32 to one another lead them to the lower distribution chamber 32 and out of the flange 38. The first bores 16 'thus form a separate capacitor chamber. Correspondingly, the first bores 16 ″ connecting the upper and lower distribution chambers 30 to one another form a further independent capacitor chamber. Finally, the first bores 16 ″ ″ connecting the distribution chambers 28 to one another form a further separate capacitor chamber. That emerging from the flange 38 at the bottom left in FIG. 2

The product can, if necessary after being compressed by a jet pump or by a mechanical compressor, be passed in sequence through the condenser chamber formed by the first bores 16 "and the condenser chamber formed by the first bores 16" '. The one formed in the respective condenser chamber Condensate is drained through corresponding outlet connections 40 of the lower distribution chambers 32, 30, 28. Exchanger means, in particular cooling water, are guided in a zigzag shape through the second bores 18. For this purpose, those two vertical block sides in which the second bores 18 each open out (Block sides 48) second connecting plates 50 are provided which are connected to one another via tie rods 52 with nuts 54. Like the tie rods 24 already mentioned, which are only indicated in Fig. 2, the horizontal tie rods 52 do not run through the graphite blocks 12, 14 but rather he front or back of the blocks 12, 14 with a small distance to the sen.

The second connection plate 50 on the right in FIG. 2 is provided with a connection flange 60, into which the cooling medium, in particular water, is introduced. Deflector plates 62 (not shown in more detail) in both second connecting plates 50 ensure that the water is guided in a zigzag-like manner from bottom to top through all horizontal bores 18. The water is eventually drained to a flange 64 at the top of the left second port plate 50.

It follows from the above that the block capacitor 10 houses a plurality of capacitor stages, in the example shown three capacitor stages, with an extremely compact construction. The number of stages is determined by the number of distribution chambers the upper and lower first connection plates 20, 22 set. In order to ensure a simple, modular structure with the possibility of easily changing the number of stages, the two connecting plates 20 and 22 are each made up of three separate plate parts 70, 71 and 72, corresponding plate parts at the upper and lower ends of the plate capacitor being connected by the vertical tie rods 24 be held together. If, for example, you only want a two-stage structure instead of the three-stage structure, you can exchange the corresponding plate parts, for example by fitting the plate parts 71 and 72 to a single plate part with a correspondingly enlarged distributor chamber.

The distribution chambers and the vertical first bores 16 can be cleaned easily since the plate parts 70, 71, and 72 need only be unscrewed in order to obtain direct access to both the distribution chambers and the vertical bores 16.

Accordingly, access to the horizontal bores 18 and to the distribution chambers or deflection plates within the side connection plates 50 is easy.

5 shows a two-stage plate capacitor 110, installed in an arrangement with a total of three jet pumps 180, 182 and 183. Components of the block capacitor 110 which correspond in function to those of the block capacitor 10 in FIGS. 1 to 4 are given the same reference numerals, each increased by the number 100.

The basic structure of the block capacitor 110 is the same, as that of the block capacitor 10. The two graphite blocks 112 and 114 are in turn clamped in the vertical direction between an upper and lower first connection plate 120 and 122 by means of tie rods 124 and nuts 126. Second connection plates 150 on the left or right side of the block capacitor 110 in FIG. 5 are connected to one another via horizontal tie rods 152 with nuts 154. In order to obtain uniform tension, a continuous steel plate 188 provided with edge eyelets 186 is provided between the top of the possibly two-part upper connection block 114, on the top of which the nuts 126 are supported. Accordingly, a continuous steel plate can also be provided at the lower end of the block capacitor 110.

The steam to be condensed is first passed through the jet pump 180 and then fed to the second jet pump 182 via a manifold 192. This opens into the flange 138, which corresponds to the flange 38 in FIG. 2. 5, the flange corresponding to the lower flange 38 is laterally offset slightly to the right relative to the upper flange 138 and is directly connected to the suction inlet 194 of the third jet pump 184. The output of jet pump 184 is connected to upper flange 136 of the second capacitor stage. The output flange 136 of the second capacitor stage can be connected to a fourth jet pump 185.

Claims (6)

1. block capacitor with at least one, possibly impregnated, exchanger block made of graphite,
characterized ,
that the at least one exchanger block has first _- through bores between two opposing first block sides and second through bores between further opposite second block sides, that on both first block sides there are preferably connecting plates held together by tie rods, each with at least one distributor chamber for connection to the first bores, and that second connection plates, preferably held together by tie rods, are provided on both second block sides, each with at least one distributor chamber for connection to the second bores. 2. Block capacitor according to claim 1 or the preamble of claim 1,
characterized ,
that the exchanger block has at least two condenser chambers which are independent of one another and possibly formed by part of the first bores. 3. Block capacitor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first connection plates each have at least two mutually sealed distributor chambers, which are connected via the first bores exclusively with the corresponding distributor chamber of the respective other connection plate. 4. Block capacitor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the second connection plates have deflections for the zigzag-like guidance of the exchange medium flowing through the second bores through the second bores. 5. Block capacitor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
that the exchanger block consists of at least two graphite blocks abutting one another with merging first or second bores. 6. That the graphite blocks are glued together.

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