DE3509919A1 - COMPACT BLOCK HEAT EXCHANGER MADE OF IMPREGNATED GRAPHITE - Google Patents

Description

Compact block heat exchanger made of impregnated graphite

The invention relates to a compact block heat exchanger made of impregnated graphite, essentially suitable for use as a condenser for condensing water vapor and other vapors in a vacuum, the condensation in different Chambers takes place at different pressures.

Such condensers are used in corrosion-protected steam jet vacuum pumps, through which aggressive media are sucked out of a vacuum and ^{conveyed against the 4 tmos} sphere, whereby it must be ensured that the inert gases with attached physically caused vapor content are properly separated from the condensate in the outlet chamber of the condenser.

It is known that the following devices are used to meet these requirements:

1. Tubular capacitors made of impregnated graphite.

2. Block capacitors with rectangular blocks made of impregnated graphite.

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3. Block capacitors with round blocks made of impregnated graphite.

4. Plate capacitors made of impregnated graphite. 5

5. Annular groove capacitors made of impregnated (graphite.

When using such apparatus as condensers in steam jet vacuum pumps, it is necessary to use several Individual devices of the same design on the product side (connected by the individual steam jets) possibly also to be switched one behind the other on the water side. In addition, plate capacitors and ring groove capacitors cannot be cleaned mechanically, but must be chemically cleaned if dirty. Besides, lets A repair at the place of installation is only possible to a limited extent or do not do it at all, as the individual graphite parts are glued to one another and can only be found in the manufacturer's works can be separated from each other again using a cutting device (saw).

The invention is based on the object of a graphite heat exchanger as a vacuum condenser for steam jet vacuum pumps to create the individual, under different Press standing capacitors replaced by a compact apparatus, and in which the individual capacitors on the vacuum side and on the water side are accessible after dismantling and can be cleaned.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that Rectangular graphite blocks drilled on both sides together with upper and lower inlet and outlet chambers with the help of steel plates, in which the diversions of the water side are, and with the help of steel tie rods be connected to each other. This creates a compact apparatus with several condenser chambers in which, when loading * As a vacuum capacitor, various vacuums can prevail.

-ΑΙ To carry out such an apparatus also in the place of collection to be able to mechanically clean and repair the operator's personnel, the device is constructed in such a way that that the required graphite and steel parts are only connected to one another with seals and steel tie rods, and that dismantling and reassembly can be carried out with conventional tools.

Another advantage of the invention is that on the water side of the apparatus a larger number of passages can be achieved by appropriate elaboration of the side baffle plates made of steel. This leads to higher speeds of the cooling medium compared to conventional block devices.

Another major advantage is the small footprint of the compact device.

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing of preferred exemplary embodiments: It shows:

1 shows a simplified side view, partially broken away, of the block condenser according to the invention (Viewing direction I in FIG. 2);

FIG. 2 shows a front view of the block capacitor according to FIG. 1 (viewing direction T in FIG. 2); FIG.

3 shows the other side view of the block capacitor with the lateral connection plate removed (Viewing direction III in Fig. 1);

4 shows a plan view of the block capacitor according to FIG. 1 (viewing direction IV) and

5 shows an overall view of the block capacitor provided with jet pumps in a modified form Embodiment.

The block capacitor 10 according to FIG. 1 to 4 consists of two graphite blocks 12, 14 arranged vertically one above the other and glued to one another, which form a uniform Form exchanger block. First vertically extending through bores 16 pass through both graphite blocks 12 and 14. Second through bores run in the horizontal direction between these first through bores 18 through the two graphite blocks 12 and 14. At the top of the upper graphite block 14 is an upper first connection plate 20 is provided and on the

Underside of the lower graphite block 12, a lower first connection plate 22. Both connection plates are connected to one another by tie rods 24 indicated in the figures with anchor nuts, whereby they dev 3 \ A.jW <»i.f4 (Ku

^ t ^ W according to a competence

exert pressure on the two graphite blocks 12, 14. In the first two connection plates 20, 22 are, in comparison, a total of three mutually sealed distribution chambers 28,30,32 each formed with one Connection flange 34,36 and 38. If, for example, the

distribution chamber 32 arranged at the top left in FIG. 2

over the largest diameter flange 38 condensing When steam is supplied, the first bores 16 'connecting the two distribution chambers 32 guide them to the lower manifold chamber 32 and out of the flange 38

out. The first bores 16 'thus form a separate one Condenser chamber. Correspondingly, they form the upper and lower distribution chambers 30 with one another connected first bores 16 ″ a further independent condenser chamber. The distribution chambers 28 First bores 16 '' 'connecting with one another finally form a further separate condenser chamber.

The elawvp | ~ tSow \ 3c emerging from the flange 38 at the bottom left in FIG. 2. Product can, if necessary after compression by a jet pump or by a mechanical compressor, be guided in sequence through the condenser chamber formed by the first bores 16 '"and the condenser chamber formed by the first bores 16 ^111. The condensate formed in the respective condenser chamber is diverted through corresponding drainage nozzles 40 of the lower distribution chambers 32, 30, 28.

Through the second bores 18 were "exchange means, in particular cooling water, guided in a zigzag shape. For this are ctn those two vertical block sides in which the second bores 18 each open out (block sides 48) second connection plates 50 are provided, which via tie rods are connected to each other with nuts 54. Just like those already mentioned, only indicated in FIG. 2 Tie rods 24, the horizontal tie rods also run not through the graphite blocks 12, 14 but on the front side or the back of the blocks 12, 14 at a small distance from them.

The second connection plate 50 on the right in FIG. 2 is provided with a connection flange 60 in which the cooling medium, especially water, is introduced. Deflection plates 62, not shown in detail, in the two second connection plates 50 ensure that the water zigzag from bottom to top through all the horizontal holes

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18 is performed. The water will eventually * a one Flange 64 at the upper end of the left second connection plate 50 derived.

From the above it follows that the block capacitor with an extremely compact design has several capacitor stages, in the example shown, houses three capacitor stages. The number of stages is determined by the number of distribution chambers

the upper and lower first connection plates 20,22 set. In order to ensure a simple, modular structure with the possibility of easily changing the number of stages, the two connection plates 20 and 22 each consist of three separate plate parts 70, 71 and 72 constructed, with corresponding plate parts at the top and bottom of the plate capacitor through the vertical tie rods 24 are held together. For example, if you only want one instead of the three-tier structure two-stage structure, you swap the corresponding plates' redistribute, ζ. B. in that ß the plate parts 71 and 72 each a single plate part with appropriately

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Larger distribution chamber - tea set.

A cleaning of the distribution chambers and the vertical first bores 16 is easy to carry out because you can Plate parts 70, 71, and 72 only need to be unscrewed to provide direct access to both the distribution chambers as well as to the vertical bores 16.

Access to the horizontal bores 18 and to the distribution chambers is accordingly problem-free or deflection plates within the lateral connection plates 50.

FIG. 5 shows a merely two-stage plate capacitor 110, installed in an arrangement with a total of three jet pumps 180, 182 and 183. Components of the block condenser 110 which, according to their function, correspond to those of the block capacitor 10 in FIGS. 1 to 4, are provided with the same reference numbers, each increased by the number 100.

The basic structure of the block capacitor 110 is the same,

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\ As that of the Blockkondenators 10. The two graphite blocks 112 and 114 are in turn clamped in a vertical direction between an upper and lower first connection plate 122 by means of tie rods and nuts 124 and 126th Second connection plates 150 on the left or right side of the block capacitor 110 in FIG. 5 are connected to one another via horizontal tie rods 152 with nuts 154. In order to obtain uniform νβτ tension, a continuous steel plate 188 provided with edge eyelets 186 is provided between the top of the possibly two-part upper connection block 114, on the top of which the nuts 126 are in turn supported. Correspondingly, continuous steel plate can also be provided at the lower end of the block capacitor 110.

The vapor to be condensed is first passed through the jet pump 180 and then through a Manifold 192 fed to the second jet pump 182. This opens into the flange 138, which the flange 38 in Fig. 2 corresponds. The flange corresponding to the lower flange 38 is slightly to the side in FIG offset to the right opposite the upper flange 138 and is directly connected to the suction inlet 194 of the third Jet pump 184 connected. The outlet of the jet pump 184 is to the upper flange 136 of the second capacitor stage tied together. The output flange 136 of the second capacitor stage can be connected to a fourth jet pump be connected.

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Claims (5)

Claims 1. Block capacitor with at least one, possibly impregnated, graphite exchanger block,
characterized in that the at least one exchanger block has first through-holes between two opposing first block sides and second through-holes between further opposing second block sides, that on both first block sides are provided connection plates, preferably held together by tie rods, each with at least one vertex chamber for connection to the first bores, and second connection plates, preferably held together by tie rods, are provided on both second block sides, each with at least one distributor chamber for connection to the second bores. 2. Block capacitor according to claim 1 or the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the exchanger block is at least two of each other has independent condenser chambers, possibly formed by a portion of the first bores. 3. Block capacitor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first connection plates each at least have two mutually sealed distribution chambers, which exclusively via the first bores are connected to the corresponding distribution chamber of the respective other connection plate. 4. Block capacitor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second connection plates have deflections for the zigzag-like guidance of the through the second Bores flowing exchange medium through the second bores. 5. Block capacitor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exchanger block consists of at least two connected to each other has adjacent graphite blocks with first or second bores merging into one another. e (ap> di the graphite blocks are glued together.