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EP0117828B1 - Navire de transport de gaz liquifié, procédé et dispositif d'isolation thermique des cuves de celui-ci - Google Patents

Navire de transport de gaz liquifié, procédé et dispositif d'isolation thermique des cuves de celui-ci Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0117828B1
EP0117828B1 EP84430003A EP84430003A EP0117828B1 EP 0117828 B1 EP0117828 B1 EP 0117828B1 EP 84430003 A EP84430003 A EP 84430003A EP 84430003 A EP84430003 A EP 84430003A EP 0117828 B1 EP0117828 B1 EP 0117828B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tank
tanks
space
barriers
supple
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84430003A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0117828A1 (fr
Inventor
Adolphe Albertucci
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chantiers du Nord et de La Mediterranee
Original Assignee
Chantiers du Nord et de La Mediterranee
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chantiers du Nord et de La Mediterranee filed Critical Chantiers du Nord et de La Mediterranee
Publication of EP0117828A1 publication Critical patent/EP0117828A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0117828B1 publication Critical patent/EP0117828B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/12—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to liquefied gas transport vessels and methods and devices for thermal insulation of the tanks thereof.
  • the technical sector of the invention is that of the construction of liquefied gas transport vessels, more particularly for transporting liquefied petroleum gases.
  • the tanks are rectangular self-supporting tanks, the bottom of which is placed on supports, so that there is a vacuum of the order of 450 mm to 500 mm below the bottom of the tank.
  • the vertical side walls of a tank are separated by a peripheral void having a width of the order of 600 mm of vertical partitions which generally delimit ballasting capacities or which can be part of the external hull of the ship.
  • the insulation of the bottom and of the vertical walls is obtained by filling the free space located under the bottom of the tank and the peripheral space with a powdery or granular isotant, for example of expanded perlite, or of particles of another expanded material having insulating or equivalent properties, such as vermiculite or glass foam beads.
  • a powdery or granular isotant for example of expanded perlite, or of particles of another expanded material having insulating or equivalent properties, such as vermiculite or glass foam beads.
  • particles of perlite or equivalent material are poured loose around the tanks until the voids are filled.
  • the bottom and the side walls are insulated by fixing, by gluing or by any other equivalent means, an insulating coating, for example sheets of polyurethane foam, polystyrene or any other cellular foam having properties. equivalent insulation or mineral or synthetic fiber boards.
  • the first technique is inexpensive. Expanded perlite is a low-cost material, which can be expanded on site and placed pneumatically, resulting in very low labor costs and lead time.
  • the thickness of insulation is equal to the width of the free space under the bottom or to the width of the peripheral space, that is to say of the order of 450 to 600 mm. , hence a very good insulation which results in a low loss of calories, hence a lower power of the refrigeration unit and an economy of investment and energy consumption which reaches very large sums of around 100,000 US dollars per year for a 70,000 m 3 ship.
  • Perlite is, moreover, an absolutely inert mineral material which requires no special precautions during installation and which presents no fire risk.
  • Insulation with a coating is more expensive to install because it requires time and labor. It is less effective because the thickness of the coating must be reduced, of the order of 10 cm, to allow passage between the tank and the shell for its installation. However, it allows free access to the space under the tank and to the peripheral space and it therefore makes it possible to periodically check the good condition of the supports and keys supporting the tank.
  • US-A-3903824 the granular insulation and the insulating coating surrounding the tanks of a liquefied gas transport vessel have been combined.
  • a man passage chimney in the space containing the granular insulation is not provided.
  • the objective of the present invention is to provide means for insulating the tanks of ships containing liquefied gases which combine certain advantages of the two known isolation techniques and which partially eliminate the drawbacks of each of these techniques.
  • a thermal insulation device is applied to self-supporting tanks having a horizontal bottom which is placed on horizontal supports which provide a free space under the bottom of the tank, side walls which are surrounded by a free peripheral space and a ceiling.
  • the invention results in liquefied gas transport vessels, in particular liquefied petroleum gas, which have a very effective thermal insulation, inexpensive and which allows the visit of the supports or keys located under the tanks.
  • the filling with expanded perlite of the space which surrounds each tank has the advantages of known thermal insulations which consist only of expanded perlite.
  • the perlite does not fill the free space under the tank and thanks to the vertical chimneys which are formed through the entire height of the mass of perlite, it is possible to access under the tanks for examinations of the condition of the supports and keys, to detect and locate possible leaks and to carry out repairs under the tanks without having to remove the perlite.
  • the nature of the flexible barriers which retain the perlite at the base of the peripheral space where they are placed horizontally or vertically and which delimit the access chimneys constitutes an important characteristic of the invention. Thanks to their composition (synthetic fiber fabrics such as polyamide fibers, for example "Kevlar” fibers, or glass or carbon fibers or even stainless steel wire cloth), these barriers have good mechanical strength to support the weight of the perlite and resistance to corrosion and other wear factors such that it is not necessary to replace them during the life of the vessel. Thanks to their flexibility, they follow the expansion and contraction of the tanks and the elastic deformations of the structure of the ship without introducing constraints. They are permeable to gases and therefore allow the passage of an inert sweeping gas which is blown under the bottom of the tank. They are permeable to liquids. They prevent the accumulation of water in the perlite in the event of a leak and they make it easy to locate a flow of liquid in the event of damage. They are impervious to perlite particles.
  • Figures 1 and 2 schematically represent the hull 1 of a liquefied gas transport vessel, for example butane, propane or any other hydrocarbon or ammonia.
  • a liquefied gas transport vessel for example butane, propane or any other hydrocarbon or ammonia.
  • the hull 1 is internally lined with vertical and horizontal partitions 2 which delimit ballasting capacities 30 which can be filled with water to ballast the ship during its empty return journeys.
  • the ship is equipped with a plurality of self-supporting tanks 3, which generally have a parallelepiped shape.
  • the tanks 3 are placed on horizontal wooden supports 4, so that there is a free space 5 between the bottom 3a of the tank and the horizontal partition 2a on which the supports are supported.
  • the bottom of the tank is held by keys 6 which prevent horizontal movements of the tank in both transverse and longitudinal directions.
  • the vertical side walls of the tank 2 are separated from the partitions 2 by a space 7 which has a width of approximately 50 to 70 cm and which envelops the entire tank, as can be seen in FIG. 2.
  • the tank 3 contains a gas liquefied maintained in the liquid state at very low temperature and the walls of the tank must be very well thermally insulated.
  • the bottom of the tank is isolated by a coating 8 of cellular material, for example polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene.
  • the space 5 has a width of the order of 50 cm so that the personnel can access it and the covering 8 has a thickness of the order of 10 cm, so that it is possible to pass between the insulation and the wall 2a.
  • the coating 8 is glued against the external face of the bottom 3a of the tank or fixed by any other equivalent means.
  • the ceiling 3b of the tank is also insulated by an insulating coating 8b of cellular foam or fibers.
  • the peripheral space 7 is filled with particles of an expanded insulating material 9 which are poured loose into this space, preferably expanded perlite, which can be replaced by an equivalent material, for example expanded vermiculite or by expanded glass beads.
  • an expanded insulating material 9 which are poured loose into this space, preferably expanded perlite, which can be replaced by an equivalent material, for example expanded vermiculite or by expanded glass beads.
  • the problem to be solved is to maintain the base of the perlite so that it does not fill the space 5 and to provide chimneys 10 through the perlite to access the space 5.
  • barriers must also be sufficiently flexible and elastic to follow the movements of the tank due to significant temperature variations without introducing constraints.
  • the barriers must be sealed against the finest perlite particles which have dimensions of the order of 50 to 100 microns.
  • the barriers must be permeable to liquids so that, in the case of a water inlet or a leak of liquefied gas, the liquid can flow into the space 5 without accumulating in the perlite.
  • the barriers must also be permeable to gases.
  • inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide is injected into space 5 to sweep the entire peripheral space to the tank and entrain combustible gases which could result from a leak of liquefied gas to avoid the risk of forming an explosive mixture.
  • the inert gas must therefore be able to circulate freely from space 5 to space 7.
  • flexible barriers 11 made of fabric or canvas of very fine mesh yarns (50 to 100 ⁇ ) composed of polyamide fibers, preferably fibers designated under the brand name "Kevlar", glass fibers, carbon fibers or fabrics in metallic wires, for example in stainless steel wires, with very fine mesh.
  • polyamide fibers preferably fibers designated under the brand name "Kevlar”
  • glass fibers preferably fibers designated under the brand name "Kevlar”
  • carbon fibers or fabrics in metallic wires, for example in stainless steel wires, with very fine mesh.
  • several superimposed fabrics can be used.
  • FIG. 1 represents two possible positions of the barriers 11.
  • barriers 11a are arranged horizontally through the base of the peripheral space 7 and which are fixed, on the one hand, to the vertical walls of the tank 3 and, from on the other hand, to the vertical partitions 2.
  • barriers 11 b which are arranged vertically through the ends of the space 5 and which are fixed, on the one hand, to the bottom 3a of the tank and, on the other hand, on the horizontal partition 2a.
  • the barriers 11 a or 11 b separate the base of the peripheral space 7 from the space 5 and retain the bulk material 9.
  • Each vertical chimney 10 is delimited by a pair of flexible barriers 12a, 12b which are arranged vertically through the peripheral space 7, at a distance from one another of the order of 1 m to allow passage.
  • the access chimneys 10 are arranged along the vertical edges of the tank, so that the passage section is larger and that the surface of the tank which is not not isolated is very small.
  • FIG. 2 shows flexible barriers 13 which are fixed vertically in the intermediate space 7 within the material 9, so that the mass of perlite 9 is divided into several compartments which are separated by the partitions 13. Thanks to this compartmentalisation, in the event of a leak, it suffices to locate the compartment in which the leak is located and to empty this compartment.
  • the partitions 13 as well as the barriers 12a, 12b can be made of the same fabric as the barriers 11 a, 11 b.
  • Figure 3 is a partial section on a larger scale showing the attachment of a barrier 11 a.
  • the parts homologous to those of FIGS. 1 and 2 are represented by the same references.
  • a wooden beam 14 is fixed against the lower edge of the side walls of the tank by gussets 14a welded to the wall 3 or by any equivalent means.
  • a sealing putty is interposed between the beam 14 and the wall of the tank to prevent that in the event of leakage of the liquid flowing along the external face of the wall cannot penetrate directly into the polyurethane coating 8.
  • the fabric 11 a is glued, on the one hand, against the partition 2 and, on the other hand, against the beam 14.
  • FIG. 4 represents, on a larger scale, another method of fixing the fabric barrier 11a against a vertical wall 3 of the tank or against a partition 2.
  • a wooden beam 15 is fixed by any means against the external face of the vertical wall 3, along the lower edge of the latter. Gussets 16 or equivalent elements are welded to the wall 3 to support the beam 15.
  • the fabric barrier 11a is pinched between the wooden beam 15 and a second wooden beam 17.
  • the beam 17 is pressed against the beam 15 by tightening bolts 18 on studs 19.
  • a bead of mastic 20 is interposed between the fabric 11a and the beam 15 to seal the junction with the perlite.
  • the strips of fabric 11 a have a width greater than the width of the peripheral space 7, so that once fixed, they are curved and that the tank 3 is free to expand or to to contract without giving rise to constraints.
  • FIG. 5 represents another example of attachment of a fabric barrier 11 a.
  • an angle iron 21 is welded to the partition 2.
  • a wooden beam 22 is fixed to the external face of the tank 3 along the lower edge of the side wall.
  • An angle iron 23 is fixed against the external face of the beam 22 by a stud 24 and a nut 25.
  • a strip of fabric 11a is fixed to a frame composed of wooden beams 26 and 27 which are placed respectively on the angles 21 and 23.
  • Each beam is composed of two superimposed parts and each edge of the fabric strip is pinched between the two halves of a beam and, in addition, it can be glued to them.
  • a strip of fabric 28 is glued between the partition and the top of the beam 26 to seal the connection to the passage of the perlite 9.
  • another strip of fabric 29 is glued between the top of the beam 27 and the top of the beam 22 which is cut at an angle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
EP84430003A 1983-02-11 1984-01-19 Navire de transport de gaz liquifié, procédé et dispositif d'isolation thermique des cuves de celui-ci Expired EP0117828B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8302362 1983-02-11
FR8302362A FR2540967A1 (fr) 1983-02-11 1983-02-11 Navire de transport de gaz liquefie, procede et dispositif d'isolation thermique des cuves de celui-ci

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0117828A1 EP0117828A1 (fr) 1984-09-05
EP0117828B1 true EP0117828B1 (fr) 1986-05-14

Family

ID=9285900

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84430003A Expired EP0117828B1 (fr) 1983-02-11 1984-01-19 Navire de transport de gaz liquifié, procédé et dispositif d'isolation thermique des cuves de celui-ci

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0117828B1 (da)
JP (1) JPS59147192A (da)
KR (1) KR840007617A (da)
BR (1) BR8400593A (da)
DE (1) DE3460130D1 (da)
DK (1) DK59684A (da)
ES (1) ES8504370A1 (da)
FI (1) FI840535A (da)
FR (1) FR2540967A1 (da)
NO (1) NO840440L (da)
PL (1) PL246128A1 (da)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105711737B (zh) * 2014-12-03 2017-10-27 江南造船(集团)有限责任公司 A型独立液货舱底面中间防横摇支座绝缘的安装方法
KR102416719B1 (ko) * 2016-09-09 2022-07-06 삼성중공업 주식회사 액화가스 화물창

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3083668A (en) * 1958-07-18 1963-04-02 Conditioned Power Co S P A Tanker for shipping liquefied hydrocarbon gas
SE363782B (da) * 1967-07-28 1974-02-04 Weser Ag
CA943883A (en) * 1970-10-14 1974-03-19 Conch International Methane Limited Containers for liquefied gases
DE2251698A1 (de) * 1972-10-21 1974-05-02 Kaefer Isoliertechnik Stauraum mit waermeisolierung
US3903824A (en) * 1973-12-06 1975-09-09 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Liquefied gas ship tank insulation system
DE2832108C2 (de) * 1978-07-21 1981-10-15 Kaefer Isoliertechnik Gmbh & Co Kg, 2800 Bremen Elastischer Bodenbelag

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI840535A0 (fi) 1984-02-09
KR840007617A (ko) 1984-12-08
FI840535A (fi) 1984-08-12
DE3460130D1 (en) 1986-06-19
EP0117828A1 (fr) 1984-09-05
ES529510A0 (es) 1985-04-16
PL246128A1 (en) 1984-12-17
NO840440L (no) 1984-08-13
ES8504370A1 (es) 1985-04-16
JPS59147192A (ja) 1984-08-23
DK59684D0 (da) 1984-02-10
BR8400593A (pt) 1984-09-18
FR2540967B1 (da) 1985-05-10
FR2540967A1 (fr) 1984-08-17
DK59684A (da) 1984-08-12

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