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EP0078397B1 - Récipient - Google Patents

Récipient Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0078397B1
EP0078397B1 EP82108749A EP82108749A EP0078397B1 EP 0078397 B1 EP0078397 B1 EP 0078397B1 EP 82108749 A EP82108749 A EP 82108749A EP 82108749 A EP82108749 A EP 82108749A EP 0078397 B1 EP0078397 B1 EP 0078397B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening
closure element
edge
container
container according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP82108749A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0078397A3 (en
EP0078397A2 (fr
Inventor
Rolf Florczyk
Reinhold Krischik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Florczyk Rolf
Krischik Reinhold
Original Assignee
Florczyk Rolf
Krischik Reinhold
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Florczyk Rolf, Krischik Reinhold filed Critical Florczyk Rolf
Priority to AT82108749T priority Critical patent/ATE22859T1/de
Publication of EP0078397A2 publication Critical patent/EP0078397A2/fr
Publication of EP0078397A3 publication Critical patent/EP0078397A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0078397B1 publication Critical patent/EP0078397B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D17/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions
    • B65D17/28—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness
    • B65D17/401—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness characterised by having the line of weakness provided in an end wall
    • B65D17/4012—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness characterised by having the line of weakness provided in an end wall for opening partially by means of a tearing tab
    • B65D17/4014—Rigid or semi-rigid containers specially constructed to be opened by cutting or piercing, or by tearing of frangible members or portions at lines or points of weakness characterised by having the line of weakness provided in an end wall for opening partially by means of a tearing tab and provided with attached means for reclosing or resealing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a container with an opening area arranged in a container wall, which is integrally connected to it via a break-out edge running along a predetermined breaking line and can be broken out by hand under the action of pressure, and with an actuating part connected to the opening area and overlapping the break-out edge on the outside, via which the opening area remaining in the container interior is movable relative to the opening of the container wall that has arisen.
  • the essentially horseshoe-shaped actuating part is inseparably connected to a circular opening area by means of a tongue which is notched in its central region, via a hollow rivet formed in the latter. Since the actuating part overlaps the predetermined breaking line on the outside, the opening area can be broken out on the predetermined breaking line without injuries to hands and fingers. For this purpose, however, three force transmission elements are required, which, however, essentially only permit a selective transmission of force. This selective power transmission does not ensure that the predetermined breaking line is broken over its entire length, even with thin-walled and thus elastic metal containers.
  • the predetermined breaking line is only partially broken, its unbroken part can only be broken out using a tool, but no longer by hand, since the predetermined breaking line is covered by the overlapping actuating part. Then, by hand, the opening area can only be torn open by using the actuating part as a pull tab. Then, however, the opening area must again be removed to the outside, which in turn runs counter to the task of this prior publication.
  • the subject of this document is based on a container according to DE-A-23 41 077, the opening area of which remains on the container after the predetermined breaking line has been broken and is not intended to form an independent waste product.
  • a further disadvantage of both containers is that after the predetermined breaking line has been broken open, the opening that has been created, e.g.
  • the predetermined breaking line especially in the subject of DE-A-26 23 704, can already be opened at these points due to the selective transmission of force of the transmission elements by a relatively low compressive force, which on the one hand is not immediately recognizable on the one hand and on the other hand in the case of carbonated drinks to escape which has a preserving effect, carbonic acid and thus makes the contents of the container inedible.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a container of the type mentioned, the opening area without finger injuries can be broken out in an ergonomically favorable manner over the entire length of the predetermined breaking line in the direction of the container interior and the opening that then arises before penetrating Dirt particles and insects can be protected.
  • the actuating part is designed as a closure element completely closing the opening with a circumferential closing edge region which has a closing edge geometrically similar to the shape of the breakout edge of the opening and which has a pressure edge which runs approximately parallel to the predetermined breaking line and is directed towards the opening region.
  • a pre-punched opening is associated with metallic containers, which are filled with carbonated beverages, for example, with the disadvantage that the cut edges are exposed to the corrosive liquids without protection, which leads to a corroding of the containers in a relatively short time and the liquid which emerges then to those below Container attacks on its outer surface, since the outer surface of such containers is also unprotected.
  • the purpose of the opening area connected to the container by means of a predetermined breaking line is precisely to ensure the continuity of the protective layer on the inside of the container. This is because these containers, in particular the container lids, which are provided with such opening areas, are checked in a complicated voltage measurement process to determine whether the thickness of the protective layer at all points does not fall below a certain, predetermined target value. Since punched-out opening edges cannot be covered with a new protective layer or can only be covered under unacceptable circumstances, such a container does not withstand the voltage test described above and is for the in here Intended purpose unsuitable.
  • closure element disclosed there essentially consists of a lid provided with a grip tab, which has to be inserted into a prepared, punched-out opening.
  • This container is also unsuitable for the storage of corrosive liquids for the aforementioned reasons. This is all the more true since it has additional auxiliary scribe lines near the edges of its opening. Even when this closure element is transferred to the subject matter of DE-A-26 23 704, the subject of the application does not result.
  • the breakout edge of the opening in the container wall and the closing edge region of the closure element run continuously, the closing edge region being conical in the direction of the opening.
  • the closing element is provided with a bead which is approximately parallel to the break-out edge of the opening and is shaped in the direction of the opening and the outer wall of which forms the closing edge area.
  • the opening area is advantageously connected to the closure element in an edge zone and is provided at an edge zone approximately opposite this connection point with a shape which, after breaking out and moving the opening area, engages under the container wall in a frictional and / or resilient manner.
  • the closure element connected to the opening area is held in partial and full opening position by friction and / or spring forces on the container wall, so that undesired closing of the opening during the drinking process is prevented as well as tipping, folding or possibly leading to injuries Like.
  • the closure element is advantageously connected to the closure element in an edge zone and is provided at an edge zone approximately opposite this connection point with a shape which, after breaking out and moving the opening area, engages under the container wall in a frictional and / or resilient manner.
  • any configuration is possible for the breakout edge of the opening.
  • outwardly curved guide beads are formed in the container wall, along which the closing edges of the closure element are slidably guided.
  • the outside of the container wall has at least one protrusion, over which the circumferential pressure edge of the closure element snaps over in its position which completely or partially releases the opening.
  • the closure element like the container, is made of metal, is provided on its outer circumference with a circumferential reinforcing fold and is connected to it in a known manner via a rivet formed in the opening area.
  • the closure element connected to the opening area via the rivet essentially forms a U-shaped clamping spring in order to ensure that the closure element and the opening area remain securely in place on the surrounding container wall in any position.
  • the circumferential closing edge of the closure element is covered with a sealing layer made of entropy-elastic material, e.g. with a sprayed on rubber or plastic layer.
  • the closure element can also be made of an impact-resistant and relatively rigid plastic, e.g. be made of a polystyrene, polyamide or a polyolefin, whereas the opening area and the container continue to be made of metal.
  • closure element together with the broken-out opening area it is not absolutely necessary to allow the closure element together with the broken-out opening area to be translationally displaceable, rather it is also possible to connect the closure element to the opening area in a rotationally fixed manner and to release the opening together with it, for example around the connecting rivet to make it pivotable.
  • an opening area 2 is arranged in a container wall 1, which is integrally connected to the container wall 1 via a break-out edge 4 running along a predetermined breaking line 3 and can be broken out by hand in the direction of arrows 5, 6 under the action of pressure.
  • the opening area 2 has a shaped hollow rivet 7, the rivet head 8 of which firmly connects the actuating part designed as a closure element 9 to the opening area 2.
  • the opening area 2 remaining in the container interior 10 can be displaced relative to the opening 11 (see FIG. 5) of the container wall 1 via the closure element 9.
  • the closure element 9 is provided with a circumferential closing edge region 12 which in the present case has a Z shape in cross section.
  • the closing edge region 12 On its upper leg 13, the closing edge region 12, insofar as the closure element 9 is made of metal, is provided with a circumferential reinforcing fold 14, which, however, can also be designed as a reinforcing rib, insofar as the closure element consists of a plastic.
  • the lower Z-leg 15 of the closing edge region 12 forms the circumferential pressure edge of the closure element 9 directed towards the opening region 2.
  • the region of the closing edge region 12 located between the Z-leg 13 and the Z-leg 15 forms the actual closing edge 16 of the closure element 9.
  • This closing edge 16, which extends over the entire height h between the Z-leg 13 and the pressure edge 15, is inclined at an angle a to the container wall 1 shown horizontally in the present case, which, however, can also be concave or convex curved, whereby the entire closure element 9 receives a conical formation at this closing edge 16.
  • the middle part 18 of the closure element 9 Due to the convex bulge of the middle part 18 of the closure element 9 to the outside, the latter receives a circumferential bead 17, which is formed in the area of the rivet head 8 in relation to the other bead area to form an enlarged bead area 17 '.
  • the outer wall 13, 14, 16, 15 of this bead 17 form the closing edge region 12.
  • the rivet 7 is located in an edge zone 19 of the opening area 2.
  • a convex shape 21 is provided, which after breaking out and shifting the opening area 2 5, the container wall 1 engages under friction and / or spring.
  • the closure element 9 connected to the opening area 2 via the rivet 7 essentially forms a U-shaped clamping spring 22, as is particularly clear from FIG. 4.
  • the container wall 1 has at least one projection 23 on its outside 1 ', via which the circumferential pressure edge 15 of the closure element 9 snaps over into a position that completely or partially opens the opening 11.
  • the closure element 9 is held forcefully and / or positively in this position together with the opening area 2.
  • the projection 23 is placed as far as possible that of the entire opening 11 according to FIG. 5, a small opening area 11 'is covered in an air-permeable manner as a ventilation opening by the closure element 9 and the opening area 2 in order to avoid the pouring and / or drinking process due to the relatively large size To facilitate opening 11.
  • closure element 9 can be pushed together with the opening area 2 in the direction of arrow 24 according to FIG. 5 into its closed position and then pressed down in the direction of arrow 5, whereby the circumferential closing edge 16 comes into sealing contact with the breakout edge 4.
  • This sealing system can be achieved on the one hand with an elastic change in shape of the edge area in the vicinity of the break-out edge 4 or else in that the peripheral closing edge 16 is provided with a thin, sprayed-on layer made of an entropy-elastic material such as rubber or plastic.
  • the breakout edge 4 has known, wedge-shaped side edges 25, 26 with rounded end edge regions 28, 29. Parallel to the side edges 25, 26, convex outwardly curved guide beads 30, 31 are formed in the container wall 1, along which the opposite closing edges 16 of the closure element 9 are slidably guided, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 7.
  • the breakout edge 4 is designed as a known oval shape 27 with parallel side edges 32, 33 and semicircular end edge regions 34, 35.
  • two pairs of guide beads 36, 37 and 38, 39 in the container wall 1 are convexly shaped to guide the closure element 9, the closing edges 16 (see FIG. 9) being slidably guided only on the guide beads 38, 39, whereas the guide beads 36, 37 are at a greater distance from one another, and the outer edge of the Z-shaped leg 13 or the reinforcing fold 14 are guided along them, since at this point the closure element 9 can be pressed into the opening 11 in the direction of the arrow 5 got to.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is shown, in which the closure element 9 together with the opening area 2 connected to it via the rivet 7, in contrast to the previously described embodiments, cannot be moved, but in the direction of arrow 40 about the longitudinal axis of symmetry 41 of the rivet 7 is designed to be pivotable around the pivot point.
  • the beads 42, 43 which are also convex or concave in the container wall 1, are to be understood as latching beads.
  • the particular advantage of the new container is based on the one hand that the opening area 2 at every point of the predetermined breaking line 3 to release the breakout edge 4 by applying a punctually acting, e.g. can be broken out with the thumb of the hand in question, but on the other hand the predetermined breaking line 3 can be made so strong that when applied to the entire surface, e.g. 18, the locking element 9 acting force does not break out - accidentally and undesirably - of the opening area 2 due to the uniform force distribution.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
  • Table Devices Or Equipment (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Containers Opened By Tearing Frangible Portions (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Claims (15)

1. Récipient comportant, dans l'une de ses parois (1), une zone d'ouverture (2), qui est reliée au reste de la paroi, sans solution de continuité du matériau, par un bord de rupture (4) situé le long d'une ligne de rupture obligée (3) et peut être arrachée par une pression exercée à la main, et une partie de manoeuvre (9), qui est reliée à la zone d'ouverture (2) et arrive à l'extérieur jusqu'audessus du bord de rupture (4) et par l'intermédiaire de laquelle la zone d'ouverture (2) qui reste dans l'espace intérieur (10) du récipient peut être déplacée par rapport à l'ouverture (11) réalisée dans la paroi (1) du récipient, caractérisé en ce que la partie de manoeuvre est constituée par une élément de fermeture (9) qui obture complètement l'ouverture (11) et comprend une zone de bord de fermeture périphérique (12) qui comporte une nervure de fermeture (16) ayant une géométrie analogue à la forme du bord de rupture (4) de l'ouverture (11) et une nervure de pression (15) périphérique qui est à peu près parallèle à la ligne de rupture obligée (3) et fait saillie du côté de la zone d'ouverture (2).
2. Récipient selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le bord de rupture (4) de l'ouverture (11) ménagée dans la paroi (2) du récipient et la zone du bord de fermeture périphérique (12) de l'éle- ment de fermeture (9) s'étendent d'une manière continue sur la périphérie et que cet élément (12) a la forme d'une cône s'amincissant en direction de l'ouverture (11).
3. Récipient selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de fermeture (9) comporte une moulure (17, 17'), réalisée par formage du côté de l'ouverture (11), qui s'étend sur la périphérie à peu près parallèlement au bord de rupture (4) de l'ouverture (11) et dont la paroi extérieure (13, 14, 16, 15) constitue la zone du bord de fermeture (12).
4. Récipient selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de fermeture (9) peut être enfoncé en direction de l'espace intérieur (10) du récipient avec arrachement simultané de la zone d'ouverture (2) au niveau de la ligne de rupture obligée (3).
5. Récipient selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la zone d'ouverture (2) est reliée, dans une zone marginale (19), à l'élément de fermeture (9) et comporte, dans une zone marginale (20) située à peu près en face de la zone de liaison en question, une zone modifiée par formage (21) qui, après l'arrachement et le déplacement de la zone d'ouverture (2) s'applique par en-dessous, avec serrage dû au frottement et/ou élastiquement, contre la paroi (1) du récipient.
6. Récipient selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le bord de rupture (4) de l'ouverture comporte des bords latéraux (25, 26) connus qui se rapprochent l'une de l'autre en formant un coin et des bords d'extrémité arrondis (28, 29).
7. Récipient selon les revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le bord de rupture (4) de l'ouverture (11) a la forme d'un ovale connu comportant des bordes latéraux (32, 33) parallèles l'une à l'autre et des bords d'extrémité semi- circulaires (34, 35).
8. Récipient selon les revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que, parallèlement aux bords latéraux (25, 26 ou 32, 33) de l'ouverture (11), il comporte des moulures de guidage (30, 31, 38, 39) qui sont réalisées par formage du côté extérieur de la paroi (1) du récipient et le long desquelles les bords de fermeture (16) de l'élément de fermeture (9) sont guidées pour se déplacer en glissant.
9. Récipient selon les revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la paroi (1) du récipient comporte, sur sa face extérieur (1 '), au moins une saillie (23) sur laquelle s'engage la nervure de pression (15) de l'élément de fermeture (9) lorsqu'il est dans sa position dans laquelle il dégage complètement ou partiellement l'ouverture (11).
10. Récipient selon les revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé ce que l'élément de fermeture (9) est en métal, comporte à sa périphérie un repli de renforcement (14) et est relié à la zone d'ouverture (2) par une saillie en forme de rivet (7) réalisée par formage dans la zone d'ouverture (2).
11. Récipient selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de fermeture (9) relié à la zone d'ouverture (2) par l'intermédiaire du rivet (7) constitue un ressort de serrage (22) essentiellement en form d'U.
12. Récipient selon les revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le bord de fermeture (16) de l'élément de fermeture (9) comporte une couche d'étanchéité constituée par un matériau élastique comme le caoutchouc ou une matière plastique.
13. Récipient selon les revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de fermeture (9) comporte une partie permettant la prise ayant par exemple la forme d'une languette de prise ou d'un bouton de prise réalisé par formage.
14. Récipient selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de fermeture (9) est constitué par une matière plastique résistant aux chocs et assez bien à la flexion, par exemple par du polystyrol, un polyamide ou une polyoléfine.
15. Récipient selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de fermeture (9) est relié à la zone d'ouverture (2) sans possibilité de rotation relative et peut pivoter en même temps qu'elle pour dégager l'ouverture (11).
EP82108749A 1981-10-29 1982-09-22 Récipient Expired EP0078397B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT82108749T ATE22859T1 (de) 1981-10-29 1982-09-22 Behaelter.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3142837 1981-10-29
DE3142837A DE3142837C1 (de) 1981-10-29 1981-10-29 Behaelter

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0078397A2 EP0078397A2 (fr) 1983-05-11
EP0078397A3 EP0078397A3 (en) 1984-03-28
EP0078397B1 true EP0078397B1 (fr) 1986-10-15

Family

ID=6145068

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP82108749A Expired EP0078397B1 (fr) 1981-10-29 1982-09-22 Récipient

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4434906A (fr)
EP (1) EP0078397B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5882845A (fr)
AT (1) ATE22859T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3142837C1 (fr)
ES (1) ES516903A0 (fr)

Families Citing this family (18)

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ES2003394A6 (es) * 1986-10-20 1988-11-01 Carnaud Envases Sa Util para abrir un envase con tapa de facil apertura
US4982862A (en) * 1989-04-14 1991-01-08 Aluminum Company Of America Digitally openable, resealable container closure
US4946061A (en) * 1989-09-25 1990-08-07 Shell Oil Company Reclosable opening device for a container
US5102020A (en) * 1990-01-03 1992-04-07 Walker Brian F Manifest container for carrying documents with a railroad car
DE9106042U1 (de) * 1991-05-13 1991-09-12 Pasewald, Eckhard, O-1130 Berlin Mehrmals wiederverschließbarer Aufreißdeckel, insbesondere aus Metall, für leicht zu öffnende Behälter, insbesondere Dosen zur Verpackung vorzugsweise kohlensäurehaltiger Getränke
US5507408A (en) * 1993-10-05 1996-04-16 Sage Products, Inc. Disposal container with locking closure
ES2142723B1 (es) * 1997-04-18 2000-11-16 Caselles Genoveva Maria Serra Sistema de cierre y apertura para botes.
US7850037B2 (en) 2004-10-08 2010-12-14 Dixie Consumer Products Llc Reclosable lid having a slidable closure panel
US7845510B2 (en) * 2004-10-08 2010-12-07 Dixie Consumer Products Llc Reclosable cup lid with sliding closure member
USD533779S1 (en) 2004-10-08 2006-12-19 Fort James Corporation Reclosable cup lid
US7874447B2 (en) 2004-10-08 2011-01-25 Dixie Consumer Products Llc Reclosable cup lid with sliding member and scalloped track
GB2426970A (en) * 2005-06-11 2006-12-13 Richard Evenson Reclosable container such as a drink can
AT509391B1 (de) * 2010-02-11 2012-01-15 Gutmann Heimo Wiederverschliessbare getränkedose
EP2546159B1 (fr) 2011-07-12 2016-04-20 Heimo Gutmann Récipient refermable
US20160001960A1 (en) * 2014-07-07 2016-01-07 Dart Industries Inc. Container cover with pour spout and spoon
US20160059988A1 (en) * 2014-09-03 2016-03-03 Nahum Kaziev Can cover
EP3753863A1 (fr) * 2018-06-19 2020-12-23 Top Cap Holding GmbH Couvercle de boîte métallique
ES2745349A1 (es) * 2018-08-28 2020-02-28 Caselles Genoveva Serra Dispositivo para apertura y cierre de botes con tapa de cierre deslizante

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3236409A (en) * 1964-07-06 1966-02-22 United States Steel Corp Push-in can-end closure with holding means
US3424338A (en) * 1967-06-19 1969-01-28 Sidney Kazel Resealable can
US3438542A (en) * 1968-06-04 1969-04-15 Goldie F Feld Can opening and sealing device
BE790028A (fr) * 1971-10-19 1973-04-13 Aluminum Co Of America Procede de fabrication d'une paroi metallique stratifiee de recipient pourvue d'un dispositif d'ouverture, et paroi metallique stratifiee de recipient fabriquee par ce procede
US3880319A (en) * 1972-01-10 1975-04-29 Smw Atlanta Inc Container with reclosure apparatus
DE2341074B2 (de) * 1973-08-10 1976-10-21 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Messeinrichtung fuer die spannung zwischen einem innenleiter und dem aussenrohr einer gekapselten hochspannungsschaltanlage
US3970211A (en) * 1975-04-21 1976-07-20 Continental Can Company, Inc. Non-removable tab connection
US4003493A (en) * 1975-05-27 1977-01-18 Wells Robert A Easy-open container with nondetachable opening member
US4023703A (en) * 1975-05-27 1977-05-17 Strobe Carl J Easy-open container with flange push-in member
DE3003804C2 (de) * 1980-02-02 1984-06-20 Fried. Krupp Gmbh, 4300 Essen Aufreißdeckel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5882845A (ja) 1983-05-18
ES8307180A1 (es) 1983-06-16
DE3142837C1 (de) 1983-04-21
EP0078397A3 (en) 1984-03-28
ATE22859T1 (de) 1986-11-15
EP0078397A2 (fr) 1983-05-11
US4434906A (en) 1984-03-06
ES516903A0 (es) 1983-06-16

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