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EP0000734B2 - Procédé de fabrication de barres ou tubes avec un profil invariable en matière renforcée de fibres - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de barres ou tubes avec un profil invariable en matière renforcée de fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0000734B2
EP0000734B2 EP78100512A EP78100512A EP0000734B2 EP 0000734 B2 EP0000734 B2 EP 0000734B2 EP 78100512 A EP78100512 A EP 78100512A EP 78100512 A EP78100512 A EP 78100512A EP 0000734 B2 EP0000734 B2 EP 0000734B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
impregnated
fibers
profiles
wrapped
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP78100512A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0000734A1 (fr
EP0000734B1 (fr
Inventor
Lothar Dr. Preis
Rolf-Joachim Förster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6015811&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0000734(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of EP0000734A1 publication Critical patent/EP0000734A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0000734B1 publication Critical patent/EP0000734B1/fr
Publication of EP0000734B2 publication Critical patent/EP0000734B2/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/0003—Producing profiled members, e.g. beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/205—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
    • B29C70/207—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration arranged in parallel planes of fibres crossing at substantial angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
    • C08J5/247—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using fibres of at least two types
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/16—Rigid pipes wound from sheets or strips, with or without reinforcement

Definitions

  • the processes differ in the type of impregnation, the shape and the hardening.
  • Nozzle constructions made of high-quality tool steels are customary for the shaping, which are heated with steam, oil or electrically and whose sliding surfaces to reduce friction and wear have multiple coated surface layers, e.g. B. hard chrome plating.
  • B. hard chrome plating e.g. B. hard chrome plating.
  • With such shaping tools relatively difficult profiles can be produced. It has been shown in practice that the use of such complex tools requires a very precise coordination of all system components.
  • a number of reactive resins can e.g. B. because of their reactivity or because of the frictional conditions despite the use of release agents in the large nozzle lengths required for exact shaping not be used.
  • the object of the invention is to generate the constant profile without a shaping unit.
  • the solution is that the impregnated strands for profiling without shaping unit immediately after impregnation or in the area of a pre-curing section with shrinkable fibers or monofilaments made of polyamides, thermoplastic polyesters, polycarbonates, polyacrylonitrile, modacrylic, polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol or polyurethane braided, the shrinkage forces are released in the subsequent pre-curing or curing process.
  • fiber materials are used in a conventional manner, e.g. B. impregnated in a drinking bath with a liquid reactive resin, the resin content being adjusted by means of nozzles, rollers or similar devices which correspond to the prior art.
  • the impregnation of the impregnated fiber material with the appropriate fiber materials after impregnation according to the invention can be carried out immediately after the fiber strands have left the impregnation bath. In some cases it is also advantageous to carry out the wrapping only after a pre-curing process - but always in the liquid phase of the reactive resin.
  • the actual hardening takes place in the usual way, for. B. by convective heat transfer, heat radiation or by microwave in a heating channel.
  • conventional winding machines are suitable, e.g. B.
  • diagonal winding machines such as those used for the production of reinforced hoses, or machines used for the production of insulation in the winding or in Braiding processes can be used.
  • Machines for wrapping wires e.g. guitar strings are also suitable.
  • the impregnated fiber material can be wrapped in the form of circumferential windings with a small pitch. Screw windings with gradients that can be set within wide limits are also possible. Another type of wrapping is the application of diagonal (cross) windings. Common braiding processes are also suitable for applying the organic fibers to the impregnated fiber strands.
  • An essential feature of the method according to the invention is that by wrapping with stretched or pre-oriented or textured organic fibers, in contrast to wrapping with inorganic fibers, profiles with exact circular cross sections without using a shaping unit, e.g. B. a shaping nozzle can be generated.
  • the impregnated strands can be wrapped on an inner form with the fibers or monofilaments and hardened into closed hollow profiles without any further outer form.
  • profile production is that by wrapping a flat impregnated strand of fiber material with stretched and / or pre-oriented or textured organic fibers, flat profiles or angle profiles can be produced in a simple manner only by using a roll calibration.
  • microwave curing is particularly advantageously possible, since the impregnated fiber strands can absorb the radiation without weakening over relatively long distances.
  • inorganic fibers can also be applied as additional reinforcements for wrapping the impregnated fiber materials.
  • the shaping effect achieved by wrapping the impregnated fiber materials with stretched and / or pre-oriented or textured organic fibers or monofilaments is based, in addition to a uniform application of the winding, in particular on the fact that during the pre-hardening or hardening process, shrinkage forces are released which are caused by proportion, type, Degree of stretching and / or pre-orientation and / or texturing and the geometric arrangement of the organic fibers can be determined.
  • the organic fibers are selected so that the shrinkage forces take effect before the gel phase of the reaction resin used is reached.
  • the shrinkage forces occurring depend not only on the type of fiber material used, but also on the proportion (coverage) and on the degree of stretching and / or the pre-orientation as well as on the geometric arrangement of the organic fibers on the profile to be wrapped.
  • the shrinking forces of the organic fibers can also be used specifically to achieve high fiber contents with an almost ideal longitudinal orientation of the reinforcing fibers and to air-free profiles that have a largely homogeneous fiber distribution. This results in significant increases in module and strength of the profile with significantly improved reproducibility of these values. In processes with external shaping, such fiber contents and strengths and orientations cannot be achieved due to the frictional forces that occur.
  • the strength transverse to the longitudinal direction of the profile is particularly significantly improved in the case of predominantly unidirectionally reinforced profiles.
  • the notch sensitivity of the profiles produced in this way is significantly reduced by the wrapping with organic fibers.
  • Targeted and generally significant improvements in the bending and torsional rigidity of any symmetrical profiles can be by wrapping impregnated fiber materials in such a way that both suitable organic fibers and primarily inorganic fibers are used for wrapping.
  • the advantage of impregnation of the additionally applied fibers can be combined with the advantage of gaining rigidity without further impregnation bath simply by the shrinking effect of the organic fibers that occurs.
  • the wrapping with both types of fibers can be carried out in separate process steps, particularly advantageously but simultaneously.
  • the method according to the invention also makes it possible to impregnate several individual strands with different impregnating resins, to combine them by wrapping them and to harden them into a uniform fiber composite material.
  • a uniform fiber composite material is obtained in that the shrinkage forces released during hardening combine the individual fiber strands into a profile with a homogeneous fiber distribution but different matrix materials.
  • the resin excess generated on the profile surface by the shrinking forces of the stretched or pre-oriented and / or textured organic fibers can serve, as already described, for the complete impregnation of further fiber materials.
  • decorative profiles can be created by using differently colored fiber materials as well as profiled surfaces.
  • the type, proportion, degree of stretch and geometric orientation of the organic fibers can be used to adjust the excess resin such that additionally applied fiber materials are only partially impregnated.
  • the wrapping material is selected as similar as possible to the thermoplastic used.
  • the claimed method is suitable for fiber composites made of glass fibers, organic fibers, carbon fibers and metal fibers.
  • the fibers can e.g. B. in the form of fiber strands such as yarns, filament yarns, twists, rovings and filaments etc. or as a textile fabric and / or as a fiber mat.
  • Suitable matrix materials are e.g. B. reaction resins such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, methacrylate resins, polyurethane resins, novolak resins, polybismaleinimides or cyanate resins, the heat of which during the curing process, or whose curing temperatures exceed values at which the organic fibers used shrink.
  • reaction resins such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, methacrylate resins, polyurethane resins, novolak resins, polybismaleinimides or cyanate resins, the heat of which during the curing process, or whose curing temperatures exceed values at which the organic fibers used shrink.
  • Stretched and / or pre-oriented and / or textured organic fibers or monofilaments made from polyamides, thermoplastic polyesters, polycarbonates, polyacrylonitrile, modacrylic, polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose and regenerated cellulose, cellulose esters or polyvinyl alcohol and polyurethane fibers are suitable as materials for wrapping the impregnated fiber materials .
  • the shrinking temperature of the organic fibers depends on the starting polymer and the conditions during fiber production and stretching or texturing.
  • a suitable organic fiber must be selected according to the curing conditions of the matrix material used, as already described.
  • Profiles that are produced by the method according to the invention are suitable with their homogeneous fiber arrangement, the high fiber contents and their freedom from cavities and similar imperfections as well as with their resin-rich or their pure resin surfaces due to their strengths for the reinforcement of concrete as tension wires or tensioning ropes, whereby advantageous the improved possibilities for applying force, the reduced notch sensitivity and the increased transverse strength of predominantly unidirectionally reinforced profiles come into play.
  • a particular advantage when used outdoors is the high weather resistance of the profiles thanks to their pure resin surface.
  • glass fiber strands were impregnated with polyester resin and, after leaving the impregnation bath, were wound with an outlet nozzle of 10 mm 0 with e-glass spun threads of 3100 dtex and polyester (PETP) filament yarn, consisting of 34 single filaments, a total titer of 167 dtex and a (stretch) aspect ratio of 1: 4 in equal proportions.
  • PETP polyethylene glycol
  • the coverage was chosen to be 100% in one position by means of screw windings with a pitch of 15 °. After curing at temperatures between 160 and 1950 C, a perfect round profile without longitudinal cracks was obtained.
  • notch tests were carried out on approximately 15 mm long profile sections with the stamp of a conventional bending testing machine (tip radius 1 mm) and compression tests between flat plates, the profile axis being arranged perpendicular to the direction of force was. Compared to the non-wrapped comparative bar, the breaking loads were about 35% higher. In the pressure test between flat plates, an average of 15% higher values were achieved compared to the comparison rod. Tensile tests based on DIN 53 455 showed approx. 10% higher strength compared to a comparison bar with approx.
  • Example 1 carbon fiber strands were soaked in a resin bath and the fiber content was adjusted in a rectangular nozzle with a cross section of 20 ⁇ 2 mm. After the fiber bundle emerged from the nozzle, the fiber strand with a cross winding at ⁇ 75 ° to the longitudinal axis of the rod was wrapped with perlon yarn consisting of 18 individual filaments and a total titer of 67 dtex stretch ratio 1: 2.8 with a coverage of about 30% and after a pre-hardening stretch three pairs of rollers calibrated, the profile was covered on both sides with siliconized paper, and then hardened. A profile with a smooth surface and rounded edges was obtained. It shows thickness fluctuations of 2% over the length, the profile surfaces were parallel to each other. The profile was completely free of longitudinal cracks.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (2)

1. Procédé pour la fabrication de tiges ou tubes de profil constant en matières composites fibreuses, dans lequel des écheveaux de produits fibreux imprégnés en continu par des résines réactives liquides sont enveloppés ou tressés avec des fibres ou monofilaments ainsi que totalement durcis dans un trajet de durcissement, caractérisé en ce que, pour le profilage sans unité de formage, les écheveaux imprégnés sont enveloppés ou tressés directement après l'imprégnation ou dans le domaine d'un trajet de prédurcissement, avec des fibres ou monofilaments rétrécissables en polyamides, polyesters, thermoplastiques, polycarbonates, polyacrylonitrile, »Modacryl«, polyoléfines, chlorure de poly- vinyle, polytétrafluoroéthylène, alcool polyvinylique ou polyuréthanne dont les forces de contraction sont libérées dans le processus ultérieur de prédurcissement ou de durcissement.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les écheveaux imprégnés sont enroulés sur une forme interne avec les fibres ou monofilaments et durcis en profilés creux fermés sans autre forme externe.
EP78100512A 1977-08-06 1978-07-26 Procédé de fabrication de barres ou tubes avec un profil invariable en matière renforcée de fibres Expired EP0000734B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19772735538 DE2735538A1 (de) 1977-08-06 1977-08-06 Profile aus faser-verbundwerkstoffen
DE2735538 1977-08-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0000734A1 EP0000734A1 (fr) 1979-02-21
EP0000734B1 EP0000734B1 (fr) 1980-07-23
EP0000734B2 true EP0000734B2 (fr) 1985-04-17

Family

ID=6015811

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP78100512A Expired EP0000734B2 (fr) 1977-08-06 1978-07-26 Procédé de fabrication de barres ou tubes avec un profil invariable en matière renforcée de fibres

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5047104A (fr)
EP (1) EP0000734B2 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5429376A (fr)
DE (2) DE2735538A1 (fr)
IT (1) IT1105395B (fr)

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DE3407017A1 (de) * 1984-02-27 1985-08-29 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Geschuetzte spannglieder in beton
JPS6128092A (ja) * 1984-07-11 1986-02-07 東京製綱繊維ロ−プ株式会社 複合線条体およびその製造方法
DE3616445C1 (en) * 1986-05-15 1987-08-20 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag Corrosion-resistant pipe consisting of concrete/polymer composite
GB9015149D0 (en) * 1990-07-10 1990-08-29 Shaw John Ltd Fibre reinforced plastic composites
US5749211A (en) * 1992-11-06 1998-05-12 Nippon Steel Corporation Fiber-reinforced plastic bar and production method thereof
US5628473A (en) * 1993-12-03 1997-05-13 Emhart Inc. Methods of and apparatus for applying strands to a support
AU1938395A (en) * 1994-03-04 1995-09-18 Mentor Corporation Self-sealing injection sites and method of manufacture
US5763042A (en) * 1994-06-28 1998-06-09 Reichhold Chemicals, Inc. Reinforcing structural rebar and method of making the same
US5876553A (en) * 1994-06-28 1999-03-02 Marshall Industries Composites, Inc. Apparatus for forming reinforcing structural rebar
BR9508169A (pt) * 1994-06-28 1997-12-23 Marshall Ind Composites Aparelho para formar rebarra estrutural de reforço
DE19512521A1 (de) * 1995-04-04 1996-10-10 Coia Gmbh Verfahren für die kontinuierliche Herstellung von verstärkten nichtmetallischen Stützelementen
BR9712494A (pt) 1996-10-07 1999-10-19 Marshall Ind Composites Produto compósito reforçado e aparelho e método para sua produção
US6048598A (en) * 1997-12-17 2000-04-11 Balaba Concrete Supply, Inc. Composite reinforcing member
DE69918247T2 (de) * 1998-11-23 2005-07-21 Belmont Textile Machinery Co., Inc. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Umwickeln, teilweisen Färben und Auswickeln von Garnen
DE10025628A1 (de) 2000-05-24 2001-11-29 Sgl Carbon Ag Abwickelbare Bauteile aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen, Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und deren Verwendung
US6686522B2 (en) 2000-06-22 2004-02-03 Shinko Corporation Musical instrument with a body made of polyurethane foam
DE102007038932A1 (de) * 2007-08-13 2009-02-26 Technische Universität Dresden Textil-Matrix-Verbund
DE102011015160A1 (de) * 2011-03-26 2012-09-27 Daimler Ag Faserverbundkunststoffteil und Herstellungsverfahren
CN116411676A (zh) 2018-11-19 2023-07-11 欧文斯科宁知识产权资产有限公司 复合钢筋
WO2020172469A1 (fr) * 2019-02-20 2020-08-27 Tamko Building Products, Inc. Mat hybride continu non tissé de fibres de polyester et de fils de fibre de verre
CN113861376A (zh) 2020-06-30 2021-12-31 科思创德国股份有限公司 用于制备复合材料的聚氨酯组合物

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US2652093A (en) * 1949-03-02 1953-09-15 Gates Rubber Co Method of making reinforced rubber hose
US2751237A (en) * 1952-11-10 1956-06-19 Edwin E Conley Hollow fiber reinforced resin products such as pipe fittings with molded internal threads and method of making same
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5429376A (en) 1979-03-05
IT1105395B (it) 1985-10-28
EP0000734A1 (fr) 1979-02-21
US5047104A (en) 1991-09-10
EP0000734B1 (fr) 1980-07-23
IT7850602A0 (it) 1978-08-04
DE2735538C2 (fr) 1989-04-27
DE2735538A1 (de) 1979-02-15
JPS61178B2 (fr) 1986-01-07
DE2860070D1 (en) 1980-11-13

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