DK177765B1 - Ny katalysator design og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af damp-reformeringskatalysatorer - Google Patents
Ny katalysator design og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af damp-reformeringskatalysatorer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DK177765B1 DK177765B1 DK200801353A DKPA200801353A DK177765B1 DK 177765 B1 DK177765 B1 DK 177765B1 DK 200801353 A DK200801353 A DK 200801353A DK PA200801353 A DKPA200801353 A DK PA200801353A DK 177765 B1 DK177765 B1 DK 177765B1
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- DK
- Denmark
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- surface area
- coating
- washcoat
- sintering
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical class [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001785 cerium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 6
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 magnesium aluminate Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 3
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003446 platinum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910003450 rhodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018404 Al2 O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052575 non-oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011225 non-oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxorhodium Chemical compound [Rh]=O SJLOMQIUPFZJAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Al]=O KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000505 Al2TiO5 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005102 attenuated total reflection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001922 gold oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013208 measuring procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003445 palladium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J33/00—Protection of catalysts, e.g. by coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/34—Mechanical properties
- B01J35/36—Mechanical strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional monoliths
- B01J35/57—Honeycombs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0242—Coating followed by impregnation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
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Description
i DK 177765 B1
Ny katalysator design og fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af dampreformeringskatalysatorer
Opfindelsen angår en hidtil ukendt katalysatorudformning med stort overfladeareal. Opfindelsen angår yderligere et fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af de nye katalysatorer og anvendelsen deraf i damp-reformeringsreaktioner, ATR og i katalytiske partielle oxidationsreaktioner (CPOX).
Dampreformering er den mest udbredte fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af hydrogen-rig syntesegas fra lette carbonhydrider og damp. De stoffer, der anvendes, såsom for eksempel naturgas, LPG, naphtha og også metan omdannes endotermisk med damp til syntesegas med højt hydrogenindhold i katalytiske reaktorer. Proces- og røggasvarme anvendes for eksempel til dampudvikling eller forvarmning af forskellige processer og vandløb. Denne proces sker for det meste i store anlæg ved temperaturer på omkring 550 til 900 °C og et tryk fra ca 25 til 60 bar og ved ATR (autotermisk reformering), selv op til 80 bar.
Den generelle reaktionsligning til en sådan omstilling er:
CnHm + n H20 => n C02 + (n + m/2) H2
For eksempel en damp-reformeringsreaktion af methan kan nævnes: (1) CH4 + H20 —> CO + 3H2 Δ H = + 49.2 kcal/mol (2) CO + H20 -> C02 + H2 Δ H = - 9.8 kcal/mol
Den første reaktion er en stærkt endoterm reaktion, som normalt kræver en reformerende katalysator (fx en Ni-katalysator).
Det andet trin, den exoterme katalytiske reaktion af den resulterende carbonmonoxid med damp, er også benævnt shift-reaktionen.
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Et problem med damp-reformering reaktioner med konventionelle katalysator geometri, for eksempel i fast leje eller rørreaktorer, er minimering af trykfaldet. Med små katalysatorer med stort overfladeareal, er trykfaldet ofte øget af katalysatoren pakning, som et resultat af hvilket udbyttet af reaktionen falder. I dampreformering er varmetilførslen også en begrænsende faktor (endoterm reaktion). Katalysatorbærere med god varmeledningsevne er derfor ønskelig. Dette kan for eksempel opnås ved anvendelse af varmeledende keramik (f.eks. SiC) eller ved tilsætning af metalpulver (fx nikkel) til den keramiske blanding (keramik/metal komposit), før det sprøjtestøbes.
For reduktion af trykfaldet blev cylindriske hule legemer (Raschig ringe) tidligere anvendt som katalysatorer. For alligevel at opnå en tilstrækkelig stor overflade blev der gjort forsøg på at gøre væggene i disse hule cylindre tyndere, som for eksempel beskrevet i US 4,089,941 A, US 4,233,187A, GB 1,513,544 og FR 2,375,138. Men dette fører til faldende mekanisk stabilitet af sådanne katalysatorer.
For at opnå en tilstrækkelig mekanisk stabilitet, beskriver for eksempel EP 0 192 314 A1 en katalysator i form af en sadel fremstillet af en kalcineret calciumaluminat cementblanding. Det reaktive overfladeareal af en sådan katalysator er imidlertid begrænset, som i tilfældet med de hule cylindre.
En anden velkendt konventionel katalysator for dampreforming er G-90 LDP fra firmaet Siid-Chemie AG, som for eksempel beskrevet i WO 2006/016.983 A2. Den er fremstillet i en kostbar flertrinsproces. En sådan katalysator har ligeledes den ulempe, at størrelsen af den udvendige overflade, hvor den katalytiske reaktion foregår, er begrænset.
Således ville det være ønskeligt med en katalysator, der tilvejebringer et stort overfladeareal til kemiske reaktioner, med høj mekanisk holdbarhed og som også er enkel at fremstille.
Dette problem løses ved hjælp af en katalysator med stort overfladeareal, hvor det store overfladeareal er dannet af et stort antal parallelle gennemtrængende huller med rundt eller polygonalt tværsnit, hvor katalysatoren indeholder mindst et sintringsegnet materiale og har en lateral trykstyrke på mindst 700 N, og det store overfladeareal opnås ved sprøjtestøbning af det mindst ene sintringsegnede materiale i en sprøjtestøbeform og har en kalcineret honeycomb formet struktur, der har 10 til 300 klare gennemtrængende huller 3 DK 177765 B1 pr cm2 fladeområde, og hvori det mindst ene sintringsegnede materiale er valgt blandt metaloxider og/eller keramik og udgør 10 til 99 vægtprocent baseret på vægten af katalysatoren.
Det store overfladeareal opnås ved en sprøjtestøbning af det mindst ene sintringsegnede materiale i en sprøjtestøbeform, hvor sprøjtestøbningsprocessen tillader enhver ønsket udformning. Udtrykket "stort overfladeareal " i det foreliggende tilfælde betyder, at strukturen har 10-300 gennemtrængende huller pr cm2 fladeareal.
Således omfatter omfanget af opfindelsen også en fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en katalysator med honeycomb-formet struktur, der har en lateral trykstyrke på mindst 700 N, omfattende trinnene: a) Formaling af et sintringsegnet materiale til et pulver, hvor sintringsegnede materiale er valgt blandt metaloxider og/eller keramik ; b) Behandling af det sintringsegnede materiale med et dispergeringsmiddel; c) Opvarmning og blanding af den resulterende sammensætning for således at opnå en plastisk blanding; d) Injektion af den plastiske blanding i en sprøjtestøbeform, således at en honeycomb -formet struktur, der har 10 til 300 klare gennemtrængende huller pr cm2 flade område dannes; e) Køling, fjernelse fra formen og kalcinering af blandingen til dannelse af en katalysator, hvori det sintringsegnede materiale udgør 10 til 99 vægtprocent baseret på vægten af katalysatoren.
Om nødvendigt kan et varmeledende materiale, fx et metal, såsom nikkel, etc. tilsættes til det sintringsegnede materiale.
Blandingen af sammensætningen, dvs det sintringsegnede materiale med dispergeringsmidlet, udføres fortrinsvis med opvarmning ved 30 til 150 °C. Dispergeringsmidlet tjener til at gøre det muligt at konvertere det sintringsegnede materiale og de andre komponenter til en plastisk blanding. Det foretrukne dispergeringsmiddel er paraffinolie, men andre dispergeringsmidler, såsom polyolefin voksblandinger, polyalkoholer, polyvinylalkoholer, osv., kan også anvendes.
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Opvarmning og blanding af sammensætningen for at opnå den plastiske blanding kan mest enkelt udføres i en ekstruder, som et resultat af hvilket en meget homogen blanding opnåes. Alternativt er andre fremgangsmåder, for eksempel i en blander, en mølle eller æltningsenhed er også anvendelige.
Sprøjtestøbeformen er her udformet således, at den honeycomb-formede struktur af katalysatoren har 10 til 300, fortrinsvis 20 til 250, og særligt foretrukket 25-225, klare gennemtrængende huller pr cm2 flade område. Katalysatorer med stort overfladeareal er fortrinsvis vertikale cirkulære cylindre, hvor diameteren af cylinderen er 5 til 25 mm, navnlig 10 til 20 mm, især 10 til 19 mm , og højden af cylinderen 5 til 25 mm, navnlig 10 til 16 mm. Imidlertid er alle mulige tænkelige former anvendelige til sprøjtestøbningen. Tværsnittene af de gennemtrængende huller kan gøres runde, trekantede, rektangulære og/eller sekskantede.
Den mindst ene sintringsegnede materiale til katalysatoren er et metaloxid og/eller en keramik. Det mindst ene sintringsegnet materiale er fortrinsvis udvalgt fra et aluminat, silicat, titanat fra titandioxid, aluminiumoxid, magnesiumoxid, zirconiumoxid, aluminiumoxid-titanat, piezo-keramik, teknisk porcelæn, steatit, cordierit, mullit keramik, carbider, siliciumcarbid, borcarbid, nitrider, siliciumnitrid, aluminiumnitrid, silicium aluminium-oxynitrid, calciumaluminat, kalium aluminat eller magnesiumaluminat eller kombinationer af ovennævnte.
Keramikker er mest foretrukne. Oxid keramik indeholder oftest mere end 90% af enfasede eller enkelt komponent metaloxider. De vigtigste repræsentanter aluminiumoxid (AI2O3), magnesiumoxid (MgO), zirconiumoxid (Zr02), aluminium titanate (AI2T1O5) og piezo-keramik. Silikat keramik indbefatter for eksempel tekniske porcelæner steatit, cordierit og mullit keramik. De vigtigste komponenter er ler og kaolin, og feldspat og fedtsten som silikat bærere. Desuden er mulige ikke-oxid keramik. Gruppen af ikke-oxid keramik omfatter for eksempel karbider (siliciumcarbider med forskellige produktionsprocesser, bor carbider) og nitrider (siliciumnitrid, aluminiumnitrid, silicium aluminium oxynitrid). Et højt indhold af kovalente bindinger bibringer meget gode mekaniske egenskaber af disse materialer, selv ved høje temperaturer.
Det sintringsegnede materiale udgør 10 til 99 vægtprocent, især fortrinsvis 50 til 95 vægt % baseret på vægten af katalysatoren.
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Katalysatoren kan også indeholde et bindemiddel. Egnede bindemidler er for eksempel kaolin, ler eller flusmidler. Bindemidlet kan også være en sol, fx en sol af nano-partikler af Al203 (f.eks Disperal® fra Sasol) eller Zr02 (for eksempel Zr acetat fra Mel Chemicals, NYACOL® produkter). Også foretrukket er ceriumoxid soler (f.eks von Nyacol), siliciumdioxid soler (f.eks Kostrosol®) og titandioxid soler (fx fra Sachleben Chemie). Soler er forstås klare opløsninger, som indeholder nanopartikler i størrelsesområdet på omkring 2-50 nm. De kommercielt tilgængelige soler er normalt acetat-stabiliserede soler eller nitrat-stabiliserede soler (salpetersyre).
Endvidere kan en åbningsmateriale, f.eks cellulose, tilsættes til bindemidlet. Dette har den fordel, at åbningsmaterialet efter et calcineringstrin er brændt ud og dermed forøges porevolumen af katalysatoren. Imidlertid er det en forudsætning for dette, at åbningsmaterialer er udbrændt, så der ikke rester tilbage, som kunne blokere porerne. Følgelig kan andre forbindelser, især organiske forbindelser, såsom paraffiner, voks, og termoplast, som opfylder kravet om fuldstændig forbrænding, også tilsættes som åbningsmateriale. Tilsætningen af koblingsmidler og andre tilsætningsstoffer, tilsætninger, fyldstoffer, promotorer kendt inden for teknikkens stade og lignende kan også være fordelagtigt.
Porevolumen af katalysatoren bør fortrinsvis ligge i området fra 0,2 cm3/g og 1 cm3/g, især mellem 0,2 og 0,5 cm3/g. Især foretrækkes et porevolumen i området mellem 0,2 og 0,4 cm3/g. Porevolumenet bestemmes ved kviksølvindtrængningsmetoden i overensstemmelse med DIN 66133. Navnlig porevolumenet er det specifikke samlede porevolumen (baseret på porer med radier fra 3,7 til 7500 nm). Poreradius kan bestemmes ved hjælp af Washburn ligningen i henhold til DIN 66133.
Katalysatoren eller det mindst ene sintringsegnede materiale indbefatter yderligere et katalytisk aktivt eller aktiverbart materiale. Det katalytisk aktive eller aktiverbare materiale er fortrinsvis et metaloxis valgt fra oxiderne af nikkel, platin, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, kobber, sølv, guld, cobalt, mangan eller jernoxid. Særligt foretrukket er nikkel, platin og rhodium oxid. For ATR og CPOX er platin eller rhodiumoxid mest foretrukket. Oxiderne aktiveres typisk kun efter opladning af katalysatoren i reaktoren, dvs for eksempel reduceret med hydrogen med det faktisk katalytisk aktive metal.
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Katalysatoren kan yderligere omfatte en belægning. Belægningen påføres normalt på katalysatoren efter kalcinering. Til dette kan processerne i den kendte teknik, fx anvendelsen af en washcoat eller spray imprægnering, anvendes. Belægningen tjener til at forøge BET-overfladearealet af katalysatoren, og for at undertrykke uønsket dannelse af sod og er fortrinsvis valgt blandt oxider af sjældne jordarter (fx lanthan, cerium eller cerium/lanthanstabiliseret gamma aluminiumoxid) aluminat, titanat, titandioxid, aluminiumoxid, magnesiumoxid, zirconiumoxid, aluminiumoxid-titanat, calciumaluminat, kalium aluminat eller magnesiumaluminat eller kombinationer af ovennævnte. Især foretrækkes cerium/anthanstabiliseret gamma aluminiumoxid.
Belægningen kan også indeholde et bindemiddel. Egnede bindemidler er for eksempel kaolin, ler eller flux. Bindemidlet kan også være en sol, fx en sol af nanopartikler af Al203 (f.eks Disperal® fra Sasol ) eller Zr02 ( for eksempel Zr- acetat fra Mel Chemicals, Nyacol® produkter) . Også foretrukket er ceriumoxid soler (fx fra Nyacol), siliciumdioxid soler (f.eks Kostrosol®) og titandioxid soler (fx fra Sachtleben Chemie). Desuden kan bindemidlet være en mættet metalsaltopløsning.
Et særligt foretrukket bindemiddel er mættet aluminiumnitrat opløsning, som på kalcinering danner nanoskopiske aluminiumoxidpartikler, der igen fungerer som koblingsmidler mellem washcoat pulver og sprøjtestøbte bærer.
Katalysatoren bærer og/eller coatingen kan også indeholde lanthanider (sjældne jordarter), og grundstoffer fra den første eller anden hovedgruppe (for eksempel kalium eller strontium), for det første for at stabilisere det specifikke overfladeareal (BET), og for det andet til at undertrykke uønsket sidereaktion af soddannelse.
Her foretrækkes et så højt som muligt BET-overfladeareal, i almindelighed et BET-overfladeareal på mere end 0,4 m2/g, især mellem 0,5 og 300 m2/g, og især fortrinsvis mellem 1 og 50 m2/g. BET-overfladearealet bestemmes af nitrogen enkeltpunktmetoden i overensstemmelse med DIN 66132. Et BET-overfladeareal på 50 m2/g opnås for eksempel i katalysatoren ved en driftstemperatur på 900 °C.
Den katalytisk aktive eller aktiverbare materiale kan enten allerede blandes med det sintringsegnede materiale under fremstillingen af katalysatorbæreren eller blive blandet med washcoat under en efterfølgende coating af katalysatoren, eller det katalytisk aktive 7 DK 177765 B1 materiale påføres efter belægning af katalysatoren med en washcoat er foretaget, i form af en imprægnering med metalsaltopløsningen, fx det tilsvarende nitrat, acetat, etc., og kalcineres derefter, hvorved det tilsvarende metaloxid dannes. I dette kan processer som er velkendte inden for teknikkens stade anvendes, for eksempel dip eller spray imprægnering, kan anvendes. Det er også muligt for alle varianter at blive anvendt samtidigt.
Den således opnåede katalysator kan anvendes som en damp-reformeringkatalysator, katalysator for ATR eller som en katalysator for partiel katalytisk oxidation (CPOX). Katalysatoren anvendes fortrinsvis i en reaktor, hvor der først, før starten af den katalytiske reaktion, genereres det katalytisk aktive metal ved in situ reduktion, fx med hydrogen. Mulige reaktorer er faste seng, rørformet og rørbundt reaktorer.
Til dette kan katalysatoren med stort overfladeareal struktur være til stede i reaktoren i form af en løs pakning. Den løse pakning er velegnet til fast seng og rørformede reaktorer.
Praktiske eksempler:
Eksempel 1: Fremstilling af en katalvsatorbærer med honeycomb -formet struktur: Calciumaluminat blev formalet i en kuglemølle , behandlet med paraffinolie og blandet i en dobbelt skrue ekstruder og opvarmet til 150 °C. Den resulterende blanding blev overført til en sprøjtestøbeform af honeycomb-struktur. Formen blev afkølet, og den rå katalysatorblev fjernet fra formen og sintret. Carriers fremstillet ifølge opfindelsen kan ses i figur 1.
Eksempel 2: Fremstilling af et coatet katalvsatorbærer med honevcomb-formet struktur. Katalysatorbæreren blev fremstillet som i eksempel 1, bortset fra at aluminiumoxid blev anvendt i stedet calciumaluminat. Efter sintring blev bæreren belagt med washcoat Clay Met (stabiliseret gamma aluminiumoxid), tørret og kalcineret.
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Eksempel 3 : Aktivitetstest på tre forskellige katalysatorer
Tre prøver blev fremstillet. Til dette blev konventionelle G- 90 LDP bærer (SQd- Chemie AG) og sprøjtestøbte bærere ifølge opfindelsen opdelt til en størrelse på ca. 5x5 mm, uden at ødelægge honeycomb-strukturen.
G-90 LDP, og en prøve af de sprøjtestøbte bærere blev imprægneret med nikkelnitrat opløsning, hvorved et nikkelindhold på 10 % baseret på washcoat blev opnået.
En yderligere prøve af de sprøjtestøbte bærere blev belagt med washcoat" Clay Met" fra firmaet Sud- Chemie AG, kalcineret og derefter ligeledes imprægneret med en nikkelnitrat løsning.
Alle tre prøver blev underkastet en aktivitet test. Resultaterne fremgår af figur 2 og figur 3.
Det er let synligt, at konverteringen af methan med den sprøjtestøbte katalysator overtrukket med washcoat er omkring 16 % større end den konventionelle G- 90 LDP. Trykfaldet kunne reduceres med 10 %.
De dårligere resultater af blot imprægnerede sprøjtestøbte bærer kan henføres til det forholdsvis lave BET overfladeareal på 0,4 m2/g.
Eksempel 4: Bestemmelse af den laterale trvkbestandiahed Fremgangsmåden udføres med "Mecmesin " måleudstyr.
Opstart af måleudstyret:
Tværbjælken skal justeres til tablet type (se brugsanvisningen). Træk nødknappen og sæt funktionsvælgeren til "Single Cycle". På kraftmålingsenheden trykkes på "On" og "Reset".
Måleprocedure:
Stænkskærmen skal skubbes op fra kraftbolten. Katalysatoren blev lagt med sidevæggen på platformen og stænkskærmen igen skubbet ned. Derefter blev "Start / Stop"-kontakten trykket på "Down" og frigjort. Efter brud af katalysatoren vises den målte værdi og noteres.
Efter 50 måleværdier var blevet opsamlet, blev disse evalueret ved hjælp af en computer.
I hvert tilfælde var den laterale tryk modstand over 700 N, og i de fleste tilfælde over 1000 N.
Claims (18)
1. Katalysator med stort overfladeareal, idet det store overfladeareal er dannet af et stort antal parallelle gennemtrængende huller med rundt eller polygonalt tværsnit, hvor katalysatoren indeholder mindst et sintringsegnet materiale og har en lateral trykstyrke på mindst 700 N, og det store overfladeareal opnås ved sprøjtestøbning af det mindst ene sintringsegnede materiale i en sprøjtestøbeform og er en kalcineret honeycomb-formet struktur med 10-300 klare gennemtrængende huller pr cm2 fladeområde, og hvor det mindst ene sintringsegnede materiale er valgt blandt metaloxider og / eller keramik og udgør 10 til 99 vægtprocent baseret på vægten af katalysatoren.
2. Katalysator ifølge krav 1, hvor det mindst ene sintringsegnede materiale omfatter et katalytisk aktivt materiale.
3. Katalysator ifølge krav 2, hvor det katalytisk aktive materiale er valgt blandt nikkel, platin, palladium, rhodium , ruthenium, kobber, sølv, guld , cobalt, mangan eller jern.
4. Katalysator ifølge et af kravene 1 til 3, hvor katalysatoren desuden omfatter en washcoat-belægning.
5. Katalysator ifølge krav 4, kendetegnet ved, at washcoat-belægningen har et stort BET-overfladeareal og indeholder sjældne jordarter, fortrinsvis cerium/lanthan og/eller kalium/strontium.
6. Katalysator ifølge et af kravene 4 eller 5, kendetegnet ved, at washcoat omfatter et bindemiddel for at øge washcoat vedhæftningen.
7. Katalysator ifølge krav 6, kendetegnet ved, at bindemidlet er en sol og/eller et metalsalt opløsning.
8. Katalysator ifølge krav 7, kendetegnet ved, at den nævnte sol er en sol af aluminiumeller ceriumforbindelser. 10 DK 177765 B1
9. Katalysator ifølge krav 8, kendetegnet ved, at metalsaltopløsningen er en mættet aluminiumnitrat-opløsning.
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10. Katalysator ifølge et af kravene 4 til 9, hvor belægningen omfatter et katalytisk aktivt materiale, der er valgt blandt nikkel, platin, palladium, rhodium , ruthenium, kobber, sølv, guld , cobalt, mangan eller jern.
11. Fremgangsmåde til fremstilling af en katalysator med honeycomb-formet struktur, der har en lateral trykstyrke på mindst 700 N, omfattende trinnene: a) Formaling af et sintringsegnet materiale til et pulver, hvor sintringsegnede materiale er valgt blandt metaloxider og/eller keramik ; b) Behandling af det sintringsegnede materiale med et dispergeringsmiddel; c) Opvarmning og blanding af den resulterende sammensætning for således at opnå en plastisk blanding; d) Injektion af den plastiske blanding i en sprøjtestøbeform, således at en honeycomb -formet struktur, der har 10 til 300 klare gennemtrængende huller pr cm2 flade område dannes; e) Køling, fjernelse fra formen og kalcinering af blandingen til dannelse af en katalysator, hvori det sintringsegnede materiale udgør 10 til 99 vægtprocent baseret på vægten af katalysatoren.
12. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 11, hvor der efter kalcinering i trin e) påføres en belægning på katalysatoren.
13. Fremgangsmåde ifølge krav 11, hvor belægningen af katalysatoren udføres med en washcoat.
14. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 12 til 13, hvor katalysatoren kalcineres efter belægningen.
15. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 12 til 14, hvor det katalytisk aktive materiale er fastgjort på den faste del af washcoaten før belægning.
16. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 11 til 15, hvor opvarmning af sammensætningen udføres ved 30 til 150 °C. 11 DK 177765 B1
17. Fremgangsmåde ifølge et af kravene 11 til 16, hvor opvarmning og blanding af sammensætningen for at opnå den plastiske blanding sker i en ekstruder.
18. Anvendelse af en katalysator ifølge et af kravene 1 til 10 eller som kan opnås ifølge et af kravene 11 til 17 som en damp-reformeringskatalysator.
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US8349758B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
CN101402056A (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
DE102007046297A1 (de) | 2009-04-09 |
DE102007046297B4 (de) | 2016-12-22 |
JP2009106931A (ja) | 2009-05-21 |
JP5236412B2 (ja) | 2013-07-17 |
GB2453424A (en) | 2009-04-08 |
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