DE3382624T3 - Zwischendestillatzubereitungen mit verbessertem Fliessverhalten bei niedriger Temperatur. - Google Patents
Zwischendestillatzubereitungen mit verbessertem Fliessverhalten bei niedriger Temperatur.Info
- Publication number
- DE3382624T3 DE3382624T3 DE3382624T DE3382624T DE3382624T3 DE 3382624 T3 DE3382624 T3 DE 3382624T3 DE 3382624 T DE3382624 T DE 3382624T DE 3382624 T DE3382624 T DE 3382624T DE 3382624 T3 DE3382624 T3 DE 3382624T3
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- boiling point
- weight
- wax
- vinyl ester
- distillate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003966 growth inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical group CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003324 growth hormone secretagogue Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 polymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010771 distillate fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC=C MEGHWIAOTJPCHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002103 osmometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000135 prohibitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
- C10L10/14—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving low temperature properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
- C10L1/195—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10L1/197—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid
- C10L1/1973—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds derived from monomers containing a carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bond and an acyloxy group of a saturated carboxylic or carbonic acid mono-carboxylic
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB838300016A GB8300016D0 (en) | 1983-01-04 | 1983-01-04 | Middle distillate compositions |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3382624D1 DE3382624D1 (de) | 1992-10-22 |
| DE3382624T2 DE3382624T2 (de) | 1993-01-07 |
| DE3382624T3 true DE3382624T3 (de) | 1997-01-02 |
Family
ID=10535834
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3382624T Expired - Fee Related DE3382624T3 (de) | 1983-01-04 | 1983-12-22 | Zwischendestillatzubereitungen mit verbessertem Fliessverhalten bei niedriger Temperatur. |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0113581B2 (da) |
| JP (2) | JPS59136391A (da) |
| KR (1) | KR910004942B1 (da) |
| AT (1) | ATE80651T1 (da) |
| AU (1) | AU2305183A (da) |
| CA (1) | CA1263235A (da) |
| DD (2) | DD226901A5 (da) |
| DE (1) | DE3382624T3 (da) |
| DK (1) | DK164792C (da) |
| FI (1) | FI834887A (da) |
| GB (1) | GB8300016D0 (da) |
| IN (1) | IN159929B (da) |
| NO (1) | NO172650C (da) |
| NZ (1) | NZ206666A (da) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8300016D0 (en) * | 1983-01-04 | 1983-02-09 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Middle distillate compositions |
| JPS6270488A (ja) * | 1985-09-24 | 1987-03-31 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | 燃料油添加剤および流動性の改善された燃料油 |
| US5814110A (en) * | 1986-09-24 | 1998-09-29 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. | Chemical compositions and use as fuel additives |
| GB9213909D0 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1992-08-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Oil additives and compositions |
| GB9213827D0 (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1992-08-12 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Oil additives and compositions |
| GB9725581D0 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1998-02-04 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Additives and oil compositions |
| GB9725579D0 (en) | 1997-12-03 | 1998-02-04 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Additives and oil compositions |
| DE19802690C2 (de) * | 1998-01-24 | 2003-02-20 | Clariant Gmbh | Additiv zur Verbesserung der Kaltfließeigenschaften von Brennstoffölen |
| JP4796242B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-25 | 2011-10-19 | 三洋化成工業株式会社 | 流動性向上剤 |
| JP4827798B2 (ja) * | 2007-06-13 | 2011-11-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空調用リモートコントローラおよび空気調和機並びに空気調和システム |
| CA3034201A1 (en) | 2018-01-25 | 2019-07-25 | Guilherme DOS SANTOS VIEIRA LIMA | Auxiliary system and method for starting or restarting the flow of gelled fluid |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3048479A (en) * | 1959-08-03 | 1962-08-07 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Ethylene-vinyl ester pour depressant for middle distillates |
| US3093623A (en) * | 1960-01-05 | 1963-06-11 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for the manufacture of improved pour depressants for middle distillates |
| DE1914756C3 (de) * | 1968-04-01 | 1985-05-15 | Exxon Research and Engineering Co., Linden, N.J. | Verwendung von Ethylen-Vinylacetat- Mischpolymerisaten für Erdöl-Destillate |
| US3961916A (en) * | 1972-02-08 | 1976-06-08 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Middle distillate compositions with improved filterability and process therefor |
| US3966428A (en) * | 1973-10-31 | 1976-06-29 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Ethylene backbone polymers in combination with ester polymers having long alkyl side chains are low viscosity distillate fuel cold flow improvers |
| US3884764A (en) * | 1974-03-25 | 1975-05-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Method and composition for blood serum cholesterol analysis |
| GB1593672A (en) * | 1977-10-07 | 1981-07-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Polymer combinations useful in distillate hydrocarbon oils to improve cold flow properties |
| EP0003489B1 (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1983-01-12 | Imperial Chemical Industries Plc | Crude oil having improved cold flow properties |
| DE2837341C2 (de) * | 1978-08-26 | 1983-02-17 | Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal | Verfahren zur Herstellung von organischen Mono- und Polyisocyanaten durch thermische Spaltung der Hydrochloride trisubstituierter Harnstoffe |
| JPS5854703B2 (ja) * | 1979-10-04 | 1983-12-06 | 株式会社東芝 | 判定回路 |
| JPS56103294A (en) * | 1980-01-23 | 1981-08-18 | Nippon Kemutetsuku Consulting Kk | Coal-containing slurry composition |
| JPS6017399B2 (ja) * | 1980-04-07 | 1985-05-02 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | 石油留分燃料油の添加剤 |
| DE3266117D1 (en) * | 1981-03-31 | 1985-10-17 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Two-component flow improver additive for middle distillate fuel oils |
| JPS58129096A (ja) * | 1982-01-27 | 1983-08-01 | Mitsubishi Petrochem Co Ltd | 燃料油の添加剤 |
| GB8300016D0 (en) * | 1983-01-04 | 1983-02-09 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Middle distillate compositions |
| JPH0247518A (ja) * | 1988-08-10 | 1990-02-16 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 温水装置 |
| JPH0330637A (ja) * | 1989-06-27 | 1991-02-08 | Taiyo Fishery Co Ltd | 養殖マダイの体色改善法 |
-
1983
- 1983-01-04 GB GB838300016A patent/GB8300016D0/en active Pending
- 1983-12-21 NZ NZ206666A patent/NZ206666A/en unknown
- 1983-12-22 EP EP83307869A patent/EP0113581B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1983-12-22 CA CA000444122A patent/CA1263235A/en not_active Expired
- 1983-12-22 AT AT83307869T patent/ATE80651T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-22 DE DE3382624T patent/DE3382624T3/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1983-12-23 IN IN859/DEL/83A patent/IN159929B/en unknown
- 1983-12-30 NO NO834889A patent/NO172650C/no unknown
- 1983-12-30 KR KR1019830006322A patent/KR910004942B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1983-12-30 AU AU2305183A patent/AU2305183A/xx active Pending
- 1983-12-30 FI FI834887A patent/FI834887A/fi not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1984
- 1984-01-03 DD DD84259173A patent/DD226901A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-01-03 DD DD84281022A patent/DD236940A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-01-04 DK DK003184A patent/DK164792C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-01-04 JP JP59000192A patent/JPS59136391A/ja active Granted
-
1992
- 1992-07-28 JP JP4201144A patent/JP2534818B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO172650B (no) | 1993-05-10 |
| NO834889L (no) | 1984-07-05 |
| DE3382624T2 (de) | 1993-01-07 |
| FI834887A0 (fi) | 1983-12-30 |
| DD236940A5 (de) | 1986-06-25 |
| NZ206666A (en) | 1987-06-30 |
| DK3184D0 (da) | 1984-01-04 |
| JPH05186782A (ja) | 1993-07-27 |
| DK164792C (da) | 1993-01-04 |
| DE3382624D1 (de) | 1992-10-22 |
| GB8300016D0 (en) | 1983-02-09 |
| DD226901A5 (de) | 1985-09-04 |
| KR910004942B1 (ko) | 1991-07-18 |
| EP0113581A1 (en) | 1984-07-18 |
| KR840007434A (ko) | 1984-12-07 |
| CA1263235A (en) | 1989-11-28 |
| NO172650C (no) | 1993-08-18 |
| DK164792B (da) | 1992-08-17 |
| AU2305183A (en) | 1984-07-05 |
| EP0113581B2 (en) | 1996-08-07 |
| ATE80651T1 (de) | 1992-10-15 |
| DK3184A (da) | 1984-07-05 |
| JPH0330637B2 (da) | 1991-05-01 |
| IN159929B (da) | 1987-06-13 |
| EP0113581B1 (en) | 1992-09-16 |
| JP2534818B2 (ja) | 1996-09-18 |
| FI834887A (fi) | 1984-07-05 |
| JPS59136391A (ja) | 1984-08-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP0398101B1 (de) | Neue Umsetzungsprodukte von Aminoalkylenpolycarbonsäuren mit sekundären Aminen und Erdölmitteldestillatzusammensetzungen, die diese enthalten | |
| DE2156425C2 (de) | Heiz- oder Treibölmischung, bzw. Konzentrat zur Verbesserung der Fließeigenschaften dieser | |
| DE69610501T2 (de) | Bifunktioneller zusatz für motorbrennstoffkaltbeständigkeit, und motorbrennstoffzusammensetzung | |
| EP0203554B1 (de) | Verwendung von Ethylen-Terpolymerisaten als Additive für Mineralöle und Mineralöldestillate | |
| EP0922716A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ethylen-Terpolymeren und deren Verwendung als Zusatz zu Mineralöl und Mineralöldestillaten | |
| EP0332002B2 (de) | Verwendung ausgewählter Copolymeren der Acryl- und/oder Methacrylsäureester als Fliessverbesserer in paraffinreichen Erdölen und Erdölfraktionen (II) | |
| DE1645785B2 (de) | Wachshaltige Heizölbestandteile enthaltendes Heizölgemisch mit herabgesetztem Fließpunkt | |
| DE69120406T2 (de) | Zusätze für destillatkraftstoffe und diese enthaltende kraftstoffe | |
| EP0254284B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Fliessfähigkeit von Mineralölen und Mineralöldestillaten | |
| DE2810364A1 (de) | Paraffinhaltiges erdoeldestillatgemisch mit fliessfaehigkeitsverbesserndem kombinationszusatz aus oelloeslichen aliphatischen copolymeren mit stickstoffderivaten von kohlenwasserstoffsubstituierten bernsteinsaeureverbindungen | |
| EP0413279A1 (de) | Verwendung von Umsetzungsprodukten von Alkenylspirobislactonen und Aminen als Paraffindispergatoren | |
| EP0271738A2 (de) | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ethylen-Mischpolymerisaten und deren Verwendung als Zusatz zu Mineralöl und Mineralölfraktionen | |
| DE3382624T3 (de) | Zwischendestillatzubereitungen mit verbessertem Fliessverhalten bei niedriger Temperatur. | |
| DD282238A5 (de) | Stroemungsverbesserungsmittel und truebungspunktdruecker | |
| EP0405270B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Fliessfähigkeit von Mineralölen und Mineralöldestillaten | |
| EP0258572B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Fliessfähigkeit v. Mineralölen u. Mineralöldestillaten | |
| DE2519577C2 (de) | Additive und diese enthaltende brenn- und treibstoffe | |
| DE19802689A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Kaltfließeigenschaften von Brennstoffölen | |
| DE2331041A1 (de) | Heizoelformulierung | |
| EP0045342B1 (de) | Kraftstoffzusammensetzung mit verbessertem Fliessvermögen bei tiefen Temperaturen | |
| DE69112397T2 (de) | Brennölzusatzstoffe und -zusammensetzungen. | |
| DE2339175C2 (da) | ||
| EP0931824B1 (de) | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Kaltfliesseigenschaften von Brennstoffölen | |
| EP0892012B1 (de) | Fliessverbesserer für Mineralöle | |
| EP0190553A1 (de) | Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Fliessfähigkeit von Mineralölen und Mineralöldestillaten |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8363 | Opposition against the patent | ||
| 8366 | Restricted maintained after opposition proceedings | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |