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DE1720277A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von filmbildenden waessrigen Copolymerdispersionen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Herstellung von filmbildenden waessrigen Copolymerdispersionen

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Publication number
DE1720277A1
DE1720277A1 DE19671720277 DE1720277A DE1720277A1 DE 1720277 A1 DE1720277 A1 DE 1720277A1 DE 19671720277 DE19671720277 DE 19671720277 DE 1720277 A DE1720277 A DE 1720277A DE 1720277 A1 DE1720277 A1 DE 1720277A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
octene
vinyl
film
preparation
amounts
Prior art date
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Pending
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DE19671720277
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English (en)
Inventor
Ritchie Douglas Ian
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BP Chemicals Ltd
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BP Chemicals Ltd
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Publication of DE1720277A1 publication Critical patent/DE1720277A1/de
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F218/00Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid or of a haloformic acid
    • C08F218/02Esters of monocarboxylic acids
    • C08F218/04Vinyl esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Description

PATENTANWÄLTE
DR.-ING. VON KREISLER DR.-ING. SCHÖNWALD 1720277 DR.-ING. TH. MEYER DR. FUES
KÖLN 1, DEICHMANNHAUS
Köln, den 1.6,1967 Ke/Ax
BP Chemicals (U.K.) Limited, Devonshire House. Mayfair Place, Piccadilly, London, W«1 (England).
Verfahren zur Herstellung von filmbildenden wäßrigen Copolymerdispersionen
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von filmbildenden wässrigen Dispersionen von Oopolymeren von Vinylestern von organischen Säuren. Sie betrifft insbesondere wässrige Dispersionen von Copolymeren von Vinylestern von organischen Säuren mit Octen-1, die so hergestellten Dispersionen und die daraus gebildeten Filme.
Das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung zur Herstellung von filmbildenden wässrigen Dispersionen von Oopolymeren von Vinylestern von organischen Säuren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man einen Vinylester einer gesättigten Monocarbonsäure und Octen-1 in wässriger Dispersion in Gegenwart eines freie Radikale bildenden Katalysators und eines oberflächenaktiven Mittels und/oder eines Schutzkolloids copolymerisiert.
Die Säurekomponente des Vinylesters ist am vorteilhaftesten von einer linearen oder verzweigten aliphatischen Monocarbonsäure abgeleitet. Bevorzugt werden Säuren mit 1-7 C-Atomen. Einige Beispiele dieser Ester sind Vinylacetat, Vinylpropionat, Vinylbutyrat und Vinylbenzoat. Die Erfindung ist insbesondere auf die Vinylester von Essigsäure oder substituierter Essigsäure, z.B. Vinylester von Trimethylessig-
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mm 2 —
säure, gerichtet. Gemische von Vinylestern oder Gemische . mit anderen copolymerisierbaren ungesättigten Verbindungen, z.B. Acrylsäure, Methacrylsäure, Fumarsäure oder Itaconsäure, oder mit Estern dieser Säuren oder Viny!halogeniden sind ebenfalls geeignet.
Freie Radikale bildende Katalysatoren sind allgemein bekannt. Alle diese Katalysatoren können für das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung verwendet werden. Der Katalysator kann aus einer Einzelverbindung oder aus mehreren Verbindungen, die in Kombination als System wirksam sind, bestehen und wasserlöslich oder öllöslich sein. Einige Beispiele sind die organischen und anorganischen Peroxyde, Persulfate und Peroxycarbonate, z.B. Ammoniumpersulfat, und die Dialkylpercarbonate, z.B. Diisopropylperoxydicarbonat, Azoverbindungen, z.B. Azo-bis-isobutyronitril, und Redoxsysteme, z.B. Ammoniumpersulfat/Natriummetabisulfit, a-Cumolhydroperöxyd/ Eisen(II)-Komplex, Benzoylperoxyd/Eisen(Il)-Komplex und Alkalichlorat/Alkalisulfit.
Als oberflächenaktive Mittel eignen sich beliebige handelsübliche ionaktive oder nichtionogene oberflächenaktive Produkte, die allein oder als Gemische verwendet werden können. Einige Beispiele von ionischen oberflächenaktiven Mitteln sind die anionaktiven Mittel, z.B. die Alkalisalze von Alkarylsulfonsäuren (z.B. Natriumdodecyldiphenylätherdisulfonat), Alkalisalze von Sulfaten von langkettigen Fettsäuren (z.B. Natriumlaurylsulfat) und Ester von Natriumsulf obernsteinsäure (z.B. Natriumdioctylsulf osuccinat),und abs nichtionogenenoberflächenaktivenMittel, z.B. Äthylenoxyd-Nonylphenol-Kondensate, und Monoester von langkettigen Fettsäuren mit mehrwertigen Alkoholen (z.B. Sorbitmonooleat).
Die Verwendung von Schutzkolloiden in wässrigen freiradikalischen Polymerisationssystemen ist allgemein bekannt. Alle diese Schutzkolloide können für die Zwecke der Erfindung
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verwendet werden. Geeignet sind beispielsweise Polyvinylalkohole und wasserlösliche Cellulosederivate (z.B. Celluloseäther, wie Ä'thylcellulose).
Aktivatoren für den Katalysator können anwesend sein. Geeignet als Aktivatoren sind beispielsweise Spuren von Übergangsmetallsalzen, z.B. Eisen(II)-sulfat.
Im Polymerisationsgemisch kann ein Kettenüberträger vorhanden sein. Geeignet als Kettenüberträger sind langkettige wasserunlösliche aliphatische Mercaptane, z.B. n- oder tert-Dodecylmercaptan.
Die Polymerisation kann durchgeführt werden, indem die Reaktionsteilnehmer unter Bildung einer Emulsion oder Suspension in Wasser dispergiert werden. Das Gewichtsverhältnis von Wasser zum Gesamtgewicht der eingesetzten Monomeren liegt zweckmäßig im Bereich von 10:1 bis 1:2, vorzugsweise bei etwa 1:1. Das Gewichtsverhältnis des Vinylesters zum eingesetzten Octen-1 sollte im Bereich von 99s1 bis 70:30, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 90:10 bis 70:30 liegen. Am vorteilhaftesten beträgt die Katalysatormenge 0,1-2,0%, vorzugsweise 0,5—1,0$, bezogen auf das Gewicht der eingesetzten Monomeren. Das Gewicht des oberflächenaktiven Mittels und/ oder Schutzkolloids liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,5 bis 6$, bezogen auf das Gewicht der Monomeren, und das Gewicht des Aktivators des Katalysators liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,01-1,0>fc.
Das Verfahren kann chargenweise, halbkontinuierlich oder kontinuierlich durchgeführt werden, wobei der Vinylester oder das Octen-1 oder beide zudosiert werden.
Der Druck, bei dem die Polymerisation durchgeführt wird, ist nicht entscheidend wichtig, jedoch muß er so hoch sein, dal? die Reaktionsteilnehmer in der Flüssigphase gehalten worden. Bevorzugt wird Kormaldruck, um die Notwendigkeit der Verwendung teurer Druckapparaturen zu vermeiden.
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Die Temperatur ist ebenfalls nicht entscheidend wichtig. Geeignet sind beliebige Temperaturen, bei denen die Reaktion mit genügender Geschwindigkeit verläuft· Diese Temperatur hängt von dem verwendeten Katalysatorsystem ab und liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 40-100°C·
Copolymere, die 10 bis etwa 15 Grew#~56 Octen-1 enthalten» können hergestellt werden, wenn die Polymerisation bei einer Temperatur im Bereich von 75-950C, vorzugsweise von 80-850C durchgeführt wird. .
Der pg-Wert der Dispersion sollte im Bereich von 4,0-7»5 gehalten werden, um eine Hydrolyse des Vinylesters zu ver«r melden* Zu diesem Zweck kann ein geeigneter Puffer, z.B» Kalium- oder Natriumbicarbonat, zugesetzt werden«
Die Polymerisation wird zweckmäßig unter Ausschluß von Sauerstoff durchgeführt· Nicht polymerisierter Vinylester und Octen-1 können nach der Polymerisation entfernt werden, indem man beispielsweise den Latex destilliert oder ein Inertgas, z.B. Stickstoff, durch den Latex bläst, während dieser bei erhöhter Temperatur gehalten wird·
Ein Umsatz von Monomeren zu Polymerisat über 75?6 kann erreicht werden, wenn bei den bevorzugten Bedingungen, insbesondere bei den bevorzugten Verhältnissen der Monomeren und Katalysatorkonzentrationen gearbeitet wird. .
Stabile wässrige filmbildende Dispersionen von Copolymeren des Vinylesters mit Octen-1 mit einem Feststoffgehalt von mehr als 25$ können durch entsprechende Einstellung der Anteile des Vinylesters und des Octen-1 zum vorhandenen Wasser und der Polymerisationsbedingungen erhalten werden.
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Beispiel
Vinylacetat
Octen-1
Natriumlaurylsulfat ("Empicol LXV") Ä'thylenoxyd-Nonylphenol-Kondensat (»lergitol NP 40»)
A*thy1enoxyd-NonyIpheno1-Kondensat (»Dergitol NP 14")
675 g
225 g
18 g
18 g >A
Kaliumbicarbonat
Destilliertes Wasser
18 g
4,5g 1150 ml
6,0 g Ammoniumpersulfat in 100 ml destilliertem Wasser B 6,0 g Ammoniumpersulfat in 100 ml destilliertem Wasser C
Versuchsdurchführung
Der Ansatz A wurde in das Polymerisationsgefäß gegeben und 30 Minuten bei 600O unter Stickstoff gerührt. Die Otemperatur wurde dann auf 850C erhöht, worauf der Katalysator B zugesetzt wurde. Nach 7-stündigem Erhitzen wurde die Lösung C in den Reaktor gegeben. Die Polymerisation wurde weitere 16 Stunden bei 85°0 durchgeführt. Das nicht umgesetzte Monomere wurde dann unter vermindertem Druck abdestilliert und der Einsatz der Abkühlung überlassen. Der Umsatz von Monomeren zu Polymerisat betrug 87,5 Gew.-^, Die Analyse des Copolymeren durch kernmagnetische Resonanz ergab, daß es 19,0 Gew.-Teile Octen-1 und 81,0 G-ew.-Teile Vinylacetat enthielt.
Die erhaltene Oopolymerdispersion hatte einen Feststoffgehalt von 34»89έ und trocknete nach dem Auftrag auf eine Glasfläche an der Luft unter Bildung eines Films.
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Claims (8)

Patentansprüche
1.) Verfahren zur Herstellung von fUmbildenden wäßrigen Copolymerdispersionen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Vinylester gesättigter Monocarbonsäuren und Octen-1, gegebenenfalls im Gemisch mit anderen copolymerislerbaren ungesättigten Verbindungen, in wäßriger Dispersion in Gegenwart von freie Radikale bildenden Katalysatoren und oberflächenaktiven Mitteln und/oder Schutzkolloiden copolymerisiert.
2.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet« daß man Vinylacetat und Octen-1 copolymerisiert.
j5.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet« daß man das Gewichtsverhältnis des Vinylesters zum Octen-1 im Bereich von 90:10 bis 70OO wählt.
4.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis J, dadurch gekennzeichnet« daß man die Copolymerisation mit Katalysatormengen von 0,5 bis 1 %, Mengen des oberflächenaktiven Mittels und/oder Schutzkolloids von 0,5 bis 6 % und Aktivatormengen von 0,01 bis 1 %, jeweils bezogen auf das Gewicht der Monomeren« durchführt.
5.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 4« dadurch gekennzeichnet« daß man im Temperaturbereich zwischen 40 und 1000C arbeitet.
6.) Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man unter Ausschluß von Sauerstoff arbeitet.
7.) Filmformende wäßrige Dispersion von Copolymeren von Vinylestern gesättigter Monocarbonsäuren mit Octen-1.
8.) Copolymere aus Vinylestern gesättigter Monocarbonsäuren und Octen-1.
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DE19671720277 1966-06-10 1967-06-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung von filmbildenden waessrigen Copolymerdispersionen Pending DE1720277A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2585966A GB1104536A (en) 1966-06-10 1966-06-10 A process for the production of film forming aqueous dispersions of copolymers of vinyl esters of organic acids

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DE1720277A1 true DE1720277A1 (de) 1972-03-23

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